Abstract: A display device including: first, second and third substrates, where the second substrate is between the first and third substrates; a light amount controlling layer between the first and second substrates; a color providing layer between the second and third substrates; a light source unit which provides light; and a light guide plate disposed below the first substrate, where the light guide plate guides the light from the light source to the first substrate, where the light amount controlling layer and the color providing layer include pixels corresponding to each other, light from the light guide plate and passed through a pixel of the light amount controlling layer to pass through an adjacent pixel of the color providing layer, and the pixels of the color providing layer include a color conversion region and a transparent region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates. The first substrate includes first to N-th 1st retardation plates arranged on the first transparent substrate, and the second substrate includes first to N-th 2nd retardation plates arranged on the second transparent substrate. Assuming that a retardation plate among the first to N-th 1st retardation plates has an optical axis arranged at a first angle relative to a reference direction and a retardation plate among the first to N-th 2nd retardation plates, corresponding to the retardation plate among the first to N-th 1st retardation plates, has an optical axis arranged at a second angle relative to the reference direction, the first and second angles are different from each other by about 90 degrees.

Abstract: A display device and an electrical apparatus are disclosed. The display device comprises a first substrate, an optical enhance layer, a display layer, a first electrode and a second electrode. The first substrate includes a plurality of pixel areas. The optical enhance layer is formed on the first substrate and includes a plurality of even structures and a plurality of uneven structures, wherein for each pixel area, one of the even structures corresponds to a portion of the pixel area, and one of the uneven structures corresponds to the rest portion of the pixel area. The first electrode is formed on the optical enhance layer. The display layer is formed on the first electrode. The second electrode is formed on the display layer. The display device is applicable to the electrical apparatus.

Abstract: A display device and a method of manufacturing the same. The display device includes: a substrate; and a reflection member that is disposed on a surface of the substrate and has a first thickness in a first reflection region corresponding to a light-emitting region and a second thickness in a second reflection region corresponding to a non-light-emitting region.

Abstract: The present application discloses a display panel, comprising: a first substrate, a second substrate, and a blue phase liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate and the second substrate are adapted to generate an electric field in a first direction perpendicular to the display panel. An optical path diverting device is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, the optical path diverting device is configured so that a light entering the blue phase liquid crystal layer in the first direction from the first substrate is diverted to propagate in the blue phase liquid crystal layer in a second direction parallel to the display panel, and then the light propagating in the second direction is diverted to pass through the blue phase liquid crystal layer and exit from the second substrate in the first direction.

Abstract: A photoluminescent panel includes a lower substrate, an upper substrate facing the lower substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate, and a color conversion layer disposed on the upper substrate. The color conversion layer includes a light excitation particle which absorbs light having a desired wavelength and emits excited light, and a scattering particle which scatters the excited light.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal substrate in which a matrix of reflecting electrodes is formed on a substrate, a transistor is formed corresponding to each reflective electrode and a voltage is applied to the reflective electrode through the transistor. A silicon oxide film having a thickness of 500 to 2,000 angstroms is used as the passivation film and the thickness is set to a value in response to the wavelength of the incident light to maintain a substantially constant reflectance.

Abstract: A touch panel sensor with which unevenness of interference can be reduced is provided. A touch panel sensor of the present invention includes a film base material, a first transparent electrode pattern formed on a first face of the film base material, a first adhesive layer laminated on the first face of the film base material so as to cover the first transparent electrode pattern, a second transparent electrode pattern formed on a second face of the film base material, and a second adhesive layer laminated on the second face of the film base material so as to cover the second transparent electrode pattern, and the film base material has an in-plane phase difference of ?/4 with respect to a wavelength ? in the visible light region.

Abstract: Provided is a light-emitting device exhibiting a high light-emission efficiency and moreover may utilize an external light radiating from the back side. A light-emitting device has a light-emitting element and a reflective layer reflecting light emitted from the light-emitting element. The reflective layer has a first layer constituted from a liquid crystal having a helical structure; a second layer disposed on opposite side of the first layer from the light-emitting element, and constituted from a liquid crystal having a helical structure with the same twisting direction as the first layer; and a third layer interposed therebetween to divide a light transmitted through the third layer itself into two intrinsic polarized lights causing a phase difference between the two intrinsic polarized lights.

Abstract: A mirror system, comprising a spectrally selective liquid crystal reflective assembly, designed and constructed to substantially absorb or transmit light at wavelengths corresponding to mesopic conditions, while reflecting light at other wavelengths. In one embodiment, the reflectance level of the mirror system is altered in response to a voltage applied across the selective liquid crystal reflective assembly.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel configured to display an image in an upward direction and a reflective panel on the display panel, the reflective panel configured to selectively transmit or reflect light with respect to an area corresponding to the image.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display device presenting a reduced color addition and an improved bright room contrast. The liquid crystal display panel of the present invention includes wirings made of a metal having at least 90% reflection over a wavelength region within the visible light region, where the reflectance of the liquid crystal panel over a wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm at the display surface is no greater than 150% of the reflectance at the wavelength of 550 nm at the display surface.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention disclose a transflective liquid crystal panel based on ADS display mode and a display device. Each pixel unit is provided with a transmissive region and a reflective region, a thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the transmissive region is larger than that of liquid crystal layer in the reflective region. Moreover, an optical retardation film and a reflection layer are disposed in a region corresponding to the reflective region; wherein the optical retardation film is adapted for compensating optical retardation caused by a difference in the thicknesses of the liquid crystal layer in the transmissive and reflective regions.

Abstract: A 2D/3D switchable backlight unit and an image display device employing the same are provided. The 2D/3D switchable backlight unit includes a light source, a light guide plate in which light emitted from the light source is total-internal-reflected, and a switch array comprising a plurality of switches that selectively contact a first surface of the light guide plate and emit light by frustrated total internal reflection inside the light guide plate. In 2D mode, each of the switches contacts the first surface of the light guide plate. In 3D mode, some of the switches contact the first surface of the light guide plate.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display including a transparent pixel electrode and a transparent common electrode in a pixel region to drive liquid crystals. The transparent common electrode includes a plurality of slits and is configured to open at least a portion of a switching device to connect unit pixels, the slits have an angle of 5 to 10° with respect to a gate line, and a rubbing direction of a liquid crystal layer is substantially parallel to a gate direction. Therefore, it is possible to provide the liquid crystal display capable of removing factors decreasing an aperture ratio, preventing light from leaking, and further improving internal reflection.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) display comprises a transparent substrate, a reflective substrate, and liquid crystal fluid between the substrates. The LCOS display further comprises a matrix of pixels, arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, wherein an intersection of a row and a column defines a position of a pixel in the matrix. The LCOS display has tilt angles sufficient to overcome disclinations due to fringe fields, and, at the same time, achieves high contrast. The surface azimuthal direction of the molecules of the liquid crystal fluid is either substantially parallel or perpendicular to the direction of polarization of incoming incident linearly polarized light. Light leakage is minimal because the effective birefringence as seen by the incoming incident linearly polarized light is substantially zero and does not depend on the pretilt of the molecules of the liquid crystal fluid.

Abstract: A reflective device wherein the device reflectivity is adjustable via automatic or manual means. The variable reflectance element includes a metallic mirror reflector on one side of a substrate and additional substrate layers consisting of a polarizer and a LCD whose material characteristics have been optimized for dimming. The mirror assembly provides alternate trigger mechanisms for initiating the dimming function, the dimming function being automatically referenced to ambient light levels (day or night) or manually adjusted or selected. In the automatic mode the dimming mirror assembly provides the user immediate eye protection from reflected high intensity glare by effecting near instantaneous adjustment in mirror reflectivity, such that the intensity of the reflected light impinging on the eyes is automatically adjusted so as to be at comfortable levels. The mirror assembly construction is in one piece, and allows the viewing of a display or TFT monitor located adjacent to the mirror.

Abstract: A touch display apparatus including a light guide plate, a light emitting module, a display panel, a plurality of prism structures, an image transmission unit, and an image detector is provided. The light guide plate has a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a light incident surface connecting the first surface and the second surface. The light emitting module includes at least one visible light source and at least one invisible light source. The prism structures are disposed between the first surface and the display panel. The image transmission unit includes a wedge portion and a light guide portion. The wedge portion is disposed between the prism structures and the display panel. The image detector is disposed beside the light guide portion for receiving the invisible light beam from the light guide portion. A backlight module is also provided.

Abstract: A display panel comprises a first and a second substrates and a BP liquid crystal layer. A first electrode is provided on the first substrate, a second electrode is provided on the second substrate, and reflection portions each having a first and a second reflection surfaces are provided between the first and second substrates. When light is transmitted to the panel, the light is reflected on the first reflection surface of the reflection portion and the light after the first reflection is transmitted to an adjacent reflection portion through the liquid crystal layer and is reflected on the second reflection surface of the adjacent reflection portion. When different voltages are applied, the liquid crystal layer will shift the phase position of the light passing therethrough, while when there is no voltage, the liquid crystal layer will not shift the phase position of the light passing therethrough.

Abstract: Techniques are provided to drive a normally white or mixed mode LCD with low voltages and low power consumption. A sub-pixel in the LCD may comprise a reflective part and a transmissive part. The cell gap for a liquid crystal layer in the sub-pixel may provide at least a half-wave phase retardation. A driving voltage range with a maximum voltage at a low value may be used to drive the reflective part and the transmissive part of the sub-pixel to various levels of brightness.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflective plate that includes a first reflective part having a predetermined surface roughness and a second reflective part having a surface roughness that is less than the predetermined surface roughness of the first reflective part. The invention also provides a reflective plate that is capable of supplying a liquid crystal panel with substantially uniform light.

Abstract: Reflection efficiency of reflected light is improved and white display is efficiently performed in a liquid crystal display device which performs display by reflecting incident external light. A liquid crystal display device with higher visibility and higher image quality is provided. White display is performed utilizing reflected light which is efficiently scattered with the use of a pixel electrode layer whose surface has depressions and projections, whereby reflection efficiency of the reflected light can be improved and white display can be efficiently performed. Further, a liquid crystal display device with higher visibility and higher image quality can be provided.

Abstract: A Liquid Crystal (LC) panel includes a substrate and a plurality of metal layers. The substrate has a reflective area, and the metal layers are formed on the substrate. A first reflective metal layer is formed on a surface of the metal layers within a reflective area, and is processed by a mask procedure to form a plurality of first reflective bumps. A second reflective metal layer is formed on the first reflective bumps, and is processed by a mask procedure to form a plurality of second reflective bumps located between the first reflective bumps. The second reflective bumps are higher than the first reflective bumps, so as to form a reflective metal layer having an uneven surface with vertical mismatch.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, barriers for reflective pixels electrodes of display devices and methods are disclosed. In one such embodiment, a reflective spatial light modulator for a display device has a plurality of reflective pixel electrodes. Each reflective pixel electrode may include a conductor, a tantalum containing barrier over the conductor, and a conductive reflector over the conductive barrier.

Abstract: Transflective-type and reflection type liquid crystal display devices having a high image quality are provided with a good production efficiency. A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal display device which includes; a first substrate and a second substrate between which liquid crystal is interposed; a first electrode and a second electrode formed on the first substrate for applying a voltage for controlling an orientation of the liquid crystal; a transistor having an electrode which is electrically connected to the first electrode; a metal layer being formed on the first substrate and including a protrusion, a recess, or an aperture; and a reflective layer formed above the metal layer on the first substrate for reflecting incident light toward a display surface. The metal layer is made of a same material as that of a gate electrode of the transistor.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display including: a lower display panel including a lower insulating substrate and a lower reflective layer; an upper display panel including an upper insulating substrate and an upper reflective layer; a liquid crystal layer positioned between the lower reflective layer of the lower display panel and the upper reflective layer of the upper display panel; and a backlight unit positioned on a lower portion of the lower display panel and including a light source, wherein a pair of field generating electrodes are formed in at least one display panel of the lower display panel and the upper display panel, wherein microcavities are formed in the lower reflective layer, the upper reflective layer, and the liquid crystal layer, and wherein a wavelength and luminance of light resonated and emitted in the microcavities are changed by an electric field generated by the field generating electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel capable of reducing a capacitance of a parasitic capacitor between a data line and a pixel electrode. The liquid crystal display panel comprises: a thin film transistor at a crossing of a gate line and a data line, liquid crystal cells including a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor; first shield patterns in the liquid crystal cells, each shield pattern being parallel to the data line without overlapping the data line, wherein the shield patterns are insulated from and overlap with an outer portion of the pixel electrode; and a common line arrayed to connect the shield patterns for each the liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, a plurality of reflective electrodes, a counter electrode facing the reflective electrode, and a liquid crystal layer. The reflective electrodes are provided for each of the pixels, and each of them includes a plurality of electrodes, with a combination of the areas of which area coverage modulation is performed by using n bits. The electrodes are configured such that a ratio of the sum of the perimeter(s) of electrode(s) corresponding to each bit of the n bits satisfies 1:2: . . . :2n-1. The liquid crystal layer is provided between the reflective electrode and the counter electrode. The semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device is configured to carry out reflective display using the reflective electrode and carry out transmissive display using at least a space of the reflective electrode between the pixels.

Abstract: A reflective-electrode-side substrate of a reflective-type liquid crystal panel substrate has a pixel region including a pixel electrode, reflecting part, a light shielding film, and a switching element. A periphery region in the periphery of the pixel region outside of the pixel region includes a driving circuit that includes at least one switching element, and a wiring layer that is electrically connected to the at least one switching element. The switching elements may consist of transistors. This configuration can reduce the amount of light leaking through spaces between pixel electrodes and prevent adverse effects on image quality.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device capable of dealing with highly definition display and securing both of transmission type display luminance and reflection type display luminance, wherein the Cs on-gate structure is adopted, and a light reflectance is set to be in a range of 1% or more and 30% or less and a light transmittance is set to be in a range of 4% or more and 10% or less on the display panel formed by arranging in matrix a plurality of pixel regions 4 having a reflection region A for reflection type display by reflection of an ambient light and a transmission region B for transmission type display by transmission of light from a light source provided inside.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) display comprises a transparent substrate, a reflective substrate, and liquid crystal fluid between the substrates. The LCOS display further comprises a matrix of pixels, arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, wherein an intersection of a row and a column defines a position of a pixel in the matrix. The LCOS display has tilt angles sufficient to overcome disclinations due to fringe fields, and, at the same time, achieves high contrast. The surface azimuthal direction of the molecules of the liquid crystal fluid is either substantially parallel or perpendicular to the direction of polarization of incoming incident linearly polarized light. Light leakage is minimal because the effective birefringence as seen by the incoming incident linearly polarized light is substantially zero and does not depend on the pretilt of the molecules of the liquid crystal fluid.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel and method are disclosed for increasing optical efficiency in the panel by using a reflector with a high fill factor and arranging an array of transparent pixel electrodes between the reflector and a layer of liquid crystal.

Abstract: A transparent display device and a driving method thereof. The transparent display device includes a light guide plate transmitting incident light impinging from its exterior or its back surface and reflecting backlight light impinging from its side surface to its front surface; and an active reflector disposed on the back surface of the light guide plate. The active reflector includes a cholesteric liquid crystal layer transmitting the incident light in a planar phase in a transparent mode.

Abstract: A reflective display apparatus includes a transparent substrate, a reflective substrate, a display layer and a transparent gluing layer. The transparent gluing layer is disposed between the transparent substrate and the display layer and the refractive indices of the transparent gluing layer and of the transparent substrate are substantially the same. Therefore, the energy loss of light can be reduced at the interface between the transparent gluing layer and the transparent substrate, so the brightness of the image displayed by the reflective display apparatus may be increased.

Abstract: Provided are reflective liquid crystal displays and methods of fabricating the same. the displays may include may include a first substrate, a reflective layer on the first substrate, a first electrodes on the reflective layer, a first insulating layer on the first electrodes, a second substrate facing the first substrate, a second electrode on the second substrate, a second insulating layer on the second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer. The second insulating layer has concavo-convex portions, which may be formed in contact with the liquid crystal layer to improve linearity of an incident light propagating from the second substrate toward the reflective layer and a reflected light propagating from the reflective layer toward the second substrate.

Abstract: A variable optical attenuator includes a collimating unit that collimates an incident light beam, a polarization splitting member that separates the collimated light beam into a first polarized light beam having a first polarization and a second polarized light beam having a second polarization, a birefringence control unit through which the first and second polarized light beams pass, the birefringence control unit including a liquid crystal cell having a birefringence is controlled by a voltage or current, wherein the birefringence of the liquid crystal cell is substantially zero when no voltage or current is applied thereto, and a reflection member that reflects the first and second polarized light beams output from the birefringence control unit. The variable optical attenuator has high stability, high precision, and low volume.

Abstract: A liquid crystal smectic A composition that can be switched by the application of different electric fields across it between a first stable state (left hand block in FIG. 4) and at least one second stable state (right hand block in FIG. 4) in which the composition is less ordered than in the first state. The radiation transmission properties of the first and second states are different.

Abstract: A display device is disclosed. The display device includes: a display panel including a display surface and a peripheral area surrounding the display surface, a transparent plate covering the display surface and the peripheral area, a resin layer disposed between the display panel and the transparent plate, and hardened by light, and a reflective layer provided between the transparent plate and the resin layer, along the peripheral area of the display panel.

Abstract: The TFT substrate includes a pixel electrode and a common electrode laminated one on top of another via an insulating layer, one of the pixel electrode and the common electrode provided farther from the liquid crystal layer being formed into a plane shape, and another of the pixel electrode and the common electrode provided closer to the liquid crystal layer having slits formed therein, each of the plurality of slits having a closed end portion. The liquid crystal display panel further includes a reflection portion for reflecting light, the reflection portion being formed at a surface of the liquid crystal display panel on the illumination device side in a portion which overlaps, in plan view, the end portion of the each of the slits in the long-side direction and a vicinity thereof, and a part of an inner region of the each of the slits.

Abstract: In the liquid crystal display device in which a guest-host liquid crystal layer is provided between a first substrate having a reflective film which is a pixel electrode layer (also referred to as a first electrode layer) and a second substrate having a common electrode layer (also referred to as a second electrode layer), the reflective film which is a pixel electrode layer is projected into the liquid crystal layer, and a micron-sized first unevenness and a nano-sized second unevenness on the first unevenness are provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a support main having a rectangular frame shape, a reflection sheet in the support main, a light guide plate over the reflection sheet, a light-emitting diode (LED) assembly including a plurality of LEDs arranged along a side surface of the light guide plate, a reflection tape covering the LED assembly and the side surface of the light guide plate, a plurality of optical sheets over the light guide plate, a liquid crystal panel over the plurality of optical sheets, a cover bottom at a rear surface of the reflection sheet and having at least one side wall, and a top cover covering edges of a front surface of the liquid crystal and combined with the support main and the cover bottom, wherein the reflection tape contacts the at least one side wall.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device in which a horizontal electric field is applied to a liquid crystal layer of a transflective type. Spacers are disposed to set a distance between substrates and to prevent deterioration of display quality by eliminating thickness non-uniformity of an alignment layer due to the presence of a retardation layer. Slits are provided in the retardation layer regions to prevent deterioration of display quality by preventing dissolution and flow of an ingredient of the retardation layer to the liquid crystal layer side through the alignment layers.

Abstract: A method includes applying at least one medium to a substrate with a printing device to form a symbol. The perceived reflectance properties of the symbol are provided by an amount of the at least one medium applied to the substrate.

Abstract: The active matrix substrate includes: a plurality of switching elements provided on an insulating substrate; a plurality of lines provided on the insulating substrate and connected to the switching elements; an interlayer insulating film covering the switching elements and the lines; a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on the interlayer insulating film; and a plurality of terminals connected to the lines and placed with a predetermined spacing. At least part of each of the terminals is not covered with the interlayer insulating film. A reflection layer configured to reflect light is provided in a region that is at least part of each gap between the adjacent terminals and includes an edge of the interlayer insulating film, as viewed from the normal to the surface of the insulating substrate.

Abstract: A backlight assembly capable of reducing light loss is presented. The backlight assembly includes a plurality of substrate units and a plurality of reflective members on the substrate units arranged to form an adjacent area where two reflective members are closest to each other. The adjacent area is on one of the substrate units. A display device incorporating the backlight assembly is also presented.

Abstract: Disclination of an active matrix liquid crystal display device is reduced. Portions of pixel electrodes are formed so as to mutually overlap with a convex portion. If the height of the convex portion is too tall, the amount of light leakage increases due to liquid crystals orienting diagonally with respect to a substrate surface. (See FIG. 1C.) If the height of the convex portion is low, the disclination reduction effect is low. The optimal convex portion height is thus determined.

Abstract: A reflector for reflecting incident light from outside includes an insulating film being formed on a substrate and including multiple concavities and convexities, and a metal film formed on the insulating film. Respective convex portions constituting the multiple concavities and convexities are formed into shapes in which positions of peak portions relative to the entire convex portions are tilted in one direction when viewed from a direction of a normal line of the substrate.

Abstract: A normally-black active-matrix-type liquid crystal display device comprises a first substrate having color layers of three or more colors and a second substrate on which an active-matrix array is formed. The first substrate has a structure, which is devoid of a black matrix, in which the color layers are stacked in a frame portion surrounding the display area. A first light-shielding layer in which color layers of three of more colors are stacked is formed on the frame portion on a side of the display area from which scanning lines are led out and on a side of the display area from which data lines are led out, from among four sides of the display area. A second light-shielding layer in which color layers of two colors are built up is formed on the frame portion on at least one side of the other remaining sides of the display area.

Abstract: An automatic darkening and glare reducing liquid crystal mirror for vehicles is disclosed. The mirror has a front substrate (101) of transparent glass or plastic and a back substrate (109) of glass or plastic with a highly reflective or transflective mirrored coating (108). The front and back substrates are spaced apart a small distance to define a liquid crystal cell between the substrates and a liquid crystal fluid (106) incorporating dichroic dyes is contained within the liquid crystal cell. A conductive thin film (102) is applied onto the interior surface of the front substrate and the reflective or transflective coating (108) of the back substrate also is conductive. An alignment compound is deposited on the conductive thin film (102) and on the reflective or transflective coating (108) and the alignment compound bounds the liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal panel; a first polarizing film and a second polarizing film on a bottom surface and a top surface, respectively, of the liquid crystal panel; a backlight unit below the first polarizing film; and a titanium oxide film on the second polarizing film and that transmits one of right-handed circularly polarized light and left-handed circularly polarized light and reflects the other, with a predetermined wavelength, of the right-handed circularly polarized light and the left-handed circularly polarized light.