Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal composition capable of forming an optically anisotropic layer, and method thereof, in which a variation in a twisted angle of liquid crystal compound in an in-plane direction is suppressed an optical film, and a circularly polarizing plate for an organic EL display. The liquid crystal composition contains a liquid crystal, optically active compound A which is a photosensitive optically active compound whose helical twisting power changes upon irradiation with light and has a molar absorption coefficient of 5,000 M?1·cm?1 or more with respect to light having a wavelength of 365 nm, and an optically active compound B having a molar absorption coefficient with respect to light having a wavelength of 365 nm smaller than the molar absorption coefficient of the optically active compound A, in which a mass content ratio of the optically active compound A to the liquid crystal compound is less than 0.01.

Abstract: Light emitting devices and components having excellent chemical resistance and related methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, a component of a light emitting device can include a silver (Ag) portion, which can be silver on a substrate, and a protective layer disposed over the Ag portion. The protective layer can at least partially include an inorganic material for increasing the chemical resistance of the Ag portion.

Abstract: A display module includes a display panel including sub-pixels and a pixel shift unit at a side of a light-emitting surface of the display panel. For a sub-pixel, at a first time, the pixel shift unit does not shift the light emitted by the sub-pixel, and after the light emitted by the sub-pixel passing through the pixel shift unit, a first display pixel is formed corresponding to the sub-pixel, and at a second time, the pixel shift unit shifts the light emitted by the sub-pixel, and after the light emitted by the sub-pixel passing through the pixel shift unit, a second display pixel is formed corresponding to the sub-pixel. The second display pixel does not overlap the first display pixel. Orthographic projections of the second display pixel corresponding to the sub-pixel and a first display pixel of at least one adjacent sub-pixel overlap.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a device for reducing residual amplitude modulation. The device includes an electro-optic modulation device with three crystals connected in series. The three crystals are the first cubic crystal, an intermediate crystal, and the second cubic crystal respectively. The intermediate crystal is an electro-optic modulating crystal. The intermediate crystal is connected to the high-frequency signal source module. The specification of the intermediate crystal is X mm×Y mm×d mm. The first cubic crystal and the second cubic crystal is connected to both ends of the intermediate crystal in series along the direction of the X axis. The relative dielectric constant of the first cubic crystal and the relative dielectric constant of the second cubic crystal both are equal to the relative dielectric constant of the intermediate crystal. The specification of the first cubic crystal and the specification of the second cubic crystal both are d/2 mm×Y mm×d mm.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including a first substrate facing a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first field generating electrode on the first substrate, and a second field generating electrode on the first substrate and including a plurality of branch electrodes overlapped with the first field generating electrode. The second field generating electrode includes a wing connected to an end of a first branch electrode positioned at an outermost side the plurality of branch electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate facing a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first field generating electrode on the first substrate, and a second field generating electrode on the first substrate and including a plurality of branch electrodes overlapped with the first field generating electrode. The second field generating electrode includes a wing connected to an end of a first branch electrode positioned at an outermost side the plurality of branch electrodes.

Abstract: A blue phase liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a first pixel region, a first gate line on the first substrate, first and second data lines on the first substrate, a first thin film transistor (TFT) and a second TFT disposed in the first pixel region, the first TFT connected to the first gate line and the first data line, and the second TFT connected to the first gate line and the second data line, a first pixel electrode in the first pixel region and connected to the first TFT, and a second pixel electrode in the first pixel region and connected to the second TFT, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, the liquid crystal layer having an optical isotropic property without an electric field and a birefringence property with the electric field.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a liquid crystal display device includes providing an LCD panel that includes a photopolymerizable compound in its liquid crystal layer; and forming alignment sustaining layers by polymerizing the photopolymerizable compound in the liquid crystal layer of the LCD panel with the liquid crystal layer irradiated with light and supplied with a voltage simultaneously. The forming the alignment sustaining layers includes the steps of: i) applying a predetermined voltage between a pixel electrode and a counter electrode while a switching element is in ON state; and ii) changing the voltage at a storage capacitor counter electrode into a voltage, of which the polarity is opposite to a voltage at the storage capacitor counter electrode in the step i), after the switching element in ON state has been turned OFF.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate having a first electrode on one surface side, a second substrate having second electrode on one surface side and placed opposite to the first substrate. A liquid crystal layer having a pretilt angle of 89.7° or more and less than 90° is disposed between the first and second electrodes. The first and second electrodes respectively form a pixel in opposing areas. The first electrode includes rectangularly shaped openings disposed with regularity in the pixel in a planar view. The openings include first and second openings with longitudinal directions respectively facing first and second directions, the second direction different from the first direction. The angle formed by the longitudinal directions of the first and second openings, and an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules at the substantial center of the liquid crystal layer is 0° or more and less than 90°.

Abstract: A first substrate and a second substrate are provided. An alignment process is performed on a surface of the first substrate and a surface of the second substrate respectively. A liquid crystal mixture is prepared, where the liquid crystal mixture includes a liquid crystal molecule and a liquid crystal monomer having a functional group of diacrylates, and the liquid crystal monomer having the functional group of diacrylates occupies 0.01-2 wt % of the liquid crystal mixture. The first substrate and the second substrate are assembled, and the liquid crystal mixture is filled therebetween. A polymerization curing process is performed such that the liquid crystal monomer having the functional group of diacrylates is polymerized to respectively form a liquid crystal polymer film on the aligned surfaces of the first and second substrates. The method enhances anchoring energy and reduces problems of V-T shift, surface gliding, and residual image.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first alignment film having a first alignment direction, a second alignment film having a second alignment direction, and a liquid crystal layer having liquid crystal molecules between the first and second alignment films. The liquid crystal layer is doped with a chiral material that tends to induce a first twist in directors of the liquid crystal molecules when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer. The first and second alignment films have orientations that tends to induce a second twist in the directors when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, in which the direction of the first twist is different from the direction of the second twist.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device including: a thin film transistor substrate; a counter substrate which is arranged to face the thin film transistor substrate in an opposed manner; and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the thin film transistor substrate and the counter substrate, wherein the thin film transistor substrate includes a first electrode and a second electrode for applying an electric field in a substrate in-plane direction, the first electrode includes a plurality of strip portions which extend in a predetermined direction, and a chiral dopant which imparts the rotation in a direction opposite to a rotational direction of liquid crystal induced by an electric field applied between the strip portions and the second electrode is added to the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display, using a ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibiting mono-stability, which makes it possible to control the direction of the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display is produced by holding a ferroelectric liquid crystal between: an oblique vapor deposition-alignment layer of a first alignment treatment substrate, in which a first electrode layer and the oblique vapor deposition-alignment layer are formed in this order on a first substrate; and a fixed liquid crystal layer of a second alignment treatment substrate, in which a second electrode layer, an alignment layer for reactive liquid crystal and the fixed liquid crystal layer are laminated in this order on the second substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display, using a ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibiting mono-stability, which makes it possible to control the direction of the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display includes: a first alignment treatment substrate having a first alignment layer which is a rubbed layer; a second alignment treatment substrate having a second alignment layer which is a photo alignment layer using a photo-dimerization type material; and a liquid crystal layer containing a ferroelectric liquid crystal and held between the first alignment treatment substrate and the second alignment treatment substrate. The ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibits mono-stability, and when a negative voltage is applied to a second electrode layer of the second alignment treatment substrate, a molecular direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal is changed by about 2 times a tilt angle of the ferroelectric liquid crystal parallel to a surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Optically active polymers that are composed of monomer residues derived from chiral pre-polymerized monomers, which maintain the chirality of the pre-polymerized monomers upon polymerization are disclosed. These polymers can be composed of monomer residues that are derived from readily available chiral monomers and can be designed to have pre-determined characteristics such as chirality, biodegradability and functionality. Uses of these polymers as therapeutically active agents, and/or as carriers of therapeutically active agents, for delivering the active agents to a targeted bodily site and/or for a sustained release of the active agent, are further disclosed. Also disclosed are processed of preparing the polymers, compositions and medical devices containing the polymers, and conjugates of these polymers and various agents.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an upper substrate including an upper polarizer having a first light absorption axis and an upper electrode, a lower substrate including a lower polarizer having a second light absorption axis substantially parallel to the first light absorption axis and a lower electrode, a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer formed on at least one of the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and a nematic system liquid crystal layer formed on the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first alignment film having a first alignment direction, a second alignment film having a second alignment direction, and a liquid crystal layer having liquid crystal molecules between the first and second alignment films. The liquid crystal layer is doped with a chiral material that tends to induce a first twist in directors of the liquid crystal molecules when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer. The first and second alignment films have orientations that tends to induce a second twist in the directors when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, in which the direction of the first twist is different from the direction of the second twist.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display including substrates, a liquid crystal, an orientation layer, and electrodes. The orientation layer includes a base layer having a principal surface provided with a plurality of grooves in parallel, and a coating film covering the principal surface. The coating film has a horizontally orienting ability to orient in parallel the molecular major axes of the liquid crystal molecules in the condition where no voltage is impressed on the principal surface. The grooves each extend along a predetermined direction, and are arrayed repeatedly at a given pitch along the direction orthogonal to the predetermined direction.

Abstract: A process for producing a liquid crystal display having less alignment defects, which seldom causes aligning disorder at the boundary where ferroelectric liquid crystals allowed to flow are brought into contact with each other when the ferroelectric liquid crystals are coated on the substrate flow. The process includes a first alignment layer formation step and a liquid crystal coating step. The liquid crystal coating step is a step of linearly coating the ferroelectric liquid crystals on a first alignment layer of a liquid crystal side substrate in a direction substantially perpendicular or substantially parallel to the alignment treatment direction conducted in the first alignment layer formation step.

Abstract: An in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate including a pixel electrode in a pixel region, a second substrate facing the first substrate and including a common electrode, a first alignment layer on the pixel electrode, a second alignment layer on the common electrode, a first ferroelectric liquid crystal layer on the first alignment layer and including a first spontaneous polarization, a second ferroelectric liquid crystal layer on the second alignment layer and including a second spontaneous polarization, a rotational direction of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal layer with respect to the first alignment layer being different from a rotational direction of the second ferroelectric liquid crystal layer with respect to the second alignment layer, and a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer between the first and second ferroelectric liquid crystal layers.

Abstract: In a liquid-crystal-display panel (1) for displaying a barcode that is formed with bars having various widths arranged in parallel at various intervals by an electro-optic effect of liquid crystal, a direction of a transmissive axis (P1) of a polarizing film disposed on a side on which light from a barcode reader is irradiated is set to coincides with a direction in which the light is polarized. Moreover, the direction of transmissive axis (P1) of the polarizing film is set to be parallel or substantially parallel to a short side or a long side of each of the bars forming the barcode. A direction (M) of a long axis of a liquid crystal molecule (LCM) in a first ferroelectric state or in a second ferroelectric state is set to be parallel or substantially parallel to the direction of transmissive axis (P1) of the polarizing film, or set to form an angel of 45 degrees or substantially 45 degrees therebetween.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes, a first substrate, a second substrate, an electrooptic material layer, an illuminating device, and a polarizing device. The electrooptic material layer is held between the first substrate and the second substrate. The illuminating device irradiates illumination light to an outer surface of the first substrate. The polarizing device is provided on the outer surface of the first substrate. The electrooptic material layer exhibits optical isotropy when no electric field is applied, and, when an electric field is applied, exhibits optical anisotropy corresponding to the magnitude of the electric field. The electrooptic material layer further has a characteristic to selectively reflect a first circularly polarized light having a first rotation direction. Light that passes through the polarizing device is a second circularly polarized light that has a second rotation direction reverse to the first rotation direction of the first circularly polarized light.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display, using a ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibiting mono-stability, which makes it possible to control the direction of the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display includes a first alignment treatment substrate and a second alignment treatment substrate in which the first alignment treatment substrate and the second alignment treatment substrate have the first alignment layer and a reactive liquid crystal layer that face each other; and in which a ferroelectric liquid crystal is held between the first alignment layer and the reactive liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: An in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate including a pixel electrode in a pixel region, a second substrate facing the first substrate and including a common electrode, a first alignment layer on the pixel electrode, a second alignment layer on the common electrode, a first ferroelectric liquid crystal layer on the first alignment layer and including a first spontaneous polarization, a second ferroelectric liquid crystal layer on the second alignment layer and including a second spontaneous polarization, a rotational direction of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal layer with respect to the first alignment layer being different from a rotational direction of the second ferroelectric liquid crystal layer with respect to the second alignment layer, and a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer between the first and second ferroelectric liquid crystal layers.

Abstract: A method for fabricating liquid crystal (LC) alignment includes the steps of processing an alignment film having a plurality of liquid crystal molecules with a single or plurality of plasma generating devices, such that the liquid crystal molecules are aligned at a high pretilt angle. Compared with the prior art, the present invention is suitable for modifying the alignment film surface adjustablely in directions and angles, and can attain the effect of alignment stability with a high pretilt angle in a single process, thus overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including two alignment substrates having a base material, an electrode layer and alignment layer, with a ferroelectric liquid crystal interposed therebetween. One of the two alignment layers for controlling the alignment of the ferroelectric liquid crystal has a column structure with plate-like molecules having the photo dichroism in the visible light range laminated with the normal directions of the plate-like molecules oriented in a certain direction, and it is provided a columnar alignment layer having the alignment function and the polarizing function.

Abstract: A light path shift device is disclosed that is able to divide an effective region of a light path and drive the divided regions independently. The light path shift device includes a liquid crystal layer held between at least two opposite transparent substrates, the liquid crystal layer being homeotropically aligned and being able to form a chiral smectic C phase; and plural electrodes for applying an electric field in the liquid crystal layer in a horizontal direction. An effective region of the liquid crystal layer through which a light path passes is divided into plural sub-regions, plural light path shift elements with the electrodes formed thereon are stacked only at positions corresponding to the sub-regions, and are arranged so that boundary lines of the sub-regions are in agreement when being viewed along the direction of light propagation.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprising: a pair of substrates having an electrode arrangement thereon; an orientation control means provided on at least one of said substrates; and a ferroelectric or antiferroelectric liquid crystal layer interposed between said substrates, said liquid crystal layer being uniaxially oriented by virtue of said orientation control means, wherein means for suppressing an orientation control effect of said orientation control means with respect to said liquid crystal layer is provided between said liquid crystal layer and said orientation control means.

Abstract: An in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device comprises a first substrate including a pixel region and a pixel electrode in the pixel region; a second substrate facing the first substrate and including a common electrode; first and second alignment layers disposed on the entire surfaces of the pixel electrode and the common electrode; first and second ferroelectric liquid crystal layers coated on the first and second alignment layers and including first and second spontaneous polarizations; and a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and second ferroelectric liquid crystal layers.

Abstract: A method of controlling the alignment of a ferroelectric liquid crystal without the need of an alignment process, such as a rubbing process and a photo alignment process, in a liquid crystal display using a ferroelectric liquid crystal. The method uses a columnar alignment layer having a column structure with a plate-like molecule having photo dichroism in the visible light range as one of the alignment layers for controlling the alignment of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The method forms a reactive liquid crystal layer produced by fixing a reactive liquid crystal including a polymerizable liquid crystal material on the side to be contacted with the ferroelectric liquid crystal on the columnar alignment layer, showing the nematic phase on the columnar alignment layer.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device including vertical alignment layers formed on the substrates. The alignment layer having a polymer realizing vertical alignment is formed on the substrate an unpolarized ultraviolet light is then irradiated in the oblique direction at an angle not more than 45 degrees with respect to the surface of the alignment layer. The ultraviolet light has an exposure energy of 30 to 120 mJ/cm2 per percent of the polymer content realizing the vertical alignment of the alignment layer. The liquid crystal can thus align substantially vertically to the surface of the alignment layer, with a pretilt, and such an alignment is realized by the irradiation of the ultraviolet light, without rubbing.

Abstract: An optical device includes a ferroelectric liquid crystal material. This optical device has a first and a second substrate. A first alignment treatment is applied to a surface of the first substrate, the first alignment treatment being intended to induce an orientation of at least a portion of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material along a first alignment direction with a first pretilt angle ?1 with respect to a plane parallel to the first substrate. A second alignment treatment is applied to a surface of the second substrate, the second alignment treatment being intended to induce an orientation of at least another portion of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material along a second alignment direction with a second pretilt angle ?2 with respect to a plane parallel to the second substrate.

Abstract: An electrode is provided on one surface of each of a pair of substrates. On the other surface of each of the substrates, a polarizer is provided. The substrates are assembled together so that their surfaces on which the electrodes are formed face each other. Then, a medium is introduced between the substrates, to form a dielectric material layer. The medium is prepared by mixing a chiral agent in a negative type liquid crystalline compound.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display having alignment films with different surface polarities. The alignment films induce an internal electric field through the liquid crystal. Because of the induced internal electric field, initial liquid crystal alignment, and subsequent liquid crystal alignments, can be performed without an externally applied electric field.

Abstract: A transflective-type liquid crystal display device, comprising, at least, a pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal material disposed between the pair of substrates. The liquid crystal material is a polarization-shielded smectic liquid crystal material capable of providing a tunable birefringence system wherein the magnitude of anisotropy of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer can be regulated by the intensity of an applied electric field.

Abstract: When a transition voltage, which is higher than a display voltage for image display, is applied to liquid crystal, the liquid crystal can transition to a bend alignment. Therefore, by applying a transition voltage to liquid crystal prior to image display period only for a transition time which depends on a transition voltage so as to cause a bend transition in the liquid crystal, an OCB mode LCD with a high speed response can be obtained. An interval d between pixel regions is set to be less than, for example, a transition distance of 5 ?m, so that a bend transition expands over inter-pixel regions to thereby achieve a bend transition all over the display region. In an active matrix type LCD, a electrical field is caused to be generated between a common electrode and data lines or gate lines disposed between pixel electrodes due to application of a transition voltage to the common electrode, thereby obtaining a bent transition over the entire surface of the display screen.

Abstract: In order to substantially reduce temperature-dependent influences and attendant long switching times in the case of an optical liquid crystal modulator having at least one ferroelectric liquid crystal and in a method for operating an optical liquid crystal modulator, the ferroelectric liquid crystals are provided to have a DHF mode and to exhibit an operating range of an electric field of more than 20 V/?m at the location of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal polarization rotator device is able to rotate polarization fast enough to compensate polarization mode dispersion. The amount or degree of rotation is rapidly reconfigurable. The device includes a cavity filled with a nematic liquid crystal material. The cavity has electrodes on a first face, e.g., a first substrate, and electrodes on a second face, e.g., a second substrate, opposite the first face. The electrodes are shaped and positioned to produce an electric field across the cavity capable of rotating the alignment direction of the molecules of the liquid crystal material in the cavity. The electrodes are patterned on the ends of optical fibers. Aligning and positioning of the electrodes on the ends of the optical fibers with a predetermined spacing forms the cavity that is filled with the nematic liquid crystal material. The filled cavity is a so-called liquid crystal microcell wave plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate for a liquid crystal display used in a display section of an information apparatus, a liquid crystal display having the same, and a method of manufacturing the same. There is provided a substrate for a liquid crystal display which achieves good display quality with reduced manufacturing steps, a liquid crystal display having the same, and a method of manufacturing the same. TFTs are formed on a glass substrate. A protective film is formed on the TFTs, and a resist pattern is formed on the protective film, the resist pattern having openings located above source electrodes, gate bus line terminals, and drain bus line terminals. The resist pattern is baked at a baking temperature of 200° or more after irradiating the surface thereof with ultraviolet light to form a wrinkled resin layer having a wrinkled surface.

Abstract: An indicator for deciding a grinding amount of a liquid crystal display panel and a method for detecting grinding failure using the same are disclosed in the present invention. The indicator includes at least one alignment mark formed at a gate pad unit and a data pad unit of a liquid crystal display panel, and at least one pattern for detecting a grinding amount between a first end portion of the gate pad unit and the alignment mark, and a second end portion of the data pad unit and the alignment mark.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display and a fabricating method thereof that is capable of maintaining a stable alignment state against external temperature variation and external impact. In the method and apparatus, a ferroelectric liquid crystal containing a small amount of light-hardening polymer is injected between upper and lower substrates provided with alignment film. An ultraviolet ray is irradiated thereon to form a polymer network. The ultraviolet ray has a light intensity range of about 1 to about 5 mW/cm2, and has a light energy range of about 240 to about 1200 mJ/cm2.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display having alignment films with different surface polarities. The alignment films induce an internal electric field through the liquid crystal. Because of the induced internal electric field, initial liquid crystal alignment, and subsequent liquid crystal alignments, can be performed without an externally applied electric field.

Abstract: A polarized light reflecting element includes a plurality of stacked cholesteric liquid crystal layers. Each cholesteric liquid crystal layer is polymerized and has a helical liquid crystal molecule array and a helical axis that extends substantially in the normal direction. The in-plane mean value &agr; of the respective helix angles of liquid crystal molecules is nearly n&pgr; (n=1, 2, 3, . . . ). The cholesteric liquid crystal layers have their liquid crystal molecules continuously oriented on the interfaces between them, and form one smooth helical structure as a whole.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate; a second substrate cohered to the first substrate with a separation from the first substrate; a first orientation film formed on an inner surface of the first substrate; a second orientation film formed on an inner surface of the second substrate; and a liquid crystal injected between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first orientation film and the second orientation film are formed to face each other, and the thickness of the first orientation film or the second orientation film is formed differently in different portions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a highly aligned liquid crystal over an entire area including regions not provided with a uniaxial alignment film. A carrier-transporting device and a light-emitting device incorporate such a liquid crystal device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel employing an in plane switching (IPS) mode wherein an alignment direction of a liquid crystal is moved on a plane parallel to the surface of the panel. In the panel, electrode patterns are formed on each substrate in such a manner to be opposed to each other. A liquid crystal layer is filled between the substrates provided with the electrode patterns. Alignment films are formed on each of the substrates in such a manner to be positioned between the electrode patterns and the liquid crystal layer. The alignment films allow an alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer to be changed on a plane parallel to the surfaces of the substrates by an electric field applied between the electrode patterns.

Abstract: The present invention provides a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal display apparatus includes a pair of substrates, each subjected to uniaxial orientation processing and arranged so that their orientation processing directions are approximately parallel to each other; and a ferroelectric liquid crystal material having the chiral smectic C phase filled between the substrates, the liquid crystal material being such that the projection component of the cone drawn by a liquid crystal molecule of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material projected onto the substrate and the projection component of the liquid crystal molecule itself projected onto the substrate in the molecule axis direction are respectively identical to the orientation processing direction of the substrates, which state is the initial state of the monostable configuration, wherein the ferroelectric liquid crystal contains a compound having a phenyl pyrimidine skeleton having one end connected to an alkoxyl chain and the other end connected t

Abstract: A monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal display in which a stable monostable mode is realized to achieve sufficient analog gradation and contrast. A pair of substrates, processed with uniaxial orientation, are placed so that the directions of orientation processing will be substantially parallel to each other. Into the gap between the two substrates is charged a ferroelectric liquid crystal material. The component of projection on the substrates of the axial direction of a cone drawn by the liquid crystal molecules of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material and that of the axial direction of the liquid crystal molecules themselves are substantially coincident with the direction of the processing for orientation of the substrates. Monostability is achieved with this state as an initial state.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a cholesteric liquid crystal display that includes a homogeneous alignment surface effective to provide increased brightness, low focal conic reflectance and/or reflected light that is to a significant degree circularly polarized. The homogeneous alignment surface substantially homogeneously aligns the liquid crystal director adjacent thereto. The homogeneous alignment surface may be disposed on one or both sides of a cell of the display. In the case of a cell in which the homogeneous alignment surface is disposed on only one side, the substrate with the inhomogeneous alignment surface may be upstream or downstream of the substrate with the homogeneous alignment surface relative to a direction of incident light. Also included especially in the case of a cell that has the homogeneous alignment surface on both sides is the use of a polarizer to provide very good brightness and low focal conic reflectance.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel employing an in plane switching (IPS) mode wherein an alignment direction of a liquid crystal is moved on a plane parallel to the surface of the panel. In the panel, electrode patterns are formed on each substrate in such a manner to be opposed to each other. A liquid crystal layer is filled between the substrates provided with the electrode patterns. Alignment films are formed on each of the substrates in such a manner to be positioned between the electrode patterns and the liquid crystal layer. The alignment films allow an alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer to be changed on a plane parallel to the surfaces of the substrates by an electric field applied between the electrode patterns.