Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device having a concave reflector includes forming a switching element on a substrate, the switching element comprising a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, forming a first insulating layer on the substrate including the switching element, forming a plurality of photoresist patterns on the first insulating layer, patterning the first insulating layer to have a concave surface by using the photoresist patterns as masks, and forming a reflector on the first insulating layer having the recessed uneven surface.

Abstract: A white polyester film for a liquid crystal display reflective plate realizes a high level of brightness when used in side light type liquid crystal displays and direct type liquid crystal displays. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate has a thickness of 200 ?m or more, wherein, in at least one side (side A) of the white polyester film, M is M??0.0110 (%/nm) and R560?100 (%) when the wavelength dependency of spectral reflectance at a wavelength of 450 to 600 nm is approximated according to the following approximation formula R: R=M×?+B, in which R is an approximation formula by a least square method and represents a light reflectance (%), ? represents a wavelength of light (nm), M represents a wavelength coefficient (%/nm), B represents a constant (%), and R560 represents an estimated reflectance obtained by introducing ?=560 nm into the approximation formula R (%).

Abstract: A reflective color filter liquid crystal display, in the reverse order of receiving incident light, includes a backplane substrate, a reflective electrode layer, a planar liquid crystal cell, a transparent protective dielectric layer and a transparent plate. The transparent plate is adapted for receiving and transmitting the incident light. The planar liquid crystal cell is sandwiched between the reflective electrode layer and the transparent conductive film. The reflective electrode layer further includes a first band reflective electrode, a second band reflective electrode and a third band reflective electrode in a regularly tiled planar arrangement.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a first substrate and a translucent second substrate facing each other, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a reflective electrode that is disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, a translucent electrode that is disposed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer, a first dielectric layer that is disposed between the reflective electrode and the liquid crystal layer and includes a plurality of dielectric films, and a second dielectric layer that is disposed between the translucent electrode and the liquid crystal layer and includes at least one dielectric film.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, a reflective film includes a plurality of first concave-convex elements having a curved surface and a plurality of second concave-convex elements on the curved surface. The second concave-convex elements may be a smaller scale than a scale of the plurality of first concave-convex elements. The reflective structure may further include a color purity control element configured to reduce degradation of a color purity expressed by the reflective film. The color purity control element may be configured such that at least a complementary light with respect to a color light reflected by the reflective film travels in the same direction as the reflected color light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel is disclosed in which, in a boundary region between a reflective region and a transmissive region, top and side surfaces of an end of a reflective electrode layer (19) which extends into the boundary region are not covered with a colored layer (20) and an insulating layer (21) in the reflective region and the colored layer (20) in the transmissive region. Therefore, a transflective liquid crystal display panel with a COA structure can be attained, which has improved color reproducibility and reflection characteristic in the reflective region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thin film transistor substrate. The thin film transistor according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a gate wire and a data wire formed to cross each other on an insulating substrate and define a pixel area; a thin film transistor formed on the intersection of the gate wire and the data wire; an inorganic insulating layer covering the thin film transistor and having a surface that a prominence and depression pattern formed on; and a reflective layer provided on the prominence and depression pattern. Thus, the present invention provides a thin film transistor substrate which reduces the time required in the process and enhance the productivity.

Abstract: The present invention is a display device which can provide bright display by both of reflective display and transmissive display without having a multi-gap structure and which can reduce a difference in response time between the reflective region and the transmissive region.

Abstract: A substrate is provided having a pixel region including a pixel electrode and a switching element. A periphery region in the periphery of the pixel region includes a first light-shielding film, the first light-shielding film being formed from the same layer as the pixel electrode. A passivation film that covers the pixel electrode and the first light-shielding film is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer disposed between a first substrate and a second substrate, a pixel electrode in a reflection region and a transmission region over the first substrate, a film for adjusting a cell gap in the reflection region over the first substrate, and an opposite electrode in the reflection region and the transmission region over the second substrate. The pixel electrode in the reflection region is provided over the film and reflects light. The pixel electrode in the transmission region transmits light. The pixel electrode in the reflection region and the transmission region includes a slit. The slit is overlapped with at least a part of a step portion which is provided by the film between the reflection region and the transmission region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a first substrate, an optically transparent second substrate, a liquid crystal layer provided between the first and second substrates, a plurality of light reflecting pixel electrodes provided between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, pixels including the pixel electrodes, a translucent electrode provided between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and a reflective layer. The reflective layer is provided close to the first substrate rather than the pixel electrodes so as to overlap, in plan view, at least a part of a gap between the first pixel electrode of the pixel electrodes and the second pixel electrode adjacent to the first pixel electrode, and the cross-section of the reflective layer in a direction where the first and second pixel electrodes are adjacent to each other has a concave surface that is dented toward a side opposite to the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a transparent first substrate placed on the display plane side; a transparent second substrate opposed to the first substrate; a cholesteric liquid crystal that is placed between the first and second substrates and whose selective reflection color is yellow; and a reflector for white/blue display opposed to the second substrate. The angular dependence of scattered light intensity of the reflector for white/blue display is equivalent to the angular dependence of scattered light intensity of the cholesteric liquid crystal.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is a transflective liquid crystal display device that has high light transmittance and reflectance, an excellent visibility, and suitable display characteristics achieved by the sufficiently controlled liquid crystal orientation. A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes a thin-film transistor array substrate, an opposite substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween. The liquid crystal display device includes a pixel having a reflective display region that performs a reflective display, and a transmissive display region that performs a transmissive display. When the substrate surface is viewed from the normal direction, the transmissive display region is disposed in a center section of the pixel.

Abstract: An optical element includes: a first optical layer having a concavo-convex surface; a wavelength-selective reflective layer provided on the concavo-convex surface of the first optical layer; a second optical layer provided on the concavo-convex surface on which the wavelength-selective reflective layer is provided so as to fill the concavo-convex surface, and in the optical element described above, the wavelength-selective reflective layer includes a metal layer, a protective layer provided on the metal layer and containing a metal oxide as a primary component, and a high refractive index layer provided on the protective layer and containing a metal oxide other than zinc oxide as a primary component, and the wavelength-selective reflective layer selectively directionally reflects light in a specific wavelength band while transmitting light other than that in the specific wavelength band.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer includes fine metal wires arranged parallel to one another and thus transmitting TM-polarized light. A light absorbing layer for absorbing TE-polarized light is provided on at least one of the surfaces of the wire grid polarizer.

Abstract: A brightness enhancement sheet including a light transmissive substrate, a plurality of strip prisms, and a plurality of protruding structures is provided. The light transmissive substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The strip prisms are disposed on the first surface. Each of the strip prisms has two prism surfaces, and a junction of the two prism surfaces forms a crest line, and a valley line is formed between each of the two adjacent strip prisms. Each of the protruding structures has two wing portions. The two wing portions are respectively disposed on two prism surfaces of the corresponding strip prism. A junction of the two wing portions forms a protruding end. The protruding end protrudes from the crest line of the corresponding strip prism. Each of the wing portions extends from the protruding end to the valley line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes: a liquid crystal layer; a first substrate and a second substrate between which the liquid crystal layer is sandwiched; a reflective layer operable to reflect light which is incident thereon from the second substrate side through the liquid crystal layer; a plurality of optical layers disposed on the side opposite to the first substrate with reference to the second substrate; and a plurality of light-scattering layers which are each disposed in at least one of a region between the second substrate and the optical layers and a region between two mutually proximate ones of the optical layers and which each show relatively larger forward scattering and relatively smaller back scattering.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a transparent substrate, a PIN type diode formed in the transparent substrate and receiving light introduced through a light receiving side surface of the transparent substrate, and a reflecting portion provided on a surface side opposite to the light receiving side surface of the transparent substrate and for reflecting light passed through the transparent substrate to the PIN type diode.

Abstract: A display device includes a first layer having an optically active display portion, a second layer including a photovoltaic element, and a third layer including electronics operatively coupled to the first layer, wherein the electronics are configured to drive the optically active display portion. Further, the second layer is arranged between the first and third layers.

Abstract: A LCD unit includes a reflective area and a transmissive area in each pixel, which are driven by respective drive electrode assemblies. A first substrate and a second substrate that sandwich therebetween a LC layer include respective shied films in the boundary area between the reflective area and the transmissive area.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a patterned layer on a substrate with a print head unit includes mounting a print head unit to an ink-jet device, the print head unit including at least two side print heads and one central print head, the print heads each comprising a nozzle line, rotationally moving at least one of the side print heads relative to the central pint head to achieve parallelism, rotating the print head unit around a rotating axis perpendicular to the substrate, linearly moving the side print heads along the respective nozzle line thereof to correspond to pitches of the nozzles and that of the cells on the substrate, depositing ink into the cells on the substrate, and solidifying the ink so as to form a patterned layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A reflective display includes a display cell having a light incident wall, a second wall, and a reflective layer. A cholesteric liquid crystal fluid is disposed within the display cell between the light incident wall and the reflective layer and a plurality of pigment particles are movably suspended within the cholesteric liquid crystal fluid.

Abstract: At least one exemplary embodiment is directed to a reflective liquid crystal display apparatus which includes a polarization beam splitter having a polarization split film used as both a polarizer and an analyzer; a reflective liquid crystal display device; a quarter wave plate; and a projection optical system; where the absolute value of phase difference of diffracted light generated by the reflective liquid crystal display device in a black display state is reduced by the phase difference of the quarter wave plate, and thus the amount of stray light of the diffracted light guided from the polarizing beam splitter to the projection optical system decreases.

Abstract: A multidimensional display apparatus includes a main display screen divided into at least three display areas including a first centre display area and at least two surrounded display areas, at least two reflective elements, and at least three display surfaces. The reflective elements are arranged above and inclined with respect to the second display areas, and a reflection surface of each of the reflective elements faces the corresponding second display area. One of the display surfaces is above the first display area, and the other two are corresponding to the second display areas, facing the reflection surfaces of the reflective elements. The contents displayed on the first display area is viewable on the display surface above, and the contents displayed on the second display areas are reflected by the corresponding reflection surfaces of the reflective elements and viewable on the other two display surfaces.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a wide color reproduction range is provided. A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal panel driven based on image signals, a light source emitting light for illuminating the liquid crystal panel, and a light selective transmission filter, which has wavelength selective transmission characteristics corresponding to spectral characteristics of the light source, selectively transmits light generated from the light source in the specific wavelength regions based on the wavelength selective transmission characteristics, and guides the transmitted light to the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A pixel structure, a 3D image/multiple view liquid crystal display device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The pixel structure comprises a first substrate, a second substrate being parallel with the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a reflecting structure, and a light angle control structure. The reflecting structure is disposed on the first substrate, and the light angle control structure is disposed on the second substrate. The light angle control structure is configured to reflect a light entering from the first substrate to the reflecting structure, and the reflecting structure is configured to reflect the light again such that the light exits from the pixel structure in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate including a transmission part and a reflection part; a common electrode disposed on the transmission part and the reflection part; a plurality of first pixel electrodes disposed on the transmission part and having a first electrode direction; a plurality of second pixel electrodes disposed on the reflection part and having a second electrode direction, the first electrode direction and the second electrode direction creating an acute angle; a second substrate facing the first substrate; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate; a first electrode on a first face of the first substrate; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate; a second electrode on a first face of the second substrate, the second electrode corresponding to the first electrode; and a liquid crystal structure between the first substrate and the second substrate, the liquid crystal structure including liquid crystal capsules.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display panel capable of performing data programming and/or data erasing via a polarized light is provided. The reflective liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a transflective film, a retarder and a polarizer. The second substrate is disposed over the first substrate. The liquid crystal layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate and an optical aligned material is doped in the liquid crystal layer. The transflective film is disposed below the first substrate, and the transflective film allows the polarized light to pass through, so that the orientation of the optical aligned material doped liquid crystal layer can be controlled by the polarized light. The transflective film reflects external light source. The retarder is disposed between the transflective film and the first substrate. The polarizer is disposed on the second substrate.

Abstract: A transflective type LCD including: a substrate in which a pixel region having a reflection region and a transmission region are defined; a gate line and a data line crossing each other on the substrate to define the pixel region; a TFT (thin film transistor) formed at the crossing of the gate line and the data line; a transparent electrode formed in the pixel region and connected to a drain electrode of the TFT; a storage electrode formed on the gate line; a reflective electrode formed in the reflection region; and an insulation layer with a protrusion pattern formed in the reflection region, wherein the insulation layer in the reflection region is in between the transparent electrode and the reflective electrode.

Abstract: A display device includes silver-molybdenum alloy electrodes having high reflectivity despite annealing temperatures. The display may have a first display substrate, a second display substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The first display substrate includes signal-applying modules (e.g., TFTs) disposed on a first substrate each including an output terminal configured to output a data signal, a patterned insulation layer having contact holes that expose the output terminals, and silver-molybdenum alloy electrodes (made of silver and molybdenum) electrically connected to the output terminals. The silver-molybdenum alloy electrode is employed in the display device, thereby increasing reflectivity of the display device and improving display quality of an image displayed by the display device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including: a liquid crystal display element that includes a liquid crystal layer, and an upper substrate and a lower substrate opposed to each other via the liquid crystal layer, a plurality of liquid crystal display elements being stacked; wherein a condensing direction of a reflected light by directional control in at least one of the liquid crystal display elements is different from a condensing direction of a reflected light by directional control in at least one of another liquid crystal display elements.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal substrate in which a matrix of reflecting electrodes is formed on a substrate, a transistor is formed corresponding to each reflective electrode and a voltage is applied to the reflective electrode through the transistor. A silicon oxide film having a thickness of 500 to 2,000 angstroms is used as the passivation film and the thickness is set to a value in response to the wavelength of the incident light to maintain a substantially constant reflectance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reflective displays and processes for their manufacture.

Abstract: A method of adapting a visual unit having a first screen (10) in a first focal plant by the addition of one or more at least partially transparent display screens (20) at least partially overlapping said first screen (10) and located in focal planes distinct from said first focal plane, characterized in that an at least partially transparent emissive layer (21) is provided between said first screen (10) and at least one said additional display screen (20).

Abstract: A display panel, a display device, and a terminal device, which can achieve a high image quality by decreasing deterioration of the image quality that may be caused due to combining a reflection plate including an uneven structure with an image distributing device, are provided. The display panel includes a lenticular lens for distributing light emitted from each of pixels towards different directions from each other along an arranging direction (a first direction) of a pixel for displaying an image for a first viewpoint and a pixel for displaying an image for a second viewpoint within a pixel unit, wherein a reflection plate including an uneven structure is formed in each of the pixels, and a layout pattern of the uneven structure on the reflection plate is different to the lenticular lens.

Abstract: An LCD device includes a reflective area in each pixel. A reflection film having a convex-concave surface is provided in the reflective area, film in cross section configuration is formed. Each pixel includes a pixel electrode and a common electrode for applying a lateral electric field on a LC layer. The inclination angle of the reflection film has an inclination angle distribution, wherein the angle component in an area corresponding to the electrodes has a lower angle distribution than the angle components in an area corresponding to a gap between adjacent two of the electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a LCD device providing wide viewing angle display and having an improved transmittance and contrast ratio. The present invention is a liquid crystal display device including: a first substrate; a liquid crystal layer; and a second substrate in this order toward a display face, wherein each of the first and second substrates includes a polarizer and a transparent electrode, the first substrate includes a reflector, the liquid crystal layer contains a liquid crystal material with negative dielectric anisotropy, at least one of the first and second substrates includes a ?/4 retarder including a dielectric material, the ?/4 retarder is arranged to overlap with the reflector when viewed from the display face, and the ?/4 retarder is arranged on a liquid crystal side of the transparent electrode.

Abstract: In a lamp unit (1), a conductive section (2) is formed by directly extending a layer structure of a reflective member (42) from (i) one end of a square U-shape of a part of the reflective member (42) that is closest to a power feeding section for feeding power to the lamp unit (1) toward (ii) a light emission side of the lamp unit (1) and further folding back the extended portion 180 degrees in a direction opposite to the direction that it extends from the reflective member (42). The conductive section (2) is provided with a screw hole (2a) through which the reflective member is connected to another object. This achieves a lamp unit in which, even if a reflective member is fixed to another object with a screw for conduction with an external conductor, a reflective layer is less likely to peel off.

Abstract: A difference of work functions in different metal thin films is suppressed without causing the increase of the manufacturing steps or the decrease of the optical performance. In a semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal display apparatus 1 including a reflective electrode 62 and a transmissive electrode 63 in the pixel electrode 64, the surface of the reflective electrode 62 is subject to a plasma treatment, so that the work function of the reflective electrode 62 is controlled by changing by a value of 0.1 eV from the original value. Thus, it is possible to place the work function of the reflective electrode 62 within a difference of ±0.2 eV with respect to the work function of the transmissive electrode 63. As a result, a number of the manufacturing steps is not increased or no optical performance is decreased, unlike conventional liquid crystal display apparatuses.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal element having a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode which control alignment of liquid crystal molecules by applying an electric field in a direction parallel to a surface of a substrate to a liquid crystal layer, a memory circuit which is disposed in a pixel circuit and which serves as a voltage source of a first voltage and a second voltage, and an application voltage inverting circuit which is disposed in the pixel circuit and which inverts voltages applied to the liquid crystal element by controlling each of the first voltage and the second voltage so as to be supplied to either the first pixel electrode or the second pixel electrode of the liquid crystal element.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates. The liquid crystal display device further includes a gate line on the first substrate, a first insulation film on the gate line, a data line crossing the gate line such that the data line and the gate line define a pixel region with a transmission area and a reflection area, a thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the data line, a storage capacitor including a storage line crossing the data line and an upper storage electrode connected to the thin film transistor, a second insulation film on the thin film transistor with a transmission hole defined through the second insulation film, a reflection electrode disposed on the second insulation film in the reflection area and connected to a portion of the upper storage electrode through the transmission hole, and a pixel electrode disposed in the pixel region and connected to the reflection electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having reduced power consumption. The liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal display panel having a plurality of pixels and a plurality of pixel memories. A pixel voltage is stored in a pixel memory in an on screen display (OSD) region of the liquid crystal display panel for displaying a still image for a long period of time and driving a liquid crystal cell by the stored pixel voltage. Also, the power consumption of the liquid crystal display can be reduced by using a NAND gate or a NOR gate as a circuit element for alternating a voltage between low level and high level so as to store a pixel voltage in a pixel memory of the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A pixel array substrate is disclosed. The reflective pixel array substrate can be made by utilizing five photo masks only. The reflective pixel array substrate includes a substrate, a thin film transistor, a reflective electrode, an insulating layer and numerous protruding bumps. The step between the protrusion bump and the substrate cause the reflective electrode thereon to have a corrugated structure. The gate electrode of the thin film transistor and the protruding bumps are made of a same conductive layer. The drain electrode connects the reflective electrode, and the drain electrode and the reflective electrode are made of a same conductive layer.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal substrate in which a matrix of reflecting electrodes is formed on a substrate, a transistor is formed corresponding to each reflective electrode and a voltage is applied to the reflective electrode through the transistor. A silicon oxide film having a thickness of 500 to 2,000 angstroms is used as the passivation film and the thickness is set to a value in response to the wavelength of the incident light to maintain a substantially constant reflectance.

Abstract: The active matrix substrate includes: a plurality of switching elements provided on an insulating substrate; a plurality of lines provided on the insulating substrate and connected to the switching elements; an interlayer insulating film covering the switching elements and the lines; a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on the interlayer insulating film; and a plurality of terminals connected to the lines and placed with a predetermined spacing. At least part of each of the terminals is not covered with the interlayer insulating film. A reflection layer configured to reflect light is provided in a region that is at least part of each gap between the adjacent terminals and includes an edge of the interlayer insulating film, as viewed from the normal to the surface of the insulating substrate.

Abstract: Disclination of an active matrix liquid crystal display device is reduced. Portions of pixel electrodes are formed so as to mutually overlap with a convex portion. If the height of the convex portion is too tall, the amount of light leakage increases due to liquid crystals orienting diagonally with respect to a substrate surface. (See FIG. 1C.) If the height of the convex portion is low, the disclination reduction effect is low. The optimal convex portion height is thus determined.

Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment, a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) structure includes a number of pixel electrodes overlying an interlayer dielectric, where diagonally adjacent pixel electrodes are separated by a gap. The LCoS structure further includes a self-planarizing passivation dielectric situated over the pixel electrodes and in the gap, where the self-planarizing passivation dielectric has a selected thickness. The self-planarizing passivation dielectric can be an Oxide-Nitride-Oxide (ONO) stack. The selected thickness of the self-planarizing passivation dielectric causes the self-planarizing passivation dielectric to have a substantially planar top surface. In one embodiment, the thickness of the self-planarizing passivation dielectric can be approximately equal to twice a width of the gap.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, comprising a lower alignment film formed on a lower substrate; an upper alignment film formed on an upper substrate; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the lower and upper substrates; a phase compensation film adhered on the outer surface of the upper substrate; and a polarizer adhered on the phase compensation film wherein the lower alignment film has an alignment angle of ?10 to 20° with respect to a horizontal line, the upper alignment film has an alignment angle of 40 to 55° with respect to a horizontal line, the liquid crystal layer has a phase delay value (d?n) of 0.24-0.27 ?m, the phase compensation film has a phase compensation function of ?/4 and also has an optical axis making 140-146° with a horizontal line, and the polarizer has a absorption axis making 120 to 122.5° with a horizontal line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having one surface on which a first electrode is provided, a second substrate which is provided with a second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer which is interposed between the first and second substrates. Negative dielectric anisotropy homeotropic aligning films are formed on mutually faced surfaces of the first and second electrodes, respectively. A pair of polarizing plates are arranged on a side of the other surface opposite to the one surface of each substrate. A pair of optical compensation layers are arranged respectively between the other surfaces of the substrates and the polarizing plates, and give a retardation having a value which is substantially ¼ of a wavelength ? of transmitted visible light to the transmitted visible light.