Abstract: A system and method for correcting the optical response of an OCT system is presented. The system and method characterize the optical response of the OCT system to determine an optical loss of the OCT system as a function of wavelength. The optical loss corresponds to a reduction in the magnitude of electromagnetic radiation leaving an interferometer of the OCT system compared to the electromagnetic radiation entering the interferometer. The optical loss of the OCT system may be determined by generating output signals using the OCT system when the system does not contain a sample or contains an electromagnetic radiation absorbing material. A controller may control the source to pre-emphasize the electromagnetic radiation to correct for the optical response of the OCT system.

Abstract: An analytical instrument may have multiple distinct channels. Such may include one or more illumination sources and sensors. Illumination may be delivered to specific locations of a specimen holder, and returned illumination may be delivered to specific locations of a sensor array. Illumination may first pass a specimen, and a mirror or reflector may then return the illumination past the specimen. Optical splitters may be employed to couple pairs of fiber optics proximate a specimen holder. Such channels may further include a plurality of illumination sources positioned on one side of a specimen holder and a plurality of sensors on the other side. The plurality of sensor may capture image of a specimen and a spectrophotometer may concurrently scan the specimen. A plurality of specimens may be imaged and scanned in a single pass of a plurality of passes. Spherical or ball lenses may be placed in an optical path of the illumination to achieve a desired illumination pattern.

Abstract: A computer system for use with a building management system in a building includes a processing circuit configured to use historical data received from the building management system to automatically select a set of variables estimated to be significant to energy usage in the building. The processing circuit is further configured to apply a regression analysis to the selected set of variables to generate a baseline model for predicting energy usage in the building.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and a method for optical measurement of a target, wherein the target is illuminated, either actively illuminated, reflecting ambient light, or self illuminating, and a measurement radiation beam received from the target or through it is detected. The measurement system has optical fibers for guiding radiation from/to target positions. Radiation of several target positions is simultaneously filtered by a Fabry-Perot interferometer and detected by a row detector, for example.

Abstract: An analytical instrument may have multiple distinct channels. Such may include one or more illumination sources and sensors. Illumination may be delivered to specific locations of a specimen holder, and returned illumination may be delivered to specific locations of a sensor array. Illumination may first pass a specimen, and a mirror or reflector may then return the illumination past the specimen. Optical splitters may be employed to couple pairs of fiber optics proximate a specimen holder. Such channels may further include a plurality of illumination sources positioned on one side of a specimen holder and a plurality of sensors on the other side. The plurality of sensor may capture image of a specimen and a spectrophotometer may concurrently scan the specimen. A plurality of specimens may be imaged and scanned in a single pass of a plurality of passes. Spherical or ball lenses may be placed in an optical path of the illumination to achieve a desired illumination pattern.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biosensor system comprising a light source, a cartridge adapted to be illuminated by said light source, a light detector adapted for detecting a signal originating from the cartridge, an illumination control means adapted to vary the illumination of the cartridge between at least two different states, a means for generating a first oscillation with a first frequency, and a means for generating a second oscillation with a second frequency, wherein the frame rate of the light detector is triggered by the first oscillation and the illumination control means is triggered by the second oscillation.

Abstract: A spectrometric measurement device capable of determining an optimal wavelength for detecting an objective component is provided. One mode of the present invention is a fluorescence measurement device for casting an excitation light of a predetermined wavelength into or onto a sample and detecting a predetermined wavelength of light contained in the fluorescence generated from the sample irradiated with the excitation light.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer has a specimen cell; a light source unit for emitting light to the specimen cell; a photodetector for detecting the light that passed through the specimen cell; a light-shielding unit for blocking the light from impinging on the photodetector at predetermined periods; a memory unit for storing output strength signals detected by the photodetector; and a controller for calculating transmittance or absorbance based on output strength signal S of the incidence duration and output strength signal DS of the light-blocked duration stored in the memory unit. The incidence duration and light-blocked duration occur in this sequence in a single period. The controller calculates the true output strength signal sN of the Nth period removed of the effects of output strength signal SN?1 of the incidence duration of the (N?1)th period that are included in the output strength signal SN of the incidence duration of the Nth period.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer in which a normal plane to a diffraction grating is inclined with respect to an optical axis of an incident light passing through a slit, the normal plane to the diffraction grating passing through an intersection point between the optical axis of the incident light i and a grating surface of the diffraction grating. The diffraction grating and a photodiode array PDA are placed such that the photodiode array PDA is parallel to the normal plane to the diffraction grating and that a normal plane to the photodiode array PDA includes a line that is symmetrical to the optical axis of the incident light i about the normal plane to the diffraction grating.

Abstract: The spectrophotometer of the present invention measures a spectral reflectance of an object to be measured to thereby determine a color value of the object to be measured based on a color-matching function of an XYZ color system and the spectral reflectance. The spectrophotometer includes an irradiation unit configured to irradiate the object to be measured with light having a spectral intensity distribution in which a relative intensity at a wavelength at which the value of z reaches its peak in the color-matching function is equal to or greater than 0.5.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a device for process for predicting gloss of a coating resulting from a wet layer of a low gloss coating composition, such as automotive OEM or refinish paint. The device includes measuring reflectance of the layer of the coating composition applied over a test substrate and then allowing the layer to dry and/or cure into a coating. Thereafter, its gloss is measured with a gloss meter. The device is repeated with varying amounts of one or flatting agents added to the composition and the reflectance vs. gloss is plotted on a graph and by using a curve fitting equation a gloss prediction curve is obtained. By measuring the reflectance of a wet layer of a target low gloss coating composition the gloss of a coating that would result from such a layer is then predicted by using the gloss prediction curve. The device is most useful during the manufacture of coating compositions, such as automotive OEM and refinishes paints.

Abstract: An analytical assembly within a unified device structure for integration into an analytical system. The analytical assembly is scalable and includes a plurality of analytical devices, each of which includes a reaction cell, an optical sensor, and at least one optical element positioned in optical communication with both the reaction cell and the sensor and which delivers optical signals from the cell to the sensor. Additional elements are optionally integrated into the analytical assembly. Methods for forming and operating the analytical system are also disclosed.

Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring an optical characteristic of a sample, one object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus capable of measuring hemispherical total reflectance, hemispherical total transmittance, and light distribution, and to achieve a reduction in measurement time and an improvement in precision of the quantitative analysis of hemispherical total reflectance (transmittance). In a double ellipsoidal optical system which is an optical system in which one focal points of two ellipsoidal mirrors are positioned as a common focal point, and three focal points are aligned in a straight line, the double ellipsoidal optical system is composed of a partial ellipsoidal mirror 2, such as a quarter ellipsoidal mirror, and a belt-shape ellipsoidal mirror 1.

Abstract: Provided is a method for performing a wavelength calibration of a monochromator with a diffraction grating by casting light from a standard light source whose emission intensity contains a change with a predetermined cycle onto the diffraction grating and measuring an intensity of light reflected by the grating. The method includes the steps of: measuring at least two times the intensity of the reflected light from the grating within the aforementioned cycle at each of the rotational positions of the grating corresponding to a range of wavelengths including a peak wavelength of a bright line spectral light generated by the standard light source; determining an intensity value 201 at each rotational position based on all the measured values obtained at the rotational position; and locating, as the peak wavelength of the bright line spectral light, a wavelength at which the intensity value 201 is maximized.

Abstract: A system and method of characterizing a color variation of a surface includes a device having a light source and a plurality of sensors positioned at respective viewing angles. An algorithm is stored on and executable by a controller to cause the controller to direct a beam of light at the measurement location with the light source and measure the light leaving the measurement location with the sensors at a plurality of azimuth angles to obtain respective measured color values. The controller is configured to define a color vector function F(?, ?) to represent the color variation of the surface. The controller is configured to determine the color vector function F(?, ?) based at least partially on the respective measured color values. The system allows for a representation of color space of a surface at any azimuth and viewing angle.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer in which output ends of optical fibers are one-dimensionally arrayed in a z-axis direction on an output end face of a fiber box. That is to say, a two-dimensional area image of a display screen picked up through input ends arranged at 10×10 lattice points on an input end face of optical fibers is converted into a one-dimensional image inside the fiber box and projected from output ends on the output end face in the form of a one-dimensional area image parallel to the z-axis. This one-dimensional area image has position information of 100 measurement points in the z-axis direction.

Abstract: MEX3C deficiency impairs the development of white and brown adipose tissue. Hence the present invention provides, among other things, a method of screening a candidate compound for activity in inhibiting fat deposition in a subject in need thereof and/or treating a condition in a subject in need thereof, comprising: (a) contacting a candidate compound to a cell that expresses MEX3C protein; and then (b) detecting a quantity of expression of the MEX3C protein in the cell; a depression in the expression of MEX3C protein when the candidate compound is contacted thereto as compared to that expressed when the candidate compound is not contacted thereto indicating the compound is active in inhibiting fat deposition and/or treating a condition in a subject in need thereof. Methods of treatment and screening subjects are also described.

Abstract: Methods for in situ detection and classification of analyte within a fluid sample are provided. In one embodiment, the method can include: (a) continuously flowing the fluid sample through a multivariate optical computing device, wherein the multivariate optical computing device illuminates an area of the fluid sample as it flows through the multivariate optical computing device to elicit a continuous series of spectral responses; (b) continuously measuring the series of multivariate spectral responses as the fluid sample flows through the multivariate optical computing device; (c) detecting an analyte (e.g., phytoplankton) in the sample based on an multivariate spectral response of the plurality of spectral responses; and (d) classifying the analyte based on the multivariate spectral response generated by the analyte.

Abstract: A photoreceptor protein-based spectrophotometer may include a field-effect transistor and a photoreceptor protein on the field-effect transistor (FET), the photoreceptor protein exhibiting change in electrical properties by absorbing light and being activated. Since the spectrophotometer can convert the light absorbed by the photoreceptor protein to an electrical signal using the FET, it can mimic human vision by using human photoreceptor proteins. The spectrophotometer can measure the color, intensity, etc. of light of broad wavelength ranges as in human vision. Thus, the spectrophotometer can be applied to the development of artificial vision, etc.

Abstract: A method of screening for increased risk of fatal prostate cancer in a subject comprises providing a blood sample collected from the subject, and then detecting the presence or absence of an increased level of serum calcium in the sample. An increased level of serum calcium indicates the subject is at increased risk of fatal prostate cancer.

Abstract: An analytical assembly within a unified device structure for integration into an analytical system. The analytical assembly is scalable and includes a plurality of analytical devices, each of which includes a reaction cell, an optical sensor, and at least one optical element positioned in optical communication with both the reaction cell and the sensor and which delivers optical signals from the cell to the sensor. Additional elements are optionally integrated into the analytical assembly. Methods for forming and operating the analytical system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A highly compact multi-optical-junction optical flowcell includes a housing having an internal channel, to which a plurality of source optical signal modules can be coupled, e.g., in a peripheral manner. The source optical signal modules can include a set of LEDs and/or semiconductor lasers, and can be coupled to the flowcell by way of a standard optical coupling such as an SMA-type optical connector. An excitation detection apparatus or subsystem can also be coupled to the flowcell to facilitate multiple types of optical measurements, including fluorescence spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, and turbidity measurements. A sensing apparatus or system that includes a multi-optical-junction optical flowcell, a plurality of source optical signal modules, and an excitation detection apparatus can be carried by or deployed on a wide variety of platforms, such as Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs), buoys, or other platforms, in a space efficient and power efficient manner.

Abstract: A system for measuring properties of a thin film coated glass having a light source, a spectrometer, at least one pair of probes, a first optical fiber switch and a second optical fiber switch. The pair of probes includes a first probe located on one side of a glass sheet and a second probe located on the opposite side of the glass sheet, directly across from the first probe. The first and second optical fiber switches are adapted to couple either probe to the light source and/or the spectrometer. Because the design of the system is optically symmetrical, calibration may be performed without the use of a reference material such as a tile or mirror. Each of the first and second probes has a first leg and a second leg that are separated from each other by a distance n so that angled reflections may be detected.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing optical spectroscopy using a self-calibrating fiber optic probe are disclosed. One self-calibrating fiber optic probe includes a sensing channel for transmitting illumination light to a specimen and for collecting spectral data of the specimen. The spectral data includes the illumination light diffusely reflected from the specimen at one or more wavelengths. The self-calibrating fiber optic probe may also include a calibration channel for transmitting calibration light. The calibration light and the illumination light are generated simultaneously from a common light source. The calibration channel collects calibration spectral data associated with the calibration light contemporaneously with the collection of the spectral data of the specimen.

Abstract: A device for measuring a spectrum of a light beam, in a wavelength range chosen beforehand, the spectrum being generated by a sample to be analyzed, the optical measuring device including at least one light source, a measurement cell and a measurement detector placed on a measurement optical pathway, the measurement optical pathway being taken by a measurement optical beam emitted by the light source, and encountering the measurement cell, a self-calibration unit allowing any drift of the light sources, due to environmental conditions or conditions of use, to be taken into account independently of whether a sample to be analyzed is present in or absent from the measurement cell, the self-calibration unit including elements for creating a reference optical pathway, taken by a reference optical beam emitted by the light source, and not encountering the measurement cell, and a reference detector.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer 10 includes built-in detector 24 and external detector 32. When a mountable/removable optical path switcher 23a is installed in a specimen chamber 23, measurement based on detection signals from built-in detector 24 is replaced by measurement based on detection signals from external detector 32. The spectrophotometer further includes a measurement data threshold-value storage unit 51 that stores threshold value T for measurement data from built-in detector 24 or external detector 32, and a light-receiving detector recognition unit 52 that recognizes which detector is able to receive the measuring light beam based on the results of a comparison between threshold value T and measurement data from built-in detector 24 or external detector 32 while the measuring light beam is being introduced into specimen chamber 23.

Abstract: Provided are an integrating sphere photometer and a measuring method of the same. The integrating sphere photometer includes a plurality of photodetectors, an integrating sphere having through-holes formed to correspond to the photodetectors, baffles disposed inside the integrating sphere in front of the photodetectors to be spaced apart from the photodetectors, a photometer disposed at a through-hole, and an adjustment unit adjusting output signals of the photodetectors to have the same output signal with respect to light illuminated from a point-like standard light source disposed at a center region in the integrating sphere.

Abstract: When a system is powered on and becomes ready for a measurement, it automatically begins to acquire an interferogram (IFG). When a new IFG is acquired, if a background (BKG) IFG is present in a memory but there is no sample IFG (S2 and S4), the new IFG is compared with the BKG-IFG and, if the two IFGs are identical, the new IFG is added to the BKG-IFG (S5, S6 and S7). When an operator sets a sample in a sample chamber and the new IFG shows a change, the IFG is stored as a sample IFG (S8). Then, a sample measurement is initiated. After that, when a new IFG is found to be identical to the sample IFG stored in the memory (S9 and S10), the new IFG is added to the sample IFG (S13). The sample measurement is completed when the number of sample IFGs stored in the memory has reached a predetermined accumulation number. Thus, the sample measurement is automatically performed, for which the operator only needs to set a sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spectrophotometer for the automated optical characterization of solar collector tubes and to a method for the operation thereof, that measures the coefficient of transmission of the glass tube and of reflection of the metal tube. The device includes all the necessary components for taking said measurement, such as the optical bench supporting the tube, the standard or framework, and the optical modules for the device, a main module that generates the light bundles, a measuring module that measures the coefficient of transmission of the outer glass tube and the coefficient of reflection of the inner metal tube, a mechanical system of tube rotation, an electronic system of data acquisition and processing, an external computer for controlling the device and processing the data measured, and a system of communication between the device and the computer.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described herein which produce polarization-independent full color images suitable for rear-projection television sets and other multimedia displays. The system uses illumination with R, G, B light from two different light sources for each color. A viewer wears glasses with narrowband optical filters, preferably holographic filters. The R, G, B light from the light sources is slightly offset at each of the 3 emission wavelengths, with one set of R, G, B light being filtered by the holographic filter in front of the left eye of the, and the other set of R, G, B light being filtered by the holographic filter in front of the viewer's right eye.

Abstract: A computer implemented method. The method includes obtaining, using a processor, spectral reflectance data from a spectrophotometric measurement of a target coating on a surface, wherein the measurement was taken at a specular angle, and removing, using the processor, at least a portion of the specular reflectance data that is attributable to a glossy coating of the surface. The method also includes constructing, using the processor, at least one spectral reflectance curve, and identifying, using the processor, at least one type of pigmentation effect of the target coating based at least in part on the at least one spectral reflectance curve.

Abstract: A spectral measurement device includes: an optical band-pass filter section that has first to n-th wavelengths (n is an integer of 2 or more) having a predetermined wavelength width as a spectral band thereof; a correction operation section that corrects a reception signal based on an output optical signal from the optical band-pass filter section; and a signal processing section that executes predetermined signal processing based on the reception signal corrected by the correction operation section that corrects the reception signal based on the change in the spectral distribution of the reception signal.

Abstract: Detection of individual objects using a light source and a whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator. Light from the whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator is analyzed. The presence of an object is determined based on mode splitting associated with the light received by the photodetector. For example, the presence of the object may be determined based on the distance between two whispering gallery modes and/or the linewidths of the two modes in a transmission spectrum. Alternatively, the presence of the object may be determined based on a beat frequency that is determined based on a heterodyne beat signal produced by combining split laser modes in the received light from a WGM microcavity laser.

Abstract: A highly compact multi-optical-junction optical flowcell includes a housing having an internal channel, to which a plurality of source optical signal modules can be coupled, e.g., in a peripheral manner. The source optical signal modules can include a set of LEDs and/or semiconductor lasers, and can be coupled to the flowcell by way of a standard optical coupling such as an SMA-type optical connector. An excitation detection apparatus or subsystem can also be coupled to the flowcell to facilitate multiple types of optical measurements, including fluorescence spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, and turbidity measurements. A sensing apparatus or system that includes a multi-optical-junction optical flowcell, a plurality of source optical signal modules, and an excitation detection apparatus can be carried by or deployed on a wide variety of platforms, such as Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs), buoys, or other platforms, in a space efficient and power efficient manner.

Abstract: A method for determining a paint formulation includes: obtaining target color information for a target color, identifying a plurality of toners and corresponding concentrations of the toners in a paint formula that can be used to produce a paint having a color that is similar to the target color, and modifying the paint formula by removing one of the identified toners having a lowest concentration to produce a modified paint formula that can be used to produce a paint having a color that is similar to the target color, and determining if the modified paint formula meets user specified acceptance criteria. An apparatus that can be used to perform the method is also described.

Abstract: The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to provide a manufacturing technique capable of manufacturing a diffraction grating which is suitable for use in a spectrophotometer and has an apex angle of a convex portion of about 90° and can satisfy high diffraction efficiency and a low stray light amount. A method of manufacturing a diffraction grating, the method including: setting an exposure condition such that a sectional shape of a convex portion of a resist on a substrate, which has been formed by exposure, is an asymmetric triangle with respect to an opening portion shape of a mask having an opening portion with a periodic structure and an angle formed by a long side and a short side of the triangle is about 90°; and performing exposure.

Abstract: Provided is a spectrophotometer capable of further reducing a change in temperature of a spectroscopic unit that houses a spectroscopic element, a sample, and the like therein, compared with conventional spectrophotometers. A spectrophotometer 1 includes: a light source chamber 10; a spectroscopic chamber 20 separated from the light source chamber 10 with a heat insulating section located therebetween, the spectroscopic chamber 20 including at least a spectroscopic element 24, a sample chamber 22, and a detector 25; a temperature measurer 40 measuring a temperature inside of the spectroscopic chamber 20; a temperature regulator 50 heating and/or cooling the inside of the spectroscopic chamber 20; and a controller 31 acquiring temperature information from the temperature measurer 40 and controlling the temperature regulator 50 to operate so as to keep the inside of the spectroscopic chamber 20 at a predetermined preset temperature.

Abstract: A system for measuring properties of a thin film coated glass having a light source, a spectrometer, at least one pair of probes, a first optical fiber switch and a second optical fiber switch. The pair of probes includes a first probe located on one side of a glass sheet and a second probe located on the opposite side of the glass sheet, directly across from the first probe. The first and second optical fiber switches are adapted to couple either probe to the light source and/or the spectrometer. Because the design of the system is optically symmetrical, calibration may be performed without the use of a reference material such as a tile or mirror.

Abstract: An analytical assembly within a unified device structure for integration into an analytical system. The analytical assembly is scalable and includes a plurality of analytical devices, each of which includes a reaction cell, an optical sensor, and at least one optical element positioned in optical communication with both the reaction cell and the sensor and which delivers optical signals from the cell to the sensor. Additional elements are optionally integrated into the analytical assembly. Methods for forming and operating the analytical system are also disclosed.

Abstract: An emission spectrophotometer capable of inhibiting non-uniformity of spectral intensities of component elements is provided. The emission spectrophotometer generates pulse light emission by supplying an energy accumulated in an electricity accumulating and discharging unit to a gap between an electrode and a test material, and the emission spectrophotometer includes a detection unit, for detecting an energy charged to the electricity accumulating and discharging unit before the pulse light emission; and a detection unit, for detecting an energy remaining in the electricity accumulating and discharging unit after the pulse light emission. It is determined whether the detected light is emitted by fully using the energy accumulated in the electricity accumulating and discharging unit.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer including a light tube having a spectrophotometer head mounted to one end of the light tube and a diffraction grating head mounted to the opposite end. The spectrophotometer head having a bore therethrough for receiving incoming light from a light source providing a light path through the spectrophotometer head and light tube; Further, a slit is disposed in the light path and a vial of colored liquid is suspended halfway through the light path. The diffraction grating includes a bore aligned with the light path and includes a focusing lens and a diffraction grating disposed in the light path. The diffraction grating displaying a spectrum with an upper half displaying the spectrum of the light transmitted through the colored liquid and the lower half displaying the spectrum of the light source.

Abstract: A device for determining the position of a first mechanical element relative to a second mechanical element, having a first measurement unit for attachment to the first mechanical element, a second measurement unit for attachment to the second mechanical element, and an evaluation unit. The first measurement unit emits spectrally differing first and second light beams in essentially the same direction and a position-sensitive optical detector. The second measurement unit has a reflector arrangement facing the first measurement unit, in order to reflect the first and second light beams onto the detector. Surfaces facing the first measurement unit being color splitters having different reflectivity/transmissibility for the first light beam and the second light beam. The evaluation unit determines the location of the first and second mechanical elements relative to one another from the incidence positions of the reflected first and second light beams on the detector.

Abstract: A system and related method for determining the volume of a sample solution delivered by a liquid delivery device. The system includes devices for adding and removing diluent, the sample solution under analysis and a mixture of the two in a cell having a substantially constant cross sectional area and a known horizontal optical path length. The system includes one or more spectrophotometers to measure horizontally and vertically absorbance associated with two distinct chromophores. A first chromophore of unknown concentration is in the diluent and a second chromophore of known concentration is in the sample solution. The method determines absorbance horizontally and vertically of the first chromophore prior to adding the sample solution and then determining absorbance of the first chromophore horizontally and vertically and the second chromophore horizontally after mixing the diluent and sample solution together. That information is used to determine the volume of the sample solution added to the cell.

Abstract: The spectrophotometer of the present invention measures a spectral reflectance of an object to be measured to thereby determine a color value of the object to be measured based on a color-matching function of an XYZ color system and the spectral reflectance. The spectrophotometer includes an irradiation unit configured to irradiate the object to be measured with light having a spectral intensity distribution in which a relative intensity at a wavelength at which the value of z reaches its peak in the color-matching function is equal to or greater than 0.5.

Abstract: A system and a method for real-time processing and monitoring, the system including a light source to provide an illumination light and a calibration light are provided. The system includes an optical element to separate the illumination light and the calibration light; an optical element to direct the illumination light to a sample; an optical element to direct the calibration light to a first detector and a second detector; an optical element to collect light backscattered from the sample; an optical element to separate light backscattered from the sample into a first scattered light portion and a second scattered light portion; an optical element to direct the first scattered light portion through at least one multivariate optical element to the first detector; and an optical element to direct the second scattered light portion to the second detector.

Abstract: A method of utilizing the chymotrypsin level of an individual as a measure of the success of secretin, other neuropeptides, and peptides or digestive enzyme administration to such individuals, and in particular, as a prognosticative of potential secretin, other neuropeptides, peptides, and digestive enzyme administration for persons having ADD, ADHD, Autism and other PDD related disorders.

Abstract: Sample receiving apparatus (301) for use in, and a method of, retaining a liquid sample (305) to be analysed within a light path between a light source and a light detector. A sample receiving body (302) defines a sample duct (303) and a port (304) for allowing passage of a liquid sample (305) into the sample duct (303). The sample duct is configured to receive a liquid sample (305) between a light source input position (306) and a light detector input position (307), the distance between the light source input position and the light detector input position defining a sample path length (L). The sample receiving apparatus (301) is configured such that the distance between the light source input position (306) and the light detector input position (307) is adjustable so as to adjust the length of the sample path length (L). Sample receiving apparatus (301) for use in spectrophotometer. Sample receiving apparatus for use with low volume samples (305).

Abstract: Biodegradable waveguides and their uses with devices, such as medical devices, are described. In one embodiment, an optically transmissive fibrous structure comprising biodegradable fiber waveguides may be disposed on a surface of a bandage. The bandage in combination with the optically transmissive fibrous structure may allow for simultaneously monitoring and covering an injured area of a patient. In one embodiment, the fiber waveguides may be provided as multi-channel/multi-core biodegradable fiber waveguides for transmitting light to and from a patient tissue. In some implementations, the bandage may include hydrogel-based biodegradable fiber waveguides that may deliver therapeutics to an injured patient area.

Abstract: A method and system for increasing optical instrument calibration and prediction accuracy within and across different optical instrument platforms can include two main submethods or routines. The first routine can include one for correcting differences among optical instruments of different model types regardless of the manufacturer and correcting differences among optical instruments of the same model type. The second main routine or sub-method can include one for analyzing new samples of a product over time and maintaining prediction accuracy as compared to a reference method over time. The first routine can include a “TRANS” procedure, a “MIN” procedure, and checkcell tests. The second main routine provides techniques on how a product database can be cleaned, condensed, and expanded automatically as it is used by one or more different optical instruments.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for spectrophotometric in vivo monitoring of blood metabolites such as hemoglobin oxygen concentration at a plurality of different areas or regions on the same organ or test site on an ongoing basis, by applying a plurality of spectrophotometric sensors to a test subject at each of a corresponding plurality of testing sites and coupling each such sensor to a control and processing station, operating each of said sensors to spectrophotometrically irradiate a particular region within the test subject; detecting and receiving the light energy resulting from said spectrophotometric irradiation for each such region and conveying corresponding signals to said control and processing station, analyzing said conveyed signals to determine preselected blood metabolite data, and visually displaying the data so determined for each of a plurality of said areas or regions in a comparative manner. REEXAMINATION RESULTS The questions raised in reexamination proceeding No. 90/010,128, filed Mar.