Abstract: Provided is a privacy protection film. The privacy protection film includes a transparent base substrate, a light control layer disposed on the transparent base substrate and including a plurality of optical pattern structures each having an upwardly protruding prism shape, a first electrode disposed on the light control layer, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, and a variable light diffusion layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and formed of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC).

Abstract: The present specification provides a multi-layer liquid crystal film including: a substrate; a first alignment film provided on the substrate; a first liquid crystal film provided on the first alignment film; a second alignment film provided on the first liquid crystal film and comprising a multifunctional acrylate; and a second liquid crystal film provided on the second alignment film, and a method for manufacturing a polarizing plate, including: laminating the multi-layer liquid crystal film to a polarizer, and peeling off the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a phase difference film formed of a resin containing a polymer having crystallizability, and having an NZ factor of less than 1. A production method of the phase different film includes: bonding a second film to one or both surfaces of a first film formed of a resin containing the polymer having crystallizability and having a glass transition temperature Tg (° C.) and a melting point Tm (° C.), to obtain a third film, the second film having a shrinkage percentage in at least one direction at (Tg+30)° C. of 5% or more and 50% or less; heating the third film to Tg° C. or higher and (Tg+3)° C. or lower to obtain a fourth film; and heating the fourth film to (Tg+50)° C. or higher and (Tm?40)° C. or lower.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel is described. In an embodiment, the liquid crystal display panel includes: a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer; a first linear polarizer disposed at a side of the first substrate away from the liquid crystal layer; a first quarter-wave plate disposed between the first substrate and the first linear polarizer, where an angle between a slow axis of the first quarter-wave plate and an absorption axis of the first linear polarizer is 45° or 135°; a first retardation film disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the first quarter-wave plate; a second quarter-wave plate disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the first substrate, where slow axes of the first and second quarter-wave plates are perpendicular; and a second linear polarizer disposed at a side of the second substrate away from the liquid crystal layer, where absorption axes of the first and second linear polarizers are perpendicular.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel is described. In an embodiment, the liquid crystal panel display includes: a first linear polarizer; a second linear polarizer; a first quarter-wave plate disposed between a first substrate and the first linear polarizer, an angle between a slow axis of the first quarter-wave plate and an absorption axis of the first linear polarizer being 45° or 135?; a second quarter-wave plate disposed between a liquid crystal layer and the first substrate, slow axes of the first quarter-wave plate and the second quarter-wave plate being perpendicular, and absorption axes of the first linear polarizer and the second linear polarizer being perpendicular; a first retardation film disposed between the first quarter-wave plate and the second quarter-wave plate; and a second retardation film disposed at a side of the first quarter-wave plate facing away from the first retardation film, or disposed between the second linear polarizer and the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes in the following order from a viewing surface side a first polarizer, a first positive A plate having an in-plane retardation of 120 nm or greater and 155 nm or smaller, a positive C plate having a thickness retardation of 80 nm or greater and 100 nm or smaller, a first substrate, a second positive A plate having an in-plane retardation of 120 nm or greater and 155 nm or smaller, a horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer, a second substrate, a viewing angle compensation layer, and a second polarizer. The device further includes between the first polarizer and the first positive A plate a positive C plate having a thickness retardation of 30 nm or greater and 80 nm or smaller.

Abstract: A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a first orientation state and a second orientation state when a voltage is applied, and a polarizer, wherein each of the first and second polymer film substrates have in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.

Abstract: Optical apparatus comprising a MEMS substrate having a surface; and a stack of optical coatings which is deposited on the MEMS substrate's surface and which modifies at least one property of light impinging on the stack.

Abstract: A wearable augmented reality head-mounted display system can be configured to pass light from the world forward a wearer wearing the head-mounted system into an eye of the wearer. The head-mounted display system can include an optical display that is configured to output light to form an image. The system may include one or more waveguides that are disposed to receiving the light from the display. A variable power reflector can be disposed on the forward side of the one or more waveguides. The reflector can be configured to have an optical power that is adjustable upon application of an electrical signal.

Abstract: This application relates to a laminate which comprises: a first polarization rotation layer; a second polarization rotation layer; and a positive C plate provided between the first polarization rotation layer and the second polarization rotation layer, the first polarization rotation layer comprises a first quarter wave plate, and the second polarization rotation layer comprises a first three-quarter wave plate and a liquid crystal display comprising the same.

Abstract: An example display device includes a display panel to display an image; a backlight unit to provide light to the display panel, the backlight unit including a light emitting unit to emit the light; a light guide plate to transmit the light emitted from the light emitting unit; a pair of electrodes adjacent to the light guide plate; and a polymer layer including liquid crystal molecules within the light guide plate. The liquid crystal molecules are to change orientation upon being introduced to an electric field created by the pair of electrodes to change an opacity of the light guide plate. The display device includes at least one film to collimate and direct light from the backlight unit to the display panel; and a processor to switch voltage being applied on/off to the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: An optical system is downsized by reducing a tilt angle of an optical compensating plate including a medium having a small refractive index in the thickness direction, in achieving a predetermined contrast. A liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present technology includes a vertical alignment liquid crystal panel, a first optical compensation unit including a medium having a small refractive index in a thickness direction, and being arranged with being tilted from a state parallel to the liquid crystal panel, at a position at which light having passed through the liquid crystal panel or not having passed through the liquid crystal panel enters, and a second optical compensation unit having refractive index aeolotropy at least in an in-plane direction, and being arranged at a position at which light having passed through the liquid crystal panel or not having passed through the liquid crystal panel enters.

Abstract: Disclosed are a refractive index adjustment structure, a color filter substrate, a display panel and a display apparatus. The refractive index adjustment structure includes an adjustment layer and at least one electrode layer. The adjustment layer and the at least one electrode layer are provided in a stacked manner. The at least one electrode layer is configured to be loaded with an electric signal, and the electric signal is capable of adjusting a refractive index of the adjustment layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an AMOLED display, more specifically, to an AMOLED display employing an ultra-thin all-in-one substrate and an auxiliary supporting means to achieve true foldable display devices.

Abstract: A polarizer including an oriented polymeric first layer is described. The oriented polymeric first layer is preparable from a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and crosslinker where the crosslinker is included in the mixture at 5 to 40 percent by weight based on the total weight of the polyvinyl alcohol and crosslinker. The oriented polymeric first layer is a substantially uniaxially drawn layer, in that for U=(1/MDDR?1)/(TDDR1/2?1), U is at least 0.85, with MDDR being a machine direction draw ratio and TDDR being a transverse direction draw ratio.

Abstract: A display device includes a display module that is folded with respect to a folding axis extending in a first direction, a polarization layer disposed on the display module and having a polarization axis parallel to the first direction, and a phase delay layer disposed on the polarization layer and configured to change linearly polarized light, which passes through the polarization layer, into circularly polarized light.

Abstract: Example display devices include a waveguide configured to propagate visible light under total internal reflection in a direction parallel to a major surface of the waveguide. The waveguide has formed thereon an outcoupling element configured to outcouple a portion of the visible light in a direction normal to the major surface of the waveguide. The example display devices additionally include a polarization-selective notch reflector disposed on a first side of the waveguide and configured to reflect visible light having a first polarization while transmitting the portion of the visible light having a second polarization. The example display devices further include a polarization-independent notch reflector disposed on a second side of the waveguide and configured to reflect visible light having the first polarization and the second polarization, where the polarization-independent notch reflector is configured to convert a polarization of visible light reflecting therefrom.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present disclosure is a polarizing structure, including a pressure sensitive adhesive layer having a smaller refractive index and provided with a plurality of grooves; an optical compensation film having a larger refractive index, on which are provided with a plurality of protruding structures associated with the grooves. Further provided is a display device.

Abstract: A control apparatus includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire optical information, a tilt control unit configured to tilt an image sensor relative to a plane orthogonal to an optical axis of an imaging optical system, and a calculation unit configured to calculate an image shift amount by a phase difference detection method based on a signal from the image sensor and to calculate a defocus amount based on the image shift amount and a conversion coefficient. The calculation unit changes at least one of a correction amount of the signal and the conversion coefficient based on the optical information and a tilt angle that is an angle formed by the image sensor and the plane.

Abstract: An optical device is disclosed. The optical device has an optical path and includes a first polarizing filter positioned in the optical path that is configured to receive electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from a scene and to transmit a first subset of EMR comprising EMR in a first waveband that has a first polarization orientation and EMR in a second waveband. A second polarizing filter is positioned in the optical path downstream of the first polarizing filter that is configured to receive the first subset of EMR and to transmit a second subset of EMR comprising EMR in the second waveband that has a second polarization orientation and the EMR in the first waveband that has the first polarization orientation.

Abstract: A lens includes a substrate with optically anisotropic molecules arranged in helical configurations between first and second surfaces. A first portion of the substrate includes a first helical structure having a first phase and a second helical structure adjacent to the first helical structure having a second phase. A difference between the first and second phases corresponds to a first phase difference. A second portion includes a third helical structure having a third phase and a fourth helical structure adjacent to the third helical structure having a fourth phase. A difference between the third and fourth phases corresponds to a second phase difference. A third portion includes a fifth helical structure having a fifth phase and a sixth helical structure adjacent to the fifth helical structure having a sixth phase. A difference between the fifth and sixth phases corresponds to a third phase difference.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a display device including a first display panel, a second display panel, a polarizer, and a light source unit. The first display panel includes a first liquid crystal layer. The second display panel includes a second liquid crystal layer. The polarizer has an absorption axis which allows absorption of linearly polarized light. The light source unit is opposed to a first end portion of the first display panel and a second end portion of the second display panel. Each of the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer includes streak-like polymers and liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: In the liquid crystal display panel, when no voltage is applied to a liquid crystal layer, a first tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules adjacent to a first vertical alignment film with respect to the first vertical alignment film and a second tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules adjacent to a second vertical alignment film with respect to the second vertical alignment film differ from each other. Any one of the first vertical alignment film and the second vertical alignment film is a photo-alignment film subjected to alignment process such that a plurality of domains, the alignment vectors of which differ from each other, are formed in a region of a display unit. The display unit includes the plurality of domains along a first direction of the display unit in a plan view, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a stacked display panel, a manufacturing method, and a display device. The stacked display panel includes a first display substrate, a second display substrate, and a third display substrate arranged in sequence. A color filter layer is on a side of the second display substrate facing the first display substrate, and a polarizing layer is on a side of the second display substrate facing the third display substrate. A first polarizer is on a side of the first display substrate facing away from the second display substrate, and a transmission axis direction of the first polarizer and a transmission axis direction of the polarizing layer are perpendicular to each other. A second polarizer is on a side of the third display substrate facing away from the second display substrate, and transmission axis directions of the second polarizer and the polarizing layer are perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical device providing refractive Fresnel lens type element control over light passing through an aperture is provided. The device includes a layer of liquid crystal material contained by flat substrates having flat alignment layers; and an arrangement of electrodes configured to provide a spatially varying voltage distribution within a number of lensing zones within said liquid crystal layer. The arrangement of electrodes includes ring-shaped electrodes defining boundaries between Fresnel lensing zones. The liquid crystal optical device is structured to provide a spatial variation in the optical phase delay with an abrupt transition at a boundary between lensing zones to increase the effective aperture of the optical device.

Abstract: Provided is (i) a composition containing at least one kind of polymerizable liquid crystal compound and at least one kind of photopolymerization initiator, the at least one kind of photopolymerization initiator having (i) a maximum absorption at wavelength ?(A) and (ii) a maximum absorption at wavelength ?(B), the at least one kind of polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the at least one kind of photopolymerization initiator satisfying the following: 20 nm<?(B)??max(LC); or 20 nm<?max(LC)??(A), wherein ?max(LC) represents a wavelength at which the at least one kind of polymerizable liquid crystal compound has a maximum absorption, the composition being a composition from which an optically anisotropic layer that hardly has a transfer defect during a transfer is capable of being produced, and (ii) a display device and the like each including the optically anisotropic layer produced from the composition.

Abstract: Each pixel has a reflection region to produce a display in reflection mode. The first substrate includes: a pixel electrode for each pixel; and a first vertical alignment film. The second substrate includes: an opposite electrode opposite the pixel electrodes; and a second vertical alignment film. Of the first and second vertical alignment films, only the second vertical alignment film exerts an alignment-regulating force that determines a pretilt angle. Each pixel electrode includes a plurality of subpixel electrodes. The opposite electrode has an opening in an area corresponding to one of four corners of at least one of the plurality of subpixel electrodes. Liquid crystal molecules in a thickness-wise middle portion of the liquid crystal layer on the subpixel electrode are oriented toward the opening.

Abstract: An optical device is provided. The optical device includes a first liquid crystal (“LC”) cell and a second LC cell stacked with the first LC cell. The first and second LC cells are configured to provide a phase retardation to a light transmitted therethrough. The optical device also includes at least one first compensation film disposed between the first LC cell and the second LC cell. The optical device also includes a second compensation film disposed at a first side of the first LC cell opposite to a second side of the first LC cell where the at least one first compensation film is disposed. The optical device also includes a third compensation film disposed at a first side of the second LC cell opposite to a second side of the second LC cell where the at least one first compensation film is disposed.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a display apparatus, a panel switching method and an electronic device. The display apparatus includes an organic light-emitting display panel and a liquid crystal display panel disposed on a light-emitting side of the organic light-emitting display panel. The liquid crystal display panel is attached to a metal layer in the organic light-emitting display panel so as to use the metal layer as a backlight source of the liquid crystal display panel.

Abstract: An optical device includes a stack of multiple grating structures, each of which includes a plurality of sublayers of liquid crystal material. Each sublayer of liquid crystal material includes laterally extending repeating units, each formed of a plurality of liquid crystal molecules. The repeating units of the liquid crystal layers are lateral offset from one another, and defined a tilt angle. The grating structures forming the stack of grating structure have tilt angles of different magnitudes. The grating structures may be configured to redirect light of visible or infrared wavelengths. Advantageously, the different tilt angles of the stack of grating structures allows for highly efficient diffraction of light incident on the grating structures at a wide range of incident angles.

Abstract: A system includes a view screen with polarized output. The view screen may include a projected view screen or writing-surface view screen. A window capable of blocking the polarized output at least in part cloaks the view screen to frustrate viewing of the view screen through the window. In some cases, the window includes an array of panels capable of blocking multiple polarizations. The array may disrupt multiple different polarized view screen outputs while maintaining transparency to unpolarized light. In some cases, the window capable of blocking polarized output may be paired with view screen cover that converts view screen output in an unblocked polarization to one of the one or more polarizations blocked by the window.

Abstract: A switchable privacy display comprises a spatial light modulator, and switchable liquid crystal retarder arranged between crossed quarter-wave plates and polarisers. In a privacy mode of operation, on-axis light from the spatial light modulator is directed without loss, whereas off-axis light has reduced luminance to reduce the visibility of the display to off-axis snoopers. The display may be rotated to achieve privacy operation in landscape and portrait orientations. Further, display reflectivity may be reduced for on-axis reflections of ambient light, while reflectivity may be increased for off-axis light to achieve increased visual security. In a public mode of operation, the liquid crystal retardance is adjusted so that off-axis luminance and reflectivity are unmodified. The display may also be operated to switch between day-time and night-time operation, for example for use in an automotive environment.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display apparatus having the following feature: although the liquid crystal display apparatus has a step between its display screen and outermost surface, the step is hardly recognized; and the liquid crystal display apparatus can achieve bright display. A liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention includes a liquid crystal cell; a first polarizer arranged on a back surface side of the liquid crystal cell; a cover sheet arranged on a viewer side of the liquid crystal cell, the cover sheet having a transmission portion at a position corresponding to a display region of the liquid crystal cell; and a second polarizer arranged on a viewer side of the cover sheet to cover the transmission portion, wherein an absorption axis direction of the first polarizer and an absorption axis direction of the second polarizer are substantially perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: A vehicle mirror having an image display function includes an image display device, a circularly polarized light reflection layer, and a front plate formed of glass or plastic in this order. The circularly polarized light reflection layer includes a linearly polarized light reflection plate and a 1/4 wavelength plate from a side of the image display device. The linearly polarized light reflection plate and the 1/4 wavelength plate are directly in contact with each other, or only an alignment layer is included between the linearly polarized light reflection plate and the 1/4 wavelength plate. A method for producing the vehicle mirror includes forming the 1/4 wavelength plate from a composition that is directly applied to the surface of the linearly polarized light reflection plate or that is directly applied to the surface of the alignment layer directly in contact with the linearly polarized light reflection plate.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display apparatus having the following feature: although the liquid crystal display apparatus has a step between its display screen and outermost surface, the step is hardly recognized; and the liquid crystal display apparatus can achieve bright display. A liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention includes a liquid crystal cell; a first polarizer arranged on a back surface side of the liquid crystal cell; a cover sheet arranged on a viewer side of the liquid crystal cell, the cover sheet having a transmission portion at a position corresponding to a display region of the liquid crystal cell; and a second polarizer arranged on a viewer side of the cover sheet to cover the transmission portion, wherein an absorption axis direction of the first polarizer and an absorption axis direction of the second polarizer are substantially perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: Example display devices include a waveguide configured to propagate visible light under total internal reflection in a direction parallel to a major surface of the waveguide. The waveguide has formed thereon an outcoupling element configured to outcouple a portion of the visible light in a direction normal to the major surface of the waveguide. The example display devices additionally include a polarization-selective notch reflector disposed on a first side of the waveguide and configured to reflect visible light having a first polarization while transmitting the portion of the visible light having a second polarization. The example display devices further include a polarization-independent notch reflector disposed on a second side of the waveguide and configured to reflect visible light having the first polarization and the second polarization, where the polarization-independent notch reflector is configured to convert a polarization of visible light reflecting therefrom.

Abstract: A method of making an optical article having multiple light-influencing zones can include: forming an alignment coating layer having a first alignment region and a second alignment region over at least a portion of an optical element; applying at least one anisotropic material over the first alignment region and the second alignment region by an inkjet printing device; and applying at least one dichroic material and/or at least one photochromic-dichroic material over at least one of the first alignment region and the second alignment region to form a first light-influencing zone over the first alignment region and a second light-influencing zone over the second alignment region.

Abstract: A backlight module including a light guide plate, a light source, an optical film, a first prism sheet and a second prism sheet is provided. The light guide plate has a light incident surface and a light emitting surface connected to each other. The light source is disposed on a side of the light incident surface. The optical film is overlapped with the light emitting surface and has a plurality of optical microstructures facing the light emitting surface. An angle between the extending direction of the optical microstructures and the light incident surface is 90 degrees or between 45 degrees and 90 degrees. The first prism sheet and the second prism sheet are overlapped with the optical film and are positioned on a side of the optical film being far away from the light guide plate. A display apparatus adopting the backlight module is also provided.

Abstract: There is provided a polarizing plate with optical compensation layers that is excellent in antireflection characteristic: in an oblique direction while maintaining an excellent antireflection characteristic in a front direction, and that has a neutral hue in the oblique direction. A polarizing plate with optical compensation layers according to the present invention is used for an organic EL panel The polarizing plate with optical compensation layers according to an embodiment of the present invention includes in the following order: a polarizer; a first optical compensation layer; and a second optical compensation layer. The first optical compensation layer shows a refractive index characteristic of nx>nz>ny and has an Re (550) of from 230 nm to 310 nm. The second optical compensation layer shows a refractive index characteristic of nx>nz>ny and satisfies a relationship of Re (450)<Re (550).

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an optical laminated film capable of detecting a light polarization state with a simple configuration using components which are superior in productivity and have high versatility, and a polarization imaging sensor using the optical laminated film.

Abstract: A projection display unit includes: an illumination optical system including one or more light sources; a reflective liquid crystal device that generates image light by modulating light from the illumination optical system, based on an input image signal; a polarizing beam splitter disposed on an optical path between the illumination optical system and the reflective liquid crystal device; a polarization compensation device disposed on an optical path between the polarizing beam splitter and the reflective liquid crystal device, and the polarization compensation device that provides a phase difference to light incident thereon to change a polarization state of the light; and a projection optical system that projects image light generated by the reflective liquid crystal device and then being incident thereon through an optical path, the optical path passing through the polarization compensation device and the polarizing beam splitter.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes in the following order from a viewing surface side a first polarizer, a first positive A plate having an in-plane retardation of 120 nm or greater and 155 nm or smaller, a positive C plate having a thickness retardation of 80 nm or greater and 100 nm or smaller, a first substrate, a second positive A plate having an in-plane retardation of 120 nm or greater and 155 nm or smaller, a horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer, a second substrate, a viewing angle compensation layer, and a second polarizer. The device further includes between the first polarizer and the first positive A plate a positive C plate having a thickness retardation of 30 nm or greater and 80 nm or smaller.

Abstract: A beam deflector and a three-dimensional (3D) display device including the beam deflector are provided. The beam deflector includes a first deflector configured to controllably deflect incident light having a first polarization state in a first horizontal direction; a half-wave plate configured to rotate a polarization of light transmitted by the first deflector by 90°; and a second deflector configured to controllably deflect light transmitted by the half-wave plate having the first polarization state in a second horizontal direction that is different from the first horizontal direction.

Abstract: A wearable augmented reality head-mounted display system can be configured to pass light from the world forward a wearer wearing the head-mounted system into an eye of the wearer. The head-mounted display system can include an optical display that is configured to output light to form an image. The system may include one or more waveguides that are disposed to receiving the light from the display. A variable power reflector can be disposed on the forward side of the one or more waveguides. The reflector can be configured to have an optical power that is adjustable upon application of an electrical signal.

Abstract: A wearable display device 1 includes a display panel 11, an eyepiece 31, and an optical element 21 that is disposed between the display panel 11 and the eyepiece 31, in which the optical element 21 includes an optically-anisotropic layer 23 that is formed of a cured layer of a composition including a liquid crystal compound 24, and the optically-anisotropic layer 23 has a liquid crystal alignment pattern AP1 in which a direction of an optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound 24 changes while continuously rotating along at least one in-plane direction of the optically-anisotropic layer 23.

Abstract: A spectrally-selective reflective optical film comprises at least two anisotropic layers, each of the layers having a phase retardation value and an optical axis orientation pattern within the layer; the optical axis orientation patterns exhibiting a discontinuity at the boundary of the at least two layers; and at least one substrate holding the film. At least a part of the anisotropic layers may be chiral. The materials comprising the anisotropic layers may be selected from liquid crystal polymers, azobenzene liquid crystal polymers, liquid crystals, azobenzene liquid crystals, polymer films with stressed birefringence, and combinations thereof. The materials comprising the anisotropic layers may be doped with at least one dopant from the list comprising nanorods, photorefractive nanoparticles, photovoltaic nanoparticles, lasing dyes, and combinations of thereof. The anisotropic layers may be transparent to infrared wavelengths.

Abstract: An optical film includes a liquid crystal layer derived from a smectic phase, wherein an Nz factor of the liquid crystal layer is from 0.2 to 0.8. A display device that includes the optical film, and a method of producing an optical film is also provided.

Abstract: The anti-reflection film includes an anti-reflection layer composed of multilayer thin-films having different refractive indexes on one principal surface of a transparent film substrate. The moisture permeability of the anti-reflection film is 15 to 1000 g/m2·24 h. The surface of the anti-reflection layer has an indentation elastic modulus of 20 to 100 GPa, and an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 3 nm or less. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the anti-reflection layer is preferably 1.5 nm or less. The thin-films constituting the anti-reflection layer can be deposited by, for example, a sputtering method.

Abstract: An optically anisotropic layered body including a first optically anisotropic layer and a second optically anisotropic layer, wherein each of refractive indices of the second optically anisotropic layer, in-plane retardations of the first optically anisotropic layer, thickness direction retardations of the second optically anisotropic layer, in-plane retardations of the optically anisotropic layered body, NZ factors of the optically anisotropic layered body, and thickness direction retardations Rth of the optically anisotropic layered body satisfies specific relationships.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium which contains at least two polymerisable compounds or reactive mesogens (RM) and at least one compound selected from the group of compounds of the formula IIA, IIB and IIC, in which R2A, R2B, R2C, L1-6, ring B, Z2, Z2, p, q and v have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PALC, FFS, PS-FFS, IPS or PS-IPS effect, especially for the use in LC displays of the PS (polymer stabilised) or PSA (polymer sustained alignment) type.