Abstract: An apparatus for correcting a focal point according to a lens temperature includes an operation unit, to which data concerning a distance between a focusing lens and an object, data concerning a distance of the focusing lens and a focusing screen, and data concerning a variation of a focal point of the focusing lens per temperature variation are inputted beforehand. When data on a desired magnification are inputted, the operation unit performs arithmetic operations on a focal point at a present temperature. According to the calculated data, adjusting means adjusts distance between the focusing lens and the object, and that between the focusing lens and the focusing screen. As the temperature of the focusing lens further changes, the operation unit continues calculating the variation of the focal point, and another adjusting means adjusts the focal points accordingly.

Abstract: Disclosed is a copying machine employing a uni-focus projection lens in which the lens and a mirror for changing the conjugates length are driven to move independently according to a set magnification ratio and the focal length of the lens. Either the lens or the mirror is moved by a stepping motor according to a set first magnification ratio and the focal length of the lens. Calculated from the travel of either the lens of the mirror is a second magnification ratio, and the other one of the mirror and the lens is moved according to the second magnification ratio. In another way, first the lens is moved according to the set magnification ratio and the focal length of the lens. Calculated from the travel of the lens is the theoretical conjugate length at the set magnification ratio, and the mirror is moved according to the theoretical conjugate length. In another way, first the mirror is moved according to the set magnification ratio and the focal length of the lens.

Abstract: Disclosed is a microfilm reader/printer which projects a microfilm image onto a screen and which makes a copy in an enlarged or reduced state of the image suitable to a selected copying paper size. On the screen there are provided marks which indicate image ranges in printing with respect to both vertically long and laterally long images, and a projective magnification of a lens is adjusted so that the profile of the image projected on the screen conforms to the marks. In copying, a change is made automatically to a new projective magnification calculated in conformity with a selected copying paper size, and a copy is obtained at the new projective magnification. When a longitudinal direction of the image projected on the screen and that of copying paper are not coincident with each other, both can be rendered coincident with each other by rotating an image rotating prism disposed in a projective optical system.

Abstract: An image reader having a scanning optical means for a document, a projection lens and an image sensor for reading an image of a document is disclosed. The image reader includes a pattern element on which a predetermined pattern having two edges symmetric with respect to the optical axis of the projection lens at a predetermined reading magnification and a circuit for determining the center position of an image of a document based on data obtained when the predetermined pattern is read by the image sensor through the projection lens at a designated reading magnification.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for printing an image of a negative film on a photographic print paper. The apparatus is equipped with a zoom lens for changing a printing magnification rate and the zoom lens incorporates an adjustable diaphragm for changing an aperture size. A standard F-number for each of possible magnification rates is predetermined in view of actual printing result, and a resultant F-number is stored in a memory for each of possible magnification rates. In the apparatus provided a sensor, disposed on the optical axis of the zoom lens, for detecting the illuminance of a projected surface on the photographic print paper and CPU for controlling the adjustable diaphragm in response to the detected illuminance to determine an optimum aperture size to obtain the predetermined F-number for each of possible magnification rates. The optimum aperture size is stored in the memory for each of possible magnification rates.

Abstract: A copying apparatus includes an automatic document feeding unit for sequentially circulating and feeding documents to be copied, an image forming unit for forming images on the documents on both surfaces of each copying paper sheet by an electrophotographic process, a punching/binding unit for punching or binding a plurality of copying paper sheets subjected to image formation, an image shift unit for controlling a paper feed timing of a copying paper sheet with respect to a formation position of a document image, and a control unit for causing the image shift unit to perform image shift when even-numbered pages of documents are copied.

Abstract: A microreader-printer having an automatic focusing function. According to this reader-printer, an autofocusing operation is discontinued in response to a frame search command, removal of a projecting lens from an optical path and removal of a microfilm carrier from an operative position. On the contrary, a print command being generated during the autofocusing operation in congress is suspended until the completion of the autofocusing operation.

Abstract: A mechanism for curvedly moving a projection lens assembly accommodated in a lens barrel to alter projecting magnification of a projecting optical system is comprised of a support member for supporting a lens barrel accommodating a projection lens assembly, a movable member for holding thereon the support member so that the support member is movable in a first direction, the movable member being movable in a second direction, a guide member in the form of a plate fixedly mounted below the movable member for restricting the position of the support member in the first direction and for guiding the movable member in the second direction, and a drive unit for moving the movable member to an appropriate location corresponding to an altered projecting magnification. The drive unit includes a plurality of pulleys, an endless wire passed about these pulleys and a stepping motor coupled with one of the pulleys.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical system supporting mechanism of an image processing equipment featuring that at least two first guide members which move along a guide shaft and second guide members which are respectively placed corresponding to the first guide members, putting the guide shaft therebetween, are provided at a moving unit which supports an optical system that can travel along the guide shaft, arms rotatable centering around the shaft placed with the right angle to the axis of the guide shaft are provided at the moving unit, corresponding to the second guide members, the second guide members are attached to the end portions of the arms, and the arms are so energy-charged that the second guide members can be pushed against the guide shaft, thereby causing the tightening and fixing condition of the guide shaft between the first and the second guide members to be adjusted by the simple operation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device for setting a copying magnification in an electrophotographic copying apapratus. The device comprises means for manually inputting a numerical value, a plurality of memory means, selection key means for selecting one from the plurality of memory means and control means for memorizing a numerical value input by the numerical value input means in said one of memory means selected by the selection key means, so that the copying apparatus operates to set a copying magnification by a numerical value memorized in said one of memory means.

Abstract: In a copying machine in which the copying magnification can be set in a longitudinal direction and a lateral direction independently, one or more pair of copy magnification adjusting values in the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction are stored in a memory device. When copy is performed, one of the pair of adjusting values in the longitudinal direction and in the lateral direction is selected based on the information of the kind of the copy paper and the copy magnifications can be automatically adjusted according to the selected adjusting values so that a correct desired sized copy can be obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device for setting a copying magnification in an electrophotographic copying apparatus. The device comprises means for manually inputting a numerical value, a plurality of memory means, selection key means for selecting one from the plurality of memory means and control means for memorizing a numerical value input by the numerical value input means in said one of memory means selected by the selection key means, so that the copying apparatus operates to set a copying magnification by a numerical value memorized in said one of memory means.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a movable optical system for reading an original image, a motor for driving the optical system, a motor driving circuit, an encoder which outputs signals responsive to velocities of the motor, a control circut which controls the motor driving circuit such that the optical system starts from a home position and turns at a predetermined point to return again to the home position, and applies braking to the motor when the optical system is stopped at the home position, and a microcomputer for deciding timing to apply braking in response to an output of the encoder. By deciding brake timing in response to the output of the encoder, the optical system can be stopped accurately at the home position even when a moving load is abnormally increased due to stains on component members forming a running path for the optical system, or due to replacement of the optical system.

Abstract: An autofocusing apparatus suitable for use in a photographic printer is provided. The printer permits mounting of plural carriers for holding original films of different sizes thereon respectively and is capable of setting a focusing position on the basis of an AF curve determined when a reference carrier out of a plurality of carriers is mounted. The apparatus is also so constructed that the AF curve is compensated based on differences between the position of the original film upon mounting of the reference carrier and that of the original film upon mounting another carrier. Accordingly, an original film can be positioned at its optimal focusing position regardless of which of the plurality of carriers is used.

Abstract: An image reader having a mechanism for varying the reading magnification optically by adjusting relative positions of a projection lens and an image sensor is disclosed. The image reader provides a pattern plate on which black or white patterns are formed for detecting a distance defined between two edges of the patterns wherein the distance is read by the image sensor through the projection lens at a predetermined magnification to determined the real focal distance of the projection lens.

Abstract: In a method for controlling a lens of an image forming apparatus, the lens is moved at a high speed from a present position till passing a home position, and thereafter the lens is moved at a low speed in the reverse direction to stop at the home position. Waste of time can be decreased and rapid control of the lens can be achieved by high speed movement of the lens to a position near the home position, and the lens can be precisely stopped at the home position by low speed movement of the lens before stopping.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises an optical system for regenerating an original manuscript; a regenerating member capable of regenerating the original manuscript in different modes; a means for setting the position of the optical system in accordance with respective modes; a detector for detecting information relating to the respective modes from the set position of the optical system, and a control device for controlling the regenerating member in accordance with the detected information by the detector. A protective apparatus is further provided which comprises a process load; a detector for detecting a continuous operation time of the load from the power frequency of an a.c. current supplied to the load, and a control device for controlling the operation of the process load in accordance with the output from the detector. The process load may be a lamp for exposing light on an original manuscript.

Abstract: A lens repositioning device for use in a copying machine which device comprises a generally elongated lens carriage having a lens assembly fixedly mounted thereon; a single traction cable adapted to be driven by a drive unit and including generally intermediate first and second cable portions over the length thereof which extend parallel to each other and are, when the traction cable is driven by the drive unit, moved at the same velocity and in the same direction, and a guide member. The lens carriage is rigidly connected at its opposite ends with the respective first and second portions of the traction cable. The guide member is operable during the movement of the traction cable accompanied by the movement of the lens carriage to guide the lens assembly to follow a curved path of a predetermined configuration.

Abstract: A method of and device for detecting an image relevant for subsequent auto-focusing operation, wherein one focus zone is scanned by an image sensor and a histogram for the one focus zone is made. The presence or absence of an image in the one focus zone is judged on the basis of the profile of the histogram. The basis for judgment is the distribution range of the frequencies in the histogram according to the first aspect, and the height of the maximum peak of the histogram curve according to the second aspect. When it is judged that an image relevant for auto-focusing operation is not present in the one focus zone, a binarization level is set from the histogram for the one focus zone.

Abstract: A copier capable of varying magnification ratio moves its optical system to a position determined by an inputted value of magnification ratio only after its print switch is operated to start a copying operation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a focusing method for a printer which comprises the steps of: calculating a lens position and a conjugate distance at a set magnification value on the basis of an equation, changing the lens position within a predetermined range including the calculated lens position which serves as an original position, and conducting printing at each of these lens positions, selecting a lens position which provides an optimal focusing, correcting the equation using the selected lens position and the actual magnification employed when the selection is made, and calculating a lens position and a conjugate distance at another magnification value using the equation corrected when the selected lens position coincides with the original position and then changing the lens position and the conjugate distance accordingly.

Abstract: In a copying machine arranged to guide copying paper subjected to a first copying operation into an intermediate tray which then releases the paper for another copying operation, a manual paper feeding device feeds copying paper into the copying machine body. The manual paper feeding device is provided with a paper width setting and entering mechanism. According to paper width data set and entered, a reference position width is set by a width arrangement position setting unit. According to the reference position width thus set, a width arranging mechanism is driven to arrange paper in the intermediate tray.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an original size input section for inputting an original size, a sheet size input section for inputting a sheet size, a variable magnification input section for inputting an arbitrary variable magnification, a selection section for selecting a variable magnification determination mode on the basis of a size relationship between the original size and the sheet size, a first display section for displaying the variable magnification input by the variable magnification input section, a second display section for preforming a mode display indicating that the variable magnification determination mode is selected, and a control section for controlling the first and second display sections. In this apparatus, the control section can simultaneously execute the display of the input variable magnification by the first display section and the mode display be the second display section.

Abstract: A copying machine provided with an optical system having a variable imaging ratio and a fixed distance between the image plane and the object plane and a lens whose focal length can be adjusted to the selected imaging ratio by rotation of a toothed ring coupled to the lens. Displacement of the lens with respect to the object plane and the image plane, in order to change the imaging ratio, is converted into a rotation of the toothed ring on the lens by means of a system of cooperating gearwheels. One of these gearwheels has at least one toothed ring segment which is pivotable about an axis; situated almost at the circumference of the gearwheel and extending axially of said gearwheel. The toothed ring segment can be caused to pivot about the axis and be fixed in any position.

Abstract: A main body 1 of an electrophotographic copying machine has feed openings to which a plurality of cassettes 20 and 21 for containing paper of different sizes are attached. The sizes of paper and setting directions of paper are detected by microswitches 410 to 413 and 414 to 417. A document feeding unit 300 is placed on the main body 1 and while a document is fed to an exposure position by means of the document feeding unit 300, the size of the document is detected by a sensor 310. In an automatic paper selection mode, even if paper does not exist in a selected feed opening, it is determined whether paper suited to be used, taking into account the size of the document and the magnification, exists in any other feed openings. If it exists in any one of the feed openings, this opening is selected. If it does not exist in any of the feed openings, copy operation is forbidden and a microprocessor 201 of the main body 1 is programmed to display the forbidden state.

Abstract: A focusing device for use in micro film readers or the like for projecting micro images to give in-focus conditon exactly and readily. The present device includes a memory for storing a distance data representing the distance between an original and a projective lens at in-focus position thereof, and a sensor for measuring the distance between an original and the projective lens wherein the projective lens is moved to the in-focus position by a focusing motor in response to the distance data stored in the memory and a signal representing the measured distance generated from the sensor.

Abstract: A document registration system is disclosed which enables documents of various sizes to be registered at different corner registration positions on a platen and to be projected onto a photoreceptor so that the projected images have one side aligned along a common edge parallel to the edge of the photoreceptor. A lens drive and control circuit is provided for determining lens position, comparing it with a home position and moving the lens to a new position associated with the particular registration and magnification.

Abstract: A method for correcting the focus at plural image positions in a reproducing camera system in which plural images are to be formed on a photosensitive material, the supporting base for which can vary in flatness from position to position. Prior to exposure of the photosensitive material, values are stored in a memory for each image position indicative of the amount of deviation of that position from a reference flat position. For the exposure of each image position, the corresponding value is read out and applied to an automatic lens positioning system to thus correct the focus for each image position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copying machine for producing copies of variable magnification. The copying machine displays numerical values of a linear magnification and an area magification. The area magnification is square of the linear magnification. Furthermore the copying machine can be inputted arbitrary numerical values as the linear magnifications and the area magnifications.

Abstract: An opto-electronic scanning head for drum and flat bed scanning apparatus for point-by-point and line-by-line scanning of opaque and transparent originals which are illuminated point-by-point. The housing of the scanning head 7 has a front panel 9 which is displaceable along the optical axis 12 of the scanning objective lens 11 and has a housing part which is stationary with respect to the optical axis 12. The scanning objective 11 is mounted in the front panel 9, but the diaphragm 13 and the opto-electronic transducer 14 are mounted in the housing portion 8. The scanning objective 11 can be displaced over a broad range with a sensitive adjustment mechanism for the front panel 9 so that the focus range can always be placed into the image plane of the originals and thus optimum image sharpness can be achieved for originals having all different thicknesses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copying apparatus capable of executing a binding margin reduction copy mode to form a copy with binding margin by simultaneously reducing an image in which various drawbacks inherent in executing said copy mode are avoided to obtain copies without causing unwanted copies.For example, when a cassette accommodating the designated size of paper is not present or is removed from the copying apparatus, the binding margin reduction copy mode is released to prevent the execution of the copy mode.

Abstract: An opto-lithographic device comprising a lens system (13) arranged between a mask support (25) and a substrate table (33) and telecentric on one side, the lens system (13) and the mask support (25) being secured to a first holder (21) and a second holder (23), respectively, which can be displaced both simultaneously and relatively by means of a first actuator (183, 187, 189) and a second actuator (197, 199) for adjustment of focusing and enlargement. The invention provides the possibility of a simple correction of focusing and enlargement when this focusing and this enlargement are varied inter alia due to pressure or temperature variations.

Abstract: A variable magnification copying apparatus arranged to determine a scanning amount having a leading edge of an original document as a reference point, based on a copy paper size and a copying magnification as selected so as to control positions of a zoom lens assembly from the copying magnification, and characterized in that there are provided an original document trailing edge indicating plate disposed on a copy lamp unit for scanning the original document, and a device for displacing the original document trailing edge indicating plate together with the copy lamp unit based on the value calculated from the copy paper size and copying magnification, so as to set a terminal point of the displacement as a home position of the copy lamp unit.

Abstract: A copying machine with a predetermined variable magnification range is capable of providing a wider range of magnification values. The copying magnification desired can be entered into the copying machine and if the desired magnification data is out of the predetermined range, the machine can automatically calculate the number of times that a copy must be made and can also determine the magnification ratio for each copy to produce the desired final magnification value. The number of times that the copying process must be repeated with the copying paper being used as an original for each process can be displayed to the operator.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus has illuminating means for illuminating an original, scanning means for scanning the original, imaging means for imaging the reflected light or the transmitted light from the original on a light-receiving member, the imaging means having at least one variable refractive power element, control means for varying the refractive power of the variable refractive power element, and driving means for moving the light-receiving member in synchronism with the scanning of the original.

Abstract: A variable magnification copying optical system for projecting an image of an object, disposed on an object surface, to a focal plane and for varying a magnification of the image with respect to the object. The optical system includes a zoom lens movable to a plurality of positions for obtaining a first range of magnification values and a second lens for obtaining a further magnification value outside of the first range. To obtain the further magnification, the second lens is effectively moved into the optical projection path by moving the lens itself, changing the projection path, e.g., by a suitable shutter, or a combination of these steps. The second lens can provide the further magnification either alone or in combination with the zoom lens.

Abstract: A copying machine having the capability of reproducing an image at different magnifications from either a stored or calculated magnification ratio is provided. The size of the original and the size of the various copying papers available are calculated to determine an optimum magnification ratio. A preset value of optical magnification ratios can be provided within the copying machine. A controller can determine whether the calculated magnification ratio can be utilized within the preset predetermined range of values and the corresponding control of the copier machine can be effected in accordance with that decision.

Abstract: A laser printer is disclosed which uses a rotating polygon and a cylindrical mirror disposed between the polygon and an image zone. The cylindrical mirror corrects for pyramidal errors in an output image formed on a moving photosensitive member disposed at the image zone by making the operative polygon facet and the image zone optically conjugate in the page scan direction. To change the length of the image in the line scan direction at the image zone, the distance between the polygon and image zone is varied. This is accomplished by moving the cylindrical mirror or by positioning a different cylindrical mirror at a new optical path position. The velocity of the photosensitive member is adjusted to change the length of the output image in the page scan direction. The tilt angle of the cylindrical mirror moved to the new optical path position is changed or the cylindrical mirror is removed from the path and a different cylindrical mirror is inserted at a new optical path position.

Abstract: A multi-format laser printer is disclosed which uses a constantly rotating polygon to line scan an intensity modulated beam of laser light across an image zone. Optical means, which include a cylindrical mirror are provided for causing first and second beam spot sizes to be in focus at the image zone. The first beam spot size is selected to be in focus for a first range of line scan lengths and the second beam spot size is selected to be in focus for at least one predetermined line scan length not in such range. The line scan length in the first range is adjusted by changing the periodicity of modulation of the laser beam. The velocity of the photosensitive member is adjusted to change the length of the output image in the page scan direction.

Abstract: A method of controlling the movement of a lens in a copying apparatus wherein the amount of lens movement is detected and the movement of the lens is corrected if necessary when the lens passes the home position. Even an error in the number of pulses counted before the lens passes the home position can be corrected because of the presence of the home position.

Abstract: Photographic printers are provided with a plurality of lenses with different magnifications. In order to change the size of the enlargement (or magnification of the enlargement), it is necessary for an operator to manually replace a lens or to select a suitable lens from among the plural lenses on a revolving lens turret by pressing a selector button. An exposure correction method is provided for a printer system in which lens units are selected such that when a lens unit is selected from among plural lens units having different focal lengths in accordance with a designated magnification, a conjugate length is calculated on the basis of the magnification and the focal length of the lens unit so as to select an optimum lens unit falling within the effective range of the system, and that the exposure is corrected on the basis of the relationship:T.sub.n /T(n-1)=.alpha.{F(n-1)/F.sub.n .times.B.sub.n /B(n-1)}.sup.

Abstract: A photographic apparatus comprises a photoelectric camera arranged movably at the position of the lens of the photographic apparatus and a picture signal processing circuit connected electrically with the photoelectric camera and adapted to process picture signals, which have been input to the photoelectric camera, so as to measure given exposure conditions. It is possible to determine exposure conditions with good accuracy by measuring accurately variations in illumination conditions. The present invention allows highly-accurate measurements under preferred conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copying apparatus capable of changing the copying magnification, by moving and positioning optical members such as lens and mirror and changing the scanning speed of the scanning optical system, wherein the moving and positioning of optical members and the selecting of the scanning speed can be attained by a single motor.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus with a function to set the magnification of an image to be formed, including an input section for inputting a magnification of an image to be formed, a drive member for setting the magnification input by the input section so as to provide an image at the magnification, and a microcomputer coupled to the input section and designed to control the drive member in such a manner that the drive member sets the magnification input by the input section when no additional magnification is input within a predetermined period after the magnification has been input, and sets the additional magnification when no further additional magnification is input within another period after the additional magnification has been input, and so forth.

Abstract: A rotational velocity control apparatus of a document-scanning motor in a copying machine comprises a first velocity detector for detecting the rotational velocity of a photosensitive drum and for generating a signal of a frequency corresponding to the detected velocity, a frequency converter circuit for multiplying the frequency of the output signal from the first velocity detector and for frequency dividing the signal in accordance with a selected magnification, a second velocity detector for detecting the rotational velocity of a scanning motor and for generating a signal having a frequency corresponding to the detected velocity, and a motor controller for controlling the rotational velocity of the scanning motor such that the frequency of the output signal from the second velocity detector is proportional to that of the output signal from the frequency converter circuit.

Abstract: In a photographic copying apparatus, in which the plane of the original and the plane of the copying material are positioned at the stable distance from each other, an objective has two optical elements which are adjustable relative to a reference position by means of the associated step motors in the axial direction so as to thereby adjust an image scale and a focus distance. A computer for controlling the step motors and two memory devices, connected to the computer, are provided in the apparatus. The data of the objective characteristics are stored in the first memory and specific apparatus data, as well as individual user's data, are programmed by a user and stored in the second memory. The computer controls the step motors in accordance with the capacities of the two memory devices.

Abstract: A copying machine having the capability of reproducing an image at different magnifications from either a stored or calculated magnification ratio is provided. The size of the original and the size of the various copying papers available are calculated to determine an optimum magnification ratio. A preset value of optical magnification ratios can be provided within the copying machine. A controller can determined whether the calculated magnification ratio can be utilized within the preset predetermined range of values and corresponding control of the copier machine can be effected in accordance with that decision.

Abstract: An electrostatic copying process and apparatus capable of forming copies in at least two different ratios. The formation of a copied image involves exposure scanning of the image of an original document and projecting it on a photosensitive member through an optical device. The change of the ratio of copying is achieved by changing the ratio of projection of the image of the document onto the photosensitive member by the optical device, and also changing the speed of scanning.

Abstract: There is provided a copying machine in which a copying magnification and a copying density are variable. When the operation mode is set in the check mode and a copying start key is depressed, a document is copied once at a predetermined copying magnification or copying density. Thereafter, the copying magnification or the copying density is automatically changed, and the copying operation of the document is performed again. The above-mentioned operation is repeated until the copying operations at all the copying magnifications or the copying densities are completed.

Abstract: An electrostatic copying process and apparatus capable of forming copies in at least two different ratios. The formation of a copied image involves exposure scanning of the image of an original document and projecting it on a photosensitive member through an optical device. The change of the ratio of copying is achieved by changing the ratio of projection of the image of the document onto the photosensitive member by the optical device, and also changing the speed of scanning.