Abstract: A liquid crystal display device according to FFS technology is provided, which sufficiently provides a common electrode with common electric potential and improves an aperture ratio of pixels. A pixel electrode is formed of a first layer transparent electrode. A common electrode made of a second layer transparent electrode is formed above the pixel electrode interposing an insulation film between them. The common electrode in an upper layer is provided with a plurality of slits. The common electrode extends over all the pixels in a display region. An end of the common electrode is disposed on a periphery of the display region and connected with a peripheral common electric potential line that provides a common electric potential Vcom. There is provided neither an auxiliary common electrode line nor a pad electrode, both of which are provided in a liquid crystal display device according to a conventional art.

Abstract: A display device including an integrated type scan driver is provided. The integrated type scan driver includes a plurality of main stages connected to corresponding scan lines and disposed on a display panel. The integrated type scan driver further includes at least one dummy stage to which load of an output terminal is applied. Thus, ripple of a Q node is reduced in the dummy stage, thereby delaying multiple outputs of the main stages.

Abstract: An array substrate for a touch sensor in-cell type display device is disclosed. The array includes a base substrate, a plurality of pixels disposed on the base substrate and including a plurality of pixel rows and a plurality of pixel columns, a gate line extending in a first direction on the base substrate and disposed above and below in each pixel row, a data line extending in a second direction intersecting with the first direction on the base substrate and disposed in every two pixel columns, a touch sensing line extending in the second direction on the base substrate and parallel to the data line, a plurality of touch blocks provided by grouping the plurality of pixels by a predetermined number on the base substrate, and a common electrode disposed in each of the plurality of touch blocks.

Abstract: In a transistor substrate of a display device, a plurality of signal lines to which any one of drive signals of a gate signal and a video signal is supplied include a plurality of first signal lines to which the drive signal is supplied. The first signal line is connected to a driving driver, and is formed in an edge region positioned between an end portion of a substrate and a pixel region and in the pixel region. The first signal line is formed to pass through a first wiring formed in a first layer from a second wiring formed in a second layer in the edge region.

Abstract: A blue phase liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display device are disclosed, including a first and a second substrates disposed at an interval and parallel. Blue phase liquid crystal is disposed between the first and second substrates. The first substrate includes a first base. The second substrate includes a second base. The blue phase liquid crystal display panel includes a transmissive display region having multiple first base platforms, multiple first electrodes, each of which is disposed on each of the first base platform, and second electrodes disposed on the first base and the second base. A reflective display region has fourth electrodes only disposed on the second base. The first substrate is provided with a reflective layer corresponding to the reflective display region. When light passes through the transmissive display region and the reflective display region, phase delays of the light in the two regions are identical.

Abstract: A display device including a first display substrate including a switching element disposed on a first base, a height difference generation pattern disposed on the switching element to overlap with the switching element, a color filter layer disposed on the height difference generation pattern and covering the height difference generation pattern, an organic layer disposed on the color filter layer and including a protruding part overlapping the height difference generation pattern, and a pixel electrode disposed on the organic layer, electrically connected to the switching element, and not overlapping the protruding part; a second display substrate including a second base facing the first base; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second display substrates; and a column spacer disposed between a first surface of the second base facing the first base and the organic layer and overlapping the protruding part.

Abstract: An inspection circuit is properly protected in a display device, which the driver IC is not on the terminal area. A liquid crystal display device comprising a TFT substrate having a display area, in which video signal lines are formed, and a terminal area; a counter substrate overlapping with the display area of the TFT substrate; the counter substrate and the TFT substrate are adhered by the seal material, the display area is formed in an area surrounded by the seal material; wherein the flexible wiring circuit substrate connects to the terminal area, the driver IC, which supplies video signals to the video signal lines, is not installed in the terminal area, the inspection circuit is formed between the display area and the terminal area, wherein the inspection circuit overlaps with the counter substrate in a plan view.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a COA substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, a display device. The COA substrate includes the following layers in a wiring region: a first conduction layer including a signal wire lead; an insulation layer having a first via to expose the signal wire lead; a second conduction layer including a first metal pattern with a second via; a flat layer having a hollowed-out region; and a connection pattern. The second via is at least in part located within the hollowed-out region, and orthographic projections of a border of a portion of the second via which is located within the hollowed-out region and a border of the first via on the base substrate overlap. The connection pattern extends through the first via and the second via and connects to the signal wire lead.

Abstract: A display unit includes sub-pixels that each have a light emitting element, a capacitor, a first transistor that writes a video signal potential to the capacitor, and a second transistor that provides a drive current to the light emitting element based on a voltage stored in the capacitor. Each first transistor has a channel width Wand channel length L, such that a width to length ratio is W/L. The width to length ratio W1/L1 of one of the first transistors is different than a width-to-length ratio W2/L2 of at least one other of the first transistors.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate formed with a first gate line, a first source line, a first thin film transistor, and a first light shielding unit; a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate; and a first liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first light shielding unit is disposed between the first thin film transistor and the first liquid crystal layer, and overlaps at least a part of a first channel region of the first thin film transistor in planar view.

Abstract: Disclosed are a backplane substrate, which has a modified dummy pixel configuration, thereby preventing water permeation and cracks from the side surface due to repeated folding, and a flexible display using the same. A plurality of slits is provided in a dummy pixel portion and separates an interlayer insulation stack for respective dummy pixels.

Abstract: Provided is a display device or a display system capable of displaying images along a curved surface, a display device or a display system capable of displaying images seamlessly in the form of a ring, or a display device or a display system that is suitable for increasing in size. The display device includes a display panel. The display panel includes a first part and a second part and is flexible. The first part can display images. The second part can transmit visible light. The display panel is curved so that the second part and the first part overlap with each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an array substrate, a display device and a fault repair method for an array substrate, and belongs to the field of display technology. The array substrate includes a pixel array, a gate driver array including a plurality of gate driver units and configured to output drive signals to pixels in the pixel array, and a repair line overlapping with and insulated from the gate driver units, wherein the repair line is configured to be coupled to the failed gate driver unit and transmits a repair signal to cause the failed gate driver unit to output a normal drive signal, when any gate driver unit fails. The added repair line can realize the function of repairing when the gate driver unit fails, and improve the production efficiency of the array substrate.

Abstract: A device for separating piece goods to be stored in an automated storage facility is provided. The device includes a conveyor for conveying piece goods from a stock to a support surface of a collecting device, a controller for controlling the conveyor, a sensor, to detect the striking of the support surface by piece goods. The detector has an imager, which produces at least one recording of the underside of the support. A handling device is configured to remove a piece good from the support surface for further transport into the storage facility is coupled to the controller, which is further configured to control the handler according to the information.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display including: a first substrate; a second substrate configured to be separated from and overlap the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and including liquid crystal molecules; a first polymer layer disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer; a second polymer layer disposed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer; and a plurality of protrusions disposed in at least one of a first position between the first polymer layer and the liquid crystal layer and a second position between the second polymer layer and the liquid crystal layer, in which the protrusions include polymers of reactive mesogens, and the first polymer layer and the second polymer layer include a polymer of a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1.

Abstract: An array substrate includes a plurality of pixel units defined by intersected gate electrode lines and data lines, a plurality of independent touch-control electrodes arranged in an array, and a touch-control circuit. The touch-control circuit includes a plurality of first switch units, a plurality of first control leads, a plurality of touch-detection terminals, and a control unit. The touch-control electrode is electrically connected to one touch-control terminal through at least one of the first switch units. The first switch unit is electrically connected to the control unit through at least one of the first control leads. The first control lead is configured between any of neighboring rows of the pixel units. Further, when the array substrate is in a touch detection phase, the control unit is capable of controlling an ON status of the first switch units to allow row-by-row control of touch detection for the plurality of touch-control electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel including a plurality of pixels that are arranged in a matrix pattern, a backlight provided on a back surface side of the liquid crystal panel to emit light for illuminating the liquid crystal panel, and a viewing angle restriction film provided between the liquid crystal panel and the backlight to narrow light distribution of the light emitted from the backlight in one direction. Each pixel includes a plurality of sub-pixels that are arranged correspondingly to a plurality of display colors. An aperture in each sub-pixel is elongated in the one direction in a surface of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a base substrate, a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer, a source electrode, a drain electrode, a first black organic layer, a data line and a pixel electrode. The gate electrode is disposed on the base substrate. The semiconductor layer is disposed on the gate electrode. The source electrode is disposed on the semiconductor layer. The drain electrode is disposed on the semiconductor layer and is spaced apart from the source electrode. The first black organic layer is disposed on the source electrode and the drain electrode. The data line is disposed on the first black organic layer, and is electrically connected to the source electrode through a contact hole formed through the first black organic layer. The pixel electrode is electrically connected to the drain electrode. Thus, display quality of a display apparatus including the display substrate may be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed are an array substrate and a method of manufacturing the array substrate. The method of manufacturing an array substrate includes: forming a first metal layer on a substrate, and etching the first metal layer; forming an insulating layer on the substrate and the first metal layer; forming an active layer and an ohmic contact layer successively on the insulating layer; etching the active layer and the ohmic contact layer; forming a second metal layer on the ohmic contact layer and the insulating layer, and etching the second metal layer; forming a protective layer on the second metal layer and the insulating layer; forming a photoresist layer on the protective layer, and performing exposure and development; and forming a transparent conducting layer directly on the color filter, and etching the transparent conducting layer to form a pixel electrode layer.

Abstract: A stack of layers can be formed adjacent to a substrate before any layer within the stack is patterned. In an embodiment, combinations of substrates and stacks can be made and stored for an extended period, such as more than a week or a month, or shipped to a remote location before further manufacturing occurs. By delaying irreversible patterning until the closer to the date final product will be shipped to a customer, the likelihood of having too much inventory of a particular size or having to scrap windows for a custom order that was cancelled after manufacturing started can be substantially reduced. Further, particles between layers of the stack can be avoided. The process flows described are flexible, and many of the patterning operations in forming holes, openings, or the high resistance region can be performed in many different orders.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel, comprising a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other, and liquid crystals and sealant disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal panel has a display area and a non-display area, the first substrate has a black matrix in which a groove is provided to separate the sealant from the display area.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a multi-layered structure disposed over a substrate (101) and defining a composite lateral etch profile. The multi-layered structure includes a lower sub-layer (105-1) disposed over the substrate (101) and comprising a metal oxide material that includes indium and zinc, the indium and zinc content in the lower sub-layer (105-1) substantially defining a first indium to zinc content ratio; a middle sub-layer (105-2) disposed over the lower sub-layer (105-1) and comprising a metal material; an upper sub-layer (105-3) disposed over the middle sub-layer (105-2) and comprising a metal oxide material that includes indium and zinc, the indium to zinc content in the upper sub-layer (105-3) substantially defining a second indium to zinc content ratio smaller than the first indium to zinc content ratio; and a lateral byproduct layer formed over the lateral etched surface, comprising substantially an metal oxide of the metal material in the middle sub-layer (105-2).

Abstract: The in-cell touch display panel has a display area and a non-display area. Display IC bounding pads and touch pads are disposed in the non-display area. A touch electrode corresponds to more than one pixel structures. A touch sensing line is electrically connected to the touch electrode and one of the touch pads. A data line is electrically connected to a thin film transistor and one of the display pads. At least one of the display pads is disposed between two of the touch pads, and at least one of the touch pads is disposed between two of the display pads.

Abstract: An IPS array substrate and a liquid crystal display panel are provided. The IPS array substrate includes a substrate, a common line, a data line, a plurality of pixel electrodes, and a plurality of common electrodes. Each of the pixel electrodes and the common electrodes includes a first transparent electrode layer, a second transparent electrode layer, and a metal layer between the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer.

Abstract: There is provided an electro-optical apparatus including an element substrate that includes a display region in which a plurality of light-emitting elements are arranged, and a peripheral region in which a terminal is disposed. The light-emitting element has a structure in which a reflective electrode, an optical adjustment layer, a first electrode, a light-emitting layer, and a second electrode are laminated, and the first electrode is electrically connected to a contact electrode. The terminal has a structure in which a first terminal layer that is formed by a first conductive film which is the same as the reflective electrode, a second terminal layer that is formed by a second conductive film which is the same as the contact electrode, and a third terminal layer that is formed by a third conductive film which is the same as the first electrode are laminated.

Abstract: An input sensing unit designed to make it possible to prevent a failure due to a foreign substance, and a display device having the input sensing unit.

Abstract: A fabrication method of a thin film transistor, a fabrication method of an array substrate, a display panel, and a display device are provided. The fabrication method of the thin film transistor comprises: forming a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer and an oxide active layer; forming an inverted trapezoidal dissolution layer whose cross section is inverted trapezoidal on the oxide active layer, the inverted trapezoidal dissolution layer being soluble in an organic solvent; forming a source/drain layer on the oxide active layer, the gate insulating layer and the inverted trapezoidal dissolution layer, a thickness of the inverted trapezoidal dissolution layer being greater than a thickness of the source/drain layer; and dissolving and removing the inverted trapezoidal dissolution layer with the organic solvent and removing the source/drain layer on the inverted trapezoidal dissolution layer, to form a source electrode and a drain electrode.

Abstract: A micro LED display panel and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The micro LED display panel includes: a substrate, a plurality of micro LEDs disposed on the substrate and arranged in an array, a transparent encapsulation layer covering the plurality of micro LEDs, and a quantum dot (QD) layer disposed on the encapsulation layer. By adding the QD layer on the encapsulation layer, the short wavelength light emitted by the micro LEDs excites the QD layer to emit light, so that the micro LEDs and the QD layer form the basic display units of the micro LED display panel to expand the gamut of micro LED display panel and improve display quality of the micro LED display panel.

Abstract: Hybrid transparent conducting materials are disclosed with combine a polycrystalline film and conductive nanostructures, in which the polycrystalline film is “percolation doped” with the conductive nanostructures. The polycrystalline film preferably is a single atomic layer thickness of polycrystalline graphene, and conductive nanostructures preferably are silver nanowires.

Abstract: The present application discloses a mother substrate comprising a first region comprising a plurality of display substrate units; and a second region; the first region comprises a buffer layer on and in contact with a base substrate, the second region comprises a mat layer on and in contact with the base substrate for reducing segment difference between the first region and the second region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device with high aperture ratio is provided. The semiconductor device includes a transistor and a capacitor having a pair of electrodes. An oxide semiconductor layer formed over the same insulating surface is used for a channel formation region of the transistor and one of the electrodes of the capacitor. The other electrode of the capacitor is a transparent conductive film. One electrode of the capacitor is electrically connected to a wiring formed over the insulating surface over which a source electrode or a drain electrode of the transistor is provided, and the other electrode of the capacitor is electrically connected to one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor.

Abstract: A transistor display panel including: a driving voltage line and a first electrode disposed on a substrate; a semiconductor overlapping the first electrode; and an electrode layer overlapping the semiconductor, the electrode layer including a drain electrode, a gate electrode, and a source electrode. The first electrode and the semiconductor are connected through the source electrode.

Abstract: A touch sensor includes: a plurality of first sensor electrode columns disposed in a sensing area, the plurality of first sensor electrode columns each including one or more first sensor electrodes; a plurality of second sensor electrode columns alternately disposed with the first sensor electrode columns in the sensing area, the plurality of second sensor electrode columns each including a plurality of second sensor electrodes having a length defined by a longitudinal axis and a width extending in a direction across the length; a plurality of lines connected to the first sensor electrode columns and the second sensor electrode columns; and a pad unit including a plurality of pads connected to the lines, wherein at least some of the second sensor electrodes have a width that varies along the longitudinal axis of its respective second electrodes.

Abstract: A display device includes: a base substrate, on which first and second light blocking areas extending in first and second directions, respectively, and a pixel area are defined; a gate line above the base substrate in the first light blocking area; a data line above the base substrate in the second light blocking area; thin film transistors connected to the gate and data lines; a color filters above the base substrate in the pixel area, where the color filters have an island shape; a step-difference compensation portion above thin film transistors; a pixel electrode above the color filter in the pixel area; a black matrix above the step-difference compensation portion in the first light blocking area; and main and sub column spacers protruding from the black matrix and spaced apart from each other. The main column spacer overlaps the step-difference compensation portion.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a gate line extending in a first direction; a first data line and a second data line extending in a second direction; a thin film transistor (TFT) including a gate electrode connected to the gate line, a source electrode connected to the first data line, and a drain electrode; a vertical storage electrode line extending between the first and second data lines; a passivation layer disposed on the TFT and the vertical storage electrode line; an insulating layer disposed on the passivation layer; and a subpixel electrode disposed on the insulating layer, connected to the drain electrode, wherein the vertical storage electrode line includes an expansion, the insulating layer includes an opening exposing a portion of the passivation layer overlapping the expansion, and wherein the subpixel electrode includes a protrusion overlapping the expansion, a reinforced storage capacitor being formed between the protrusion and the expansion.

Abstract: An array substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device are provided. The array substrate includes: a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, each of the pixel units including a first transparent electrode and a color filter unit opposite to each other. A first insulating layer is disposed between the first transparent electrode and the color filter unit, a protrusion is provided between adjacent first transparent electrodes, and a vertex of the protrusion is higher than an upper surface of the first transparent electrode.

Abstract: A method of controlling a head mounted see-through electro-optical device adapted to a wearer A method of controlling a head mounted electro-optical device adapted to a wearer, the method comprising: a wearer visual profile parameter providing step, during which the value of at least one wearer parameter related to the visual profile of the wearer is provided, an head mounted device function adapting step, during which the head mounted device function of the electro-optical device is adapted based on the value of the at least one wearer parameter.

Abstract: Backlight module and display device are provided. The backlight module includes: a metal frame including a bottom plate and a sidewall, a light guide plate, a light source, an adhesive frame, and a notch. An accommodating cavity is formed between the bottom plate and a sidewall, the sidewall including first, second, third, and fourth sidewalls. The first sidewall includes at least one irregularly-shaped portion, protruding toward an inside of the accommodating cavity to form the notch. The light guide plate, the light source and the adhesive frame are all disposed in the accommodating cavity. The adhesive frame is between the light guide plate and the sidewall. The light source is between the light guide plate and the third sidewall. The adhesive frame includes at least one first gap on a side of the notch away from the light source. A first light guide portion is disposed in the first gap.

Abstract: A polymer dispersed liquid crystal film for vehicles includes an electrode unit, a first electrode provided on the electrode unit, a polymer layer provided between the electrode unit and the first electrode, and a plurality of liquid crystal molecules dispersed in the polymer layer. The electrode unit includes a resin layer and a mesh-type second electrode inserted into the resin layer. The upper surface of the second electrode is exposed to the outside of the resin layer.

Abstract: Various embodiments of methods and systems for improving and enhancing vision are disclosed. Adjustable lenses or optical systems may be used to provide adaptive vision modification. In some embodiments, vision modification may be responsive to the current state of the user's visual system. Certain embodiments provide correction of the subject's near and far vision. Other embodiments provide enhancement of vision beyond the physiological ranges of focal length or magnification.

Abstract: A display panel includes: a display functional portion formed of a display functional layer sandwiched between transparent substrates facing each other; and a touch screen portion that includes lower wiring and upper wiring made of a conductive metal material, that includes an interlayer insulating film located between the lower wiring and the upper wiring, and that includes a protective film covering the lower wiring, the upper wiring, and the interlayer insulating film. The lower wiring of the touch screen portion is formed on a surface on an observer side of the transparent substrate on the observer side.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel capable of sensing a touch includes a TFT substrate 1; a CF substrate 2 arranged so as to be opposed to the TFT substrate 1; a liquid crystal layer 3 interposed between the TFT substrate 1 and the CF substrate 2; touch drive electrodes Tx arranged on a liquid crystal layer 3 side of the CF substrate 2; touch detection electrodes Rx arranged on a side of the CF substrate 2 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 3; a pressing detection electrode Fx arranged on a liquid crystal layer 3 side of the TFT substrate 1; and a control unit that supplies a driving signal to the touch drive electrodes Tx and detects detection signals output from the touch detection electrodes Rx, thereby detecting a touch position, and that detects amounts of change in electrostatic capacitances generated between the touch drive electrodes Tx and the pressing detection electrode Fx, thereby detecting pressing when touched.

Abstract: A display substrate and a display device are provided. The display substrate includes: a base substrate; a first insulating layer arranged on the base substrate, at least one wire containing groove being provided on the first insulating layer; and at least one signal line, at least one of the signal lines being arranged in the wire containing groove, and one wire containing groove being configured to contain one signal line; and a second insulating layer, covering the first insulating layer and the signal line. The display device comprises the display substrate provided by the technical solution described above.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display device, including a substrate including a first pixel area, a second pixel area having a smaller area than the first pixel area and connected to the first pixel area, and a peripheral area surrounding the first pixel area and the second pixel area, a first pixel provided in the first pixel area and a second pixel provided in the second pixel area, a first line connected to the first pixel and a second line connected to the second pixel, a dummy part disposed in the peripheral area, overlapping with at least one of the first line and the second line, and providing a parasitic capacitance that compensate for a difference in a load value between the first line and the second line; and a power supply line provided in the first pixel area and the second pixel area, wherein the dummy part includes an insulating layer having at least one contact hole.

Abstract: An array substrate, a manufacturing method thereof and a display device are provided. The array substrate including a slit electrode, wherein the slit electrode includes a plurality of slits; and one end of each of the slits is opened. Problem of overlarge area of dark region at edges of a subpixel is solved, thereby improving the transmittance and the light efficiency of liquid crystals.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display substrate and a method of manufacturing the same, and a display device. The display substrate includes a base substrate and a sensing electrode layer located on one side of the base substrate, the sensing electrode layer comprising a sensing electrode and a dummy pattern that comprises dummy sub-patterns arranged into columns, each dummy sub-pattern having a first border defining the dummy sub-pattern in a column direction, and first borders of the dummy sub-patterns being non-periodically arranged.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses an array substrate comprising: a substrate; a driver chip, located on the substrate; a plurality of data lines, arranged in turn on the substrate, extended longitudinally and electrically connected to the driver chip; a plurality of high level lines; a metal block, located on the substrate and electrically connected to the high level lines, so that the high level lines at the same high level; wherein the data lines are electrically connected to driver chip through the area which the metal block is located in, and an insulating layer exists between the metal block and the data lines, a hollow area located in the metal block overlaps the data lines to reduce parasitic capacitance formed by the metal block and the data lines. This disclosure also discloses an AMOLED display device. Impact of resistor-capacitor delay and damage to components can be reduced by using this disclosure.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal layer between a first substrate and a second substrate, a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines on the first substrate, and a plurality of pixels connected to the plurality of gate lines and the plurality of data lines, the plurality of pixels including a pixel electrode and a switching element connected to the pixel electrode, wherein pixel electrodes in one of an odd-numbered row and an even-numbered row are in odd-numbered columns, respectively, and wherein pixel electrodes in the other of the odd-numbered row and the even numbered row are in even-numbered columns, respectively.

Abstract: A display device is provided, including a first substrate including a first basement, a scanning line extending along the first direction, a drive circuit connected to the scanning line, a first pad and a second pad arranged along a second direction between a first edge of the first basement and the drive circuit, a second substrate including a second basement includes a first surface opposing the first substrate and spaced from the first substrate and a second surface, and a detection electrode located on the second surface, and including a hole which penetrates between the first surface and the second surface, and a connecting material provided through the hole to electrically connect the first pad and the detection electrode to each other.

Abstract: An array substrate, a method for manufacturing the same and a display device are provided. The array substrate includes an insulating layer and a conductive structure in the non-display region. The insulating layer includes at least one aperture in the non-display region. The aperture has a one-to-one correspondence with the conductive structure. The conductive structure is within the aperture, and the surface of the conductive structure is lower than the surface of the insulating layer.