Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal element includes a transparent substrate including a first main surface, a plurality of structures disposed on the first main surface and arranged along one direction, an alignment film disposed on a surface of each of the structures and a liquid crystal layer containing a cholesteric liquid crystal and in contact with the alignment film, and the helical axis of the cholesteric liquid crystal is inclined with respect to the first main surface, each of the plurality of structures includes a first surface inclined with respect to the first main surface, in the plurality of structures, the first surfaces are parallel to each other, and the alignment film is interposed between the first surface and the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display device, a manufacturing method thereof, a driving method thereof and a counter substrate. The display device includes a liquid crystal cell, at least one flicker detector and a signal processing apparatus. The at least one flicker detector is disposed in a non-display region within the liquid crystal cell and configured to detect light intensity in the liquid crystal cell; and the signal processing apparatus is configured to adjust a magnitude of a common voltage for driving the liquid crystal cell according to a signal strength outputted from the flicker detector, to reduce a flicker value of the display device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes an elemental substrate provided with a silicon oxide alignment layer on the front surface side thereof. Silanol groups of the alignment layer are bound to an organic silane polymer layer by silane coupling treatment. The silane coupling treatment also forms an organic silane polymer layer on the rear surface side of the elemental substrate. This organic silane polymer layer is a layer having a higher hydrophilicity than the organic silane polymer layer. A light-transmitting plate bonded to the rear surface side of elemental substrate with an adhesive layer is thus unlikely to separate.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display panel, a display device, their manufacturing methods, and a substrate curving device. The method for manufacturing the display panel includes steps of: providing two substrates for forming the display panel; arranging the two substrates opposite to each other, curving the two substrates at a predetermined curvature, and directly dripping liquid crystals into a space between the two curved substrates, so as to make the liquid crystals to have a twist angle matching with the predetermined curvature of the two curved substrates; and after the dripping, arranging the two substrates opposite to each other to form a cell. According to the present disclosure, the liquid crystals are dripped into between the two curved substrates, the then the two curved substrates are arranged opposite to each other to form the display panel.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) array substrate, including: a gate line and a data line, which are formed on a substrate, and a sub-pixel unit defined by intersecting of the gate line and the data line, wherein, the sub-pixel unit comprises a thin film transistor device, a first pixel electrode layer and a second pixel electrode layer; the first pixel electrode layer is insulated from the second pixel electrode layer; the second pixel electrode layer is located over the first pixel electrode layer, and the pattern of strip-like pixel electrodes of the second pixel electrode layer overlap up-and-down with the pattern of the first pixel electrode layer; and the strip-like pixel electrodes make a tilt angle with an initial orientation of liquid crystals, and a gate line is parallel to the strip-like pixel electrodes close to the gate line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus includes a substrate that includes a convex portion on one surface, a liquid crystal layer that is arranged on the one surface side of the substrate, an inorganic alignment film that is arranged between the substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and has a column structure inclined to the one surface of the substrate, and an organic alignment film, in which the inorganic alignment film has a concave portion of which a thickness becomes thin in at least a portion of the column structure, at a position to be in contact with a portion that does not face an inclined direction side of the column structure in a side surface of the convex portion, and the organic alignment film is arranged in the concave portion.

Abstract: Performing optical mark recognition (OMR) scanning includes receiving a first substrate to be scanned, the first substrate having one or more colors visible to a human eye and bearing user-made marks; scanning the first substrate using a plurality of colors of light emitted from a light sensor to simultaneously generate both (a) first image data representing a visual appearance of the first substrate, and (b) first OMR data corresponding to respective locations of the user-made marks on the first substrate; transmitting from a first page buffer at least a portion of the first image data and/or at least a portion of the first OMR data; receiving a second substrate to be scanned; and during the transmitting from the first page buffer, simultaneously scanning the second substrate.

Abstract: A display device may include a substrate having a first substrate portion, a second substrate portion, and a third substrate portion positioned between the first substrate portion and the second substrate portion. The display device may further include a first roof layer and a second roof layer formed of the same material, spaced from each other, and respectively overlapping the first substrate portion and the second substrate portion. The display device may further include a transistor overlapping the third substrate portion. The display device may further include a liquid crystal set. The display device may further include a common electrode portion positioned between the first substrate portion and the liquid crystal set. The display device may further include a sub-pixel electrode positioned between the liquid crystal set and the first roof layer and electrically connected to the transistor.

Abstract: A display device including a display panel having an image display area and a non-display area, a driver circuit unit to feed an image formation driving signal to the display panel and a controller is provided. The display panel includes a transparent board including a light shielding portion formed along an edge thereof to define the non-display area and a light transmitting portion formed at a part of the light shielding portion, a rear board placed to face the transparent board and a logo module placed on a rear surface of the transparent board to overlap the light transmitting portion to outwardly display a logo through the light transmitting portion. At least a part of the driver circuit unit is formed on one of the transparent board and the rear board so as to overlap the light shielding portion. The display device may minimize a lower bezel region.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display includes: forming an etch target layer including a conductive material on a first substrate; forming a first mask layer on the etch target layer; forming a block copolymer coating layer including a plurality of polymers on the first mask layer; processing the block copolymer coating layer to form a block copolymer pattern layer including first and second polymer blocks; removing one of the first or second polymer blocks to form a second mask pattern layer; etching the first mask layer by using the second mask pattern layer as an etching mask to form a first mask pattern layer; and etching the etch target layer by using the first mask pattern layer as an etching mask to form a first electrode. The first electrode includes a plurality of the first minute patterns extending in a predetermined direction and having a polarization function.

Abstract: A pixel structure adapted to a vertical alignment (VA) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device is provided. The pixel structure includes a plurality of comb-shaped electrodes and a plurality of pixel transistors. The comb-shaped electrodes are interdigitated in a pairwise manner and thereby constitute at least one comb-shaped electrode pair. The pixel transistors respectively are electrically coupled to the comb-shaped electrodes. The comb-shaped electrodes respectively are electrically coupled to receive a plurality of data voltages through the respective pixel transistors and whereby at least a part of the data voltages are different, and the data voltages received by the two comb-shaped electrodes of each comb-shaped electrode pair are different from each other. Moreover, a VA mode LCD device using the pixel structure and a pixel driving method adapted thereto are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides organic light emitting devices having a combined emission from at least two emissive materials, a fluorescent blue emissive material and a phosphorescent emissive material. The device may further comprise additional fluorescent or phosphorescent emissive materials. In preferred embodiments, the invention provides OLEDs having three different emissive materials—a red emissive material, a green emissive material and a blue emissive material. The invention provides a device architecture which is optimized for efficiency and lifetime by using a combination of fluorescent and phosphorescent emitters. Further, in preferred embodiments the device architecture provides a high color-stability of the light emission over a wide range of currents or luminances.

Abstract: A wall electrode IPS mode LCD has stabilized domain boundary. Signal and scanning lines extend in first and second directions, respectively, surrounding a pixel. A first wall structure has a first portion intersecting the first direction at a first angle, a second portion in the first direction, and a third portion intersecting the first direction at a second angle. The second portion has a first projection in the second direction. The second wall structure has a fourth portion intersecting the first direction at the first angle, a fifth portion in the first direction, and a sixth portion intersecting the first direction at the second angle. The fifth portion has a second projection in the second direction. A distance between the first projection and the fifth portion is shorter than a distance between the first wall structure except the first projection and the second wall structure.

Abstract: First alignment is performed by forming an alignment layer that includes a photopolymerizable monomer or oligomer on a substrate and the like, introducing liquid crystal, and bringing the liquid crystal into contact with the alignment layer including the photopolymerizable monomer or oligomer. The liquid crystal is then subjected to secondary alignment by photopolymerizing the photopolymerizable monomer or oligomer including the alignment layer to form an alignment regulator in a state in which an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal to change the alignment of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: An optical filter for a stereoscopic display device separating left-view and right-view images includes a substrate, one or more alignment layers formed on the substrate in a predetermined pattern and each having partition wall parts on edges of each alignment layer, and one or more liquid crystal layers formed on the alignment layers, wherein a height of each of the partition wall parts is two to ten times greater than a thickness of a center part of each alignment layer.

Abstract: A method of producing spatially varying pretilt angles across a liquid crystal cell coats a substrate with a polyimide alignment layer and a layer of photoalignment material on top of the polyimide layer. An applied beam with variable light dosage spatial or temporal profiles is then used to achieve a corresponding pretilt angle distribution.

Abstract: First alignment is performed by forming an alignment layer that includes a photopolymerizable monomer or oligomer on a substrate and the like, introducing liquid crystal, and bringing the liquid crystal into contact with the alignment layer including the photopolymerizable monomer or oligomer. The liquid crystal is then subjected to secondary alignment by photopolymerizing the photopolymerizable monomer or oligomer including the alignment layer to form an alignment regulator in a state in which an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal to change the alignment of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens or beam steering device is made by programming alignment surfaces of the LC cell walls using a programming field to align the alignment surface molecules before fixing them. By setting the desired pre-tilt, the lens can operate in the absence of the control field, and power consumption by the control field can be reduced.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a pixel electrode and a counter electrode, an insulation film, and a first orientation film formed over the pixel electrode and the counter electrode on the first substrate, the first orientation film being responsive to a radiated polarized light to obtain an initial orientation direction. A second substrate is opposed to the first substrate, a second orientation film is formed over the second substrate, and a liquid crystal is sealed between the first and second substrates. The first and second orientation films are made of polyimide, the liquid crystal has negative dielectric anisotropy, and the liquid crystal display device is normally in a black mode. An angle formed between the electric field and the initial orientation direction of the first orientation film is in a range of greater than 0° to 45°.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate having a first electrode on one surface side, a second substrate having second electrode on one surface side and placed opposite to the first substrate. A liquid crystal layer having a pretilt angle of 89.7° or more and less than 90° is disposed between the first and second electrodes. The first and second electrodes respectively form a pixel in opposing areas. The first electrode includes rectangularly shaped openings disposed with regularity in the pixel in a planar view. The openings include first and second openings with longitudinal directions respectively facing first and second directions, the second direction different from the first direction. The angle formed by the longitudinal directions of the first and second openings, and an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules at the substantial center of the liquid crystal layer is 0° or more and less than 90°.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, and an orientation film formed on the first substrate. The orientation film has two orientation regions in a pixel, and the orientation regions are formed by polarized light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates in a spaced relationship with one another. A pair of alignment films are provided, one alignment film being formed on each substrate such that the alignment films face one another. A liquid crystal layer, including plural liquid crystals, is inserted between the pair of alignment films, wherein the alignment films impart a given pre-tilt angle to the liquid crystals. The alignment films are composed of a material containing at least two types of polymers having a prescribed initial alignment and different alignment variation rates in response to ultraviolet ray irradiation. The pre-tilt angle being adjusted, without rubbing the alignment films, through ultraviolet exposure of the alignment films.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display, a pretilt value provided by an upper alignment layer or a lower alignment layer is gradually changed in one domain, such that liquid crystal molecules have various arrangements in which azimuth angles of aligned liquid crystal molecules are gradually changed.

Abstract: This object aims to provide a liquid crystal display panel with good in viewing angle characteristic, and capable of carrying out a high brightness display. The liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having at least one pixel unit and at least one first orienting structure, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first and second substrates and having negative dielectric anisotropy. The pixel unit includes a pixel electrode that is located in the display area, while the first orienting structure is located outside the display area. In addition, the liquid crystal layer contains an optical rotation material, and some of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are inclined toward the internal part or the external part of the pixel unit by the first orienting structure.

Abstract: A display device includes a light supplying unit generating light and a liquid crystal panel having a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules aligned substantially parallel to the plane of a pair of substrates by anti-parallel rubbing when no voltage is applied to the panel. Bias voltage corresponding to maximum gray level of the panel is determined between threshold voltage of the liquid crystal layer and 40% of maximum voltage.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix shape and a drive circuit for actively driving the plurality of pixels. Each of the pixels has a laminated structure including a pixel electrode, a first alignment film, a liquid crystal layer, a second alignment film, and a counter electrode. The liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal molecule having a vertical alignment property. The first alignment film and the second alignment film are inorganic alignment films formed by obliquely depositing an inorganic material. The drive circuit has a first calculation section for extracting a first positional information, a second calculation section for extracting a second positional information, a third calculation for calculating a third positional information, and a fourth calculation section for calculating a third video signal.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display includes; forming a mother substrate assembly by disposing a liquid crystal mixture layer having liquid crystals and a light curable alignment supplement between a first mother substrate and a second mother substrate of a liquid crystal display, and disposing a light curable sealant surrounding the liquid crystal mixture layer, pre-tilting liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal mixture layer by applying a voltage to the first mother substrate and the second mother substrate, and simultaneously hardening the alignment supplement and the sealant by radiating light to the mother substrate assembly while applying the voltage to the first mother substrate and the second mother substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprises a first alignment surface which induces a high pretilt greater than 45° but less than 90°; a typical value is 85°. The pretilt has a component parallel to the surface pointing in a predetermined direction. A second alignment surface induces a low pretilt which is less than 45° but greater than 0°; a typical pretilt is 5°. The low pretilt has a component parallel to the second surface which also points in the predetermined direction. A layer of crystal material is disposed in between the first and second surfaces. A novel liquid crystal mode is thus provided and is referred to as the “splay-twist mode”. Such a device may be used in a switchable public/private display.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes: a circuit substrate; a counter substrate disposed so as to be opposed to the circuit substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the circuit substrate and the counter substrate, the liquid crystal layer showing vertical alignment as an initial alignment state; a first alignment layer manufactured on a side of the counter substrate using a coating process, the side facing the liquid crystal layer, the first alignment layer having a vertical alignment function; and a second alignment layer manufactured on a side of the circuit substrate using a vacuum process, the side facing the liquid crystal layer, the second alignment layer generating a pretilt.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display, using a ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibiting mono-stability, which makes it possible to control the direction of the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display is produced by holding a ferroelectric liquid crystal between: an oblique vapor deposition-alignment layer of a first alignment treatment substrate, in which a first electrode layer and the oblique vapor deposition-alignment layer are formed in this order on a first substrate; and a fixed liquid crystal layer of a second alignment treatment substrate, in which a second electrode layer, an alignment layer for reactive liquid crystal and the fixed liquid crystal layer are laminated in this order on the second substrate.

Abstract: A vertical orientation liquid crystal display in which orientation control by oblique electric field is performed stably and lowering in light transmission rate of the liquid crystal display is suppressed without increasing the number of manufacturing steps significantly. In the vertical orientation liquid crystal display, a plurality of regions having different inclination orientations of liquid crystal molecule are formed by applying a voltage to each pixel electrode having an aperture or a recessed portion. The liquid crystal display comprises a switching element connected electrically with the pixel electrode, and an auxiliary electrode formed to overlap the aperture or the recessed portion in the pixel electrode wherein the auxiliary electrode is formed of the same film as that of the semiconductor layer in the switching element.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display including substrates, a liquid crystal, an orientation layer, and electrodes. The orientation layer includes a base layer having a principal surface provided with a plurality of grooves in parallel, and a coating film covering the principal surface. The coating film has a horizontally orienting ability to orient in parallel the molecular major axes of the liquid crystal molecules in the condition where no voltage is impressed on the principal surface. The grooves each extend along a predetermined direction, and are arrayed repeatedly at a given pitch along the direction orthogonal to the predetermined direction.

Abstract: In a liquid-crystal-display panel (1) for displaying a barcode that is formed with bars having various widths arranged in parallel at various intervals by an electro-optic effect of liquid crystal, a direction of a transmissive axis (P1) of a polarizing film disposed on a side on which light from a barcode reader is irradiated is set to coincides with a direction in which the light is polarized. Moreover, the direction of transmissive axis (P1) of the polarizing film is set to be parallel or substantially parallel to a short side or a long side of each of the bars forming the barcode. A direction (M) of a long axis of a liquid crystal molecule (LCM) in a first ferroelectric state or in a second ferroelectric state is set to be parallel or substantially parallel to the direction of transmissive axis (P1) of the polarizing film, or set to form an angel of 45 degrees or substantially 45 degrees therebetween.

Abstract: Self-compensating, quasi-homeotropic liquid crystal devices (100, 200, 300, 400) overcome the contrast reducing effects of smaller pretilt angles. The devices exhibit extremely high contrast ratio but at the same time suppress fringe field-induced disclination lines in high pixel density and small pixel size quasi-homeotropic displays. The surface pretilt (520, 540) and cell twist (570) angles are set at values that, in combination, contribute to establishing a cuspate singularity in the contrast ratio for normally incident light in response to a drive signal switching the liquid crystal device to the OFF director field state that provides nearly 0% optical efficiency. The OFF director field state corresponds to a subthreshold drive level that provides for the liquid crystal device self-compensation for in plane optical retardation.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including a pair of substrates having a predetermined cell gap and arranged opposite to each other, vertical alignment films formed between the pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer sealed between the vertical alignment films and having a negative dielectric anisotropy, and a cured material provided in the liquid crystal layer and including a liquid crystal skeleton, which is tilted with respect to the substrate at a first angle, for changing tilt angles of liquid crystal molecules for each of predetermined regions. The vertical alignment films have an alignment control direction that defines a second angle with respect to said substrates, wherein the second angle is different from the first angle.

Abstract: It is to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of readily obtaining bend alignment across an entire liquid crystal display panel of the liquid crystal display device, with obtaining brightness while obtaining a high speed responsiveness, a feature of an OCB mode, as well as without increasing a load on an activating driver. The liquid crystal display device is arranged such that: a liquid crystal molecule in a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of substrates facing each other has a pretilt angle of not less 18° and not more than 36°; a product ?nd of a refractive index anisotropy ?n and a thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is not less than 850 nm and not more than 1170 nm; and a lateral electric field generating structure for applying an electric field parallel to the substrates and bend-aligning the liquid crystal molecules is provided in a region corresponding to a pixel.

Abstract: An optical alignment method which develops a pretilt angle by batch plane exposure without tilting a substrate. This optical alignment method provides liquid crystal aligning capability to the surface of a polymer film by exposing the surface of the polymer film through a slit exposure mask while the surface of the polymer film and the slit exposure mask are moved relative to each other substantially at a fixed rate. Alternatively, liquid crystal aligning capability is provided to the surface of the polymer film by exposing the surface of the polymer film through an optical exposure pattern while the optical exposure pattern having a plurality of lines with a certain width at certain intervals is formed on the surface of the polymer film continuously.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided which is capable of reducing the occurrence of defective display due to variations in the initial alignment direction of a liquid crystal alignment control film in a liquid crystal display of an IPS scheme, realizing the stable liquid crystal alignment, providing excellent mass productivity, and having high image quality with a higher contrast ratio. The liquid crystal display has a liquid crystal layer disposed between a pair of substrates, at least one of the substrates being transparent, and an alignment control film formed between the liquid crystal layer and the substrate. At least one of the alignment control films comprises photoreactive polyimide and/or polyamic acid provided with an alignment control ability by irradiation of substantially linearly polarized light.

Abstract: A semi-transparent homogeneous-alignment LCD device including a transmission part and a reflection part, a first linear dielectric protrusion disposed between a common electrode and a liquid crystal layer so as to extend over a plurality of pixels in a short side direction of pixels and be disposed nearly in center of the transmission part, and a second linear dielectric protrusion disposed in the reflection part between the common electrode and a first substrate so as to extend over a plurality of pixels in the short side direction, wherein an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules crosses the first and second linear dielectric protrusions at right angles and is parallel to a long side direction of pixels, and a tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules is approximately 0°, or even if there is a pre-tilt angle, the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules is 2° or less.

Abstract: A method for fabricating liquid crystal (LC) alignment includes the steps of processing an alignment film having a plurality of liquid crystal molecules with a single or plurality of plasma generating devices, such that the liquid crystal molecules are aligned at a high pretilt angle. Compared with the prior art, the present invention is suitable for modifying the alignment film surface adjustablely in directions and angles, and can attain the effect of alignment stability with a high pretilt angle in a single process, thus overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art.

Abstract: An array substrate including a substrate, multiple pixels arranged in an array on the substrate, and an alignment film disposed on the pixels is provided. The pixel includes a reflective region, a transmissive region, and a transition region formed between the reflective region and the transmissive region, wherein an included angle between at least one side of the transition region and a rubbing direction of the alignment film is smaller than or equal to 30 degree. In addition, a transflective LCD including the array substrate as described above and a fabricating method of an array substrate is further provided.

Abstract: An LCD device includes therein a splay-oriented LC layer, first and second substrates sandwiching therebetween the LC layer, and an optical compensation film for reducing leakage light upon display of a black color. The optical compensation film has three optical elastic axes including a fast axis coinciding the Y-axis, a slow axis rotated from the X-axis by a positive rotational angle ? 1, and another axis rotated from the Z-axis by the positive rotational angle ? 1. The positive rotational direction coincides with a counter-clockwise direction within the substrate surface, as viewed from minus side toward the positive side of the Y-axis.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device including vertical alignment layers formed on the substrates. The alignment layer having a polymer realizing vertical alignment is formed on the substrate an unpolarized ultraviolet light is then irradiated in the oblique direction at an angle not more than 45 degrees with respect to the surface of the alignment layer. The ultraviolet light has an exposure energy of 30 to 120 mJ/cm2 per percent of the polymer content realizing the vertical alignment of the alignment layer. The liquid crystal can thus align substantially vertically to the surface of the alignment layer, with a pretilt, and such an alignment is realized by the irradiation of the ultraviolet light, without rubbing.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel including a driving substrate and a counter substrate, the two substrates having a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. The driving substrate has pixel electrodes and transistors connected to the pixel electrodes on a surface thereof, which are covered with an alignment film. The counter substrate is provided adjacent to the alignment film of the driving substrate. The alignment film is rubbed in a direction substantially parallel to signal lines or scanning lines connected to the transistors. Each of the pixels has a projection at a substantially central position in a direction perpendicular to the rubbing direction.

Abstract: An optical device includes a ferroelectric liquid crystal material. This optical device has a first and a second substrate. A first alignment treatment is applied to a surface of the first substrate, the first alignment treatment being intended to induce an orientation of at least a portion of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material along a first alignment direction with a first pretilt angle ?1 with respect to a plane parallel to the first substrate. A second alignment treatment is applied to a surface of the second substrate, the second alignment treatment being intended to induce an orientation of at least another portion of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material along a second alignment direction with a second pretilt angle ?2 with respect to a plane parallel to the second substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an alignment layer with constituent materials. The constituent materials have a stoichiometric relationship configured to provide a given pretilt angle. Liquid crystal material is provided in contact with the alignment layer. A method for forming an alignment layer for liquid crystal displays includes forming the alignment layer on a substrate by introducing an amount of material to adjust a stoichiometric ratio of constituent materials wherein the amount is determined to provide a given pretilt angle to the alignment layer. Ions are directed at the alignment layer to provide uniformity of the pretilt angle.

Abstract: An exemplary liquid crystal display (LCD) device (2) includes a first substrate (21) and a second substrate (22). A liquid crystal layer (23) having liquid crystal molecules is interposed between the first and second substrates. The liquid crystal molecules are bend-aligned such that the liquid crystal display device is able to operate in an optically compensated bend (OCB) mode. A first alignment layer (219) and a second alignment layer (229) are respectively disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the first and second substrates. A passivation layer (227) is disposed between the second alignment layer and the second substrate, which has different height.

Abstract: An LCD device (2) includes a first substrate (21), a second substrate (22), and a liquid crystal layer (23) having liquid crystal molecules is interposed between the first and second substrates. A pretilt angle of the liquid crystal layer adjacent to one of the substrates is 0° to 15°, and a pretilt angle of the liquid crystal layer adjacent to the other substrate is 75° to 90°. This ensures that the LCD device provides a good quality display. In addition, the alignment and the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules means that the liquid crystal molecules are hybrid aligned when this is needed, and can be twisted in a very short time.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal device with a high contrast ratio without deteriorating the aperture ratios of the respective pixels by reducing inferior alignment in liquid crystal, which is caused by alignment films, a liquid crystal device includes an element substrate having active elements and pixel electrodes, a counter substrate arranged to face the element substrate and having counter electrodes that face the pixel electrodes, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the element substrate and the counter substrate. On the internal surfaces of the element substrate and the counter substrate, the alignment films are made of column-shaped inorganic material structures inclined in a predetermined direction with respect to the surface of the substrates are provided. The liquid crystal is made of liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display has first and second substrates having electrodes and a pretilt angle of 88.5° to 89.5°, a liquid crystal layer, having a thickness of d and made of liquid crystal molecule material which has a twist structure at a twist angle of 160° to 240° in a voltage application state, the liquid crystal layer containing chiral material having a pitch of p, where d/p is 0.2 to 0.74, a first polarizer disposed facing the first substrate, the first polarizer having as a transmission axis direction a first direction, a second polarizer disposed facing the second substrate, the second polarizer having as a transmission axis direction a second direction having an angle of 85° to 95° relative to the first direction, and an optical anisotropic plate disposed at least one of between the first substrate and first polarizer and between the second substrate and second polarizer.