Abstract: A rubbing system for an alignment layer of a liquid crystal display (LCD) device, comprises: a rubbing table on which a substrate having an alignment layer thereon is positioned; a rubbing roll on which a rubbing material is wound, substantially positioned on the rubbing table thus to substantially contact the alignment layer, for rubbing the alignment layer by rotation of the rubbing roll; and a controlling unit for controlling the alignment layer to be rubbed by substantially contacting the rubbing roll onto the alignment layer by simultaneously lifting and lowering a rubbing table and the rubbing roll according to an alignment controlling force to be applied to the alignment layer.

Abstract: On the display surface side of a DV display apparatus which performs image separation via a parallax barrier, a normally-white TN liquid crystal section is arranged such that a viewing angle direction heads toward the passenger seat. In a case where display is performed for both the driver's seat and the passenger seat, a drive voltage of the TN liquid crystal section is switched off. In a case where display for the driver's seat is set to non-display and an image is displayed only for the passenger seat, a halftone voltage is applied as the drive voltage of the TN liquid crystal section. In the case where display for at least one display direction is set to non-display in a display apparatus which can display different images in plural display directions by using a common display screen, it is possible to prevent image light for other directions from leaking to the non-display direction.

Abstract: A driving system and method for liquid crystal display is disclosed. The system stores only the driving values corresponding to specific grayscale values of pixels on a current frame and specific grayscale values of pixels on a previous frame. The stored driving values are then used by an operation processing unit of the system to calculate out driving values to be applied to the current frame. Moreover, the system is provided with a logic judging unit for preventing the noises of the frame from being overdriven.

Abstract: A polarization-selective diffractive optical element includes a liquid crystal polymer film supported by a substrate. The liquid crystal polymer film includes an array of pixels, each pixel encoded with a fixed liquid crystal director such that each liquid crystal director is aligned in a common plane perpendicular to the liquid crystal polymer film and provides a predetermined pattern of out-of-plane tilts. A size of the pixels in the array and the predetermined pattern are selected such that the liquid crystal polymer film forms a phase hologram for diffracting light polarized parallel to said common plane and a zeroth order diffraction grating for light polarized perpendicular to the said common plane. The non-etched and flat phase hologram is suitable for a wide range of applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal glare-proof mirror including a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate formed of resin layers having refractive index anisotropy. The refractive index anisotropy of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate allows an ordinary ray to be separated from an extraordinary ray in which the incident light is refracted in different directions depending on an angle at which the incident light comes into the one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal glare-proof mirror capable of displaying a picture in which a non-glare-proof mode and a glare-proof mode is switched, including a first polarizing plate for selecting a polarization component to be transmitted; a liquid crystal cell disposed at a back of the first polarizing plate, the liquid crystal cell having two control areas, each of which is controlled independently; a second polarizing plate disposed at a back of the liquid crystal cell, the second polarizing plate transmitting either one of two orthogonal polarization components of light and reflecting the other one of the polarization components; and an image generating apparatus disposed at a part of a back of the second polarizing plate, the part corresponding to either one of the two control areas, the image generating apparatus ejecting picture light having a polarization component which is transmitted through the second polarizing plate.

Abstract: The present invention represents an object with high-quality texture. A texture image display apparatus includes: a panel display device (20) having a plurality of pixels (21); a lens array (30) having a plurality of lenses for controlling outgoing directions of light outputted from the pixels (21); a pixel data generation part (14) for generating pixel data for each pixel; and a panel driving circuit 15 for driving the panel display device (20) on the basis of the pixel data. One lens (31) is provided for a plurality of adjacent pixels (21), and directs light outputted from these adjacent pixels (21) in directions different from one another. For each pixel (21), the pixel data generation part (14) generates pixel data of different image brightness levels depending on outgoing direction of light, for the same image point in displayed content.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display with an IC tag in which information of an IC chip can be read from the surface of the liquid crystal display, while the IC chip can be mounted on the small-size liquid crystal display without lowering the attraction of design thereof. A common electrode is formed in a wide region of an upper electrode layer constituting the liquid crystal display. Antennas are formed in a region of an edge portion of the upper electrode layer where the common electrode is not formed, and within the region of a surface-side glass. An IC chip is placed out of the region of the surface-side glass. X-axis and Y-axis matrix electrodes are formed in a region of a lower electrode layer opposite to the common electrode.

Abstract: An optical system includes at least one lens and a liquid crystal optical element. The liquid crystal optical element is constructed so that a first liquid crystal lens and a second liquid crystal lens are oppositely arranged so that orientation directions cross at right angles with each other in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis, a voltage applied to the liquid crystal optical element is controlled and a shift of a focal position relative to incident light from a different object point is corrected, and when the liquid crystal optical element does not have a ray deflecting action, a far object point is brought into focus, while when the liquid crystal optical element has the ray deflecting action, a near object point is brought into focus.

Abstract: A display device useful to create an interactive image having different sizes by employing one display panel that is allowed to emit the light toward both directions.

Abstract: A solar-powered LCD device, e.g., for a clock, includes a solar cell arrangement and a liquid crystal display. The solar cell arrangement includes an at least partially transparent carrier and at least one solar cell provided with at least one at least partially transparent contact, at least one first polarizer, a first at least partially transparent carrier, a first at least partially transparent contact, a liquid crystal, a second transparent contact, a second transparent carrier, a second polarizer, and a reflector in a stacked arrangement. The carrier of the solar cell arrangement is one of the carriers of the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A memory device includes first electrodes, second electrodes, third electrodes, heaters, and memory cells between the first electrodes and the heaters. Each third electrode is provided on the heaters, and each second electrode is provided at a side portion of the heaters. Each memory cell contains an electroconductive liquid crystal compound having a long linear conjugate structure and exhibiting a smectic phase as a liquid crystal phase. Information can be written in the memory cells by selectively heating the heaters to cause the corresponding memory cells to have both electroconductivity and optical anisotropy.

Abstract: A LCD hanging-brand using solar energy for advertising, which includes a transparent base, a transparent scaling cover, a PCB board, a picture layer, a LCD sheet, a solar sheet, LEDs, a storage battery and a metal coil. One or more color transparent films can be mounted in the picture layer, and the films can be rotated by a motor or a rotating button. The LCD sheet is transparent when it is not turned on, and the image of the picture layer can be seen through the LCD sheet.

Abstract: There is provided a plasma display apparatus capable of reducing the cost and complexity of fitting circuit boards to a chassis base. The plasma display apparatus comprises a plasma display panel (PDP), a chassis base having a first side attached to the PDP, the first side also supporting the PDP, and circuit boards provided at a second side of the chassis base opposite to the first side attached to the PDP. The chassis base has at least one boss and at least one supporter disposed thereon, which correspond to holes disposed in a circuit board.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic multi-user display comprising a sweet-spot unit which is directionally controlled by a tracking and image control device (160), wherein an illumination matrix (120) is provided with separately activatable illuminating elements (11 . . . 56), in addition to an imaging device used to alternatingly image active illuminating elements, for making expanded sweet spots (SR1/SR2) visible to various eye positions (EL1/ER1, EL2/ER2) of viewers observing alternating images or a stereoscopic image sequence on a transmissive image matrix (140) with the aid of directed beams (B1R . . . B5L).

Abstract: The present invention provides a LCOS display. The display comprises a first PCB, an interface module, a first silicon chip, and a flat cable. The interface module is disposed on the first PCB and used to receive an audio and video signal. The first silicon chip comprises a display area, a processing area, and a metal layer. The display area comprises a pixel array in a LCOS panel formed on the first silicon chip. The processing area comprises a processing unit formed on the first silicon chip. The metal layer is formed on the first silicon chip for electrically connecting the display area with the processing area. The flat cable is used to electrically connect the interface module with the processing unit.

Abstract: On a glass substrate, gate bus lines, data bus lines, and TFTs are formed. Then, on the substrate, an insulating film, covering the gate bus lines, data bus lines and TFTs, is formed, and a positive type photoresist film is further formed thereon. Next, through exposure and development processes, the resist film is divided for each picture element and subjected to ultraviolet ray irradiation to harden only a surface layer thereof. Then, the resist film is subjected to heat treatment to form thereon wrinkle-form surface ruggedness of a uniform pattern, which is determined depending on the size of the resist film. Subsequently, reflection electrodes are formed on the resist film. The reflection electrodes are formed to overlap the gate bus line, data bus line and TFTs, and the regions between the adjacent reflection electrodes serve as light transmission regions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mechanical shutter (601) that comprises a shutter element having a layer of polymerized liquid crystal. The polymerized liquid crystal is anisotropically oriented. At one major surface the orientation is an isotropic. In moving towards the opposite major surface the orientation varies, the variation being such that the thermal expansion coefficient varies in moving from the major surface to the opposite surface. When exposed to non-mechanical means such as heat, the shutter element moves. When for example a splayed or a twisted nematic orientation is used, the element bends and straightens in response to the non-mechanical means. Electrodes (604, 605, 606) can optionally be formed on the element and on a supporting substrate, rendering the element controllable by an electric field applied between the electrodes due to resulting electrostatic forces. The invention furthermore provides a method of manufacturing such mechanical shutters using in-situ polymerization.

Abstract: A small switch having a liquid crystal display includes an operation button; a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal panel for displaying information including characters and/or pictures on the operation button and a printed circuit board on which an IC chip, which serves as a driver circuit for the liquid crystal panel, is mounted, the liquid crystal display device being housed in the operation button; a switch body including a contact mechanism for opening and closing an electrical path by vertically moving the operation button; and backlight sources having different colors. The liquid crystal panel is an antiferroelectric liquid crystal panel. The backlight sources are sequentially turned on at high speed below the antiferroelectric liquid crystal panel, and liquid crystal screens having different display contents for every color are displayed in synchronization with the turning on of the backlight sources to achieve multicolor display.

Abstract: An aligning device that can reliably correct misalignment between electronic components for increasing the accuracy in aligning the electronic components, a bonding apparatus equipped with the aligning device, and an aligning method. The aligning device comprises a chamber; a flexible bellows configured to define an airtight chamber therein with the chamber; a driving unit configured to move one of a first block member and a second block member relative to the other, the first block member being for holding a first electronic component and being provided in the airtight chamber, and the second block member being for holding a second electronic component and being provided in the airtight chamber; and an image-taking port protruding inward from an outer surface of the chamber so as to define a space, the image-taking port having an observation window through which at least one of the first electronic component and the second electronic component is observed.

Abstract: A security document or device (30) is provided which has a substrate (31) including at least one layer (35,37) of polymeric material and an optical component formed by at least one orientating (PPN) layer (34) and at least one liquid crystal polymer (LCP) layer (36) in contact with the orientating layer (34). An intermediate prime layer (38) is provided between the optical component and the substrate (31) which improves the adhesion of the optical component to the substrate (31). The prime layer (38) may include a hydroxyl terminated polymer which is cross-linked by a multifunctional isocyanate. A security document with such a prime layer between the optical component and a polymeric surface of the substrate is more robust and able to withstand rough treatment without significantly affecting the optical properties of the optical component.

Abstract: Compounds that are useful in compositions for flat panel displays, for example, are provided. The compounds provided are polar, and are useful in low threshold voltage mixtures. The compounds provided have the general structure: CpCOCH2[A]nZ1[B]mZ2PhX1X2Y, where CpCOCH2 is the structure: A and B are independently in each instance selected from the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexane, 1,4-phenyl, 1,3-dioxan-5,2-diyl; pyridine-5,2-diyl; and pyrimidin-5,2-diyl; n and m are independently in each instance 0, 1 or 2; Z1 and Z2 are independently a single bond, —(CH2)2—, CF2O, OCF2, CH2O, OCH2, —C?C—, COO, OOC; and Y is selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, CN, OCH2F, CHF2, OCF3, and CF3.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polarization switching liquid crystal element 1 having TN liquid crystal 7 retained between two transparent substrates 2a and 2b for transmitting at least visible polarized light with the polarized light transmission axis selectively rotated by 90 degrees when a voltage is selectively applied to the TN liquid crystal 7, wherein a phase difference u of said TN liquid crystal 7 is defined by the following equation: u=2×?n×d/?, where ?n is the refractive index anisotropy of said TN liquid crystal 7, d is the thickness of said TN liquid crystal 7, and ? is the wavelength of said polarized light, and a transmittance T of said polarization switching liquid crystal element measured with polarization plates on the incident and outgoing sides is defined by the following equation: T=(½)×sin2{?(1+u2)1/2/2}/(1+u2), and wherein the phase difference u includes a value 1.7 and the transmittance T is 0.1 or lower when the ? ranges from 400 nm to 700 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device and a driving method thereof. The organic electroluminescent device according to the present invention comprises a plurality of scan lines in a first direction, a plurality of data lines in a second direction different from the first direction, a panel having a plurality of pixels formed on crossing areas of data lines and scan lines, and a data driving circuit which drives the pixels according to a display data and a brightness control data inputted from external apparatuses. The data driving circuit comprises a display data recognizing circuit which receives display data from a first external apparatus in the external apparatuses and a current generating circuit which receives brightness control data from a second external apparatus in the external apparatuses, and applies a data current according to the display data recognized in the display data recognizing circuit and the brightness control data to the data lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal element comprising a pair of transparent substrates, a liquid crystal layer which fills in between the pair of substrates and can form a chiral smectic C phase in homeotropic orientation, and an electrode which generates, at least, an electric field (parallel electric field) in directions parallel to a principal face of the substrate for the liquid crystal layer is provided, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises, at least, a chiral compound of the following general formula (1-I) or a chiral compound of the following general formula (2-I) and a chiral compound of the following general formula (2-II) in a base liquid crystal material which can provide a phase sequence of an isotropic liquid phase, a nematic phase, a smectic A phase and a smectic C phase from a higher temperature side, wherein R1, A2, Z1, Z2, m and I in formula (1-I), X, R1, R2, and * in formula (2-I), and X, R3, R4, R5, and * in formula (2-II) are defined in the specification.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is an indicator of presence of AC voltage in medium or high voltage conductors and/or conducting elements of transmission and distribution systems, whose basic AC voltage detecting and indicating element is a liquid crystal display (1). The indicator according to the invention is characterized in that its housing (8) has the shape of a frame closed by a transparent plate (9) on the front and by a conducting element (10) on the back. At least one row of circumferential ribs (11) is positioned around the frame window. The liquid crystal display (1) is placed hermetically between the transparent plate (9) of the frame window and the conducting element (10) and it has electrodes in the form of conducting segments.

Abstract: A multilayer body (1) having an optically active first layer system (10) is described, in which case the first layer system (10) is an optically variable device (OVD), and the optical effect of the first layer system (10) can be influenced by an electrically controllable second layer system (20).

Abstract: A computerized wagering game system includes a gaming module comprising a processor and gaming code which is operable when executed on the processor to present a wagering game on which monetary value can be wagered via at least one mechanical reel and a liquid crystal display (LCD). The liquid crystal display has at leas tone transparent portion through which the mechanical reel or reels can be observed. A blocking mechanism is operable to selectively limit visibility through the LCD transparent portion, such as for display of graphics on the transparent portion of the LCD display.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electronic device, based on discotic liquid crystalline material, to methods of production of such a device, and to uses thereof.

Abstract: A display device includes a light source that supplies light, a phase modulator that modulates the phase of the light from the light source to form an image, and an imaging optical system that focuses the image formed through the modulation performed by the phase modulator. The phase modulator produces diffracted light according to a phase modulation pattern while changing the phase of the light so as to form an intermediate image between the phase modulator and the imaging optical system, and the phase modulator also changes the position of the intermediate image.

Abstract: The invention relates to the fabrication of optical microsystems for miniature cameras or miniature matrix displays. It is proposed that N dot matrix arrays and associated circuits should be collectively fabricated, on the front of a semiconductor wafer, to produce N identical chips, with on the side of each array, external connection lands; a plate, used to collectively form N identical optical image-forming structures, each optical image-forming structure covering a respective chip and being designed to form an overall image corresponding with the whole of the matrix array of the respective chip, is fabricated collectively and placed in close contact with the front of the semiconductor wafer; through the thickness of the wafer, conductive vias extending to the contact lands are opened, and, only after these various operations, the wafer is divided into N individual optical microsystems comprising an electronic chip covered by an optical structure.

Abstract: A dope containing cellulose acylate as a main content of polymer is cast on a front surface of a moving belt in a method of producing a film from a solution. A drying apparatus is confronted to a back surface of said belt to evaporate a solvent in the gel-like film. Further, a condensers are confronted to a cast surface of said gel-like film to condense a solvent vapor for recovery. A wind speed above and near the gel-like film is from 0.01 m/s to 0.5 m/s, and the belt is transported downwards at the casting position PS. When d (mm) is a distance between the casting surface and each condenser, Tw (° C.) is a temperature of each condenser, and Ts (° C.) is a temperature of the casting dope, conditions are satisfied: Q=(Ts?Tw)/d and 5<Q<100. The obtained film is excellent in thickness uniformity and optical properties, and therefore adequate for the optical film.

Abstract: An identification medium 101 has a stacked structure comprising a fabric 102, an ordinary printed layer 103 of an ordinary black ink, and an identification layer 104 of an ink including cholesteric liquid crystals. A predetermined printed character is formed by the identification layer 104, whereby a print display utilizing optical characteristics of cholesteric liquid crystals is formed. The ordinary printed layer 103 functions as a flattening layer to smooth the asperity of the fabric 102, whereby optical characteristics of the identification layer 104 is effectively performed. Thus, the identification medium 101 is comprised of the fabric 102 as a substrate, whereby the design of articles such as garments and accessories is not spoiled and discomfort is not caused.

Abstract: A light diffusion element includes a light diffusion layer that contains at least two types of liquid crystal molecules each having a different light scattering characteristic defined by a voltage and a refractive index. A pair of electrodes sandwiches the light diffusion layer, an applying unit generates and applies a variable voltage to the pair of electrodes, and a voltage changing unit varies the voltage generated by the applying unit. The voltage changing unit varies the voltage such that each of the refractive indexes of the liquid crystal molecules in the light diffusion layer changes temporally.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display element for showing information as a screen image; and an ornamental member disposed on a display surface of the display element and having a shape corresponding to the screen image. The ornamental member includes a light transparent element and a light nontransparent element. The screen image includes a designed image on a position of the display surface corresponding to the light transparent element. The display element outputs a screen image light from the display surface. The screen image light corresponding to the designed image passes through the light transparent element so that the screen image light is outputted from the ornamental member to the display side.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) based communication device (100) is designed to transmit and/or receive data via optical communication signals passing through the liquid crystal (LC) layer (20). To perform data transmission, one or more optical transmitter light sources (80) may be implemented within the LCD stack (e.g., in the backlight cavity) of the device, for transmitting data-encoded optical communication signals through the LC layer. To operate as a data receiver, one or more light sensing devices (90) may be implemented in the LCD stack to sense optical communication signals entering the device through the LC layer.

Abstract: A lightening ornament with a mirror, the ornament is used as a mirror when not in lightening, ornamental articles loaded in the ornament can be seen by irradiating of light rays through the mirror when in lightening of the lightening unit. The ornament at least comprises: a bottom plate with a receiving groove, an upper lid used to cover the bottom plate from above and is provided on its top with a mirror frame, a mirror provided in the mirror frame, at least a lightening unit, at least an electric power supply unit supplying electric power for the lightening unit, a switch and an ornamental article received in the receiving groove. When in lightening of the lightening unit, the mirror has a function of mirror image forming originally can give an effect of displaying the ornamental article loaded in the receiving groove; the ornament can be used as a key-ring ornamental pendant, an ornamental pendant for a mobile phone, a picture frame or a liquid crystal timer etc.

Abstract: In a rotating mechanism including a pair of members 11 and 11 having opposed surfaces B which are opposed to each other and provided to be relatively movable in a state in which the opposed surfaces B are opposed to each other, a liquid crystal LC provided between the opposed surfaces B and B of the members 11 and 11, and liquid crystal molecule rotating means for rotating a liquid crystal molecule m of the liquid crystal LC in a crossing surface crossing one of the opposed surfaces B and B, the liquid crystal molecule rotating means includes a pair of orientation films 12 and 12 formed on the opposed surfaces B and B, and the orientation films 12 and 12 are subjected to a rubbing treatment in which directions of a rotation around an identical crossing line crossing the members 11 and 11 are reverse to each other along a circumference of a circle having a center on the crossing line.

Abstract: A composite liquid crystal panel that interacts with an inspection station to simulate operating liquid crystal displays, and methods of fabricating and testing such liquid crystal panels. The composite liquid crystal panel enables the application of operating voltages to a plurality of unit liquid crystal panel areas. The inspection station provides operating power, illuminating light, and first and second polarizers. When power is applied to the composite liquid crystal panel an image is produced. That image will show defects in the unit liquid crystal panel areas. Beneficially, the inspection station tilts to enable easier problem identification.

Abstract: Tolane compounds of the formula I wherein R1, R2, L1, L2 and L3 are as defined herein, are described. Further described are liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one tolane compound of formula I as well as liquid-crystal display elements containing such a liquid-crystalline medium.

Abstract: A substrate bonding apparatus for a liquid crystal display device includes a vacuum processing chamber, a lower stage provided in an interior of the vacuum chamber, an upper stage provided in the interior of the vacuum chamber and having at least one first through hole, a stage moving system having a stage moving axis connected to one of the lower and upper stages, and a driving motor, and at least one first alignment system having one end provided in the interior of the vacuum chamber for aligning a first substrate and a second substrate.

Abstract: A display window of a mobile phone, which prevents a deposited layer from being exposed and being oxidized/corroded, thereby improving not only the quality of the display window but also the reliability on the mobile phone provided with the display window. The display window has a deposited layer and a printed layer, which are formed in sequence on a transparent sheet, and a protective layer coated on outer edges of the deposited layer and printed layers, thereby preventing the deposited layer from being exposed.

Abstract: A videocassette has a display portion for displaying recorded contents. The display portion is formed with a display device. The display portion is formed with a display device. The display device has a conductive layer, a PDLC (polymer-dispersed liquid crystal) film, and a protective layer. The display device can repeatedly record and erase visible information.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a composition comprising silver metal particles and an additive, characterized in that the additive is a silane derivative comprising at least one methyl group and at least one alkoxy group. Preferably, the silane derivate is methyl trimethoxysilane, methyl triethoxysilane, or a mixture thereof. The compositions can be used to make thermal resistant conductive silver-containing layers, for instance for use in AMLCD.

Abstract: Provided herein are consumer products contained in conventional containers. A consumer product packaged according to the present invention is one which exhibits birefringence, and the packaging used according to the present invention is arranged so that the consumer product is caused to exist between two layers of polarizing film and is thus capable of exhibiting the phenomenon of birefringence to consumers under ambient lighting conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an identification mark portion and fabricating method thereof, more particularly, to an identification mark portion introduced in a liquid crystal display panel and a fabricating method thereof, which minimizes the error in verifying an ID of a pad by preventing at least two insulating layers from overlapping each other over the upper part of the pad. The present invention includes an insulating substrate, an ID mark pad including an ID mark on the insulating substrate, and a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer on the insulating substrate wherein the first and second insulating layers expose the ID mark in the ID mark pad. In another aspect, the present invention includes the steps of forming an ID mark pad including an ID mark on an insulating substrate, and forming a first and a second insulating layer which expose the ID mark in the ID mark pad.

Abstract: A coloring composition for a color filter composed of composite particles having an average particle diameter of 0.00 1 to 1.0 ?m, and containing white inorganic particles, a glue coating layer formed on the surface of the white inorganic particle and an organic pigment coat formed on the glue. A dispersant, binder resin, monomer as a reactive diluent, a polymerization initiator and a solvent are also present. The colorant provides not only a sharp particle size distribution but also excellent light resistance.

Abstract: The transfer apparatus includes a light source, a transmission type image display device in which a liquid crystal layer is held between two sets of substrates and polarizing plates and a photosensitive recording medium. The light source, the image display device and the photosensitive recording medium are arranged in series along a direction in which light from the light source advances and the image display device and the photosensitive recording medium are arranged in a non-contact state. A display image transmitted from the transmission type image display device is transferred to the photosensitive recording medium. A distance between the image display device and the photosensitive recording medium and a sum total of thicknesses of the substrate and the polarizing plate at least on a side of the photosensitive recording medium in the image display device are set in accordance with a definition of the display image.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to stable emissive aggregates of polymers. The aggregates are composed of various polymer molecules arranged in such a way as to allow extended electronic couplings between nearby polymer molecules, enhancing exciton transport, while minimizing the effects of quenching due to interchain interactions. For example, the polymer molecules may be arranged in a non-aligned, electronically-communicative manner (for example, at an oblique angle), stabilized by various methods such as chemical linkages or physical interactions. Within the aggregate, electronic interactions along the polymer molecule may extend to nearby polymer molecules, which may be observed as a shift in the absorption spectra relative to a random dispersion. Light emitted from the aggregate may be polarized in some cases, for example, linearly or circularly, which may be caused by chiral arrangements of polymers within the aggregate (the polymers themselves may or may not be chiral).

Abstract: Equipment for aligning liquid crystals is provided, comprising a first unit to form a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer on a first substrate group and a second substrate group, respectively; a second unit spaced apart from the first unit so as to receive the first and second substrate groups passed through the first unit; an alignment unit disposed between the first and second units, the alignment unit to provide a liquid crystal alignment part over the first alignment layer of the first substrate group while the first substrate group is transported through a first path from the first unit to the second unit; and a transportation unit disposed between the first and second units, the transportation unit to transport the second substrate group through a second path from the first unit to the second unit.