Abstract: The method and device of the instant invention is a detector of pulsed laser radiation which utilizes the electromotive force generated by the plasma formed when such radiation is focused onto a surface (1). Measurements are made with a 10.6 .mu.m CO.sub.2 laser capable of producing peak intensities of 10.sup.13 W/cm.sup.2 when directed through a converging lens (2). Evacuated detector response to such laser intensity is 1 kV signal peak amplitude and subnanosecond risetimes into a 50.OMEGA. load (3). Detector performance is found to be greatly altered with the introduction of a background gas (4). For example, with one atmosphere of air, the detector produces prompt signals of the order of 1 V with subnanosecond response for pulse trains lasting 100 ns. With argon, krypton, or zenon at pressures of the order of 10 torr, the detector generates "trigger pulses" of about 250 V amplitude and 0.2 ns risetimes.

Abstract: A plastic optical element having especially selected spectral transmission characteristics is structured to collect and direct radiation from a photographic scene onto the surface of a photodetector which operates to generate an output signal that can be used to predict an exposure value for the scene as based on the magnitude of the output signal. In combination with the photodetector, which is preferably a silicon photodiode, the optical element defines a photoelectric radiometer which has a preferred relative spectral sensitivity in the visible and near infrared region of the spectrum. The preferred spectral sensitivity of the radiometer is particularly suitable for evaluating the exposures required in high contrast scenes.

Abstract: A photographic exposure meter in visualization equipment for detecting the presence or absence of a pulse of laser light on a target. Light from a laser pulse which forms a hologram, is scattered when it impinges on the target plate and detected by a photodetector, the resultant pulse signal being integrated and amplified. The output pulse, proportional to the hologram exposure, is fed to a storage oscilloscope for convenient display.

Abstract: Analysis apparatus with flexible multi-analysis capability, suitable for example for biochemical constituent analysis, has a single channel of reaction vessels arranged to receive reagents from any of a battery of reagent reservoirs and has photometer elements from measuring the reaction in each reaction vessel on a repetitive sequential basis. Control elements select the sample liquid delivered to each reaction vessel, select the reagents added thereto, and select the data processing for the photometer or other measurement information secured for reactants in that reaction vessel. The photometer elements apply and detect optical energy along selected directions to provide any of several photometric measurements, including for example of colorimetry, fluorometry, or nephelometry.

Abstract: In the disclosed system, a light measuring circuit having a logarithmical amplifier, is constructed to produce pulses at a frequency corresponding to the output of the light measuring circuit. Pulses are counted during a time interval corresponding to the temperature characteristic of the light measuring circuit so as to obtain a count value corresponding to the light input free of the influence of temperature.

Abstract: A light measuring device for use in photography and a method therefor is disclosed, in which the quantity of light during a time interval when the flash light is present is measured and also the quantity of light under the ambient light only is measured for obtaining various exposure information for photography using the flash light.

Abstract: A light signal observation device, which is provided in combination with light receiving means for detecting a light signal, light intermitting means for intercepting or passing therethrough the light signal incident to the light receiving means, amplifying means for amplifying the output from the light receiving means; time base signal generating means for generating a sawtooth wave in synchronism with the light signal and also while the light signal is intercepted and for generating a luminance modulation signal in the period of generation of the sawtooth wave, and display means for displaying an optical signal waveform including a 0 level on the basis of the output signal from the amplifying means and the sawtooth signal and the luminance modulation signal from the time base signal generating means. The light signal observation device of this invention may be constructed as a synchroscope or a sampling oscilloscope.

Abstract: A digital light measuring device capable of measuring a flash of light generated by a separate source device, irrespective of trigger modes of an electronic flash selected in advance, which comprises means responsive to an incident light intensity for producing an input commensurate thereto; means for processing an output to form a digital signal indicative of a result of the light measurement; means for detecting the beginning of change in the output of the producing means caused by a flashing to generate a start signal for making the processing means begin the processing operation; means for controlling the operations of the processing means in a programmed sequence, and, where necessary, means for directing the controlling means to start the programmed sequence when a code-trigger mode is selectively chosen for the trigger mode of the electronic flash.

Abstract: A low power consumption solar cell meter-recorder capable of measuring the output power of a solar cell and recordingthe measured data and the date of measurement, all at a remote location using only battery power, is disclosed. The voltage output of the solar cell is converted into a frequency which is counted over a predetermined time to produce the measured data. The measured data is stored in a first address section of a memory. Digital date information is generated and stored in a second address section of the memory. Both the first and the second address sections are addressed by the same address number. When a read out is desired, the measured data and date stored in the memory are displayed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for discriminating among various types of illuminants, such as fluorescent light, incandescent light and natural daylight. Such apparatus includes a photoelectric circuit for producing a signal having an amplitude which varies with intensity variations of the illuminant, a bandpass filter circuit having a bandpass centered at the fundamental frequency of the intensity variations of an illuminant energized by an alternating current source, a high-pass filter circuit that passes frequencies higher than such fundamental frequency, a pair of peak detectors for detecting the peak value of signals passed by the first and second filter circuits, and logic circuitry responsive to the outputs of the peak detectors for providing logic outputs indicative of the type of illuminant.

Abstract: A device and method are disclosed for measuring solar energy during a testing period which uses a cell to provide an electrical signal in response to received solar energy and a resistor connected to the cell for providing an adjusted electrical signal at a valve chosen to represent a specified value of solar energy. A pulse train is provided which has a reduced frequency proportional to the adjusted electrical signal, the number of pulses are counted and this accumulated number is displayed, the number being representative of the solar energy received by the cell during the testing period. Batteries are used to supply power to the device and a normally open switch activates the display which is normally inactive during the testing period to conserve the life of the battery.

Abstract: An exposure meter for use in photography which includes means for measuring brightness at a plurality of places in a scene to be measured for exposure, means for calculating frequency distribution of the brightness which divides brightness value into many stages and counts frequency of occurrence of brightness at each of the stages, and means for calculating, under designated conditions, position whereat film latitude is to be present within the width of the brightness distribution.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for measuring and recording the amount of solar energy falling at a place over a given period of time, comprising means for producing a frequency signal representative of the energy falling at the place, the provision of the frequency signal being controlled in response to the level of solar energy falling exceeding a morning threshold and falling below an evening threshold, and the frequency signal being applied to a counter, preferably fitted with print-out means, whereby the counter may record the total energy falling between the morning and evening thresholds.

Abstract: This invention relates to an automatic camera exposure control device comprising a first light measuring circuit including a photoelectric element receiving light through the objective lens of the camera and generating a first output proportional to the logarithm of the brightness of an object to be photographed, and a circuit for providing a second output indicative of the film sensitivity and the lens aperture value, the light measuring circuit for providing a first signal indicative of the sum of the first and second outputs and a second circuit including a pulse genrator circuit for generating clock pulses and a counter for counting the clock pulses and for producing a second signal of a stairstep waveform corresponding to the counting of a pulse; a voltage comparator circuit for comparing the second signal with the first signal and for producing a signal when the level of the second signal exceeds that of the first signal; a third circuit composed mainly of a gate circuit for stopping the counting of the

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus for measuring the light intensity gain performance of an image intensifier. The apparatus includes a light source which illuminates the input surface of the intensifier with input light of predetermined and constant intensity, a light sensitive detector arranged at the intensifier output for receiving at least a portion of the output light produced by the intensifier in response to the input light and for providing an electrical signal having an amplitude directly related to the intensity of the output light and an indicator coupled to the detector for providing an indication of the intensifier light intensity gain performance responsive to the electrical signal provided by the detector.

Abstract: Apparatus for accurately sampling and measuring the beam power of a high energy laser beam without blocking or unduly perturbing the beam for phenomenological effects purposes. The beam is accurately and reliably sampled at an acceptable frequency and low amplitude without effecting the beam characteristics for further experimental use.

Abstract: This device is used to measure effective energy transfer rates for a laser during lasing. It accounts for contributions to the total energy transfer rate from all component sources since measurement occurs during lasing action. An intracavity modulator operating within the optical cavity of a laser periodically interrupts lasing. The laser output is coupled to a fast response detector. The detector output is coupled to a waveform signal averager which removes random noise from the waveform. The signal is averaged to produce a clean accurate picture of the detector output which is then coupled to an x-y plotter. The x-y plotter provides a graph of signal level versus time of the output signal and provides the exponential tail from which the total energy transfer rate is obtained. Data from the x-y plotter is then replotted as a semi-log plot and the slope of this semi-log plot gives the time constant which is the total energy transfer rate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simultaneously sampling and scanning a portion a laser beam with acoustic energy. An acoustic pulse is propagated across the light beam and the pressure variations which comprise the pulse form a diffraction grating for deflecting the light beam over its volume of interaction with the pulse. As the pulse propagates, successive parts of the beam are deflected and an effective scan is performed. Focussing optics focus the diffracted beam on a photodetector and analyzing and controlling electronics is provided. Additionally, several embodiments for providing a two-dimensional scan of the laser beam portion are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to an automatic camera exposure control device comprising a first light measuring circuit including a photoelectric element receiving light through the objective lens of the camera and generating a first output proportional to the logarithm of the brightness of an object to be photographed, and a circuit for providing a second output indicative of the film sensitivity and the lens aperture value, the light measuring circuit for providing a first signal indicative of the sum of the first and second outputs; and a second circuit including a pulse generator circuit for generating clock pulses and a counter for counting the clock pulses and for producing a second signal of a stairstep waveform corresponding to the counting of a pulse; a voltage comparator circuit for comparing the second signal with the first signal and for producing a signal when the level of the second signal exceeds that of the first signal; a third circuit composed mainly of a gate circuit for stopping the counting of t

Abstract: An improved radiation energy detecting system is disclosed. The system comprises a rotating scanning mirror reflecting energy radiating from objects in the field of view through a novel image derotating prism, providing optimum transmission modulation transfer and minimal dimension for packaging, and focusing optics onto a radiant energy detecting array. The detector converts the radiant energy to electrical signals representative of the impinging radiant energy for display processing.

Abstract: A laser power meter is described which enables the direct measurement of the output power of lasers over a full range of differing beam wavelengths. The laser power meter includes not only the photocell for intercepting a laser beam and the needle-scale meter conventionally provided, but also calibration means for simple adjustment of the meter to provide a correct power reading irrespective of the wavelength of the beam whose power is being measured. The calibration means includes first and second pluralities of resistors which are selectively connected in series between the photocell and the needle-scale meter by switches which are calibrated in nanometers. A user of the device is able to obtain a true reading of the power in a laser beam merely by "dialing in" the wavelength of the beam and selecting the proper power range for the needle-scale meter.

Abstract: The industrial photometer consists in principle of an optical single-beam measuring arrangement with the gas (or liquid) to be investigated flowing through the measuring cell. The detector behind the measuring cell consists of a photoelectric receiver which is connected to a working resistor with a remote-controlled voltage tap. A highly constant counter voltage is connected in series with the photovoltage. The measuring cell is filled at preselected time intervals with an absorption-free zero substance (standard substance), and the difference between the photovoltage and the constant voltage is automatically equalised to zero. After equalisation, the zero substance is again replaced by the measuring gas or liquid. The voltage difference then measured is a measure of the concentration to be determined.