Abstract: In a laser based curing apparatus, the acts both as the curing light and the excitation source for a Raman spectroscopic sensor. The spectroscopic sensor provides real-time, in situ, non-invasive curing status monitoring via Raman spectroscopy. The spectroscopic information can be further used to control the operation parameters of the laser to achieve the optimum cure result.

Abstract: A spectral imaging device with a narrow band spectrally tunable light source. The light source includes an optical parametric oscillator that can be tuned across a wide range of wavelengths while illuminating a target. In a preferred embodiment, a Q-switched YAG laser pumps the OPO. Two-dimensional images of the target may be detected at various wavelengths by a imaging sensor with a many pixel focal plane array to generate data arrays known as hyper-spectral image cubes. These images detecting variations is optical parameters including transmission, reflectivity, and fluorescence of the target can be obtained in various spectral ranges from ultraviolet to infrared for a variety of applications in metrology, agriculture, life sciences, and in the pharmaceutical industry.

Abstract: A system and method for characterizing contributions to signal noise associated with charge-coupled devices adapted for use in biological analysis. Dark current contribution, readout offset contribution, photo response non-uniformity, and spurious charge contribution can be determined by the methods of the present teachings and used for signal correction by systems of the present teachings.

Abstract: A device for exciting surface plasmons includes a light illuminating source, a transparent substrate having a ridge, a metal layer covering side surfaces of the ridge and their neighboring region, and a thin metal film formed on a top face of the ridge. Evanescent waves caused by light emitted from the light illuminating source and transmitted through the transparent substrate and the thin metal film can excite surface plasmons in the thin metal film.

Abstract: An endoscope probe system includes an endoscope probe to be inserted into a body cavity to observe tissue of a living body. The endoscope probe system further includes a laser source that emits multiple laser beams, a light detector having multiple light receiving elements each of which detects intensity of light incident thereon, and a plurality of confocal optical systems arranged to focus the laser beams emitted from the laser source to small spots arranged in a matrix pattern on the target and selectively transmit the laser beams reflected by the target at the spots to respective ones of the light receiving elements of the light detector.

Abstract: An optical device for directing optical signals in a fluorescence-based analyzer having first and second laser light sources for providing illuminating laser light at different wavelengths. The device comprises a band pass laser filter associated with each laser and arranged to allow laser light of the relevant wavelength of its associated laser to pass therethrough but to reflect light of other wavelengths, each band pass filter being arranged to direct laser light from both of the lasers into a single path directed at a sample to be illuminated in use. At least two fluorescence band pass filters are provided, each of which is arranged to allow light of a selected fluorescent wavelength therethrough.

Abstract: A method for spectroscopy of the optical emission of a liquid excited by a pulsed laser focused on the surface thereof is such that the area of analysis is scanned by a laminar discharge of gas whose velocity and section are such that it is possible to remove the residues of the plasma suspended in the gas, resulting from a first laser pulse, before the subsequent laser pulse occurs.

Abstract: A fluorescence lifetime measurement apparatus includes a first controller controlling a total gate length and a second controller controlling a start gate length of a plurality of gate lengths into which the total gate length is divided. The start gate length is a time window whose start time is when measurement of the number of fluorescence photons of a specimen starts. The apparatus also includes a measurer measuring the number of fluorescence photons for each of the gate lengths; a processor calculating a fluorescence lifetime the specimen based on the start gate length and the number of fluorescence photons; and a third controller causing, when the fluorescence lifetime does not satisfy a predetermined condition, the first and second controllers to change the start gate length and the total gate length.

Abstract: Noise in a fluorescence image acquired during fluoroscopy is eliminated to present a clear fluorescence image, and the relative positional relationship between the fluoroscopy unit and the specimen can be recognized even while fluoroscopy is in progress. A dark box apparatus for fluoroscopy includes: a dark-box main body enclosing a specimen and a fluoroscopy unit for illuminating the specimen with excitation light with a first spectral band and for detecting fluorescence with a second spectral band generated by the specimen; an illumination light source disposed in the dark-box main body to emit light with a third spectral band different from the first spectral band and the second spectral band; and an observation window disposed in the dark-box main body, the observation window being capable of transmitting light with a fourth spectral band which includes at least part of the third spectral band and does not include the first spectral band and the second spectral band.

Abstract: A device and method for measuring optical properties of a sample are provided. The device comprises a housing surrounding a flow-through flow-cell having a sample inlet positioned proximate to a first end of the flow-cell and a sample outlet positioned proximate to a second end of the flow-cell and a sample chamber positioned between the sample inlet and the sample outlet. A plurality of excitation sources are positioned on the housing and are incident on a sample in the flow-cell. At least one excitation source has a wavelength that is different from the other excitation sources. At least one fluorescence emission detector, which detects a continuous broadband spectrum of emission wavelengths, is positioned in an operable relationship to the flow-cell. At least one signal interrogation system, which interprets a continuous fluorescence emission spectrum, is positioned in an operable relationship with each detector.

Abstract: An aerosol-into-liquid collector (ALC) for collecting gas-borne particles from a large volume of gas such as air into a small volume of liquid is described. The ALC uses a linear quadrupole to concentrate particles flowing in a gas and to help direct these concentrated particles toward a small volume of collection liquid so that these particles tend to combine with a small volume of collection liquid that can then be drawn from the ACL for further analysis. The particles in the gas are typically given a charge that is opposite to that of the charge imparted to the volume of collection liquid so that electrostatic forces help draw particles from the flowing gas into the small volume of liquid. The linear quadrupole focuses toward it axis particles that have the charge, mass and mobility to be stable in the linear quadrupole.

Abstract: Aerosol particle analyzer (APA) for measuring an analyte in airborne particle is described. Airborne particles are first given an electrical charge and then drawn in air past an oppositely charged volume of an analysis liquid that exposed to the air at a small hole in a container, such as a capillary, that holds that analysis liquid. Electrostatic forces enhance the rate that the airborne particles collide with the small exposed volume of the analysis liquid in the hole. If the particles that collide with the analysis liquid contain the analyte, an optical property of the analysis liquid, such as the fluorescence, varies according to the amount of the analyte in the particles. This optical property is measured and the amount of analyte in the particles is determined from the measured optical property.

Abstract: A trace species detection system for engine health monitoring, the system including a laser for generating a laser beam, and optics for focusing the laser beam into an exhaust plume of an engine for thereby creating a spark in the exhaust plume. The system further includes spectral analysis instrumentation for detecting light emissions from the spark, and statistical processing instrumentation for analyzing data from the spectral analysis instrumentation for thereby identifying and quantifying specific particles within a volume of the spark. The invention also provides a method of monitoring the health of an engine, the method including generating a laser beam, focusing the laser beam into an exhaust plume of the engine for thereby creating a spark in the exhaust plume, detecting light emissions from the spark, and analyzing data from the detection for thereby identifying and quantifying specific particles within a volume of the spark.

Abstract: This application relates to a method for pellerizing and taking intensive measurements of a raw sample. The method includes homogenizing and pelletizing the sample that is to be subjected to compositional or intensive analysis. The raw sample is mixed with several solutions containing epoxies and activators based in carrier solutions or solvents, and ground to a fine powder or gel. The gel is partially dried and conformed to a pellet shape. The pellet is then cured such that the epoxy and activator solutions react and form a binding agent capable of maintaining the structural integrity of the sample pellet during intensive analysis. An intensive analysis instrument, such as LIBS, may then be used to ablate the surface of the pellet. The pellet provides consistent ablation of the sample material for accurate intensive measurements.

Abstract: An apparatus for total internal reflection microscopy of a sample, comprising a microscope objective lens; an excitation beam path for passing light through the objective lens to said sample; and a coupling element arranged in a back focal plane of the objective lens or in a plane which is conjugate to said back focal plane; said coupling element comprising a first area for relaying light to the objective lens for total internal reflection illumination of said sample and a second area; wherein said second area is capable of separating light emitted by said sample and passing through said excitation beam path in reverse direction from said excitation beam path; wherein said second area is spatially separate from said first area and does not overlap with said first area; and wherein a distance between said optical axis of the objective lens and that boundary of said first area which is nearer to said optical axis of the objective lens is selected such that the light beams passing from said first area into the o

Abstract: The Stokes shift emission spectra were measured for various samples, including tissues containing photoactive bio-molecules such as tryptophan, elastin, collagen, NADH and flavin. This new approach allows for the extraction of new information not easily obtained from the excitation and or fluorescence spectra of the same samples. For example, Stokes shift spectroscopy of tissue samples can detect disease states in humans and animals.

Abstract: An aerosol deflection system having a concentration zone expelling an air stream through a first detection zone, a second detection zone, and a deflection zone. The first detection zone activates the second detection zone based upon detection of a suspect aerosol of a pre-selected size. The second detection zone activates the deflection zone when the suspect aerosol of the pre-selected size has a predetermined light-induced-fluorescence signature. The deflection zone directs a pressure pulse at the suspect aerosol having the predetermined light-induced-fluorescence signature to deflect the suspect aerosol from the air stream.

Abstract: There is described a method for identifying at least one molecule in a substantially transparent medium, the method comprising: transmitting high-power, ultra-short laser pulses into the medium so as to generate filaments in which a spontaneous fluorescence signal propagating along an axis of the filament is amplified by stimulated emission; detecting the amplified spontaneous fluorescence signal; and analyzing the florescence signal to identify said molecule.

Abstract: A confocal scanning microscope includes a stimulating light beam scanning unit that scans at least a predetermined plane perpendicular to the depth direction of the stimulating light beam focal position, a stimulating light beam scanning control unit that controls the scanning area of the stimulating light beam to a desired area, an exciting light beam scanning control unit that controls the scanning area of the exciting light beam to a desired area, an exciting light beam focal position changing unit, provided in an excitation fluorescence optical path, which is a portion of an optical path where the exciting light beam and the fluorescence pass and located outside a common optical path where the exciting light beam, the fluorescence, and the stimulating light beam pass, that changes at least the exciting light beam focal position in the depth direction, and an exciting light beam control unit that controls the exciting light beam focal position variably to a desired position.

Abstract: A device for measuring the intensity of a luminescence radiation emitted by at least one chemical species probed, along a trajectory by an excitation radiation. The device includes n measurement channels, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, each measurement channel being used to measure a fraction of the intensity of the luminescence radiation emitted along the trajectory. The device is also applicable to analytical chemistry to make speciation measurements.

Abstract: A measuring device for immunochromatography test piece comprising an irradiation optical system for irradiating measurement light onto an immunochromatography test piece, and a detection optical system for detecting reflected light from the immunochromatography test piece under irradiation with the measurement light. The irradiation optical system comprises a semiconductor light emitting element, a beam shaping member, a lens, a first baffle portion, a second baffle portion, and a third baffle portion. The beam shaping member shapes light from the semiconductor light emitting element, into a beam of a beam section extending in a direction substantially parallel to a colored line formed on the immunochromatography test piece. The lens focuses the beam from the beam shaping member on the immunochromatography test piece. The first baffle portion removes stray light, which is disposed between the semiconductor light emitting element and the beam shaping member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the measurement of radiation, especially fluorescence from samples in assays, wherein a plurality of micro-sample light emitting sites are imaged simultaneously onto a detector array by a plurality of miniature objectives, one for each sample site and focussed thereon, producing parallel beams of light arranged in parallel and spaced apart, which beams are focussed at a pinhole aperture and then reconstituted as parallel beams for incidence on the detector array.

Abstract: A method for analyzing properties of a sample by measuring fluorescence parameters in multiple foci, comprises the steps of splitting a collimated primary laser beam with a splitting device into at least two collimated secondary laser beams and deflecting the secondary laser beams such that they propagate at different propagation angles with respect to an optical axis of a focussing optic, focussing the secondary laser beams with the focussing optic into at least two volume elements in the sample, detecting light emitted from the volume elements with a detecting device, and evaluating the detected light for obtaining the properties to be analyzed. Furthermore, a device for implementing this method is described. The invention is particularly suited for high-throughput screening applications.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for analyzing a sample comprising: immobilising a polypeptide to a physical support; contacting the immobilised polypeptide with a test sample which may contain an agent capable of modifying the immobilised polypeptide; contacting the immobilised polypeptide with a binding partner polypeptide, wherein the binding of this partner polypeptide to the immobilised polypeptide is at least partly dependent on the modification state of the immobilised polypeptide; and measuring the association of the binding partner polypeptide to the immobilised polypeptide.

Abstract: A multi-channel, reconfigurable fiber-coupled Raman instrument uses fiber optic switches for laser and calibration light routing to facilitate automated calibration, diagnosis and operational safety. The system allows wavelength axis calibration on all channels; laser wavelength calibration (including multiple and/or backup laser options); fiber coupling optimization; fault detection/diagnosis; and CCD camera binning setup. In the preferred embodiment, dedicated calibration channels surround data channels on a 2-dimensional CCD dispersed slit image implemented using a unique cabling architecture. This “over/under” calibration interpolation approach facilitates quasi-simultaneous or sequential calibration/data acquisitions. CCD binning between sequential calibration and data acquisitions enables higher density multi-channel operation with tilted images based upon a multiplexed grating configuration.

Abstract: A laser-induced fluorescence analysis device (1), comprising a tube (2) including a channel, elements projecting an excitation light (13), optical collecting member (7), optical measurement elements (8) and a processing member (9) for producing an analysis result, the collecting member being mechanically coupled to one end of the channel, the tube being integrally made of a material with refractive index either lower than that of water, or higher than both that of water and that of ambient air so as to guide the fluorescence light along the channel in the channel and/or its wall up to the collecting member, which is designed to collect the fluorescence light propagated along the longitudinal direction of the channel.

Abstract: An optical system and method of exciting and measuring fluorescence on or in samples treated using fluorescent pigments using such an optical system having at least one first laser (1); a mirror (4); a deflection element (7); an optic (8); and a unit (10), which includes mirror (4) and optic (8) mounted fixed in relation to one another. The unit (10) is positioned so it is linearly movable back and forth along the optical axis (5) and is mechanically connected to an oscillating linear drive (11). The optic (8) additionally acts as a collimator and the mirror (4) additionally acts to deflect the collimated light (12) parallel to the optical axis (5).

Abstract: Aerosol particle analyzer (APA) for measuring the amount of analyte in airborne particle is described. The APA uses an analysis liquid. In most embodiments, this analysis liquid is chosen so that when it is mixed with the particles, an optical property of the analysis liquid (AL) varies according to the amount of the analyte in the particles. Airborne particles are drawn into the instrument, and detected using optical methods such as light scattering or laser-induced fluorescence. When a particle of interest is detected, a charged droplet of the analysis liquid (CDAL) is ejected so that it collides with the detected particle and moves into a horizontally oriented linear quadrupole that is in an airtight container, except for small orifices to let the CDAL enter and exit.

Abstract: A detector, arranged in the detection beam path of a scanning microscope, for the detection of detected light proceeding from a sample can be used to detect other than the detected light for example of external optical experiments. The scanning microscope comprises an incoupling apparatus with which light other than the detected light can be coupled into the detection beam path and conveyed to the detector.

Abstract: A system and method of providing illumination for a cell imaging system delivering modulated light for illumination of a sample. Modulation of illumination intensity may be effectuated by pulsing the output of a light source, for example, or by selectively interrupting light provided by the source. Such modulated illumination may have particular utility in applications where reducing the number of electrons in a super-excited state may minimize the rate of photobleaching and photodamage in the molecules being studied.

Abstract: In a process for the quantitative optical analysis of biological cells labelled with a fluorescent dye, the sensitivity of analytical detection can be considerably improved if a masking dye, which absorbs the excitation light for the fluorescent dye and/or its emission light is added to the solution surrounding the biological cells and/or if a separating layer permeable to the solution and absorbing and/or reflecting the excitation light or the emission light is applied to a layer of the biological cells at the bottom of a reaction vessel. This process can also be used for improving the sensitivity in the quantitative optical analysis of a luminescent biological cell layer. Analogously, these process principles can also be used in receptor studies for the masking of the interfering background radiation in the quantitative optical analysis of fluorescently or luminescently labelled reaction components.

Abstract: A component analyzing apparatus includes a microchip having a fine separating flow path for separating components when a sample solution labeled with fluorescence passes therethrough. A light irradiation device is arranged to irradiate light to a predetermined area of the microchip at a predetermined angle so that the proximity field light irradiates at least a portion of the separating flow path of the microchip. A light detecting device is disposed above the microchip to receive the fluorescence discharged from the sample solution labeled with fluorescence present in the separating flow path with the proximity field light generated from light irradiated by the light irradiating device as excitation light.

Abstract: A dual beam confocal microscope is provided. An optical source assembly provides two mutually coherent optical beams differing in frequency by a frequency difference ?f. The two beams are received by focusing assemblies that provide two focused beams to a sample. The focused beams intersect at a beam intersection angle within a target region of the sample. The two focused beams have respective focal regions preferably overlapping with the target region. A detector receives radiation emitted from the sample, including radiation emitted from the target region. The detector output, responsive to received intensity, is filtered with an electrical filter to provide a filtered signal. The electrical filter has a frequency response H(f), where H(f) has a pass band including f=?f and a stop band including f=0. Optionally, an optical filter and/or a collection assembly can be placed between the sample and detector.

Abstract: A laser beam is scanned on a sample while a wavelength of the laser beam is varied. Quantity of fluorescence from the sample is detected. Absorption wavelength spectral characteristic data of fluorescence indicators whose kinds are known and which dye the sample is acquired. The absorption wavelength spectral characteristic data of a site to be discriminated is compared with the absorption wavelength spectral characteristic data of each of the fluorescence indicators of known kinds. The kind of fluorescence indicator dyeing the site to be discriminated is discriminated from a result of the comparison.

Abstract: Aerosol particle analyzer (APA) for measuring the amount of analyte in airborne particle is described. The APA uses an analysis liquid. When this analysis liquid is mixed with the particles, an optical property of the analysis liquid (CDAL) varies according to the amount of the analyte in the particles. A charged droplet of the analysis liquid is levitated. Airborne particles are drawn into the instrument and given a charge that is opposite that of the CDAL, and made to flow near the CDAL so that electrostatic forces greatly increase the probability that the CDAL and charged particles will combine. Then the CDAL is ejected into a horizontally oriented linear quadrupole that is in an airtight container, except for a small orifice to let the CDAL enter. The CDAL is levitated in a high humidity environment so that it evaporates slowly, so that there is time for the reaction between the analyte, if any, and the CDAL can take place, and so that the optical property, typically fluorescence, can be measured.

Abstract: A method for the detection and evaluation of the light generated in a fluorescing specimen by a short pulse laser, wherein at least a first and a second fluorophore and/or a self-fluorescing specimen are separately irradiated with different wavelengths and the specimen light is recorded in a wavelength-dependent manner with at least one nondescanned detector as reference spectrum and a separation into individual spectra is carried out during the irradiation of at least two fluorophores and/or self-fluorescing specimens simultaneously from the measured spectrum and the reference spectra through regression analysis, wherein the wavelength of the short pulse laser is advantageously changed continuously in at least one wavelength region.

Abstract: A spectrometer for correcting a displacement of a dispersed light image having a light source for outputting a monochromatic ray of light, an optical system which images a dispersed light image of the monochromatic ray through an incident slit on an imaging plane, a sensor array, and a calculator for calculating a variation in an imaging position of a primary dispersed light image of the monochromatic ray through the incident slit on the imaging plane from its initial position as a first image displacement amount, and a variation in an imaging position of a secondary dispersed light image of the monochromatic ray through the incident slit from its initial position as a second image displacement amount, and calculating, based on the first and second image displacement amounts, a third image displacement amount which is free of an influence due to a fluctuation of a wavelength of the monochromatic ray.

Abstract: In a method for multi photon excitation of a sample a laser beam is split into at least two coherent partial beams each having a beam axis and a same intensity distribution about its beam axis. The partial beams are directed from different directions towards a common measuring plane running transversely to the beam axes at an inclination angle <1 between the beam axes of the partial beams; and the partial beams are projected onto the measuring plane by means of a common lens system. Thus, an interference pattern formed by the coherent partial beams within the measuring plane provides areas of maximum light intensity adjacent to areas of minimum light intensity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting defects in a semiconductor or silicon structure at room temperature, and in an efficient time, using photoluminescence. The invention employs the use of a high intensity beam of light preferably having a spot size between 0.1 mm–0.5 microns and a peak or average power density of 104–109 w/cm2 with a view to generating a high concentration of charge carriers, which charge characters detect defects in a semiconductor by interacting with same. These defects are visible by producing a photoluminescence image of the semiconductor. Several wavelengths may be selected to identify defects at a selective depth as well as confocal optics may be used.

Abstract: System and method of aerosolized agent detection. Multi-part collection tape is employed for capturing particles of interest for immediate analysis and optional forensic preservation and recording information related to capture and subsequent real-time analysis. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopic processing is employed and spectra attributable to known collection tape materials is subtracted to derive particle spectra for comparison to known hazardous agent spectra.

Abstract: A wide-spectrum compact ultrabrief laser source includes a rare-earth ion primary laser. The source is pumped by a pump light flux centered on a wavelength ?D, the flux being emitted by a solid laser pump source. The primary source emits a primary light flux centered on a wavelength ?L of spectral width ??L. The latter is injected via an optical injection into a photonic crystal fiber having a length L, a cross-section d, and a set of cavities of diameter ?. A coupling optics collects the light flux at the output of the photonic crystal fiber. The light flux is centered on a wavelength ?F and has a spectral width ??F. The spectrum is subjected in the photonic crystal fiber to an enlargement which is due for more than 50% to phase self-modulation.

Abstract: This device comprises a pulsed laser source (6), means (8, 10, 12) for focusing light from this source onto an object to be analysed (2) to produce plasma on the surface of the object, means (16, 18) of analyzing a plasma radiation spectrum, means (20) of determining the elementary composition of the object from this analysis, and possibly means (4) for displacing the object. The invention is particularly applicable to test radioactive materials.

Abstract: An analyzer useful in determining the presence of an analyte using a diffraction based sensing device and methods and systems using this device. The present invention may be used with a variety of different diffraction-based diagnostic methods and systems. The analyzer enhances the accuracy and/or usefulness of these devices in detecting analytes, while providing more ease-of-use and convenience to the user. The analyzer may include a light source, a photodiode, a microprocessor and a display system for informing the user of the result. Other features include mirrors, lenses, a sample holder, and a mask for blocking out some light. The analyzer and related method and system may be used in a large number of environments, including commercial, professional, and individual.

Abstract: An apparatus for presenting a sample of material for analysis by a laser-based analyzer comprises a chamber, a first window for admitting laser radiation to the chamber, sample presentation means for presenting a sample such that said laser radiation can impinge upon the sample, and a plurality of second windows (76,78,80,82) for receiving radiation emitted from the sample, said plurality of second windows (76,78, 80,82) adapted to pass radiation emitted from the sample to a plurality of detector means. The apparatus further includes a gas inlet (98) and a gas outlet (100) to enable the atmosphere inside the chamber (52) to be controlled.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus, a system and a method for detecting the presence or absence of trace elements in a biological sample using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. The trace elements are used to develop a signature profile which is analyzed directly or compared with the known profile of a standard. In one aspect of the invention, the apparatus, system and method are used to detect malignant cancer cells in vivo.

Abstract: A system for detecting controlled substances on an object including at least one laser for illuminating at least part of an object with laser energy and either a second harmonic detector or a luminescence controlled substance detector, or both. Additionally, a system also including a Raman scattering controlled substance detector is disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring emission time delay during irradiation of targeted samples by utilizing digital signal processing to determine the emission phase shift caused by the sample is disclosed. The apparatus includes a source of electromagnetic radiation adapted to irradiate a target sample. A mechanism generates first and second digital input signals of known frequencies with a known phase relationship, and a device then converts the first and second digital input signals to analog sinusoidal signals. An element is provided to direct the first input signal to the electromagnetic radiation source to modulate the source by the frequency thereof to irradiate the target sample and generate a target sample emission. A device detects the target sample emission and produces a corresponding first output signal having a phase shift relative to the phase of the first input signal, the phase shift being caused by the irradiation time delay in the sample.

Abstract: Device of modular construction which permits the simultaneous or not-simultaneous recording and characterization of solid and liquid particles and gaseous components of engine exhaust gases on various test supports, with only small or no modification of the test support. Methods are based on individual or combined usage of laser scattering techniques, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, laser-induced ionization spectroscopy, laser-induced atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, IR-/VIS-/UV-laser absorption spectroscopy and laser-induced incandescence. Use of individual or combined usage of such devices permits the analysis of raw exhaust gas, the conditioned and/or treated exhaust gases for monitoring and checking working pattern of engine, individual components of exhaust gas treatment and/or total system on test beds and on vehicle and can be used for control of motor and/or exhaust components, such as catalysts and particle filters, on test beds and in driven usage, e.g.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to a method and apparatus for compact dispersive imaging spectrometer. More specifically, one embodiment of the disclosure relates to a portable system for obtaining a spatially accurate wavelength-resolved image of a sample having a first and a second spatial dimension. The portable system can include a photon emission source for sequentially illuminating a plurality of portions of said sample with a plurality of photons to produce photons scattered by the sample. The photon emission source can illuminate the sample along the first spatial dimension for each of plural predetermined positions of the second spatial dimension.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus provide the ability to detect a chemical in an analyte. To detect the chemical, the invention utilizes a laser having an open cavity. A photonic crystal lattice structure having a defect defines a suitable geometry for such a cavity. The analyte is introduced directly into a high optical field of the cavity. Thereafter, the cavity is pumped and an emission from the laser is used to detect the presence of the chemical in the analyte.