Abstract: A system for on-line optical monitoring of a gas turbine engine includes a viewport into a combustor of the gas turbine engine and an optical filter optically coupled to the viewport. The optical filter is configured to receive broad wavelength band thermal radiation from an interior surface of the combustor while the gas turbine engine is in operation, to substantially block wavelengths of the broad wavelength band thermal radiation emitted and/or absorbed by a flame and/or by exhaust gas within the combustor, and to output narrow wavelength band thermal radiation from the interior surface of the combustor. The system also includes a detector array in optical communication with the optical filter. The detector array is configured to receive the narrow wavelength band thermal radiation and to output signals indicative of a two-dimensional intensity map of the narrow wavelength band thermal radiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for examining an object, particularly in terms of the surface morphology thereof. Said apparatus comprises a transportable housing which can be placed, especially by hand, above the surface segment of the object that is to be examined, and at least three light sources, the optical beam axes of which extend at a slanted angle of incidence relative to the surface segment that is to be examined. The light sources are disposed inside the housing and can illuminate the surface segment that is to be examined through an illumination aperture in the housing. The apparatus further comprises at least one light sensor for detecting the light reflected on the surface segment that is to be examined and a control and evaluation unit which is connected to the light sources and the light sensor. The light sources are arranged such that the optical beam axes thereof extend on different, non-parallel reference planes.

Abstract: An apparatus for acquiring a profile of a food product for use in subsequent processing of the food product includes a scanning area and one or more product drives for driving a product through the scanning area in a longitudinal direction. First line lasers project one first transverse laser line transversely to the longitudinal direction on the first surface and two first cameras arranged to capture different, overlapping first transverse image portions of the first transverse laser line. A reference laser projects a beam on the first surface that indicates a transverse reference position, and the two first cameras also capture the reference position. A control system uses the transverse reference position to combine the different first transverse image portions captured by the two first cameras to calculate a first profile of the first surface at multiple positions along a length of the first surface as the product is driven through the scanning area.

Abstract: A mobile, wireless biometric identification system includes a biometric capture device, associated software and processes which enable a commercially available wireless communication device, such as a smartphone, using a commercially established wireless communication networks, to capture a digital image of a human biometric (iris, fingerprint, etc.) for transmission via a secure connection to a central server. The capture device is designed to focus on the difficult task of capturing the highest possible quality image for encoding and comparison, while the overall system is designed to leverage the existing cellular communication network. At the server level, the server system receives the image, encodes the image to a biometric template, and compares the encoded template to a plurality of reference templates stored in a database to identify the individual. Identification data is then transmitted back to the smartphone device and displayed.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a technique for calculating the psychophysical value of a color corresponding to an arbitrarily defined tone by modeling a tone concept defined in the PCCS (Practical Color Co-ordinate System).

Abstract: A multi-angle colorimeter employs a multi-angle mode and a symmetrical arrangement mode in an optical arrangement. Light detection on both sides of the symmetrical arrangement is performed by a single photodetector unit. The photodetector unit is used on both sides, and thus, the device becomes simpler, without any impact on individual difference in characteristics of multiple photodetector units. Conversely, elements for illumination can be used on both sides. Also in a case where multiple photodetector units are used, the size and cost of the device can be reduced with the use of a photodetector unit having a relatively low wavelength resolution as a photodetector unit to be used on one side. This enables to reduce an attitude error due to relative tilting of a measurement surface while reducing the size and cost of the device.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a device for characterizing a chromatic property of foodstuff. The device includes a light source arranged to emit light having at least two wavelengths or wavelength ranges. The light source is further arranged to direct the light to a surface of at least the foodstuff. The device also includes a detector positioned to detect at least a portion of reflected light and arranged to generate an output that is indicative of an intensity of detected reflected light. The device is arranged such that respective outputs are generated for the at least two wavelengths or wavelength ranges. A relation between the output for one of the at least two wavelengths or wavelength ranges and the output for the other or another one of the at least two wavelengths or wavelength ranges is indicative of the chromatic property of the surface of the foodstuff.

Abstract: Among various embodiments of the present disclosure, color calibration can be performed on a printing apparatus by using a preconfigured color map coded to reduce a color difference of a selected reference color sample relative to a color standard, where the selected reference color sample substantially matches a first test color sample printed by the printing apparatus. Installing the preconfigured color map can enable recalibrating the printing apparatus to use the preconfigured color map in adjusting an amount of a number of colorants utilized in printing a second test color sample to reduce the number of color differences of the second test color sample relative to the color standard.

Abstract: A method for controlling a color adjustable light source (101) configured to illuminate an object (110) is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of setting (301) a color temperature of a reference white point (cpref) at the black body curve (202), acquiring (302) information as to a color of the object (cpobj), receiving (303) a desired saturation level, and controlling (304) the light source (101) to illuminate the object (110) with light corresponding to the color temperature of the reference white point and comprising a saturated component corresponding to the color of the object. A corresponding system (100) for performing the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A reading apparatus includes a reading unit including a presser configured to press a sheet, a carriage configured to hold a sensor unit and to move on the presser, and a housing configured to store the sensor unit and the carriage and to hold the presser in a displaceable way. The reading apparatus further includes a movement mechanism configured to move the reading unit to a first position in which the presser presses a supporting surface and to a second position in which the pressing is released. The movement mechanism sets the reading unit to the first position during reading by the sensor unit and to the second position during movement of the sheet on the supporting surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring at least one parameter of an arterial blood sample, including a flow sensor having standardized connecting elements which are connected to the inlet and the outlet side of a measuring cell of the flow sensor, the measuring cell having at least one optochemical sensor element which can be brought in contact with the blood sample. A connector is removably placed on the flow sensor and includes at least one light source for exciting the optochemical sensor element and at least one photodetector for receiving the measurement radiation of the optochemical sensor element. An electronic module has an electric connecting line to the connector and contacts the at least one light source and the at least one photodetector, the flow sensor being connectible to the standardized connection of an arterial catheter via the connecting element on the inlet side and to the standardized connection of an arterial infusion set via the connection on the outlet side.

Abstract: An optical test equipment/method for display testing that features parallel testing/sensing configuration that covers spectrum and colorimetric quantities with spatial resolution is disclosed. In one embodiment, a spectra-camera, which is a hybrid system consisting of both a single-point spectrometer and an imaging colorimeter, can be configured for concurrent display artifact and parametric testing. An aperture mirror with a hole in the middle splits an image of a test display into two parts. One part of the image passes through the hole and is directed to the spectrometer for display parametric testing. The rest of the image is reflected off the aperture mirror for concurrent display artifact testing with the colorimeter. In another embodiment, a beam splitter can be used instead of an aperture mirror. In yet another embodiment, the single-point high accuracy spectrometer can be used to calibrate the low accuracy imaging colorimeter.

Abstract: A system allows people to more easily find products matching their skin tone. A kiosk at a retail store or other location can assist customers in determining what products are right for them and then purchase them from the retailer. The kiosk can include a scanning device is used to scan one or more spots of a person's skin. For example, three different spots can be scanned. The scan determines a skin-tone identifier for the person's skin. This skin-tone identifier is used by a software program (e.g., executing on a tablet computer) to determine and output a listing of products that are appropriate for the person's skin tone.

Abstract: Identification of a material composition. The material composition is configured with a color additive that is embedded or otherwise not visible. The color additive identifies the specific material composition. A discrete section or sub-section of the material is deformed such that the embedded color additive is made visible in the optical spectrum, after which the discrete section or sub-section may be sorted for recycling.

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing counterfeiting and alteration according to the present invention includes a magnetic changeable substance carrier part containing a magnetic changeable substance to vary reflected or transmitted light rays as an applied magnetic field is varied; a magnetic field generation part for generating a magnetic field applied to the magnetic changeable substance; and a moveable part for varying at least one of the intensity, direction and pattern of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic changeable substance according to an externally applied stimulus so as to change the appearance of the magnetic changeable substance.

Abstract: An estimation device is configured to estimate a feature value of a specific component contained in a sample and includes: a spectral estimation parameter storage module; a calibration parameter storage module; a multiband image acquirer; an optical spectrum operator configured to compute an optical spectrum from a multiband image using a spectral estimation parameter; and a calibration processor configured to compute the feature value from the optical spectrum using a calibration parameter.

Abstract: A tunable laser source that includes multiple gain elements and uses a spatial light modulator in an external cavity to produce spectrally tunable output is claimed. Several designs of the external cavity are described, targeting different performance characteristics and different manufacturing costs for the device. Compared to existing devices, the tunable laser source produces high output power, wide tuning range, fast tuning rate, and high spectral resolution.

Abstract: We disclose measurement systems and methods for measuring analytes in target regions of samples that also include features overlying the target regions. The systems include: (a) a light source; (b) a detection system; (c) a set of at least first, second, and third light ports which transmit light from the light source to a sample and receive and direct light reflected from the sample to the detection system, generating a first set of data including information corresponding to both an internal target within the sample and features overlying the internal target, and a second set of data including information corresponding to features overlying the internal target; and (d) a processor configured to remove information characteristic of the overlying features from the first set of data using the first and second sets of data to produce corrected information representing the internal target.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a unit configured to judge a border between two patch images among a plurality of patch images formed on the recording material, based on change in the amount of the light beam of at least one noticed wavelength detected by a detection unit; a unit configured to calculate a color value of a patch image from the amount of the light beam of each wavelength detected by the detection unit; and a control unit configured to control an accumulation period of charge for the photoelectric conversion at the detection unit. The control unit is further configured to make the accumulation period of the detection unit shorter when judging the border between the two patch images than when calculating the color value of each of the two patch images.

Abstract: A screening method of a phosphor-based optical film used in a backlight module and a backlight module are proposed. The screening method includes steps of: a) dividing an internal surface of the backlight module without a phosphor-based optical film into multiple measurement zones, and gaining a transmittance spectrum of each of the measurement zones; b) gaining a chromatic value of each of the measurement zones matching the phosphor-based optical film; c) checking the chromatic values gained in b) to be within a range of standard chroma; the process of screening being finished if all of the chromatic values are in the range; matching at least one measurement zone with a new phosphor-based optical film if the chromatic value of the at least one of the measurement zones is not within the range, and returning to b). The present backlight module has higher saturation and penetration and better color uniformity.

Abstract: An authenticating device is used for optically authenticating a testing area of a first surface of a valuable document. The valuable document defines a normal perpendicular to the first surface and a datum penetrating the normal and two sides of the valuable document. The datum and the first surface collectively define a first area and a second area adjacent to the first area. The authenticating device includes a first light emitting unit, a second light emitting unit, and a light receiving component. The first light emitting unit is arranged within the first area. The second light emitting unit is arranged within the first area. The light receiving component is arranged within the second area. The first light emitting unit and the second light emitting unit emit light to the testing area in sequence for authenticating the variable document.

Abstract: A transportable goniospectrometer with a constant observation center for a radiometric measurement of the reflection of a natural surface includes a spectrometer having an optical unit and a sensor. A main pillar has a lower and an upper pillar end. An arc has a fixed and a free arc end. A slide is disposed displaceably and fixably along the arc. The slide carries the optical unit orientated towards the observation center. A cantilever has a fixed cantilever end connected to the upper pillar end via a screw connection, and a free cantilever end which has a suspension that is rotatable and fixable about a vertical axis. The suspension is connected to the sensor and to the fixed arc end of the arc. The suspension is configured to position the arc at a distance of the arc radius of the arc above the natural surface.

Abstract: A photodetector includes a semiconductor substrate having an irradiation zone configured to generate charge carriers having opposite charge carrier types in response to an irradiation of the semiconductor substrate. The photodetector further includes an inversion zone generator configured to operate in at least two operating states to generate different inversion zones within the substrate, wherein a first inversion zone generated in a first operating state differs from a second inversion zone generated in a second operating state, and wherein the first inversion zone and the second inversion zone have different extensions in the semiconductor substrate. A corresponding method for manufacturing a photodetector and a method for determining a spectral characteristic of an irradiation are also described.

Abstract: An optical system includes a lens, a pupil relay, and an aperture stop positioned at a focal point of the lens between the lens and the pupil relay. The lens is configured to collect a plurality of light bundles. Each light bundle emanates from a field point of an object plane and has a center ray substantially parallel to an optical axis of the lens. The lens is configured to direct the center ray of each light bundle through the aperture stop and onto the pupil relay. The pupil relay is configured to image a plane of the aperture stop onto a sensor array.

Abstract: A colorimeter, webcam, camera, spectrophotometer, scanner or other instrument measures the color composition and conditions and texture of a person's body part or presented beauty product and an individual custom formulation is produced. A presented beauty product may include foundation, concealer, tinted moisturizer, primer, skin care products, blush, nail polish, hair dye, lipstick, lip gloss, mascara, eye liner and eye shadow. The produced custom formulation may comprise foundation, concealer, tinted moisturizer, primer, skin care products, blush, nail polish, hair dye, lipstick, lip gloss, mascara, eye liner, eye shadow or other consumer products. A computer system 301 includes a processor 501 and a non-transitory, computer readable medium 500 containing machine readable instructions that accept data from a colorimeter 300 or like instrument and uses a main executable program 502 and a subroutine 504 for color analysis.

Abstract: A set of images of an object are captured from a set of lenses positioned at different angles. A common point is determined, which has a color value that differs among the images. Color at the point is mathematically expressed as a set of equations. The equations comprise a recorded color value for the point, an ambient contribution, a diffuse contribution, and a specular contribution. The ambient and diffuse contributions are set as equal across the equations. The specular contribution is determined, such as by quantifying the light sources and solving for the specular contribution using a Phong lighting model equation. True color for the point, which is based on the ambient and diffuse contribution, is determined by solving a set of simultaneous equations once the specular contribution is known. An image is created where the point has the true color as determined above.

Abstract: The present invention provides a color measuring apparatus and a printing apparatus that enable the user to easily keep a backing plate. A color measuring apparatus includes a holder on which a backing plate is capable of being attached, the backing plate having a white portion and a black portion, and a sensor for measuring color patterns on a sheet on the backing plate. Either one of the white portion and the black portion faces the sensor, depending on the attached state of the backing plate on the holder.

Abstract: An online colorimetric analyzer that generates an indication of a material in a sample is provided. The analyzer includes a peristaltic pump configured to convey. A photometric cell is operably coupled to the peristaltic pump to receive the sample. An illumination source is disposed to direct illumination through the sample in the photometric cell along an angle of incidence. A photodetector disposed to receive illumination passing through the photometric cell along the angle of incidence and provide a signal indicative of a color of the sample. A controller is coupled to the illumination source, the photodetector and the peristaltic pump. The photometric cell is tilted relative to vertical such that a surface of liquid present when the photometric cell is partially filled substantially reflects the illumination away from the angle of incidence.

Abstract: This application describes designs, implementations, and techniques for controlling propagation mode or modes of light in a common optical path, which may include one or more waveguides, to sense a sample.

Abstract: A sample information input unit obtains spectral reflectances of color patches formed on a medium from a measuring device or storage unit. A media characteristic input unit inputs bi-spectral radiance factors of the medium from the storage unit. A computing unit computes bi-spectral radiance factors of the color patches based on the spectral reflectances of the color patches obtained by the sample information input unit and the bi-spectral radiance factors of the medium input by the media characteristic input unit.

Abstract: A multi-angle colorimeter employs a multi-angle mode and a symmetrical arrangement mode in an optical arrangement. Light detection on both sides of the symmetrical arrangement is performed by a single photodetector unit. The photodetector unit is used on both sides, and thus, the device becomes simpler, without any impact on individual difference in characteristics of multiple photodetector units. Conversely, elements for illumination can be used on both sides. Also in a case where multiple photodetector units are used, the size and cost of the device can be reduced with the use of a photodetector unit having a relatively low wavelength resolution as a photodetector unit to be used on one side. This enables to reduce an attitude error due to relative tilting of a measurement surface while reducing the size and cost of the device.

Abstract: Various embodiments may relate to a lighting device including at least two light sources, the light from which has different spectra and is combined to form useful light. For measuring the portions of the light from the individual light sources, part of the useful light, the measurement light, is branched off with the aid of a coupling-out element at the output of the lighting device and is fed to a measuring device.

Abstract: A method for determining the effectiveness of the treatment of a fluid for the purpose of reducing or eliminating particles in the fluid. The method includes the steps of obtaining samples of the fluid before and after treatment, delivering the samples to a particle imaging system, obtaining image information of particles in the samples, including particle colors, and comparing the difference in particle color from the first sample to the second sample. A change in particle color detected is indicative of particle death.

Abstract: A food analysis device includes a variable wavelength interference filter adapted to disperse light reflected by the food into a plurality of lights with respective wavelengths, an imaging section adapted to image the lights with the respective wavelengths obtained by the dispersion to obtain spectral images corresponding respectively to the wavelengths, and a control section adapted to obtain spectrum of each of the pixels from the spectral images corresponding to the respective wavelengths, and then detect a pixel including the absorption spectrum of water, and then detect a plurality of components based on the spectrum of the pixel detected.

Abstract: This specification describes various embodiments that relate to methods for providing a wideband colorimeter that can include more accurate outputs. In one embodiment, a narrowband instrument, such as a spectrometer or spectrograph, can be used for calibration of a wideband colorimeter, so that more accurate outputs can be provided. In one embodiment, an optical test equipment, which consists of both a wideband colorimeter and a narrowband spectrograph, can be used for providing a more accurately calibrated wideband colorimeter. As an example, a spectra-camera, which is a hybrid system consisting of both a wideband colorimeter and a narrowband spectrograph, can be used for simultaneous testing by both the wideband colorimeter and the narrowband spectrograph. By doing simultaneous testing, accurate calibration of the wideband colorimeter can be achieved.

Abstract: Tablet-container filling apparatus is provided for feeding and separating tablets and for filling a tablet container with the said tablets. The tablet-container filling apparatus comprises a tablet-color identifier (3, 5), a tablet remover (4) whereby a rogue tablet is removable once identified by the tablet-color identifier, a tablet counter (7), a container conveyor (9), and a controller (5, 7) for controlling tablet flow into a container on said conveyor, the tablet-color identifier (3, 5) being on at least two sides of a tablet flow path, so that in use a tablet color is identifiable from at least said two sides.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an array substrate comprising a structure to be detected disposed on a base substrate. An additional layer for detecting the structure to be detected is broken is disposed below the structure to be detected. The additional layer has a color different from that of the structure to be detected and a same pattern shape as that of the structure to be detected. The present disclosure also provides a detecting method and detecting apparatus of the array substrate described above. According to the array substrate, the detecting method and the detecting apparatus of the present disclosure, an early detection of the breakage defect occurred during the fabrication process of the array substrate can be achieved so as to discover and eliminate those defects as early as possible, which improves throughput and yield.

Abstract: A method of light source classification includes determining a plurality of color regions in the CIE 1976 chromaticity diagram according to desired classification criteria. The plurality of color regions of the CIE 1976 chromaticity diagram are converted into a plurality of color classification regions defined by color coordinates of the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. The light source is classified into one of the plurality of color classification regions. This classification method may allow for precise classification based on actual color differences, while providing light sources having color uniformity in the same classification region.

Abstract: In a measuring probe (40) according to the present invention, measuring light is split into a two or more through a split optical system (12), and, when each split light is received by a light-receiving sensor (13B, 13B, 15B) through an interference filter (13A, 14A, 15A) serving as a color filter, the split light is introduced into the interference filter (13A, 14A, 15A) through a collecting lens group (123C, 14C, 15C) formed as a substantially bilateral telecentric system. The interference filter (13A, 14A, 15A) is formed to obtain a transmittance characteristic corresponding to a measurement parameter, depending on a condition of an intensity distribution with respect to incidents angles of light incident on the interference filter (13A, 14A, 15A). Thus, the measuring probe (40) according to the present invention can reduce an influence of a deviation in the transmittance characteristic due to incident angles, even using the interference filter (13A, 14A, 15A).

Abstract: A system and method of characterizing a color variation of a surface includes a device having a light source and a plurality of sensors positioned at respective viewing angles. An algorithm is stored on and executable by a controller to cause the controller to direct a beam of light at the measurement location with the light source and measure the light leaving the measurement location with the sensors at a plurality of azimuth angles to obtain respective measured color values. The controller is configured to define a color vector function F(?, ?) to represent the color variation of the surface. The controller is configured to determine the color vector function F(?, ?) based at least partially on the respective measured color values. The system allows for a representation of color space of a surface at any azimuth and viewing angle.

Abstract: A screening method of a phosphor-based optical film used in a backlight module and a backlight module are proposed. The screening method includes steps of: a) dividing an internal surface of the backlight module without a phosphor-based optical film into multiple measurement zones, and gaining a transmittance spectrum of each of the measurement zones; b) gaining a chromatic value of each of the measurement zones matching the phosphor-based optical film; c) checking the chromatic values gained in b) to be within a range of standard chroma; the process of screening being finished if all of the chromatic values are in the range; matching at least one measurement zone with a new phosphor-based optical film if the chromatic value of the at least one of the measurement zones is not within the range, and returning to b). The present backlight module has higher saturation and penetration and better color uniformity.

Abstract: A method for measuring the uniform diffuse reflectance ROBJ(?) at least at one point on an object (30) using a device (10) including a unit (11) capable of emitting colour illuminants expressed in the form of luminous flux and an electronic colour image sensor (12). The present invention also relates to a device (10) including a unit (11) for emitting colour illuminants expressed as luminous flux of colours and an electronic colour image sensor (12), for measuring the uniform diffuse reflectance ROBJ(?) at least at one point on an object (30) placed in a zone located opposite and substantially perpendicular to the unit (11) capable of emitting colours and located in the field of vision of the electronic colour image sensor (12) and being subjected to an external illuminant expressed as a constant and unknown external environmental luminous flux (40) denoted Iext(?).

Abstract: A side illuminated multi point multi parameter optical fiber sensor that requires no sensitive coating is provided. This sensor comprises an optical fiber having at least one removed cladding section as the sensitive region, at least one probing light source that side illuminates the fiber, a power supply, a detector, a signal processor and a display. The sensitive optical fiber is optically affected by the presence of a measurand medium that can fluoresce, phosphoresce, absorb and/or scatter the probing light. This probing light is guided by the fiber core towards a detector which measures the light intensity and this light intensity is correlated with a measurand.

Abstract: Described herein is a method, system and computer program for analyzing a colorimetric assay that includes obtaining an image of the assay, optionally correcting for ambient lighting conditions in the image, converting the intensity data for at least one of the red channel, the green channel, or the blue channel to a first data point, recalling a predetermined standardized curve, comparing the first data point with the standardized curve, and identifying the value for the assay parameter from the standardized curve.

Abstract: A system for monitoring LED displays on electronic equipments using optical fiber as light transmission medium comprising: (a) a plurality of LED displays on electronic equipments indicating operation status of the electronic equipments, (b) a plurality of optical light concentrator unit, for collecting light emitted by the LED displays using optical fiber as light transmission medium, (c) a plurality of LED Display Monitors for determining the operation status of the LED displays that reflect the operation status of the electronic equipments, (c) an equipment LED display monitoring software installed and executed in a computer system for comparing the operation status of the LED displays with a predetermined operation status stored in the computer system and providing audio, visual, or electronic messaging alerts if any abnormality occurs, and (d) a communication link between the LED Display Monitors and the computer system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a portable and self-contained optical spectrometer for analyzing a light spectrum backscattered by an illuminated sample, in order to deduce the content of at least one compound constituting the sample, said spectrometer being arranged about an optical axis and including: a target area centered on said optical axis; a plurality of optical sensors trained on the target area; an opaque measurement chamber including: an opening centered on said optical axis; at least one diffusing filter blocking said opening; and an inner bottom capable of housing the plurality of optical sensors and a main illumination device capable of illuminating the sample. The invention further relates to a method for using such a spectrometer.

Abstract: Exemplary method, apparatus and arrangement can be provided for obtaining information associated with a sample such as a portion of an anatomical structure. The information can be generated using first data, which can be based on a signal obtained from a location on the sample, and second data, where the second data can be obtained by combining a second signal received from the sample with a third reference signal. An image of a portion of the sample can also be generated based on the information. For example, the first data can be associated with spectral encoding microscopy data, and the second data can be associated with optical coherence tomography data.

Abstract: A spectral colorimetric apparatus includes a housing which includes a side wall. An outer surface of the side wall is an adjustment surface capable of adjusting a position of a linear sensor by moving while attaching the linear sensor to the adjustment surface. The linear sensor is supported by the side wall of the housing while abutting on the adjustment surface and receives alight beam that is dispersed by a concave surface reflection type diffraction element and passes through an opening portion. The adjustment surface is parallel to a tangential line at a part of a Rowland circle of the concave surface reflection type diffraction element, through which a light beam received by the linear sensor passes.

Abstract: Assembly for selecting matching colours to base colours of user articles. The assembly comprises a substrate provided with a plurality of selection areas that have mutually differing selection colours. The assembly further comprises a cover having a first main surface provided with a first base colour and having a second main surface. The cover is provided with a window. The assembly is provided with holding means for holding the cover to the substrate in a first cover position wherein, by means of the window, at least one selection area is exposed. The second main surface is provided with a second base colour. The window and the holding means are arranged for holding the cover to the substrate in a second cover position wherein, by means of the window, at least one selection area is exposed.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of hybrid metal-dielectric optical coatings as the end reflectors of laser cavities and/or in the mirror structures used in other optical resonators, such as Fabry-Perot tunable filters, along with the use of such Fabry-Perot tunable filters in wavelength swept sources such as lasers. Hybrid metal-dielectric optical coatings have reflectivity spectra that can be broader than pure dielectric coatings, offer optical reflectivities higher than metal, as high as pure dielectric coatings, eliminate mirror transmission that can cause parasitic light reflections, and use fewer layers and thus have lower mass and higher mechanical resonant frequency for movable mirror applications An important characteristic of these coatings concerns the non-reflected light. Pure dielectric coatings offer high reflectivity, while the non-reflected portion of the light is transmitted by the coating to the substrate, for example.