Abstract: A liquid-crystal apparatus has an element substrate. This element substrate contains depressions inside, and these depressions are sealed with an insulating film, a silicon dioxide coating. To this end, the insulating film is formed by chemical vapor deposition, and this coating process lasts until voids formed in the depressions are closed at the top by the insulating film. Then, the insulating coating is ground. This grinding process lasts until the insulating film is flat, but should be terminated before the voids are opened.

Abstract: A thin film transistor including: an active layer formed on a substrate; a gate insulating layer pattern formed on a predetermined region of the active layer; a gate electrode formed on a predetermined region of the gate insulating layer pattern; an etching preventing layer pattern covering the gate insulating layer pattern and the gate electrode; and a source member and a drain member formed on the active layer and the etching preventing layer pattern.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and having a novel structure, and a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device. A plurality of structure bodies (also referred to as ribs, protrusions, or projecting portions) are formed over the same substrate, and a pixel electrode and an electrode (a common electrode at a fixed potential) corresponding to the pixel electrode are formed thereover. An electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer exhibiting a blue phase by using the pixel electrode that has an inclination and the electrode corresponding to the pixel electrode, which also has an inclination. A shorter distance between the adjacent structure bodies allows a strong electric field to be applied to the liquid crystal layer, which results in a reduction in power consumption for driving the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC) display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a protrusion, a BPLC, and a driving electrode. The protrusion is disposed on the first substrate. The BPLC is disposed between the first and second substrates. The driving electrode covers the protrusion. A vertical distance from the protrusion's bottom to one end portion of the driving electrode is larger than zero and less than or equal to four fifths of a height of the protrusion. Thereby, the production yield of the BPLC display panel can be increased.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first substrate and a second substrate which are located so that inner main surfaces thereof face each other; a liquid crystal layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate; a seal material located between the first substrate and the second substrate so as to surround the liquid crystal layer, the seal material bonding the first substrate and the second substrate to each other; an organic insulation film located in a seal formation area on the inner main surface of the second substrate, the organic insulation film having an opening section in the seal formation area; and an inorganic insulation film located to continue from an inside of the opening section to a surface of the organic insulation film through an inner wall surface of the opening section, the inorganic insulation film being directly covered with the seal material.

Abstract: A color filter substrate for a liquid crystal display device and a method of fabricating the same includes black matrixes on a transparent insulating substrate, the black matrixes defining pixel areas and having a first region and a second region, color filters in the pixel areas and having areas overlapping the first region of the black matrixes, and ball spacers above the second region of the black matrixes, wherein a thickness of the first region is greater than a thickness of the second region.

Abstract: A color filter includes a transparent substrate, a conductive layer, a color filtering layer, and a protection layer. The conductive layer is formed on the transparent substrate for sensing touch signals, and the periphery of the conductive layer is provided with peripheral electrodes. The color filtering layer is formed on the conductive layer and includes multiple red light filtering sections, multiple green light filtering sections, and multiple blue light filtering sections, and a pixel of a liquid crystal display device includes at least one red light filtering section, at least one green light filtering section and at least one blue light filtering section. The protection layer is formed on the color filtering layer.

Abstract: A display substrate has first and second conductive layers separated from one another by an insulation layer. The first and second conductive layers are used to integrally form on the display substrate, pixel units in a relatively central display area of the substrate and integrated gate driving circuitry as well as associated wirings thereof in one or more peripheral areas. The first and second conductive layers are covered by a first protection layer made of a first electrically insulative material. A second and supplementing protection layer is provided on top of the first protection layer. The supplementing protection layer (buffer layer) is formed of a material different from that of the first protection layer so as to provide supplemental resistance against corrosive chemical agents and supplemental resistance against formation of cracks.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device is provided. The LCD device includes a substrate having at least one pixel region defined by a pair of gate lines extending in a first direction and a pair of data lines extending in a second direction. A first insulating layer is disposed on the substrate corresponding to the pixel region. A first common electrode is disposed on the first insulating layer. A pixel electrode pattern is disposed above the first common electrode. A second insulating layer is interposed between the first common electrode and the pixel electrode pattern. A pair of second common electrodes is formed on the second insulating layer and corresponds to the pair of data lines.

Abstract: A first semiconductor layer is formed in the shape of an island in an active area displaying images on an array substrate. A second semiconductor layer is formed in the shape of an island outside the active area. A first insulating film covers the first and second semiconductor layers. A gate line is formed on the first insulating film and extends in a first direction. The gate line includes a gate electrode crossing the first semiconductor layer and a crossing portion crossing the second semiconductor layer. A second insulating film covers the gate line. A source line is formed on the second insulating film and extends in a second direction. The source line includes a source electrode contacting with the first semiconductor layer. A drain electrode is formed on the second insulating film apart from the source line and contacting with the first semiconductor layer.

Abstract: In a semi-transmission liquid crystal display device, two resist masks are required to form a reflective electrode and a transparent electrode; therefore, cost is high. A transparent electrode and a reflective electrode which function as a pixel electrode are stacked. A resist pattern which includes a region having a thick film thickness and a region having a thinner film thickness than the aforementioned region is formed over the reflective electrode by using a light exposure mask which includes a semi-transmission portion. The reflective electrode and the transparent electrode are formed by using the resist pattern. Therefore, the reflective electrode and the transparent electrode can be formed by using one resist mask.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and a method of forming the same are disclosed. The method of forming the liquid crystal display comprises: forming a gate electrode and a common electrode on a substrate; forming a gate dielectric, which covers the gate electrode and the common electrode, on the substrate; forming a channel layer, which covers the gate electrode, on the gate dielectric; forming a source electrode and a drain electrode which expose a portion of the channel layer; forming an organic layer, which contacts the exposed portion of the channel layer, on the source electrode and the drain electrode; patterning the organic layer contacting the channel layer so as to form an organic layer pattern comprising a first opening which exposes the channel layer; and forming an inorganic insulation layer which covers the channel layer exposed by the first opening.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device in a lateral electric field mode includes: a metal wiring formed on a transparent substrate; an inorganic insulating film and an organic insulating film formed on the metal wiring; and a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode formed on the inorganic insulating film and the organic insulating film so that the first and the second transparent electrodes are opposite to each other through an interlayer insulating film. The film thickness of the organic insulating film on the metal wiring is made thicker than the film thickness of the organic insulating film inside a pixel display region including the contact hole, and a projecting portion of the organic insulating film is formed on the metal wiring. A pixel electrode formed of the first electrode or the second electrode is formed on an image display region including a slope portion of the projecting portion.

Abstract: To improve the reliability of contact with an anisotropic conductive film in a semiconductor device such as a liquid crystal display panel, a terminal portion of a connecting wiring on an active matrix substrate is electrically connected to an FPC by an anisotropic conductive film. The connecting wiring is made of a lamination film of a metallic film and a transparent conductive film. In the connecting portion with the anisotropic conductive film, a side surface of the connecting wiring is covered with a protecting film made of an insulating material, thereby exposure to air of the metallic film can be avoided.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a base substrate, a reflective layer, a common electrode and a pixel electrode. The base substrate includes a pixel area having a transmissive area and a reflective area. The reflective layer is disposed in the reflective area of the base substrate. The common electrode includes a first sub-common electrode formed in the reflective area and a second sub-common electrode formed in the transmissive area. The pixel electrode includes a first sub-pixel electrode spaced apart from the first sub-common electrode by a first distance in the reflective area, and a second sub-pixel electrode spaced apart from the second sub-common electrode by a second distance less than the first distance in the transmissive area.

Abstract: A pixel structure of a fringe field switching (FFS) mode LCD is provided, and the pixel structure includes: a scan line, a thin film transistor (TFT), a common electrode, a pixel electrode, and a patterned insulative layer. The pixel electrode is insulatively disposed on the common electrode. The pixel electrode generates a fringe field corresponding to the common electrode. The patterned insulative layer, which is disposed above the scan line and the TFT, is utilized to confine the fringe field so as to reduce disordered electrical field, thereby improving the shortcoming of light leakage.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided. The liquid crystal display includes a substrate. A thin film transistor is disposed on the substrate. A passivation layer is disposed on the thin film transistor. A pixel electrode is disposed on the passivation layer. A minute space layer is disposed on the pixel electrode and includes a liquid crystal injection hole. A first overcoat is disposed on the minute space layer. A common electrode is disposed on the first overcoat. A capping layer covers the liquid crystal injection hole. The capping layer includes graphene.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes a first gate line, a second gate line, a common line, a first electrode, an insulation film, and a second electrode. The common line includes a first edge, which has a non-linear shape and is formed at a first distance from the first gate line, and a second edge, which is formed at a second distance, which is shorter than the first distance, from the second gate line. The first electrode is disposed between the first gate line and the second gate line and put in contact with the common line. The insulation film is disposed above the first electrode. The second electrode is disposed above the insulation film, opposed to the first electrode, extending immediately above the first edge of the common line, and having a slit formed therein.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate (20a) includes an insulating substrate (10a), a semiconductor layer (13a) provided on the insulating substrate (10a) and having a channel region (C), and a channel protection layer (25) provided in the channel region (C). The channel protection layer (25) is made of a multilayer film in which first insulating films and second insulating films are alternately layered. A relationship between a refractive index Ra of the first insulating film and a refractive index Rb of the second insulating film is Rb/Ra?1.3.

Abstract: In the liquid crystal display device in which a guest-host liquid crystal layer is provided between a first substrate having a reflective film which is a pixel electrode layer (also referred to as a first electrode layer) and a second substrate having a common electrode layer (also referred to as a second electrode layer), the reflective film which is a pixel electrode layer is projected into the liquid crystal layer, and a micron-sized first unevenness and a nano-sized second unevenness on the first unevenness are provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to the invention includes: a first insulation substrate; a common voltage line disposed on the first insulation substrate and including a plurality of expansions; an insulating layer disposed on the common voltage, where a contact hole is defined in the insulating layer; a common electrode disposed on the insulating layer; a second insulation substrate disposed opposite to the first insulation substrate; and a spacer disposed between the first insulation substrate and the second insulation substrate, where each of the expansions of the common voltage line overlaps one of the contact hole and the spacer.

Abstract: Provided is an image display device including: a resin member; a TFT circuit layer formed above the resin member; and an inorganic film formed on a surface of the resin member to be formed between the resin member and the TFT circuit layer, in which the inorganic film has a stress acting thereon, the stress being, at a glass transition point (Tg) of the resin member, in the range of equal to or higher than ?300 MPa to equal to or lower than 200 MPa, while, at a room temperature, in the range of equal to or higher than ?400 MPa to equal to or lower than 50 MPa.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cell wall assembly for an electro-optic display device with greyscale capability comprises: forming on a substantially planar surface of a transfer carrier, at least one dielectric structure; forming on said at least one dielectric structure at least one electrode structure; wherein said dielectric structure extends in a direction perpendicular to said surface by a distance which varies substantially within the area of the or each electrode structure; adhering said at least one electrode structure to a major surface of a substrate of glass or a plastics material; and removing the transfer carrier. Other aspects of the invention include the cell wall assembly, a device with greyscale capability, a method of manufacturing the device, and the transfer carrier.

Abstract: The active matrix substrate includes: a plurality of switching elements provided on an insulating substrate; a plurality of lines provided on the insulating substrate and connected to the switching elements; an interlayer insulating film covering the switching elements and the lines; a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on the interlayer insulating film; and a plurality of terminals connected to the lines and placed with a predetermined spacing. At least part of each of the terminals is not covered with the interlayer insulating film. A reflection layer configured to reflect light is provided in a region that is at least part of each gap between the adjacent terminals and includes an edge of the interlayer insulating film, as viewed from the normal to the surface of the insulating substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a gate line and first and second data lines disposed on the first substrate, a first thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the first data line, a second thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the second data line, a color filter disposed on the first substrate, a protrusion disposed on the color filter, a first pixel electrode including a first linear electrode disposed on the protrusion and connected to the first thin film transistor, a second pixel electrode including a second linear electrode disposed on the protrusion and connected to the second thin film transistor, a second substrate disposed facing the first substrate, and blue phase liquid crystal disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal device including a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer that is interposed between and supported by the first substrate and the second substrate, a protrusion portion that is provided on the first substrate and protrudes toward the liquid crystal layer, and a plurality of pixel electrodes that are arranged in the vicinity of the protrusion portion. In the liquid crystal device, a spacing between ends of the plurality of pixel electrodes and an end of the protrusion portion is greater than a height of the protrusion portion.

Abstract: A displaying device includes a substrate, a gate electrode formed on the substrate, a gate insulating layer, a gate a-Si region covering the gate electrode, a source metal region, a drain metal region, a data-line (DL) metal region, a passivation layer and a conductive layer. The gate a-Si region is formed on the gate insulating layer. The source and drain metal regions are formed on the gate a-Si region. The DL metal region is formed on the gate insulating layer and separated from the drain metal region at an interval. The passivation layer formed on the gate insulating layer covers the source, drain, and DL metal regions. The first and second vias of the passivation layer expose partial surfaces of the DL and drain metal regions respectively. The conductive layer formed on the passivation layer covers the first and second vias for electrically connecting the DL and drain metal regions.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal panel includes the steps of simultaneously forming a gate electrode of a TFT and a lower layer of a marking pad, simultaneously forming a gate insulating film of the TFT and a protective insulating film covering the lower layer, performing various film deposition processes and patterning processes while the lower layer is covered with the protective insulating film, exposing a main surface of the lower layer except for its periphery by removing at least a part of the protective insulating film, simultaneously forming a pixel electrode and an upper layer of the marking pad covering the main surface of the lower layer in a portion not covered with the protective insulating film, and providing marking by providing a through hole by irradiating the marking pad with laser beams.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device and a method of manufacturing the same are proposed. A first transparent conducting layer is disposed on a first via for forming a testing point. A second transparent conducting layer is disposed on a second via and a third via. The first transparent conducting layer is connected to the second transparent conducting layer. By means of the method of manufacturing, the first transparent conducting layer and the second transparent conducting layer are still connected to each other after a process of edge exposure. It ensures that the testing point could be connected to a first metallic wiring layer and a second metallic wiring layer, preventing the testing point from malfunctioning.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes: a pixel electrode provided on a substrate; a transistor being provided between the substrate and the pixel electrodes; and a holding capacitor, provided between the pixel electrode and the transistor, configured of a first electrode, a second electrode provided opposing the first electrode via a first capacitor insulation film, and a third electrode provided opposing the first electrode via a second capacitor insulation film. Both the first capacitor insulation film and the second capacitor insulation film have multiple layers; the first capacitor insulation film and the second electrode are formed symmetrical to the second capacitor insulation film and the third electrode when viewed from the first electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) having one or more index-matching layers is provided. In one embodiment, an index-matching passivation layer is provided between two additional layers of the LCD. The index-matching passivation layer may include a refractive index greater than a first layer of the two additional layers and less than a second layer of the two additional layers. Various additional devices and methods are also provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including: first and second substrates disposed oppositely to each other; a first spacer formed on a side of the first substrate so as to be directly or indirectly abutted against a side of the second substrate; and a second spacer formed on the first substrate side so as to be spaced apart from the second substrate side; wherein a concavo-convex portion is formed in an area, of the second substrate, corresponding to the second spacer on the first substrate side.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a wiring electrode and an independent gap electrode without wiring formed on a substrate, and an insulating film formed on the wiring and gap electrodes. A first display electrode, an outer second display electrode, and an inner second display electrode are formed on the insulating film and are electrically connected to the wiring electrode or the gap electrode via respective contact regions provided in the insulating film. The first display electrode overlaps with an edge portion of the gap electrode through intermediation of the insulating film. The outer second display electrode and the inner second display electrode each overlap with another edge portion of the gap electrode through intermediation of the insulating film. By such a construction, the wiring electrode is prevented from being visible or from having portions thereof being half-lit.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a pixel electrode provided on an interlayer insulation film of a pixel substrate, a seal material, a plurality of connection terminals provided outside the seal material, a first dummy electrode which is provided on the same layer as the pixel electrode in a first dummy region crossing a peripheral region of the pixel region and a region on which the seal material is disposed, a plurality of second dummy electrodes which are provided on the same layer as the pixel electrode in a second dummy region between the region on which the seal material is disposed and the plurality of connection terminals, a insulation film covering the pixel electrode, the first dummy electrode and the plurality of second dummy electrodes.

Abstract: A thin film transistor in which an effect of photo current is small and an On/Off ratio is high is provided. In a bottom-gate bottom-contact (coplanar) thin film transistor, a channel formation region overlaps with a gate electrode, a first impurity semiconductor layer is provided between the channel formation region and a second impurity semiconductor layer which is in contact with a wiring layer. A semiconductor layer which serves as the channel formation region and the first impurity semiconductor layer preferably overlap with each other in a region where they overlap with the gate electrode. The first impurity semiconductor layer and the second impurity semiconductor layer preferably overlap with each other in a region where they do not overlap with the gate electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device adapted to reduce power consumption and to prevent deterioration of the picture quality is disclosed.

Abstract: By providing a pixel electrode layer in a center of a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first common electrode layer and a second common electrode layer, a structure in which the following two optical elements are stacked can be obtained: a first liquid crystal element including the first common electrode layer, the liquid crystal layer, and the pixel electrode layer; and a second liquid crystal element including the pixel electrode layer, the liquid crystal layer, and the second common electrode layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal optical apparatus includes a first substrate unit, a second substrate unit, and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate unit includes a first substrate, first electrodes, and second electrodes. The first electrodes extend in a first direction. The second electrodes are disposed between the first electrodes. The second substrate unit includes a second substrate, a first opposing electrode, and a second opposing electrode. The second opposing electrode is separated from the first opposing electrode. The liquid crystal layer is provided between the first and second substrate units. The distance along the second direction between the central axis and a first separating region between the first opposing electrode and the second opposing electrode is longer than a distance between the central axis and the second electrode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, liquid crystal optical apparatus includes a first substrate unit, a second substrate unit, and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate unit includes a first substrate, first electrodes extending in a first direction, a first sub electrode, and a second sub electrode. The second substrate unit includes a second substrate and an opposing electrode. The liquid crystal layer is provided between the first and second substrate units and. The first substrate unit including at least one selected from: a first distance between the one electrode of the first electrodes and the first sub electrode longer than a second distance between the other electrode of the first electrodes and the second sub electrode; and a first width of the first sub electrode narrower than a second width of the second sub electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate; a second substrate spaced apart from the first substrate; and a plurality of liquid crystal molecules disposed between the first and second substrates. The first substrate includes a transparent substrate, an insulator layer formed on a surface of the transparent substrate and formed with a plurality of grooves, and a pixel electrode formed on a surface of the insulator layer and formed with a plurality of electrode slits.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a gate line on a substrate including a display region and a non-display region; odd and even data lines crossing the gate line to define a pixel region in the display region; a thin film transistor connected to the gate line and one of the odd and even data lines; a pixel electrode in the pixel region and connected to the thin film transistor; first and second data link lines electrically connected to the odd and even data lines, respectively, and formed with a gate insulating layer therebetween; and first and second data pad electrodes at one ends of the first and second data link lines, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display device and a manufacturing method thereof. The display device includes a substrate, a first conductor disposed on the substrate, a first insulating layer disposed on the first conductor, a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer, a semiconductor disposed on the second insulating layer, and a second conductor disposed on the semiconductor. A thickness of the first insulating layer is greater than a thickness of the first conductor, and the first insulating layer includes a first opening exposing the first conductor.

Abstract: A first insulating thin film having a large dielectric constant such as a silicon nitride film is formed so as to cover a source line and a metal wiring that is in the same layer as the source line. A second insulating film that is high in flatness is formed on the first insulating film. An opening is formed in the second insulating film by etching the second insulating film, to selectively expose the first insulating film. A conductive film to serve as a light-interruptive film is formed on the second insulating film and in the opening, whereby an auxiliary capacitor of the pixel is formed between the conductive film and the metal wiring with the first insulating film serving as a dielectric.

Abstract: A display device formed by plural pixels that have reflective regions and transmissive regions is disclosed. The display device includes, in each of the pixels: an element layer formed on a substrate; a planarizing layer formed on the substrate to cover the element layer; and a gap adjusting layer formed on the planarizing layer on the element layer. In the display device, the reflective region is formed by an area including the element layer, the planarizing layer, the gap adjusting layer, and a reflection electrode formed on the gap adjusting layer, and the transmissive region is formed by an area including the planarizing layer formed on the substrate excluding an area in which the gap adjusting layer is formed.

Abstract: A flat, solid counter electrode is formed on an organic passivation film. Before forming an interlayer insulating film on the counter electrode, plasma ashing is performed. A surface of the organic passivation film is trimmed by the plasma ashing, forming an overhang. The plasma ashing not only trims a surface of the organic passivation film but also roughens a surface of the counter electrode. This increases a contact area between the interlayer insulating film and the organic passivation film or counter electrode, increasing the adhesiveness therebetween. Further, the plasma ashing eliminates the remainder of a resist on the counter electrode, increasing the adhesiveness of the interlayer insulating film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate; a lower pixel electrode positioned on the first substrate; a first passivation layer positioned on the lower pixel electrode; an upper pixel electrode positioned on the first passivation layer; and an opposing electrode positioned on the second substrate, wherein the upper pixel electrode comprises a stem and a plurality of minute branches extending outwardly from the stem, and the lower pixel electrode comprises a main body overlapping the plurality of minute branches and at least one bar-shaped portion extending along an edge of the main body maintaining a predetermined gap with the edge of the main body.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a common electrode for receiving a common voltage. The liquid crystal display further includes a pixel electrode for receiving a data voltage, the pixel electrode being associated with a pixel of the liquid crystal display. The liquid crystal display further includes a switching element electrically connected to the pixel electrode for controlling transmission of the data voltage. The liquid crystal display further includes a liquid crystal layer disposed between the common electrode and the pixel electrode. The liquid crystal display further includes a plate electrode electrically connected to the switching element and including a plate that overlaps the pixel electrode, wherein the pixel electrode spans a larger area than the plate. The pixel electrode and the plate electrode are equipotential.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes first and second substrates placed opposite each other, a common electrode on one side of the first substrate to substantially cover a whole surface, a segment electrode on one side of the second substrate, a routing wire on one side of the second substrate and connected to the segment electrode, a liquid-crystalline resin film without electrical conductivity on one side of the second substrate, and a liquid crystal film between the substrates. The liquid-crystalline resin film has refractive index anisotropy being substantially equal to that of a liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal film, has molecular alignment being substantially equal to that of the liquid crystal film, and is disposed to fill a space between the routing wire and the common electrode. The liquid crystal film is disposed to fill a space between the segment electrode and the common electrode.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a display unit; and a liquid crystal variable barrier arranged so as to face the display unit, having plural strip-shaped first electrodes, a second electrode arranged so as to face the first electrodes and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first electrodes and the second electrode, and separating an image displayed by the display unit into images respectively corresponding to plural viewpoints, wherein the first electrodes are arranged so that adjacent first electrodes partially overlap each other through an insulating layer, and plural first electrodes form an opening.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pixel structure including a substrate, a common line, a first transparent electrode, an insulating layer, a drain, and a second transparent electrode. The common line is disposed on the substrate, and the first transparent electrode is disposed on the substrate and the common line and electrically connected to the common line. The insulating layer covers the substrate and the first transparent electrode, and the drain is disposed on the insulating layer. The second transparent electrode is disposed on the insulating layer and overlaps the first transparent electrode, and the second transparent electrode is in contact with the drain.