Abstract: Optical apparatus (38) includes an electro-optical layer (46), contained within a transparent envelope (43, 44) and having an effective local index of refraction at any given location that is determined by a voltage waveform applied across the electro-optical layer at the location. An array of excitation electrodes (50) is disposed over a surface of the transparent envelope. Control circuitry (42) is configured to apply voltage waveforms to the excitation electrodes so as to generate across at least a part of the active area of the electro-optical layer a phase modulation profile (60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70) comprising spatially alternating peaks (61) and troughs (62) separated by phase transitions chosen so as to emulate a Fresnel lens. The troughs have respective phase modulation depths that vary by at least one quarter wavelength at a nominal wavelength of 500 nm across at least the part of the active area of the electro-optical layer that emulates the Fresnel lens.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a display panel and a display device. The display panel includes a substrate, a plurality of light emitting elements and at least one transmissive-reflective module, where the light emitting elements are arranged on the substrate; each of the light emitting elements includes a first electrode, a light emitting functional layer and a second electrode arranged along a direction vertical to the substrate and away from the substrate; the at least one transmissive-reflective module is arranged on a side, close to the substrate, of the first electrode of at least one of the light emitting elements, and/or on a side, away from the substrate, of the second electrode of at least one of the light emitting elements; the transmissive-reflective module is configured to switch between a transmissive state and a reflective state.

Abstract: A reflective spatial light modulator (SLM) made of an electro-optic material in a one-sided Fabry-Perot resonator can provide phase and/or amplitude modulation with fine spatial resolution at speeds over a Gigahertz. The light is confined laterally within the electro-optic material/resonator layer stack with microlenses, index perturbations, or by patterning the layer stack into a two-dimensional (2D) array of vertically oriented micropillars. Alternatively, a photonic crystal guided mode resonator can vertically and laterally confine the resonant mode. In phase-only modulation mode, each SLM pixel can produce a ? phase shift under a bias voltage below 10 V, while maintaining nearly constant reflection amplitude. This high-speed SLM can be used in a wide range of new applications, from fully tunable metasurfaces to optical computing accelerators, high-speed interconnects, true 2D phased array beam steering, beam forming, or quantum computing with cold atom arrays.

Abstract: Provided are an optical modulating device and a system including the optical modulating device. The optical modulating device includes a substrate, and a phase modulator formed on the substrate and including a Fabry-Perot cavity. The Fabry-Perot cavity of the phase modulator includes a first reflective layer, a second reflective layer, and a tunable core formed between the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer, wherein the tunable core is formed of a semiconductor material and is configured to modulate a phase of light corresponding to modulation of a refractive index of the tunable core according to electrical control.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display panel, a reflective polarization plate, a polarization control panel, a polarization plate, and an optical layer arranged in a stated order. The reflective polarization plate transmits a component polarized in the first direction and reflects a component polarized in the second direction, in light incident on the reflective polarization plate. The polarization control panel is switchable between a first state in which light incident on the polarization control panel has its polarization direction changed and is transmitted accordingly and a second state in which the incident light has its polarization direction maintained and is transmitted accordingly. The polarization plate transmits a component polarized in the first direction or a component polarized in the second direction, in light incident on the polarization plate. The optical layer disturbs a polarization direction of light incident on the optical layer and transmits the light accordingly.

Abstract: Apparatus (100) for determining presence of a gas (103) is provided, the apparatus (100) comprising: one or more retarders (109) to spectrally modulate polarisation of received radiation in accordance with a plurality of polarised spectral modulation profiles which are offset in phase from each other, the radiation output from the one or more retarders (109) comprising radiation having polarisation spectrally modulated in accordance with the said plurality of polarised spectral modulation profiles in a common beam of radiation; one or more polarisers (147, 148); and radiation detectors (142, 144) to detect radiation output from the one or more retarders (109) filtered for respective polarisation states by the one or more polarisers (147, 148), the detectors (142, 144) selectively and separately detecting on different detectors at the same time polarised radiation conforming to each of at least first and second of the said polarised spectral modulation profiles to thereby provide at least respective first and

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure describe amplifier dynamics compensation through feedback control for distributed fiber sensing systems, methods, and structures employing Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry.

Abstract: The effective focal length of an optical system can be electronically controlled using switchable wave plates in conjunction with polarized light.

Abstract: An optical assembly is provided that includes an electro-optic element that is configured to transition between a substantially clear state and a substantially darkened state. The electro-optic element can include an electrochromic polymer or network film that is substantially aligned with light having a predetermined polarization such that the electro-optic element is variably transmissive to the polarized light.

Abstract: The invention relates to an illumination device (51, 52, 53) for a motor vehicle headlight, which illumination device comprises: an illumination means (100) wherein the light beams thereof can be collimated by at least one lens system (200); a polarising beam splitter (300), which divides the collimated light beams into a first and a second linearly polarised beam path (310, 320); a first means for polarisation rotation (400) which is configured to rotate the polarisation direction of the second beam path (320), such that the second beam path (320) has the polarisation direction of the first beam path (310); a reflective means (350) which is configured to deflect the first beam path (310); a single second means for polarisation rotation (600), having at least one segment which can be placed in an active and an inactive state by means of electrical signals; a polarisation filter means (610) which is configured to transmit or block the light beams that have been rotated in terms of their polarisation by the sec

Abstract: An objective optical system includes a lens group and an optical-path splitting element. The optical-path splitting element has an optical-path splitting surface which forms a first optical path and a second optical path. A reflecting surface is positioned in the second optical path and a predetermined optical surface is positioned in the second optical path. A wavelength band of light transmitted through the predetermined optical surface or a wavelength band of light reflected at the predetermined optical surface is restricted. The wavelength band which is restricted is narrower than a wavelength band of light that travels along the other optical path. A quarter-wave plate is positioned between the optical-path splitting surface and the reflecting surface. The optical-path splitting surface has a characteristic of transmitting P-polarized light and reflecting S-polarized light. The predetermined optical surface is positioned between the optical-path splitting surface and the quarter-wave plate.

Abstract: A vehicular rearview assembly includes an electro-optic element. A first substrate defines a first element surface and a second element surface. A first polarizer is coupled to the second element surface. A second substrate is spaced away from the first substrate and defines a third element surface and a fourth element surface. An electro-optic material is positioned between the first and second substrates. A second polarizer is coupled to the second substrate. A display is configured to emit light having a first polarization toward the second polarizer.

Abstract: A vehicular interior rearview mirror assembly includes a mirror head having a mirror reflective element with a transflective mirror reflector. A video display device is disposed rearward of the mirror reflective element and has a display screen that occupies at least 75 percent of the reflective region of the mirror reflective element. The video display device is operable to display video images captured by a rearward viewing camera of the vehicle. When the video display device is operated to display video images, light emitted by the video display device passes through the transflective mirror reflector of the mirror reflective element for viewing of displayed video images by a driver of the vehicle viewing the mirror reflective element. Light emitted by the video display device may exit the mirror reflective element as circularly polarized light.

Abstract: Conventionally, wavelength locking and monitoring has been achieved used various components, including calibrated etalon filters, gratings, and arrays of color filters, which offer fairly bulky solutions that require complicated controls. An improved on-chip wavelength monitor comprises: a combination comb filter comprising a plurality of comb filters, each for receiving a test beams, and each comb filter including a substantially different FSR, e.g. 10× to 20× the next closest FSR. A controller dithers a phase tuning section of each comb filter to generate a maximum or minimum output in a corresponding photodetector indicative of the wavelength of the test signal.

Abstract: A wavelength monitoring device includes a polarization rotation element; an etalon element that includes a first double refractive layer and a single refractive layer or a second double refractive layer that is disposed by rotating an optic axis of the second double refractive layer with respect to an optic axis of the first double refractive layer; a polarization separating element that separates an input light, which has the polarization direction rotated and is transmitted through the etalon element, into first light having a polarization direction parallel to the optic axis of the first double refractive layer and second light having a polarization direction perpendicular to the optic axis of the first double refractive layer; a first light receiving device that receives the first light to detect a first monitor value; and a second light receiving device that receives the second light to detect a second monitor value.

Abstract: Provided is a mobile electronic device, comprising a first display configured to have a first display area, a second display that is overlapped with a display surface side of the first display and configured to switch a transmissive state for transmitting incident light and a reflective state for reflecting incident light, and a controller configured to control presentation on the first display and presentation on the second display, wherein the second display is configured to have a second display area including a first area that is overlapped with at least part of the first display area and a second area that is not overlapped with the first display area.

Abstract: The display includes a transparent display (TD) element or layer such as at least one Transparent Organic Light Emitting Diode (TOLED) element and at least one active shutter (AS) element or layer such as a liquid crystal shutter. The AS may be opaque or transparent. The TD may be transparent or display or emit light in mixtures of color. Black may be displayed by a TD pixel by having the TD be transparent and turning an AS opaque. Each display is composed of elements that can have many states. The states can be used to create different display modes. Devices with these displays can have many form factors and configurations. These devices may change display modes based on spatial context as determined by any one of various environmental and configuration sensors.

Abstract: A vehicular rearview assembly is provided that includes a display configured to emit light of a first polarization. A reflective polarizer is positioned adjacent the display. The reflective polarizer is configured to transmit the light of the first polarization and reflect light of a second polarization and an electro-optic element is positioned on an opposite side of the reflective polarizer than the display. The electro-optic element is configured to transition between substantially clear and substantially darkened states. The electro-optic element includes a plurality of electrochromic molecules substantially aligned with the second polarization of the light such that the electro-optic element is configured to substantially absorb the light of the second polarization when in the darkened state.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electronic component module that includes, an electronic component, a mold resin that seals the electronic component, a conductive film that covers the mold resin, and a protective film that covers the conductive film. The protective film includes a protective layer and a low reflective layer, and the low reflective layer is free from contacting the conductive film.

Abstract: Methods and systems for Raman spectroscopy and context imaging are disclosed. One or two lasers can be used to excite Raman scattering in a sample, while a plurality of LEDs can illuminate the sample at a different wavelength. The LED light is collected by a lenslet array in order to enable a high depth of field. Focusing of the image can be carried out at specific points of the image by processing the light collected by the lenslet array.

Abstract: Provided is an optical body capable of arbitrarily and quickly controlling the optical characteristics of incident light. A refractive index variable layer (8) formed of PLZT or other material and a magneto-optical material layer (9) formed of garnet or other material are provided side by side between a first reflective layer (3) and a second reflective layer (5). If linearly polarized light is made incident from the side of the first reflective layer (3), the incident light interacts with the magneto-optical material layer (9) and is converted into a right-circularly polarized light component and a left-circularly polarized light component. A very small retardation occurring between both the right- and left-circularly polarized light components is amplified through multiple reflections between the pair of reflective layers (3, 5) and is controlled according to a controlled refractive index of the refractive index variable layer (8).

Abstract: An optical device comprising a single-photon device, which is coupled to a planar waveguide is described. The planar waveguide comprises a nanostructured section, which includes a longitudinal extending guiding region with a first side and a second side, a first nanostructure arranged on the first side of the guiding region, and a second nanostructure arranged on the second side of the guiding region. The nanostructured section comprises a slow-mode section, in which the single-photon device is positioned or embedded, and in which the first nanostructure and second nanostructure suppress spontaneous emission into other modes. The planar waveguide further comprises a fiber coupler for coupling light out of the planar waveguide and into an optical fiber, the fiber coupler preferably being adapted to match a field profile of an optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical component (1) is switchable between a directional mode and a 2-D mode. The optical component (1) comprising a lens array and an electro-optic layer, for example a liquid crystal layer, disposed in the path of light through the lens array. In the 2-D display mode the lens array has an optical effect on light passing through the component and the electro-optic layer at least partially nullifies the effect. For example the electro-optic layer may, in the 2-D display mode, scatter light or diverge light so as to nullify the focusing effect of the lens array. The optical component (1) may be disposed in the path of light through an image display panel (2) to form a display that may be switched between a directional display mode, eg a 3-D display mode, and a 2-D display mode by suitably switching the optical component (1).

Abstract: An optical transceiver for the coherent communication system is disclosed. The optical transceiver follows the standard of the CFP transceiver and installs a wavelength tunable laser diode (LD) as a light source for the optical transmission and a local light for the optical reception; an optical modulator of the Mach-Zehnder type made of dielectric material; and an optical receiver to recover the DP-QPSK optical signal. The housing of the optical transceiver provides a front auxiliary area and a rear auxiliary area to install a slender optical modulator and to bend an inner fiber with a large radius.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus relating to electromechanical display devices. In one aspect, a multi-stage interferometric modulator (IMOD) can include a movable reflector that can be moved to different positions to produce different reflected colors. The IMOD can include deformable elements that are coupled to a back side of the movable reflector and provide support to the movable reflector. The deformable elements can provide a restoring force that biases the movable reflector to a resting position. The IMOD can include one or more restoring force modifiers that are configured to increase the restoring force when engaged. The restoring force modifiers can be between the movable reflector and the deformable elements such that the deformable elements contact the restoring force modifiers when the movable reflector is displaced to a contacting position.

Abstract: A transflective liquid crystal display panel is disclosed and comprises a color-filter substrate, an array substrate, and blue-phase liquid crystal filled between the color-filter substrate and the array substrate, and the transflective liquid crystal display panel further comprises: a common electrode, formed on the color-filter substrate; transparent protrusions, formed in a transmissive region and a reflective region of each pixel unit of the array substrate; reflective portions, formed on the transparent protrusions respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thin-film element (30) having an interference layer structure for security papers, value documents and the like, having at least two semitransparent absorber layers (34, 38) and at least one dielectric spacing layer (36) arranged between the at least two absorber layers. According to the present invention, it is provided that the two absorber layers (34, 38) are each formed from a material having a complex refractive index N whose real part n and imaginary part k differ at least in a portion of the visible spectral range by a factor of 5 or more.

Abstract: An optical spectrum filtering device, e.g., color filter, having reduced angle dependence is provided that comprises an interference filter assembly comprising a high refractive index dielectric material, such as a Fabry-Perot based resonator structure. The filter assembly is capable of transmitting a portion of an electromagnetic spectrum into the dielectric material to generate a filtered output with a predetermined range of wavelengths that displays minimal angle dependence, when viewed from a range of incidence angles ranging from normal (0°) to 90°. Methods of making minimal angle dependent optical spectrum filters and reducing angle dependence for such devices are also provided.

Abstract: A multilayer optical filter is provided for an integrated circuit including a substrate and a metallization layer interconnection part. The optical filter is formed from a first filter part located within the interconnection part and positioned over a photosensitive region of the substrate. The optical filter further includes a second filter part positioned above the first filter part and the interconnection part. The first and second filter parts each include a metal layer. The first and second filter parts are separated from each other as a function of a wavelength in vacuum of an optical signal to be filtered and received by the photosensitive region.

Abstract: Method and laser oscillator for the generation of a laser beam—According to the invention with a view to adjusting, inside said laser oscillator (1), the phase of each of the N elementary laser beams (FLE.1, FLE.2, FLE.N) generated on the basis of said laser oscillator (1) in such a way that said elementary laser beams are in phase, the deviation between the phase of an individual elementary laser beam (FLE.1) and the phases of the N?1 other elementary laser beams (FLE.2, FLE.N) is converted into a level of luminous intensity by means of at least one optical filtering element to which at least a part of each elementary laser beam is directed.

Abstract: A dual-frequency ultrasound transducer, comprising a piezo-electric element bonded to a substrate, has two resonant vibration modes: a low frequency mechanical bending resonance mode and a relatively high frequency thickness resonance mode. The low frequency bending resonance mode occurs when the piezo-electric element is excited, in use, by a voltage which includes a low frequency oscillating component. The high frequency thickness resonance mode occurs when the piezo-electric element is excited, in use, by a voltage which includes a relatively high frequency oscillating component. The transducer may include a mounting arrangement, such as a support ring securing the periphery of the substrate to an underlying base layer that enhances the depth of penetration and focus of the ultrasound.

Abstract: Display devices with high dynamic ranges approaching the limitations of the human eye are discussed herein. High dynamic range projections systems may be 2D or 3D and devices may or may not be implemented with polarization preserving optics for high efficiency. In one embodiment, 2D HDR projection systems may compensate the modulator for varying transmission and contrast versus field of view. In another embodiment, 3D HDR projection systems may include a global or pixelated/segmented modulator. The global or pixelated/segmented modulator may be included in a stereoscopic polarization switch or in a polarization-preserving stereoscopic projection system. Additionally, a combination of global/global or pixelated/pixelated, or global/pixelated modulators may be used.

Abstract: A window glazing (10) suitable for use in automotive applications wherein a switchable film (18) is protected from UV exposure and over-temperature exposure by a coating (14) that reflects IR and UV light in combination with an interlayer (16) that absorbs UV light.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light emitting device. The light emitting device includes a light emitting structure layer including a first semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second semiconductor layer, an electrode electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer, an electrode layer under the light emitting structure layer, and a conductive support member under the electrode layer. A channel layer is between the second semiconductor layer and the electrode layer. A protrusion projected from at least one of edges of the conductive support member includes and having a rough surface.

Abstract: A first clock modulator branches a light beam, varies a phase difference of the resulting light beams according to a first clock, and causes interference of the light beams. A second clock modulator branches a light beam from the first clock modulator and synchronized with the first clock, varies a phase difference of the resulting light beams according to a second clock, and causes interference of the light beams. A third clock modulator branches a light beam from the first clock modulator and inversely synchronized with the first clock, varies a phase difference of the resulting light beams according to a third clock, and causes interference of the light beams. The second clock and the first clock have identical cycles and differing phases. The third clock and the second clock have phases that differ by a 1/2 cycle. Four data modulators modulate the light beams from the clock modulators.

Abstract: One embodiment is directed towards a stabilized laser including a laser to produce light at a frequency and a resonator coupled to the laser such that the light from the laser circulates therethrough. The laser also includes Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) feedback electronics configured to adjust the frequency of the light from the laser to reduce phase noise in response to light sensed at the reflection port of the resonator and transmission port feedback electronics configured to adjust the frequency of the light from the laser toward resonance of the resonator at the transmission port in response to the light sensed at the transmission port of the resonator, wherein the transmission port feedback electronics adjust the frequency at a rate at least ten times slower than the PDH feedback electronics.

Abstract: A low Z-height projection system includes a display panel for displaying a grating pattern that has gratings extended in a first direction. A projection lens system is also included and projects the grating pattern displayed on the display panel onto a surface. The projection lens system is a truncated circular lens system that has a first lens width in the first direction and a second lens width in a second direction. The first lens width is less than the second lens width. The first and second directions are orthogonal.

Abstract: One exemplary metamaterial is formed from a plurality of individual unit cells, at least a portion of which have a different permeability than others. The plurality of individual unit cells are arranged to provide a metamaterial having a gradient index along at least one axis. Such metamaterials can be used to form lenses, for example.

Abstract: An optical modulator unit, an optical modulator, and a method of fabricating are provided. The optical modulator unit includes a first contact layer transmitting infrared rays, a lower reflection layer disposed on the first contact layer, an active layer, including a multiple quantum well, disposed on the lower reflection layer, and an upper reflection layer disposed on the active layer. The optical modulator includes a plurality of optical modulator units sharing the first contact layer. The method includes sequentially stacking a first contact layer, a lower reflection layer, an active layer, an upper reflection layer, and a second contact layer on a substrate; etching the second contact layer, the upper reflection layer, the active layer, and the lower reflection layer, exposing a surface of the first contact layer; forming a first electrode on the first contact layer; and forming a second electrode on the second contact layer.

Abstract: A structure for measuring energy absorption by a surface plasmon receptor or NFT on a waveguide comprises a first waveguide, a first input grating for coupling light comprising a first wavelength into the first waveguide, a first output grating for coupling light out of the first waveguide, a first plurality of surface plasmon receptors in cooperation with the first waveguide to receive light energy and located between the first input grating and the first output grating. The structure may further comprise a second waveguide, a second input grating for coupling light into the second waveguide, a second output grating for coupling light out of the second waveguide, a second plurality of surface plasmon receptors between the second input grating and the second output grating and in cooperation with the second waveguide to receive light energy, wherein the second plurality may be less than or greater than the first plurality.

Abstract: To efficiently apply jitter to an optical signal using a simple configuration, provided is an optical signal output apparatus that outputs an optical pulse pattern signal including jitter, the optical signal generating apparatus comprising a light source section that outputs an optical signal having an optical frequency corresponding to a frequency control signal; an optical modulation section that modulates the optical signal output by the light source section, according to a designated pulse pattern; and an optical jitter generating section that delays an optical signal passed by the optical modulation section according to the optical frequency, to apply jitter to the optical signal.

Abstract: A display system includes an optical light source and a display panel with an array of optically excitable pixels. Optics are positioned between the optical light source and the display panel so as to direct light from the optical light source toward the display panel to cause the optically excitable pixels to emit a visible image.

Abstract: A package structure and method of packaging for an interferometric modulator. A thin film material is deposited over an interferometric modulator and transparent substrate to encapsulate the interferometric modulator. A gap or cavity between the interferometric modulator and the thin film provides a space in which mechanical parts of the interferometric modulator may move. The gap is created by removal of a sacrificial layer that is deposited over the interferometric modulator.

Abstract: An interference modulator (IMod) incorporates anti-reflection coatings and/or micro-fabricated supplemental lighting sources. An efficient drive scheme is provided for matrix addressed arrays of IMods or other micromechanical devices. An improved color scheme provides greater flexibility. Electronic hardware can be field reconfigured to accommodate different display formats and/or application functions. An IMod's electromechanical behavior can be decoupled from its optical behavior. An improved actuation means is provided, some one of which may be hidden from view. An IMod or IMod array is fabricated and used in conjunction with a MEMS switch or switch array. An IMod can be used for optical switching and modulation. Some IMods incorporate 2-D and 3-D photonic structures. A variety of applications for modulation of light are discussed. A MEMS manufacturing and packaging approach is provided based on continuous web fed process.

Abstract: Optical modulator having wide bandwidth based on Fabry-Perot resonant reflection is disclosed. The optical modulator includes: a bottom Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) layer; a top DBR layer including at least one layer, and a modified layer; and an active layer disposed between bottom and top DBR layers, wherein the at least one layer includes at least one pair of a first refractive index layer having a first refractive index and a second refractive index layer having a second refractive index, the modified layer includes at least one pair of a third refractive index layer having a third refractive index and a fourth refractive index layer having a fourth refractive index, the third and the fourth refractive indexes being different, and at least one of the third and the fourth refractive index layers has a second optical thickness that is not ?/4 or that is not an odd multiple thereof.

Abstract: A MEMS device may be package with a desiccant to provide a moisture-free environment. In order to avoid undesirable effects on the MEMS device, the desiccant may be selected or treated so as to be compatible with a particular MEMS device. This treatment may include baking of the desiccant to as to cause outgassing of moisture or other undesirable material. The structure of the MEMS device may also be altered to improve compatibility with particular desiccants.

Abstract: By selectively placing color filters with different transmittance spectrums on an array of modulator elements each having the same reflectance spectrum, a resultant reflectance spectrum for each modulator element and it's respective color filter is created. In one embodiment, the modulator elements in an array are manufactured by the same process so that each modulator element has a reflectance spectrum that includes multiple reflectivity lines. Color filters corresponding to multiple colors, such as red, green, and blue, for example, may be selectively associated with these modulator elements in order to filter out a desired wavelength range for each modulator element and provide a multiple color array. Because the modulator elements are manufactured by the same process, each of the modulator elements is substantially the same and common voltage levels may be used to activate and deactivate selected modulation.

Abstract: A display system 1 is composed of a ghost image reducing device 100 and an image device 10. The ghost image reducing device 100 comprises an image reflecting element 110 and a polarizing element 120. The image reflecting element 110 includes a substrate 112 and a phase modulating element 114 which is adjacent to the substrate 112 and has a reflecting surface 114a. The image device 10 generates a polarized image light P1 which is received by the reflecting surface 114a. Then, a portion of the polarized image light P1 is reflected by the reflecting surface 114a for producing a first reflecting polarized image light P2, another portion of the polarized light P1 is projected into the phase modulating element 114 and reflected by the substrate 112 for producing a second reflecting polarized image light S2 whose polarizing direction is different from that of the first reflecting polarized image light P2.

Abstract: An interference modulator (Imod) incorporates anti-reflection coatings and/or micro-fabricated supplemental lighting sources. An efficient drive scheme is provided for matrix addressed arrays of IMods or other micromechanical devices. An improved color scheme provides greater flexibility. Electronic hardware can be field reconfigured to accommodate different display formats and/or application functions. An IMod's electromechanical behavior can be decoupled from its optical behavior. An improved actuation means is provided, some one of which may be hidden from view. An IMod or IMod array is fabricated and used in conjunction with a MEMS switch or switch array. An IMod can be used for optical switching and modulation. Some IMods incorporate 2-D and 3-D photonic structures. A variety of applications for the modulation of light are discussed. A MEMS manufacturing and packaging approach is provided based on a continuous web fed process.

Abstract: Provided is an organic light-emitting display device that can display a full color image by forming a simple structure of light-emitting layers and a method of manufacturing the same. The organic light-emitting display device includes a substrate; a first electrode layer formed on the substrate; a second electrode layer which is formed above the first electrode layer and faces the first electrode layer; and a light-emitting layer interposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises first and second light-emitting layers respectively corresponding to first and second pixels having different colors from each other, and the first light-emitting layer is commonly formed in the first and second pixels, and the second light-emitting layer is formed in the second pixel.