Abstract: The invention relates to a method for analysing a sample (20), the sample being capable of comprising an analyte, the sample extending on a resonant support (15 (, the resonant support having a surface on which a plurality of photonic crystals extend (16k, 16k+1), separated from one another, such that the sample extends between a light source (10) and the photonic crystals, the photonic crystals being such that: —a resonance wavelength (?k) is associated with each photonic crystal (16k) addressing the analyte, wherein the wavelengths of the photonic crystals define a resonance spectral band (??r), extending between 2 ?m and 20 ?m; —the transmission or the reflection of light by each photonic crystal addressing the analyte is maximum at the associated resonance wavelength; the method comprises the following steps: a) illuminating the support by the light source, the light source emitting an illumination lightwave (11), defining an illumination spectral band (??) which at least partially covers the resonance sp

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving assay results obtained by silicon photomultiplier devices are provided. Systems may include assay devices including silicon photomultiplier devices and computing systems. Systems may further include processing components and storage units configured for receiving silicon photomultiplier device input and output information and for determining silicon photomultiplier device temperatures.

Abstract: A method for analysing a sample uses a resonant support having a surface on which a plurality of separated photonic crystals extends. At least two crystals are configured to capture the same analyte. A resonance wavelength associated with each crystal varies with an amount of analyte in contact with the crystal. The wavelengths define a resonance spectral band between 200-1500 nm. The transmission/reflection of the light is maximum at an associated resonance wavelength. The method includes: illuminating the support in the resonance spectral band, the intensity of the lamination being variable in band; acquiring a measurement image using an image sensor, the image having different regions-of-interest each optically coupled to a photonic crystal; using a reference image representative of an image acquired by the image sensor, when the support is illuminated in the resonance spectral band in a reference configuration; and comparing the measurement image with the reference image.

Abstract: A method of assessing the quality of a biological sample while maintaining the viability of the biological sample for intended use analysis is described herein. The method includes analyzing a biological sample obtained from a subject for an intended use, assessing the quality of the biological sample using one or more biomarkers of sample quality, and simultaneously performing intended use analysis on the same sample. Assessing the quality of the sample can include assessing compliance with sample handling protocols and assessing subject compliance.

Abstract: A method for determining a set of physical parameters of a sample, comprising the steps of: —A Retrieving a measured sample temporal trace Es(t), —B retrieving a measured reference temporal trace Eref(t), —C determining an widened reference temporal trace, called Eref0(t), and determining a discrete Fourier transform {hacek over (E)}ref0(?) of the widened reference temporal trace—D determining a modeling of an impulse response of the sample in the frequency domain, depending on the set of physical parameters (pi), called sample frequency model {hacek over (E)}model{Pi}(?), from the Fourier Transform of the widened reference temporal trace {hacek over (E)}ref0(?) and a physical behavior model of the sample, —E applying an optimization algorithm on the set of physical parameters (pi) comprising the sub steps of: —E1 initializing physical parameters (pi), —realizing iteratively the sub steps of: —E2 calculating an inverse discrete Fourier transform of the sample frequency model {hacek over (E)}model{Pi}(?), call

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining characteristics of fluids are described. A method involves illuminating a portion of a fluid by emitting light having an emission spectrum spanning at least from an infrared band to an ultraviolet band, and producing an output signal by receiving the light upon being scattered by the fluid using an optical detector. A controller may select a target sub-band of the emission spectrum based on information associated with the fluid, and may further determine a characteristic of the fluid using at least a portion of the output signal associated with the target sub-band of the emission spectrum. Alternatively, or additionally, a controller may apply an operator to the output signal, and may further determine the characteristic of the first fluid by applying a machine learning model to a result of the operator as applied to the first output signal.

Abstract: A method comprising at least one light source configured to generate a light of at least one wavelength and project the light over an optical path, a sample device, the device containing a sample obtained from exhalation of a person, a vortex mask configured to receive the light after the light passes through at least a portion of the sample device, the vortex mask including a series of concentric circles etched in a substrate, the vortex mask configured to provide destructive interference of coherent light received from the at least one light source, a detector configured to detect and measure wavelength intensities from the light in the optical path, the wavelength intensities being impacted by the light passing through the sample, the detector receiving the light that remained after passing through the vortex mask, and a processor configured to provide measurement results based on the wavelength intensities.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are device and method for performing a total internal reflection scattering (TIRS) measurement to a sample slide. The device comprises a first reflective plate having a first opening; a second reflective plate having second and third openings and disposed on top of the first reflective plate thereby forming a slot therebetween for accommodating the sample slide, wherein the first opening of the first reflective plate is disposed directly underneath the second opening of the second reflective plate; a white light source disposed in the space formed by the third opening of the second reflective plate and configured to emit a white light into the slot; and a first blackout layer disposed on top of the third opening thereby covering the white light source and keeping the emitted white light from leaking. When the sample slide is inserted into the slot, the white light source illuminates the sample slide so as to achieve the TIRS measurement to the sample slide.

Abstract: Time of Flight (ToF) depth image processing methods are disclosed for resolving corruption of ToF depth images. In ToF depth imaging, the light can travel paths of different lengths before returning to the pixel. Thus, the light hitting the pixel can have travelled different distances, and the distance obtained from an estimation procedure assuming a single distance may be spurious. Systems and methods are disclosed for including a time-of-flight imager and processor which resolves the multiple paths, and outputs the multiple depths at each pixel.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for employing nanobubbles for theranostic purposes are provided. In one embodiment, a method comprising introducing a photothermal nanobubble into a malaria-infected red blood cell is provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for analyzing samples, such as tissue samples, and measuring the emissions when these samples are exposed to light are disclosed. Embodiments include illuminating multiple target locations on a sample with laser light, which may first be manipulated by a scanner, and receiving decaying emissions from the target location. At least some embodiments include the emissions traveling backwards along a substantial portion of the laser light pathway and being received by a detector. Additional embodiments include converting the received emissions into streak lines of position versus time, converting the streak lines to plots of signal strength versus time, and curve fitting the plots to determine representative decay times. In some embodiments, the decay times are presented as plots of position on the surface of the sample versus emission strength, which may be color coded. Some embodiment dwell on each target location for multiple scans of the laser.

Abstract: The invention broadly relates techniques for imaging and medical diagnosis and, more particularly, to the fabrication of flexible plasmonic gratings and the use thereof in detection of biomarkers. A first aspect of the invention provides for techniques for the fabrication of novel, flexible plasmonic gratings that can be inexpensively fabricated onto fiber optic cables, flexible films and substrates with non-uniform surfaces to enhance the imaging resolution. A second aspect of the invention provides for an ultra¬high sensitivity (single molecule counting) biomarker detection platform useable for medical diagnosis based on a fluorescent sandwich ELISA assay performed on a plasmonic grating platform incorporated with a fluorescence detection unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for obtaining a target signal spectrum includes: a spectrum measurer configured to measure a plurality of spectra from an object; and a processor configured to obtain a difference spectrum matrix by subtracting a reference spectrum from each of the plurality of spectra, and to obtain a spectrum of a target signal based on the obtained difference spectrum matrix.

Abstract: A particle sizing method which allows for counting and sizing of particles within a colloidal suspension flowing through a single-particle optical sizing sensor SPOS apparatus using pulse height detection and utilizing non-parallel and non-uniform illumination within the sensing region of the flow cell. The method involves utilizing a deconvolution process which requires the SPOS apparatus to be characterized during a calibration phase. Once the SPOS apparatus has been characterized, the process of deconvolution after a data collection run, recursively eliminates the expected statistical contribution to the pulse height distribution PHD histogram in all the lower channels from the highest channel height detected, and repeating this for all remaining channels in the PHD, removing the contributions from largest to smallest sizes.

Abstract: A super class of polarized transverse vector vortex photon beams patterns are mathematically represented here, which are Majorana-like among them are the radial and azimuthal Laguerre-Gaussian, hybrid ?-vector beams, and Airy beams. These optical beams are consider spin-orbit coupled beams based on OAM and SAM parts of light. A Majorana photon is a photon that is identical to its anti-photon. It has within itself both chirality, right and left-handed twist in polarization (SAM) and wavefront (OAM). Applications using Majorana photons improve optical deeper imaging, higher resolution imaging, Nonlinear Optics effects (SHG, SRS, SC), optical communication in free space and fibers, quantum computer as basic qubit, and entanglement for security.

Abstract: An apparatus for characterizing luminescent entities by excitation comprising: • a substrate (6) being in contact with a solution comprising luminescent entities; • a source of electromagnetic radiation (4) providing at least a primary beam of radiation (8); an objective (5); a first optical element (1) capable of transforming the intensity profile of the primary beam (8) into an arbitrary secondary intensity profile (distribution) (9); a second optical element (2) capable of separating (discriminating) radiation by wavelength; and a detector (7), where the arbitrary secondary intensity profile has at least an off-center circular continuous intensity distribution (33) focused on the back focal plane (12) of the objective forming a collimated beam (10) capable of creating an evanescent field on the side of the substrate where the solution comprising luminescent entities are located, where the evanescent field excites the luminescent entities thereby creating emission radiation separated by the second optical e

Abstract: A measuring apparatus includes a flow cell through which a sample containing particles flows, a light source for irradiating light on the sample flowing through the flow cell, a fluorescence detector for detecting the fluorescence generated from the sample irradiated with light from the light source, and a control unit for flowing a positive control sample containing a fluorescent dye through the flow cell, measuring the fluorescence generated from the positive control sample irradiated by the light from the light source via the fluorescence detector, comparing the obtained measurement value and a reference value, and adjusting the detection sensitivity of the fluorescence detector according to the comparison result.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus (10) for reliable quantitative measurement of a fluorescent blood analyte in tissue (12) comprising: at least one light source (14), the light source (14) emitting excitation light at least at a first wavelength range between 350 nm and 450 nm to the tissue (12); a detection unit (16), the detection unit (16) measuring: a) a portion of the fluorescent light emitted by the fluorescent blood analyte excited at the first wavelength range; and b) a portion of the auto fluorescence emitted by the tissue (12); and/or c1) a portion of the remitted excitation light at the first wavelength range, and c2) a portion of the remitted light at a second wavelength range; and a control unit (18), the control unit (18) operating the light source (14) and detection unit (16). The present invention is further directed to a method for quantitative measurement of a fluorescent blood analyte in tissue (12).

Abstract: An inspection apparatus is provided that comprises an optical target including a solid host material and a fluorescing material embedded in the solid host material. The solid host material has a predetermined phonon energy HOSTPE. The fluorescing material exhibits a select ground energy level and a target excitation (TE) energy level separated from the ground energy level by a first energy gap corresponding to a fluorescence emission wavelength of interest. The fluorescing material has a next lower lying (NLL) energy level relative to the TE energy level. The NLL energy level is spaced a second energy gap FMEG2 below the TE energy level, wherein a ratio of the FMEG2/HOSTPE is three or more.

Abstract: Time-resolved nucleic acids include a long-lifetime FRET donor with an emission lifetime of at least one millisecond (such as a terbium complex), configured as a donor in a first FRET process, and at least one fluorescent dye with an emission lifetime of less than 100 nanoseconds configured as an acceptor in the FRET process. They can be configured as photonic wires, hybridization probes or beacons, and/or systems for computing logical operations.

Abstract: Time-resolved nucleic acids include a long-lifetime FRET donor with an emission lifetime of at least one millisecond (such as a terbium complex), configured as a donor in a first FRET process, and at least one fluorescent dye with an emission lifetime of less than 100 nanoseconds configured as an acceptor in the FRET process. They can be configured as photonic wires, hybridization probes or beacons, and/or systems for computing logical operations.

Abstract: Fluorescence-based techniques are the cornerstone of modern biomedical optics with applications ranging from bioimaging at various scales (organelle to organism) to detection and quantification of a wide variety of biological species of interest. However, feeble fluorescence signal remains a persistent challenge in meeting the ever-increasing demand to image, detect and quantify biological species of low abundance. Disclosed herein are simple and universal methods based on a flexible and conformal elastomeric film adsorbed with plasmonic nanostructures, referred to as “plasmonic skin” or “plasmonic patch”, that provide large and uniform enhancement of fluorescence on a variety of surfaces, through an “add-on-top” process.

Abstract: In a spectrometry device, a control unit controls a light source so that input of excitation light to an internal space is maintained in a first period, and that the input of the excitation light to the internal space is stopped in a second period, and the analysis unit calculates the photoluminescence quantum yield of a long afterglow emission material on the basis of the number of absorbed photons of the long afterglow emission material obtained on the basis of excitation light spectral data in the first period and the number of light emission photons of the long afterglow emission material obtained on the basis of light emission spectral data in any of the first period, the second period, and a total period of the first period and the second period.

Abstract: A system, an apparatus, and a method are provided for a modular flow cytometer with a compact size. In one embodiment, the modular flow cytometry system includes the following: a laser system for emitting laser beams; a flow cell assembly positioned to receive the laser beams at an interrogation region of a fluidics stream where fluoresced cells scatter the laser beams into fluorescent light; a fiber assembly positioned to collect the fluorescent light; and a compact light detection module including a first image array having a transparent block, a plurality of micro-mirrors in a row coupled to a first side of the transparent block, and a plurality of filters in a row coupled to a second side of the transparent block opposite the first side.

Abstract: A method of operating a fitness tracking system includes receiving at least one first value and at least one second value for at least one foot action parameter from a sensor during a user workout. The method further includes determining whether the user has experienced a first type of fatigue and a second type of fatigue based on the at least one first value and the at least one second value, wherein the first type of fatigue is defined by different rules than the second type of fatigue. When it is determined that the user experienced the first type of fatigue, a first recommended action is provided to the user via a personal electronic device of the user. When it is determined that the user experienced the second type of fatigue, a second recommended action is provided to the user via the personal electronic device.

Abstract: Provided are a microparticle sorting device, and a method and a program for sorting microparticles capable of stabilizing sorting performance over a prolonged period of time. The microparticle sorting device includes an imaging element and a controller. The imaging element obtains an image of fluid and fluid droplets at a position where the fluid discharged from an orifice which generates a fluid stream is converted into the fluid droplets. The controller controls driving voltage of an oscillation element which gives oscillation to the orifice and/or controls a position of the imaging element based on a state of the fluid in the image and/or a state of a satellite fluid droplet. The satellite fluid droplet does not include microparticles and exists between the position, where the fluid is converted into the fluid droplets, and a fluid droplet, among fluid droplets including the microparticles, which is closest to the position where the fluid is converted into the fluid droplets.

Abstract: A particle sizing method which allows for counting and sizing of particles within a colloidal suspension flowing through a single-particle optical sizing sensor SPOS apparatus using pulse height detection and utilizing non-parallel and non-uniform illumination within the sensing region of the flow cell. The method involves utilizing a deconvolution process which requires the SPOS apparatus to be characterized during a calibration phase. Once the SPOS apparatus has been characterized, the process of deconvolution after a data collection run, recursively eliminates the expected statistical contribution to the pulse height distribution PHD histogram in all the lower channels from the highest channel height detected, and repeating this for all remaining channels in the PHD, removing the contributions from largest to smallest sizes.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method for infrared imaging, more particularly, an apparatus and a method for infrared imaging, which receive infrared light, emitted from a target, and output the received infrared light as an image. An infrared imaging apparatus, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment, receives infrared light, emitted from a target, and outputs the received infrared light as an image. The infrared imaging apparatus includes: a reaction unit having physical properties changing in response to the received infrared light; a light source unit for generating measurement light irradiated toward the reaction unit; and an imaging unit for detecting the measurement light with the light quantity thereof changing depending on a change in the physical properties of the reaction unit and outputting the detected measurement light as an image.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for counting particles, particularly blood cells, in a sample, using a lensless optical imaging device. The sample is arranged between a light source and an image sensor. The sample is illuminated by a light source and an image is acquired by the image sensor, said image sensor being exposed to a light wave called an exposition wave. A digital propagation operator is applied to the acquired image so as to obtain a complex amplitude of the exposition wave according to a surface facing the image sensor. An image, called a reconstructed image, is formed from the modulus and/or the phase of said complex amplitude, on which image the particles to be counted appear in the form of regions of interest. The method then comprises a step of selecting the regions of interest corresponding to the particles to be counted.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a high-precision time synchronization method. With the method, a traditional time synchronization protocol of a traditional IEEE 1588 network can be improved by introducing a periodic perturbation time between any two nodes in the time synchronization network, the perturbation time can be caused by changing the lengths of transmission paths or introducing clock phase perturbation due to different clock frequencies in the transistor and the receiver. With the method, the relevance of resulting errors of multiple synchronizations can be eliminated, and the perturbation can be compensated by means of statistical averaging, such that the synchronization error due to the low clock resolution of the synchronization node can be decreased. The method may realize the time synchronization at the precision of nanosecond, having significant advantages over the traditional time synchronization method based on IEEE 1588 protocol.

Abstract: An apparatus for particle characterisation, comprising: a sample cell for holding a sample; a light source configured to illuminate the sample with an illuminating beam and a plurality of light detectors, each light detector configured to receive scattered light resulting from the interaction between the illuminating beam and the sample along a respective detector path, wherein each respective detector path is at substantially the same angle to the illuminating beam.

Abstract: A system for fluorescence-based imaging of a target includes at least one excitation light source configured to emit a homogeneous field of excitation light and positioned to uniformly illuminate a target surface with the homogeneous field of excitation light during fluorescent imaging, a power source, and a portable housing configured to be held in a user's hand during imaging. The housing contains a lens, a filter, an image sensor, and a processor. The filter is configured to permit optical signals responsive to illumination of the target surface and having a wavelength corresponding to at least one of bacterial autofluorescence and tissue autofluorescence to pass through the filter to the image sensor. The at least one excitation light is adjacent to the housing so as to be positioned between the target surface and the image sensor during fluorescent imaging.

Abstract: The present invention includes method and device for label-free holographic screening and enumeration of tumor cells in bulk flow comprising: a laser source, a micro-objective, a pinhole device and a collimating lens, a mirror, a sample chamber with a sample flow inlet on a first side of the sample chamber and a sample flow outlet connected by a microchannel, and a detector, wherein the collimated laser beam passes through microchannel and interacts with cells in the sample to generate a respective hologram at the detector, wherein a processor calculates a numerical reconstruction from the respective hologram and generates a focused image of the numerous cells using the numerical reconstruction, wherein the numerous cells are enumerated by looking at a size, a maximum intensity and a mean intensity of the focused image.

Abstract: A method for observing a fluorescent sample, the sample comprising a fluorescent agent that emits fluorescence light, in a fluorescence spectral band, when it is illuminated by excitation light, in an excitation spectral band, the method comprising the following steps: a) placing the sample on a holder; b) illuminating the sample, with an excitation light source, in the excitation spectral band, the light emitted by the light source propagating along a propagation axis; c) detecting fluorescence light, in the fluorescence spectral band, with an image sensor; the method being such that the holder comprises a thin layer formed from a first material, of a first refractive index, the thin layer lying in a holder plane perpendicular to the propagation axis, the thin layer comprising a first photonic crystal and second photonic crystals configured to confine the excitation light and the fluorescence light in the thin layer.

Abstract: A display substrate, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device are provided, in the field of display technology. The display substrate includes a base substrate, and a thin-film transistor, a light-emitting device, an encapsulation structure, and a conductive film layer sequentially disposed on the base substrate in a direction away from the base substrate. Since the display substrate includes a conductive film layer on a side of the encapsulation structure away from the base substrate, when the protective film layer on the side of the conductive film layer away from the base substrate is peeled off, static electricity generated by the separation of the film layer can be released to the conductive film layer, avoiding electron transition to the active layer of the thin-film transistor in the display substrate to cause offset of the threshold voltage of the thin-film transistor. The display brightness uniformity of the display substrate can be ensured.

Abstract: A method for recognizing individual plants of a selected type growing in a field, wherein the method comprises capturing color NIR image data of an entire field having plants of a selected type growing therein utilizing an automated plant counting system and calculating a ratio value between each pixel of the color image data and the corresponding pixel of the NIR image data utilizing a plant recognition algorithm executed via a data processing system of the plant counting system. The method additionally comprises generating, via execution of the plant recognition algorithm, a false color image of the field based on the calculated ratios for each pixel, and identifying, via execution of the plant recognition algorithm, all plants of the selected type in the false color image based on a plant distinguishing characteristic uniquely rendered for each individual plant of the selected type in the false color image.

Abstract: A system and method that improves and enhances the quality of step-scan Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy data. The system and method enables the removal of dark voltage with greater accuracy, provides access to previously unobtainable IR spectral information data which is amplified by the disclosed system and method. The system and method removes dark interferogram voltage from an interferogram of interest obtained during nanosecond or microsecond step-scan measurement. The system and method includes a programmable high gain setting to amplify both signal and noise into the analog-to-digital quantization range to allow signal averaging for obtaining additional bits of resolution. The system and method also accounts for and corrects intrinsic offset voltages introduced by the electronics of the disclosed system.

Abstract: In the scanning molecule counting method of measuring light intensity from a light detection region while moving the position of the light detection region of a confocal or multiphoton microscope in a sample solution containing light-emitting particles, generating time series light intensity data and detecting each of signals of the light-emitting particles individually in the data, wherein the light-emitting particles are formed by binding to a particle to be observed a light-emitting probe which emits light through binding to the particle to be observed and in which a stochastic transition between a non-light-emitting state and a light-emitting state occurs in the unbound state, the moving speed of the position of the light detection region is adjusted to make the time during which the unbound probe is encompassed by the moving light detection region longer than an average lifetime during which the probe is in the light-emitting state.

Abstract: Measurement device and methods for the detection and/or analysis of fluid-borne particles. The measurement device comprises a means for producing a flow of fluid along a fluid flow path, a laser positioned for emitting a beam of laser light in a measurement volume of the fluid flow path; a lens set for collecting laser light scattered in the measurement volume by fluid-borne particles contained in the flow of fluid; a multipixel photo-detector positioned for detecting scattered laser light collected by the lens set. The lens set is configured for focusing the scattered light in a line being perpendicular to a flow direction (y) of the flow of fluid and at a focal distance of the lens set. The multipixel photodetector is positioned at a distance from the focal distance of the lens set and oriented with its longitudinal axis parallel to the line.

Abstract: A microscope includes a movable stage supporting wells arranged in an array, a first imaging unit having a low-magnification objective lens, a second imaging unit having a high-magnification objective lens, a computer determining a representative position of a spheroid based on imaging data of the spheroid acquired by the first imaging unit, and a controller causing respective imaging units to sequentially acquire imaging data of the spheroid in each of the wells. The controller causes the first imaging unit to acquire imaging data for the spheroid in one of the wells, and then causes the stage to adjust the representative position to the optical axis of the high-magnification objective lens, and further causes the second imaging unit to acquire imaging data while causing the first imaging unit to acquire imaging data of the spheroid in another of the wells in synchronization with acquisition by the second imaging unit.

Abstract: Imaging systems and methods with scattering to reduce source auto-fluorescence and improve uniformity. In some embodiments, the system may include a plurality of trans-illumination light sources configured to irradiate an examination region with different colors of trans-illumination light, while a same diffuser is present in each optical path from the trans-illumination light sources to the examination region. The system also may comprise an excitation light source configured to irradiate the examination region with excitation light. The system may be configured to irradiate the examination region with each of the trans-illumination light sources and, optionally, with the excitation light source, without moving parts in any of the optical paths from the trans-illumination light sources. The system further may comprise an image detector configured to detect grayscale images of the examination region, and a processor configured to create a color trans-illumination image from grayscale images.

Abstract: A microscopy method includes illuminating an object with illumination light, recording a first color image of the illuminated object by a color image sensor suitable for recording colors of a first gamut, producing a second color image of the object, the second color image including pixels that each have assigned a color from a second gamut, depicting the second color image by a display apparatus suitable for rendering colors of the second gamut, wherein the producing the second color image includes determining the colors at the pixels of the second color image by applying a color transfer function to the colors of the corresponding pixels of the first color image, the color transfer function mapping input colors onto output colors, and the color transfer function mapping those input colors that belong to the first gamut but not to the second gamut onto output colors that belong to the second gamut.

Abstract: To provide a technology that an output level difference is corrected with high accuracy in fine particle measurement that optically measures properties of fine particles. The present technology provides a fine particle measurement apparatus including a detector that detects light from fluorescent reference particles that emit fluorescence having a predetermined wavelength bandwidth, and an information processor that specifies a relationship between an applied voltage coefficient corresponding to a feature amount of a predetermined output pulse and a control signal of the detector on the basis of a feature amount of an output pulse detected by the detector and the control signal of the detector at the time of detecting the feature amount of the output pulse, the feature amount of the output pulse being dependent on the control signal of the detector, or the like.

Abstract: An electroluminescent LED device comprising a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, an active emissive layer between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer, and carbon dots forming the active emissive layer.

Abstract: An oblique incidence, prism-incident, silicon-based, immersion microchannel-based measurement device may include: a microchannel structure which has a support, a substrate which is formed on the support and made of a semiconductor or dielectric material, a cover part which has a prism structure and is installed on the support, and a microchannel which is formed in any one of an upper portion of the support and a lower end of the cover part; a sample injection part which forms an adsorption layer for a sample on a substrate by injecting a buffer solution containing the sample made of a biomaterial into the microchannel; a polarized light generation part which emits polarized incident light through an incident surface of the prism to the adsorption layer at an incident angle that satisfies a p-wave antireflection condition; and a polarized light detection part.

Abstract: An observation apparatus in this embodiment includes a light source configured to irradiate an observation target with light, and a processing unit configured to generate an image based on Rayleigh scattered light derived from ?(3) included in light obtained from the observation target.

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting early stage dental caries and decays are provided. In particular, in an embodiment, laser-induced autofluorescence (AF) from multiple excitation wavelengths is obtained and analyzed. Endogenous fluorophores residing in the enamel naturally fluoresce when illuminated by wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet into the visible spectrum. The relative intensities of the AF emission changes between different excitation wavelengths when the enamel changes from healthy to demineralized. By taking a ratio of AF emission spectra integrals between different excitation wavelengths, a standard is created wherein changes in AF ratios within a tooth are quantified and serve as indicators of early stage enamel demineralization. The techniques described herein may be used in conjunction with a scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) to provide a reliable, safe and low-cost means for identifying dental caries or decays.

Abstract: A method for imaging 1-D nanomaterials is provided. The method includes: providing a 1-D nanomaterials sample; immersing the 1-D nanomaterials sample in a liquid; illuminating the 1-D nanomaterials sample by a first incident light and a second incident light to cause resonance Rayleigh scattering, wherein the first incident light and the second incident light are not parallel to each other; and acquiring a resonance Rayleigh scattering image of the 1-D nanomaterials sample with a microscope.

Abstract: An atomization unit has a tube-shaped furnace, and heats and atomizes a sample injected into the furnace. A light source unit emits light having a wavelength to be measured toward the atomization unit such that light passes through the furnace. An optical system transmits the light having the wavelength to be measured, of light passing through the furnace. A detection unit detects the light transmitted by the optical system. A light transmission plate is provided at a position in an optical path of the light passing through the furnace toward the detection unit, to obliquely cross an optical axis of the light. An image capturing unit is arranged outside the optical path, and captures an image inside the furnace by receiving light reflected by the light transmission plate, of the light passing through the furnace.

Abstract: Imaging systems and methods for imaging using the same color or monochromatic image sensor, wherein imaging can be switched between at least two imaging modes, for example between a visible imaging mode and an IR imaging mode, without moving any system component from a given position in an optical path between an imaged object and the image sensor. In an example, a system includes an image sensor, a tunable spectral filter and a multi-bandpass filter, the tunable spectral filter and the multi-bandpass filter arranged in a common optical path between an object and the image sensor, and a controller configured and operable to position the tunable spectral filter in a plurality of operation states related to a plurality of imaging modes.