Abstract: A stimulated Raman photothermal (SRP) microscope for imaging a sample. A first optical source omits an intensity-modulated pump beam. A second optical source omits an intensity-modulated Stokes beam. The Stokes beam is combined with the pump beam to form a combined beam. The combined beam is directed to the sample to induce a thermal effect caused by the stimulated Raman process. A third optical source emits a probe beam, the probe beam is directed to the sample. An optical detector detects modulation of the probe beam after modulation by the sample to measure an SRP signal.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses an optical path system for detecting a vacuum degree of a vacuum switch and a method thereof. In the optical path system, a plasma excitation unit excites pulsed laser along an excitation optical path to bombard a shielding case of a vacuum switch to be detected, so as to generate laser plasma; an optical path focusing unit focuses the excitation optical path and a collection optical path to focus the pulsed laser on the shielding case of the vacuum switch to be detected; the optical path focusing unit includes a visible laser device for generating visible light and an adjustment device for adjusting the excitation optical path; an image collection unit collects a laser plasma image and a visible light spot focusing image; the image collection unit includes a gated detector for collecting the visible light spot image and the laser plasma image via the collection optical path.

Abstract: A device may be provided for element analysis of materials by means of optical emission spectroscopy, particularly by means of laser-induced plasma spectroscopy, said device having: means for exciting a plasma from a partial quantity of a test sample made of the material to be analyzed; means for detecting and for spectral analysis of optical radiation emitted from the plasma; beam guidance means for guiding at least a part of the optical radiation emitted from the plasma to the means for detecting and spectral analysis; and means for flushing at least one partial region of the device with an inert gas, wherein the beam guidance means are at least one capillary tube, which additionally serves to guide the inert gas. A method may be provided for element analysis of materials by means of optical emission spectroscopy using the device.

Abstract: A testing method using a micro flow path device configured for a test liquid containing a specimen to be brought into contact with a drug therein and for a test on an action of the drug on the specimen includes: preparing the micro flow path device including: a plurality of micro flow paths, first and second openings which are disposed at both ends of each of the plurality of micro flow paths and communicate with an outside, a storage unit which is provided in each of the plurality of micro flow paths and stores the drug, and a gas-permeable membrane covering the first opening; applying a fluid pressure higher than an external pressure to the test liquid through the second opening from a syringe pump connected to the second opening to pressure-feed the test liquid to the storage unit; and observing a target region set in the micro flow path.

Abstract: An optical sensor for an instrument to form a closed-loop curing instrument that is configured to manage the quantity of delivered energy to a curable material, including a composite restoration for a tooth. The closed-loop curing instrument is configured to analyze a signal indicative of the light reflecting from the curable material, and to adjust light output based on the analysis.

Abstract: A light irradiation device including an injection unit to inject a sample, and a light source to apply light to the sample to identify an abnormal cell in the sample, the light source including a substrate and a light emitter including a light emitting diode, in which the light emitted is to cut a genetic material in the sample into sections of different sizes, and to deform the genetic material to different degrees, such that a determination of an abnormality of the sample is based on the degree of deformation, and an irradiation amount or intensity of the light is at an intensity in which a cytotoxicity value of the sample is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and a ratio of a degree of deformation of the genetic material of the normal sample to that of the abnormal sample is set to be a minimum value.

Abstract: A method for the repeated analysis of a sample bearing location. The sample bearing location may include, for instance, a sampled point in a tissue slice that is spatially and temporally correlated to the original slice. The slice may be in whole, or in part, a complete item or a portion of a complete item such as, for example, a human organ. The method improves the analysis process, such as mass spectrometry analysis, by providing a much more complete characterization of the target. The method also allows for the splitting of the sample and chemical/physical alteration of the aliquots for enhanced chemical analysis.

Abstract: A system for non-invasively interrogating an in vivo sample for measurement of analytes comprises a pulse sensor coupled to the in vivo sample for detect a blood pulse of the sample and for generating a corresponding pulse signal, a laser generator for generating a laser radiation having a wavelength, power and diameter, the laser radiation being directed toward the sample to elicit Raman signals, a laser controller adapted to activate the laser generator, a spectrometer situated to receive the Raman signals and to generate analyte spectral data; and a computing device coupled to the pulse sensor, laser controller and spectrometer which is adapted to correlate the spectral data with the pulse signal based on timing data received from the laser controller in order to isolate spectral components from analytes within the blood of the sample from spectral components from analytes arising from non-blood components of the sample.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are sample dishes for use with microscopes that are simple to mount on a microscope and facilitate easy manipulation of tissue samples disposed thereon during imaging as well as methods of their use. A sample dish comprises an optical interface and, optionally, a support member that holds the optical interface. The optical interface of a sample dish is suitably transparent and planar such that a focal plane of a microscope can reside uniformly at or within a surface of a sample during imaging. In certain embodiments, a support member comprises a dish for holding excess fluid. In certain embodiments, a sample dish comprises separation ribs. In certain embodiments, a sample dish comprises one or more manipulation members (e.g., tabs). In certain embodiments, a sample dish is used with an imaging artifact reducing fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method for diagnosing a disease of a body tissue by using LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) comprising: preparing a laser device including: a laser projection module, outputting the laser to a suspicious region of the body tissue, a light receiving module, receiving a plurality of light, a spectrum measurement module, and a guide unit; and projecting the laser to generate plasma by inducing tissue ablation in the suspicious region; wherein the laser projected to the suspicious region has a target area, and wherein the target area has smaller size than the suspicious region such that the target area is located inside the suspicious region.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of inspecting a printing quality of a 3D printing object using a femtosecond laser beam during a 3D printing process, and an apparatus and a 3D printing system for the same. A laser beam is irradiated from a femtosecond laser source disposed coaxially with a 3D printing laser source to inspect a state of the printing object. The laser beam generated by the femtosecond laser source is separated into a pump laser beam and a probe laser beam. The printing laser beam irradiated from a 3D printing laser source or the pump laser beam is irradiated onto a printing object to generate ultrasonic waves. To measure the ultrasonic waves, a probe laser beam is irradiated onto the printing object. The probe laser beam reflected by the printing object is detected. The quality of the printing object is inspected by analyzing the reflected probe laser beam.

Abstract: Provided is an identification apparatus wherein each spectral light beam corresponding to a predetermined wavenumber shift is projected to the imaging portion) so that a distance between a projection position of the spectral light beam corresponding to the predetermined wavenumber shift on the imaging portion and a changed projection position as a result of the different excitation wavelength is shorter than a distance at the imaging lens between an optical path of the spectral light beam corresponding to the predetermined wavenumber shift and a changed optical path as a result of the different excitation wavelength.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sampling device, a sampling system and a method of collecting samples of particulates. Also disclosed a sampling device, a sampling system and a method of generating data associated with the collection of the samples of particulates. Also disclosed is a system and method for analysing the sample data to identify the particulates in the collected samples and their one or more characteristics which may be correlated with the surrounding environment.

Abstract: Chemical composition of liquid phase samples is determined based on laser induced ablation spectroscopy of droplets. An aerosol jet comprising a carrier gas and liquid phase sample droplets, less than about 10 microns in diameter, is formed. An emissive plasma plume is generated from the sample droplets using a pulsed laser to deposit energy at a focal point in the aerosol jet. Light from the plasma plume is gathered with a concave mirror and focused into one end of a fiber optic lightguide. The lightguide can transmit spectral emissions from the plume to a spectrometer/detector which can send wavelength and intensity values to a computer. The computer is operable to determine a liquid sample composition based on the wavelength and intensity values.

Abstract: A hand held spectrometer is used to illuminate the object and measure the one or more spectra. The spectral data of the object can be used to determine one or more attributes of the object. In many embodiments, the spectrometer is coupled to a database of spectral information that can be used to determine the attributes of the object. The spectrometer system may comprise a hand held communication device coupled to a spectrometer, in which the user can input and receive data related to the measured object with the hand held communication device. The embodiments disclosed herein allow many users to share object data with many people, in order to provide many people with actionable intelligence in response to spectral data.

Abstract: The present application discloses a nanoparticle recognition device and method based on detection of scattered light with electric dipole rotation. According to the scattering model of nanoparticles, the in situ detection of particle morphology in an optical trap is realized by the methods of particle suspension control and scattered light detection and separation. Specifically, two linearly polarized laser beams are used, wherein the first laser beam suspends nanoparticles and rotates nanoparticles by adjusting the polarization direction; the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light is unchanged, and scattered light in a specific dipole direction is excited; the change of the polarizability of the nanoparticles is deduced by monitoring the change of the light intensity of the scattered light excited by the second laser beam at the fixed position, so that particle morphology recognition is realized.

Abstract: Apparatus for laser induced ablation spectroscopy (LIBS) is disclosed. An apparatus can have a computer, a pulsed laser and a lightguide fiber bundle that is subdivided into branches. One branch can convey a first portion of the light to a first optical spectrometer and a different branch can convey a second portion of the light to another optical spectrometer. The first spectrometer can be relatively wideband to analyze a relative wide spectral segment and the other spectrometer can be high dispersion to measure minor concentrations. The apparatus can further comprise an unbranched lightguide fiber bundle to provide more light to a low sensitivity spectrometer. The apparatus can include an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer ICP-MS and a computer instructions operable to provide normalized LIBS/ICP-MS composition analyses.

Abstract: The inventive device (10) can be used for tissue coagulation and/or tissue ablation. It comprises at least one electrode (16) that serves for generating a spark or plasma jet and is connectable to an electric source (20) for this purpose. The probe (11) is assigned to a measuring device (24) that emits and/or receives light in the proximity of the electrode (16) and determines the distance of the probe (11) from the tissue (36) and/or the tissue temperature and/or the composition of the influenced tissue (36). Preferably the measuring device (24) is operated synchronized with pulses or pauses of the pulse-pause-modulated radio frequency voltage (UHF) of the electrode (16) in order to simultaneously carry out the desired measurements during the operation of the instrument (11) and to feedback control the operation of the instrument (11) based on the gained measurement results.

Abstract: Super resolution and color motion artifact correction in a pulsed hyperspectral, fluorescence, and laser mapping imaging system. A method includes actuating an emitter to emit pulses of electromagnetic radiation and sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation with a pixel array of an image sensor. The method includes detecting motion across two or more sequential exposure frames, compensating for the detected motion, and combining the two or more sequential exposure frames to generate an image frame. The method is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises one or more of: electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 513 nm to about 545 nm, from about 565 nm to about 585 nm, from about 900 nm to about 1000 nm, an excitation wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that causes a reagent to fluoresce, or a laser mapping pattern.

Abstract: Presently disclosed is a lighting system and methods of using the lighting system for in vitro potency assay for photofrin. The lighting system includes a lamp housing, a first lens, an infrared absorbing filter, an optical filter, and a second lens. The lamp housing includes a lamp and a light-port. In operation, broad spectrum light from the lamp exits the lamp housing by passing through the light-port. The first lens then collimates the broad spectrum light that exits the lamp housing through the light-port. The infrared absorbing filter then passes a first portion of the collimated broad spectrum light to the optical filter and absorbs infrared light of the broad spectrum light. The optical filter then passes a second portion of the collimated broad spectrum light to the second lens. The second lens then disperses the second portion of the collimated light to provide uniform irradiation of a cell culture plate. A method of using the lighting system for studying a photosensitizer is also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for image-based biological sample constituent analysis are disclosed. For example, image data corresponding to an image having a target constituent and other constituents may be generated and utilized for analysis. The systems and processes described herein may be utilized to differentiate between portions of image data corresponding to the target constituent and other portions that do not correspond to the target constituent. Analysis of the target constituent instances may be performed to provide analytical results.

Abstract: An optical manufacturing process sensing and status indication system is taught that is able to utilize optical emissions from a manufacturing process to infer the state of the process. In one case, it is able to use these optical emissions to distinguish thermal phenomena on two timescales and to perform feature extraction and classification so that nominal process conditions may be uniquely distinguished from off-nominal process conditions at a given instant in time or over a sequential series of instants in time occurring over the duration of the manufacturing process. In other case, it is able to utilize these optical emissions to derive corresponding spectra and identify features within those spectra so that nominal process conditions may be uniquely distinguished from off-nominal process conditions at a given instant in time or over a sequential series of instants in time occurring over the duration of the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A screening method is provided. Cells secreting target antibodies are screened by mixing candidate cells labeled with a first fluorescent molecule, a capture antigen and a labeled antibody against a target antibody and incubating, labeling using a high content cell imager and sorting using flow cytometry so as to screen cells secreting target antibodies. The screening method disclosed in the present application can automatically complete the labeling and sorting of target candidate cells in high throughput by labeling with a fluorescent molecule in combination with high-content cell imager and flow cytometer, so as to provide sufficient quantity of cells for subsequent amplification to obtain their antibody sequences and screen affinity antibodies. This method greatly improves the screening efficiency.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical measurement device for measuring light to be inspected. The optical measurement device comprises a light receiving module, a light splitting module, and a plurality of color filters. The light receiving module is used for converting the light to be inspected into a first parallel light. The light splitting module is used for splitting the first parallel light into a plurality of parallel lights to be inspected. Each color filter receives at least one of the plurality of parallel lights to be inspected. The plurality of parallel lights to be inspected filtered by the plurality of color filters are used to calculate tristimulus values in the CIE color space.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of verifying enhanced rock weathering using immobile trace elements found within a mineral amendment. Further disclosed are mineral amendments that enable enhanced rock weathering.

Abstract: An analysis apparatus includes a stage on which an analysis sample as an analysis target and a first adjustment sample used for adjusting a focus are provided. A laser generation unit generates a laser beam for vaporizing the analysis sample or the first adjustment sample by irradiating the sample with the laser beam. A detection unit detects a signal intensity of an element of the analysis sample or the first adjustment sample vaporized by irradiation with the laser beam. A controller determines a focus position of the laser beam with respect to a front surface position of the first adjustment sample based on the signal intensity of the first adjustment sample, and performs a control such that the focus position of the laser beam corresponds with a front surface of the analysis sample.

Abstract: Provided herein are devices, systems, and methods for characterizing a biological sample in vivo or ex vivo in real-time using time-resolved spectroscopy. A light source generates a light pulse or continuous light wave and excites the biological sample, inducing a responsive fluorescent signal. A demultiplexer splits the signal into spectral bands and a time delay is applied to the spectral bands so as to capture data with a detector from multiple spectral bands from a single excitation pulse. The biological sample is characterized by analyzing the fluorescence intensity magnitude and/or decay of the spectral bands. The sample may comprise one or more exogenous or endogenous fluorophore. The device may be a two-piece probe with a detachable, disposable distal end. The systems may combine fluorescence spectroscopy with other optical spectroscopy or imaging modalities. The light pulse may be focused at a single focal point or scanned or patterned across an area.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an analysis apparatus includes a stage on which to place a sample, a light source, a film thickness measurement unit, and a controller. The light source generates a laser beam to irradiate the sample with the laser beam to cause vaporization of the sample. The film thickness measurer measures a thickness of the sample at a first position where the laser beam irradiates the sample. The controller controls at least one irradiation condition of the laser beam based on the measured thickness of the sample.

Abstract: The invention encompasses analyzers and analyzer systems that include a single molecule analyzer, methods of using the analyzer and analyzer systems to analyze samples, either for single molecules or for molecular complexes. The single molecule uses electromagnetic radiation that is translated through the sample to detect the presence or absence of a single molecule. The single molecule analyzer provided herein is useful for diagnostics because the analyzer detects single molecules with zero carryover between samples.

Abstract: Apparatus for laser induced ablation spectroscopy (LIBS) is disclosed. An apparatus can have a computer, a pulsed laser and a lightguide fiber bundle that is subdivided into branches. One branch can convey a first portion of the light to a first optical spectrometer and a different branch can convey a second portion of the light to another optical spectrometer. The first spectrometer can be relatively wideband to analyze a relative wide spectral segment and the other spectrometer can be high dispersion to measure minor concentrations. The apparatus can have a plurality of spectrometers with distinct and/or complementary capabilities, and can include an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and data and instructions in tangible media operable to obtain a synergistic composition analysis based on optical spectra and ion mass to charge ratio peaks from the mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present technology includes a light source, a filling portion, and a detector. The light source emits illumination light. The filling portion includes a first surface portion and a second surface portion which are provided on an optical path of the illumination light and are opposite to each other, the filling portion enabling a cavity between the first and second surface portions to be filled with liquid including a cell. The detector detects an interference fringe of the illumination light passing through the cavity, the interference fringe being caused by the liquid including the cell.

Abstract: Sorting apparatus including a chute, on which objects are moved in succession by gravitational force, the chute having a cutout with a measuring region. An LIBS laser device is arranged adjacent to the cutout to carry out spectroscopic measurement on the moving objects. A separating device separates out certain objects, and a control device controls and/or adjusts the separating device as a function of the measurement results of the LIBS laser device. The chute includes at least a first portion, through which the objects can be moved first and centered normal to the conveying direction by gravitational force, and a second portion that is flat. The cutout includes the measuring region is arranged in the second portion.

Abstract: For checking the confocality of a scanning and descanning microscope assembly comprising a light source providing illumination light focused into a focal area in a focal plane, a detector detecting light coming out of the focal area and having a detection aperture to be arranged in a confocal fashion with respect to the focal area, and a scanner, an auxiliary detection aperture of an auxiliary detector arranged in the focal plane is scanned with the focal area of the illumination light to record a first comparison intensity distribution of the illumination light registered by the auxiliary detector, and the detection aperture of the detector is scanned with auxiliary light that exits out of an auxiliary emission aperture of an auxiliary light source concentrically arranged with respect to the auxiliary detection aperture in the focal plane to record a second comparison intensity distribution of the auxiliary light registered by the detector.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method for high spatial resolution imaging comprising a phase plate or a spatial light modulator (SLM) device for STimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy and Reversible Saturable OpticaL Fluorescence Transitions (RESOLFT) microscopy, where a bivortex pattern is imprinted on the said phase plate or SLM to generate a beam. The bivortex pattern allows some freedom in shaping the STED beam to improve the microscope's axial performance and optical sectioning capacity. The present invention further refers to a method for STED and RESOLFT microscopy comprising the step of modulating the optical phase of a laser using a phase plate or a spatial light modulator device with a phase mask comprising a bivortex with a tunable radius.

Abstract: Methods for laser induced ablation spectroscopy (LIBS) are disclosed. Light from laser ablation can be gathered into a lightguide fiber bundle that is subdivided into branches. One branch can convey a first portion of the light to a broadband spectrometer operable to analyze a relatively wide spectral segment, and a different branch can convey a second portion of the light to a high dispersion spectrometer operable to measure minor concentrations and/or trace elements. Emissions can be analyzed using a plurality of spectrometers having distinct and/or complementary capabilities, and with a synergistic method using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Abstract: The methods described herein provide improvements to the measurement of dose content uniformity of inhaler and nasal devices. The methods involve analyzing and measuring a spray pattern of an emitted spray from an inhaler or nasal device. The spray pattern may be used to determine the dose content uniformity of an inhaler or nasal device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for three-dimensional fluorescence polarization excitation that generates maps of positions and orientation of fluorescent molecules in three or more dimensions are disclosed.

Abstract: A system includes a focus optic configured to converge an electromagnetic radiation (EMR) beam to a focal region located along an optical axis. The system also includes a detector configured to detect a signal radiation emanating from a predetermined location along the optical axis. The system additionally includes a controller configured to adjust a parameter of the EMR beam based in part on the signal radiation detected by the detector. The system also includes a window located a predetermined depth away from the focal region, between the focal region and the focus optic along the optical axis, wherein the window is configured to make contact with a surface of a tissue.

Abstract: A method includes transmitting first optical energy towards a space being scanned. The method also includes detecting one or more instances of a first material in the space using first return optical energy, where the first return optical energy is based on the transmitted first optical energy. The method further includes, for each of the one or more instances of the first material, transmitting second optical energy towards a portion of the space in which the instance of the first material was detected. The method also includes detecting one or more instances of a second material in the space using second return optical energy, where the second return optical energy is based on the transmitted second optical energy. In addition, the method includes identifying a presence of at least one type of device in the space based on instances of the first and second materials detected in the space.

Abstract: Method for detecting colon or colorectal cancer by measuring heavy metal concentrations in colon or colorectal tissue using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).

Abstract: In order to provide a means to uniquely estimate the attitude in a wider range of angles to thereby realize a more accurate attitude estimate, a planar marker is provided. The planar marker includes a planar visual marker having a two-dimensional pattern code and at least two attitude inversion detection patterns Fx and Fy each consisting of a transparent cylindrical body having a pattern on the side face within the range of 180 degrees around the central axis ra and being provided so as to be orthogonal to each other on the same plane as that of planar visual marker. A marker is provided that includes at least one attitude inversion detection pattern. The attitude inversion detection pattern consists of the planar visual marker and a transparent spherical body having a pattern on a hemispherical surface and is provided on the same plane as that of the planar visual marker.

Abstract: A variable focus imaging lens assembly has different, calibrated settings for each of multiple different wavelength ranges. Images are captured for each wavelength range using the different settings, corrected and stacked to form an image data cube. Using multiple wavelength ranges allows a scene or object to be imaged by multispectral imagers, hyperspectral imagers and imaging spectrometers using an overall wide wavelength range.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a diagnostic method using laser induced breakdown spectrum analysis and a diagnostic device for performing the same. The diagnostic device may include a laser projection module projecting a pulsed laser to a specimen, a light receiving module receiving a light generated by a plasma ablation induced at the specimen by the pulsed laser, a spectral member receiving and dividing the light generated by the plasma ablation; a sensor array including a plurality of sensors arranged to receive the divided light for each wavelength, and a controller obtaining spectrum data of the light generated by the plasma ablation from a specific exposure period, and determining whether or not the specimen is diseased based on the spectrum data of the light generated by the plasma ablation.

Abstract: A joint point-of-care testing (POCT) analyzer, and a system comprising an analyzer and a cartridge, for measuring one or more analyte quantities per unit volume of blood and one or more formed element quantities per unit volume of blood, is described. Examples of formed elements of blood are red blood cells and white blood cells, and cell counts are determined by imaging using a two-dimensional multi-channel detector. Examples of analytes are hemoglobin and bilirubin, and hemoglobin and bilirubin concentrations are determined by spectroscopy using a one-dimensional multi-channel detector. Other examples of analytes are electrolytes, and electrolyte concentrations may be determined using biosensors incorporated in the cartridges.

Abstract: Systems and methods for image-based biological sample constituent analysis are disclosed. For example, image data corresponding to an image having a target constituent and other constituents may be generated and utilized for analysis. The systems and processes described herein may be utilized to differentiate between portions of image data corresponding to the target constituent and other portions that do not correspond to the target constituent. Analysis of the target constituent instances may be performed to provide analytical results.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for shaped incoherent light for control (SILC). More particularly, disclosed is a method for controlling the evolution of photo-responsive systems (including chemical species, biochemical species or material compounds) using a device capable of producing shaped incoherent light for such control. The disclosed device integrates a polychromatic incoherent source in an adaptive feedback control loop.

Abstract: A fully automatic online aero aluminum sorting and recovery system based on LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) technology, which belongs to the field of aero aluminum sorting and recovery technology, and is suitable for online sorting, detection and recovery of large batch of aero aluminum. The fully automatic online aero aluminum sorting system based on LIBS technology provided in the present invention consists of six portions: a sample feeding unit (1), a surface treatment unit (2), a material positioning unit (3), a LIBS analysis and detection unit (4), a transfer unit (5) and a sorting and recovery unit (6). The system according to the invention can be used to realize the automatic online detection, sorting and recovery of aero aluminum, and the system does not have requirements on the surface condition of the recovered aero aluminum samples. The sorting accuracy rate is greater than 90% and the sorting rate is not less than 1 block per second.

Abstract: Methods for wavelength determination of widely tunable lasers and systems thereof may be implemented with solid-state laser based photonic systems based on photonic integrated circuit technology as well as discrete table top systems such as widely-tunable external cavity lasers and systems. The methods allow integrated wavelength control enabling immediate system wavelength calibration without the need for external wavelength monitoring instruments. Wavelength determination is achieved using a monolithic solid-state based optical cavity with a well-defined transmission or reflection function acting as a wavelength etalon. The solid-state etalon may be used with a wavelength shift tracking component, e.g., a non-balanced interferometer, to calibrate the entire laser emission tuning curve within one wavelength sweep.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a level of background fluorescent light produced during photometric interrogation of a sample is provided. The method includes applying an excitation light to a sample using a laser at a plurality linewidths different from one another, the excitation light at each of the plurality of different linewidths applied at an excitation wavelength operable to cause emission of light from the sample, the light emitted from the sample including Raman scattered light and background fluorescent light; detecting light emitted from the tissue sample at each of the plurality of linewidths using a detector and producing light signals representative of the detected light; and determining a level of the background fluorescent using the light signals representative of the detected light for each of the plurality of different linewidths.

Abstract: A circular dichroism spectrometer which comprises a metasurface. The metasurface has a plurality of anisotropic antennas configured to simultaneously spatially separate LCP and RCP spectral components from an incoming light beam. An optical detector array is included which detects the LCP and RCP spectral components. A transparent medium is situated between the metasurface and the optical detector array.