Abstract: A system and method for measuring an agent in an environment is disclosed. The method includes providing a substrate, coating the substrate with noble metallic nanoparticles, exposing the coated substrate to the environment, and determining the existence of the agent from variation in the hybrid plasmon extinction peak of the metallic nanoparticles.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer readable media for computing small particle size distributions. A reference matrix of pre-computed reference vectors is provided, with each reference vector representing a discrete particle size or particle size range of a particle size distribution of particles contained in a dilute colloid. A measurement vector of measured extinction values of a sample dilute colloid is provided, wherein the measured extinction values have been measured by spectrophotometric measurement at the discrete wavelengths. Size distribution and concentrations of particles in the sample dilute colloid are determined using linear equations, the reference matrix and the reference vector.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer readable media for computing small particle size distributions of particles in a process stream comprising a sample dilute colloid. A reference matrix of pre-computed reference vectors is provided. Each reference vector represents a discrete particle size or particle size range of a particle size distribution of particles contained in a dilute colloid. Each reference vector represents a reference extinction spectrum over a predetermined wavelength range. A measurement vector representing a measured extinction spectrum of the sample particles in the sample colloid is provided, wherein the measured extinction spectrum has been spectrophotometrically measured over the wavelength range. The particle size distribution and particle concentrations of the particles in the sample colloid are determined using the reference matrix, the measurement vector and linear equations.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for adapting conventional spectrophotometer cuvettes for use in a vertical light beam spectrophotometer.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer has a first photodetector (24) and a second photodetector (25) which is displaced spatially from the first photodetector in the direction of increasing wavelength in the spectrum. At any given time the second photodetector receives light at a wavelength which is substantially greater than that being received simultaneously by the first photodetector at that time. The first photodetector has first range of wavelengths over which it is operable and a first upper operating limit, and the second photodetector has a second range of wavelengths over which it is operable and a second upper operating limit, the second range overlapping the first range and the second upper operating limit being greater than the first upper operating limit. Thus the range of operation is extended, and data in two different ranges is processed simultaneously.

Abstract: A photometric apparatus which includes a cover that houses a UV light source and a photodetector, the cover hermetically sealing an entire light path extending from the light source to the photodetector therewithin; device for replacing an internal atmosphere of the cover with nitrogen gas; and a window plate unit which is adapted to be readily attached to and detached from a partition wall between a light source chamber and a spectral chamber located in a subsequent stage thereof. The window plate unit blocks gaseous communication between the light source chamber and the spectral chamber while allowing measurement light to be transmitted therethrough.

Abstract: A drift tube amplifier having an input and an output. The drift tube amplifier including a current-to-voltage converter for converting input current to a voltage, a band pass filter assembly for reducing unwanted noise within the voltage, a voltage controlled amplifier for adjusting the output voltage level, and a logarithmic ratio converter for converting the voltage from linear to LOG scale.

Abstract: A method for measuring the presence or concentration of an analyte in a sample by spectrophotometry: providing an open top cuvette having a sample with an analyte to be measured; providing a light source and a detector for detecting emitted light; taking at least two measurements that includes: (i) directing at least two beams of light from the light source to different locations on the cuvette; (ii) passing the at least two beams through the cuvette at their respective locations and through the sample to be measured; and (iii) measuring at least two respective emitted light beams with the detector; and comparing the at least two emitted light beams to determine if: all the emitted light beams should be disregarded; one or more of the emitted light beams should be disregarded; or the sample absorbances should be averaged. In a preferred embodiment, the method includes taking at least three measurements.

Abstract: The separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), by chirality and/or diameter, using centrifugation of compositions of SWNTs in and surface active components in density gradient media.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and device for non-invasive analysis of the identity and concentration of drugs that are to be administered by injection or infusion.

Abstract: A reflectometry method and apparatus for gathering meaningful reflectance data indicative of one or more characteristics of a substance being grown on a horizontal substrate within a reaction chamber. The apparatus includes an external light source which shines light into the chamber through an opening having a shutter for selectively permitting or preventing the light from passing in and out of the chamber through the opening. A detector receives light that reflects off the substance and exits the chamber through the opening. During operation, the substrate is rotated about an axis substantially normal to the growing plane within the reaction chamber to ensure uniform deposition of the substance thereon. The shutter momentarily opens in synchronicity with the speed of revolution of the substrate such that substantially the same discrete area of the growing substance is illuminated so as to eliminate the effects of precession on the measurements.

Abstract: A method for measuring the concentration of a compound in the blood of a part of a subject is provided. An invasive or non-invasive sample of blood may be used for this determination. Also provided is a device for measuring the concentration of a compound in the blood of a subject. The device comprises a source of electromagnetic radiation, a holder, a detector and a processing system.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical element in which a display quality of a projection image is improved is provided. The method is for manufacturing an optical element having a polarization plate of which one side a transmissive member is bonded. The method includes preparing a light source, a polarization plate, a transmissive member, a certificating polarization plate and a spectrophotometer; arranging the polarization plate, the transmissive member, and the certificating polarization plate between the light source and the spectrophotometer; measuring a light transmittance spectrum of a predetermined wavelength at each rotational position of the transmissive member; determining the rotational position of the transmissive member that yields a smallest value for a difference between a maximum value and a minim value of the light transmittance spectrum; and bonding the transmissive member to the polarization plate at the determined rotational position.

Abstract: When the apparatus is energized or a validation check is performed, a deuterium lamp 10 is turned on, and an output value resulting from an A/D conversion of the detection signal for light with a wavelength of 235 nm is obtained. A data processor 22 compares the output value with an upper limit value, which was determined and stored beforehand in a memory 24 (normally, in the manufacturing stage of the apparatus). If the output value is not less than the upper limit, a controller 25 operates an aperture driver 31 to reduce the light quantity by means of an adjustable aperture 30. This operation prevents an excessive quantity of light from reaching a photodetector 19, so that the measurement without absorption by a sample solution 18 can be correctly performed, and the absorbance by the sample solution 18 can be correctly calculated.

Abstract: A system and method for use in spectrometric measurements of an article using selecting an optimal integration time range of the light detection system during which the measurement is to be applied, the optimal integration time being that at which a required value of signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the measurements is obtainable.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for the rating of optically brightened paper by visually assessing the paper to ensure that it is white, followed by measurement on a highly accurate single reference spectrophotometer to generate a simple rating, which can then be used to inform the consumer or end user of the whiteness level of the paper. The whiteness level is controlled during production by an audited quality system to ensure each sample of paper is identical in rating.

Abstract: A Method for identifying one or a small number of molecules, especially in a dilution of ?1 ?M, using laser excited FCS with measuring times ?500 ms and short diffusion paths of the molecules to be analyzed, wherein the measurement is performed in small volume units of preferably ?10?14 l, by determining material-specific parameters which are determined by luminescence measurements of molecules to be examined. The device which can be preferably used for performing the method according to the invention is a per se known system of microscope optics for laser focusing for fluorescence excitation in a small measuring compartment of a very diluted solution and for imaging the emitted light in the subsequent measurement through confocal imaging wherein at least one system of optics with high numerical aperture of preferably ?1.2 N.A.

Abstract: There is provided a method and device for remote sampling, preparation and optical interrogation of a sample using light scattering and light absorption methods. The portable device is a filtration-based device that removes interfering background particle material from the sample matrix by segregating or filtering the chosen analyte from the sample solution or matrix while allowing the interfering background particles to be pumped out of the device. The segregated analyte is then suspended in a diluent for analysis. The device is capable of calculating an initial concentration of the analyte, as well as diluting the analyte such that reliable optical measurements can be made. Suitable analytes include cells, microorganisms, bioparticles, pathogens and diseases. Sample matrixes include biological fluids such as blood and urine, as well as environmental samples including waste water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a color method and multivariate model whose color measurements of reconstituted tigecycline for injection is predictive of appearance and oxidative degradation wherein said method is a means of detecting the presence of a degradant which forms when tigecycline is contacted with oxygen.

Abstract: Device and method for implementing a photo-spectrometer unit, PSU (20), for use with a spectrometry system (100) having optical means (12), and electronic means (13) including detection means (15, 25, 25j) and processing means (16, 26, 26k). The PSU is formed in a first manufacturing process step into a monolithic structure as a chip of substrate material (30) including integrally formed optical means, and has a first input surface (301) separated from a second receiving surface (302) by a substrate material thickness (t). Electronic means are formed onto the PSU structure in a second manufacturing process step. The substrate material is selected as a material transparent to electromagnetic radiations, and the PSU has at least one optical deflecting element (32) configured for guiding received radiations through the thickness of the substrate material, for establishing direct optical path coupling between both an element formed on one surface and an element formed on another surface of the substrate material.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention is a method and apparatus for cleaning an integrating sphere, such as an integrating sphere used in an integrating sphere spectrophotometer. One embodiment of a spectrophotometer includes an integrating sphere having a reflective interior surface, a primary light source configured to illuminate the interior surface when enabled, and a secondary light source configured to emit ionizing radiation onto the interior surface.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer, in which an emission spectrum of the light source is measured. Based on the measured emission spectrum, a threshold is set to allow only an outstanding spectral intensity in a specific wavelength region to be greater than the threshold. Then, a ratio between the setup threshold and a peak spectral intensity in the specific wavelength region greater than the threshold is calculated. Then, an electric-charge accumulation time for a light-receiving element corresponding to a wavelength region equal to or less than the threshold is set at an upper limit of electric-charge accumulation time causing no saturation in any light-receiving element. Based on the ratio between the threshold and the peak spectral intensity in the specific wavelength region greater than the threshold, an electric-charge accumulation time for the light-receiving element corresponding to the specific wavelength region greater than the threshold is set.

Abstract: The invention provides for identification and use of crystal structures of Dicamba monooxygenase (DMO) that may be complexed with iron or cobalt cofactor and substrate (dicamba), or product (DCSA) in order to define residues important for enzymatic structure and function. Methods of using such structures are described. Data storage media comprising the crystal structural coordinate information are also described.

Abstract: The present invention (HBX) describes a system and device design for measuring and analysis of properties in liquids with suspensions, preferably human body fluids e.g. whole blood and in the fluid existing substances and particles. By penetrating a sample of the liquid suspension with specifically calibrated light passing through a thin well defined layer of the liquid placed in a non added cuvette where the transmitted outgoing light from a measuring area is registered in a spectrophotometer adapted for the specific light and the optic geometrical system arranged for elimination of scattered light. The registered data points in the photometer is then processed in a series of steps for corrections and calculation of the values/results of the desired parameters by use of different algorithms in the microprocessor of the device for final presentation on a display, be stored in a memory and possible communication to other information receiving unit.

Abstract: An analysis system, tool, and method for performing downhole fluid analysis, such as within a wellbore. The analysis system, tool, and method provide for a tool including a spectroscope for use in downhole fluid analysis which utilizes an adaptive optical element such as a Micro Mirror Array (MMA) and two distinct light channels and detectors to provide real-time scaling or normalization.

Abstract: An apparatus for selecting and detecting at least two spectral regions of a light beam includes a selection device, a detection device, and a light suppression device. The light suppression device suppresses reflected and/or scattered light of an illuminating light of a microscope. The light suppression device is located in an optical path between the selection device and the detection device, and includes a graded filter.

Abstract: In a spectrophotometer for measuring transmitted light of a trace liquid sample, four sample holders 12 are provided on a disk-like sample plate 11 while spaced apart by 90 degrees. The sample plate 11 is driven to rotate so that each of the sample holders 12 is sequentially moved to a sample supply position U1, a measuring position U2, a wiping position U3 and a waiting position U4. At the sample supply position U1, a trace amount of the liquid sample is dropped into a groove of the sample holder 12. Then at the measuring position U2, a window plate 22 is lowered onto the groove so as to determine the optical path length. Next, measurement of the transmitted light is performed. Further, while the sample holder 12 moves from the measuring position U2 to the waiting position U4, the liquid sample is absorbed and removed by contact with a cleaning pad 26. The liquid sample attached to the window plate 22 is wiped out by another pad.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method which makes it possible to analyze more easily the concentration of glue in an electrolyte solution, while surpressing the degradation of glue during the analysis. There is provided a method for analyzing the concentration of glue contained in an electrolyte solution containing the electrolyte components by using high performance liquid chromatography, characterized in that said method comprises a step wherein an electrolyte solution is added into the eluent pH of which has been adjusted equal to or less than 5 by adding acid to an aqueous solution of phosphate of alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal, a step wherein the eluent into which the electrolyte solution has been added is passed through a separation column the exclusion limit molecular weight of which is 4000-6000 for separating the glue and electrolyte components, and a step wherein the separated glue is detected by a detector.

Abstract: The method and the apparatus measures the total spectral radiance factor Bxs (?) of a fluorescent sample illuminated by a specified illumination for testing Is without a fluorescent standard and a bothersome UV correction using it. The method and the apparatus calculates Bxs(?) based on the spectral intensity Is(?) of the illumination for testing, the measured spectral intensities I1(?) and I2(?) of actual illuminations I1 and I2 which are different from each other, a bi-spectral luminescent radiance factor F(?,?) or a bi-spectral radiance factor B(?,?) which is close to either of the sample, and the measured spectral intensities Sx1 (?) and Sx2(?) of the light emitted from the sample illuminated by illuminations I1 and I2.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a color measurement of a secondary color measurement instrument. The method includes generating a profile for the secondary color measurement instrument based on color measurements of a master color measurement instrument, and applying the profile to adjust the color measurement of the secondary color measurement instrument.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring water and other fluid systems is described. The fluid is continually monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring many optical parameters in an in-line, on-line system, which compensates for normal fluid changes while detecting abnormalities.

Abstract: This invention describes a point-of-care or home use device for measuring the ratio of glycated albumin to total albumin in saliva and other body fluids. Diabetics and prediabetics may have elevated levels of glucose in their blood that can react with plasma albumin to form glycated albumin. The amount of glycated albumin formed is directly correlated with the level of plasma glucose that the albumin has been exposed to over a period of time. Saliva albumin is derived from plasma albumin and therefore contains glycated and non-glycated albumin fractions that can be measured. The ratio of glycated albumin to total albumin in saliva will provide an indication of the average amount of protein glycation that occurred over the preceding 2-3 week period. The test is performed using a disposable strip or cassette that contains the testing reagents and the results are measured in a measuring instrument that automatically reads, calculates and displays the final result.

Abstract: A spectrophotometric camera and method for measuring spectral energy in different wavelength bands at a plurality of locations are disclosed. The spectrophotometric camera comprises: a light source for sequentially producing light in different wavelength bands; an imaging device containing an array of sensors for detecting light at a plurality of locations; and a reference detector and an adjusting device for adjusting the light detected by the array of sensors. Spectral reflectance data from each of the plurality of locations on the surface of a target for each wavelength band in the plurality of light wavelength bands is measured. Spectral reflectance images are created, and features are extracted from the spectral reflectance images.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer, for online non-destructive optical examination of fruit or vegetables or the like avoids saturation of the data level, or the data level being too small, due to changes in rate of feeding or variation in the fruit or vegetables. Light that has passed through the fruit or other article is divided into different spectral components and received at two locations, a main light reception unit and a sample-use light reception unit. A digital value obtained from the sample-use light reception unit is compared with a predetermined reference value, Based on this comparison, the gain of a variable gain amplification circuit is set to an optimum value. The signal from the main light reception unit is passed through the variable gain amplification circuit, a zero-point correction circuit, and an A/D converter, to obtain digital data to be read for obtaining suitable wavelength characteristic data.

Abstract: Techniques for optimizing the sensitivity of spectroscopic measurement techniques with respect to certain profile variables by selecting desired measurement angles since the measurement sensitivity to each variable depends, at least in part, on the measurement angles of an incident beam. The selected desired set of measurement angles includes both an azimuth angle and a polar angle. Optimizing the sensitivity of spectroscopic measurement techniques can also reduce or eliminates measurement correlation among variable to be measured.

Abstract: A light receiving optical system includes: a relay optical system for converging light to be measured which has been converged on an image plane of an objective optical system on a view angle defining aperture for incidence through the view angle defining aperture. The light receiving optical system has the relay optical system with a relay lens operable to be selectively switched between a first and a second conjugated positions, and a first and a second light flux limiting aperture members disposed in proximity to the relay lens in the case where the relay lens is selectively switched between the first and the second conjugated positions.

Abstract: A method for coating a skin blemish (10) such that the coated blemish visually blends into the surrounding skin (12) comprises measuring at least one colour property of the skin blemish (10) and measuring at least one colour property of the surrounding skin (12), suitably by using a spectrophotometer. From the measured properties, a coating composition having a compensatory colour is determined. When the skin blemish (10) is coated with the coating composition, the blemish (10) blends into the surrounding skin (12). The coating composition is not of identical colour to the surrounding skin (12) and the coating composition has a degree of translucency. The coated skin has a very natural look.

Abstract: A measurement system installable within a processing equipment and more specifically within the exit station of a polishing machine. The optical scheme of this system includes a spectrophotometric channel, an imaging channel and also means for holding the wafer under measurement.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention is spectrophotometer with a light emitting diode illuminator. In one embodiment, a spectrophotometer for characterizing a reflectance spectrum of a specimen includes an optical assembly for illuminating the specimen, where the optical assembly includes at least one light emitting diode. A measurement head is coupled to the optical assembly for collecting light reflected by the specimen, and a spectrum analyzer is coupled to the measurement head for performing spectral analysis of the collected light into a plurality of spectral bands. A reference channel provides illumination from the optical assembly to the spectrum analyzer, while a test channel provides the collected light from the measurement head to the spectrum analyzer.

Abstract: The present invention compensates a fluctuation of a light-emitting intensity of a light source. First splitting portions (12, 13) in the present invention are used to split lights emitted from the light source, and an excitation light with a specific wavelength (?Ex) is incident to a sample element 15. Second splitting portions (16, 17) are used to split the lights from the sample element portion, and a fluorescence detecting portion 18 is used to measure the fluorescence intensity (IEm). A reference light detecting portion 19 detects a specific wavelength (?R) of the lights without being selected by the first splitting portion, and then the light intensities detected by the reference light detecting portion are outputted and stored in a spectrum data storage portion 21. The intensity (IEx) of the excitation light is calculated according to the wavelength of the excitation light, the wavelength of the reference light, and the intensity of the reference light in the spectrum data.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for measuring four factors contributing to transparency of a colored film, namely, Haze, Scatter, Gloss and Bronze values by utilizing a diffuse sphere spectrophotometer.

Abstract: A flaw and foreign object debris (FOD) detection system (11) for use during fabrication of a structure (12) includes an illumination device (13). The illumination device (13) is configured to be in proximity with a fabrication system (10) and illuminates a portion (18) of the structure (12). The illumination device (13) directs light rays (16) at acute angles relative to the portion (18). A detector (14) monitors the portion (18) and detects FOD in the portion (18) during fabrication of the structure (12) in response to the reflection of the light rays (16) off of the portion (18).

Abstract: A flaw and foreign object debris (FOD) detection system (11) for use during fabrication of a structure (12) includes an illumination device (13). The illumination device (13) is configured to be in proximity with a fabrication system (10) and illuminates a portion (18) of the structure (12). The illumination device (13) directs light rays (16) at acute angles relative to the portion (18). A detector (14) monitors the portion (18) and detects FOD in the portion (18) during fabrication of the structure (12) in response to the reflection of the light rays (16) off of the portion (18).

Abstract: A spectroscope designed to utilize an adaptive optical element such as a micro mirror array (MMA) and two distinct light channels and detectors. The devices can provide for real-time and near real-time scaling and normalization of signals.

Abstract: This invention comprises the means for the capture of full spectrum images in an electronic camera without the use of color primary filters to limit the spectral color gamut of the captured image. The fundamental principle of the invention is that each pixel of the image sensor acts as an independent spectrophotometer and spectral separator. Electromagnetic energy enters though a slit or collimating optic. Electromagnetic energy gets diffracted into component spectra by diffraction grating spectrophotometer for each pixel of image Electromagnetic energy leaves diffraction grating at different angles based on wavelength of the energy Spectrophotometer separates light for each pixel into its spectral components onto photodetector line array elements. Individual line array elements which are activated determine the original radiance level of the light source containing that specific wavelength region. The sum of these regions determines the spectral signature of the light at that pixel element.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for enhancing the analysis of noninvasive spectra, resulting in improved analytical performance. More particularly, the invention comprises a method and apparatus for processing noninvasive spectra with an analyte filter that preferably rejects variation likely to be detrimental to the measurement system, while passing signal that probabilistically is unique to the target analyte. Subsequently, the analyte filtered data are used to estimate an analyte property, such as a glucose concentration, in the presence of noise, interferences, state changes, and/or across analyzers.

Abstract: Light, such as from an analyte-wavelength converter or other optical sensor, is propagated to a detector or transmission structure with an entry surface and with output positions such as in an exit surface. For example, the position of light output by such a detector can be used to detect presence of an analyte such as a biomolecule or chemical. Or relative quantities of photons provided at positions of the exit surface can indicate analyte information such as presence, absence, quantity, or concentration. The detector or transmission structure can have a laterally varying energy transmission function, such as with a constant gradient or a step-like gradient. At the exit surface of the transmission structure, a photosensor array or position sensor can sense transmitted light or output photons, and, in response, circuitry can provide signals indicating the analyte information.

Abstract: A system for characterizing material properties in miniature semiconductor structures performs a scatterometry analysis on inelastically scattered light. The system can include a narrowband probe beam generator and a detector. A single wavelength probe beam from the narrowband probe beam generator produces scattered light from a measurement pattern on a test sample. The scattered light is measured by the detector, and the measurement data (e.g., Raman spectrum) is used in a scatterometry analysis to determine material properties for the measurement pattern. The detector can measure either incoherent inelastically scattered light (e.g., using a spectrometer) or coherent inelastically scattered light (e.g., using an array detector). If the measurement pattern dimensions are substantially similar to actual device dimensions, the material property distributions determined for the measurement pattern can be applied to the actual devices on the test sample.

Abstract: Methods and systems for evaluating pigment dispersions with desired characteristics. More specifically, methods and systems for evaluating particle size of colorless or light color dispersions using a novel parameter described as particle size related scattering index (PSRSI).

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a process of using the said apparatus in the in-time air sampling, detection and identification of bioaereosols; wherein identification of the said aerosol is based on a multiphoton laser diagnostic technique in combination with the velocity and aerodynamic size of the particular bioaerosol.