Abstract: Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer, which are in direct contact with one another. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices. In addition to the improved electrochromic devices and methods for fabrication, integrated deposition systems for forming such improved devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is an electrochromic device which is provided with a first electrode; an electrochromic layer which is disposed on the first electrode, while containing an organic/metal hybrid polymer that contains at least an organic ligand and a metal ion to which the organic ligand is coordinated; an electrolyte layer which is disposed on the electrochromic layer; a counter electrode material layer which is disposed on the electrolyte layer and contains a conductive polymer; and a second electrode which is disposed on the counter electrode material layer. The conductive polymer may be at least one polymer that is selected from the group consisting of polypyrroles, polyanilines, polythiophenes, poly(p-phenylene)s, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate)s (PEDOT:PSS), polyfluorenes, poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s, polythienylenevinylenes and organic/metal hybrid polymers.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an electrochromic device includes a single active layer configured to be alternately placed in a light-transmitting state in which relatively large amounts of light can be transmitted through the active layer and a light-blocking state in which relatively small amounts of light can be transmitted through the active layer, wherein the device comprises no other layers of material that contribute to transitioning between the two states.

Abstract: Process for forming a multi-layer electrochromic structure, the process comprising depositing a film of a liquid mixture onto a surface of a substrate, and treating the deposited film to form an anodic electrochromic layer, the liquid mixture comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the dispersed phase comprising metal oxide particles, metal alkoxide particles, metal alkoxide oligomers, gels or particles, or a combination thereof having a number average size of at least 5 nm.

Abstract: A driver for an electrically dynamic structure may store and release energy during polarity cycling to improve the energy efficiency of operation. In some examples, the driver includes an energy storage element. In operation, the driver can charge an electrically controllable optically active material to a first operating voltage at a first polarity and subsequently discharge the optically active material during polarity reversal. The driver may store energy released from the optically active material during discharging and subsequently release the energy to charge the optically active material to a second operating voltage at a second polarity different than the first polarity.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic element, which contains: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an electrolyte provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode contains a polymer product obtained through polymerization of an electrochromic composition where the electrochromic composition contains a radical polymerizable compound containing triarylamine.

Abstract: A display screen for an electronic device having an under-screen fingerprint collection component includes a substrate, and a color shifting layer arranged to the substrate The color shifting layer is made of a photochromic material. The color shifting layer covers at least a portion of the substrate corresponding to the under-screen fingerprint collection component.

Abstract: There is provided a display device having an electrochromic element placed in the display device. The electrochromic element has: a light transmittance of 70% or more and a light reflectance of 20% or less at a central wavelength of a visible spectrum when in a transparent state; and a light reflectance of 65% or more at the central wavelength of the visible spectrum when in a mirror state. By this, the display device is not only highly effective in terms of light-shielding, heat blocking, screening, etc., but is also switchable between a transmissive type and a reflective type.

Abstract: Process for forming a multi-layer electrochromic structure, the process comprising depositing a film of a liquid mixture onto a surface of a substrate, and treating the deposited film to form an anodic electrochromic layer, the liquid mixture comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the dispersed phase comprising metal oxide particles, metal alkoxide particles, metal alkoxide oligomers, gels or particles, or a combination thereof having a number average size of at least 5 nm.

Abstract: An electro-chromic device including a solid or quasi-solid electrolyte layer is disclosed. The electrolyte layer may be a composite polymeric electrolyte layer. The polymeric electrolyte layer may be a conductive transparent adhesive or an optically transparent cured electrolyte. The electrolyte layer may also be a porous optically transparent membrane impregnated or embedded with an electrolytic material. Methods for forming solid or quasi-solid electrolyte layers in-situ in electro-chromic devices are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a solid touchchromic device. The solid touchchromic device may include a conducting polymer or a conducting polymer composite film, a conducting plate, and a solid layer of a polymer-based electrolyte, the conducting plate being at least partially coated by the conducting polymer or the conducting polymer composite film. The solid touchchromic device may further include an oxidant, a salt, an acid, or a metal. Also included are methods of producing a solid touchchromic device and articles including a solid touchchromic device.

Abstract: An electro-chromic device including a solid or quasi-solid electrolyte layer is disclosed. The electrolyte layer may be a composite polymeric electrolyte layer. The polymeric electrolyte layer may be a conductive transparent adhesive or an optically transparent cured electrolyte. The electrolyte layer may also be a porous optically transparent membrane impregnated or embedded with an electrolytic material. Methods for forming solid or quasi-solid electrolyte layers in-situ in electro-chromic devices are also provided.

Abstract: A vehicle composite pane with an integrated light sensor is disclosed. The vehicle composite pane includes an outer pane and an inner pane that are bonded to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer. A plurality of photodiodes situated on a circuit board are arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane. The photodiodes are surface-mounted device (SMD) components. The photodiodes are arranged on the circuit board as groups of parallel connected photodiodes. All groups of the parallel connected photodiodes are connected to a common electrical input and each group is connected to a separate electrical output.

Abstract: Reversible phase transitions of exceptional magnitude may be induced in correlated metal oxides by altering their chemical compositions through reversible introduction of dopant ions and electronic carriers into the correlated metal oxides. One or more catalyst electrodes may be deposited onto a surface of a film of a correlated metal oxide such as a perovskite or a transition metal oxide. Dopant ions and electronic carriers may be electrochemically introduced into the catalyst-deposited correlated metal oxide, for example by annealing the catalyst-deposited film of correlated metal oxide in a chamber containing the dopant molecules. In this way, a reversible phase transition of about five to eight orders of magnitude may be induced.

Abstract: A method for producing a stacked electrode of an embodiment includes preparing a multi-layered graphene film, applying a dispersion liquid of metal nanowires onto the multi-layered graphene film, and removing a solvent from the dispersion liquid to prepare a metal wiring on the multi-layered graphene film.

Abstract: An electrochromic (EC) privacy window includes an EC pane unit including a first EC device having a bright state and a dark state, and a privacy device facing the EC pane unit and having a bright state and a privacy state configured to attenuate visible radiation transmitted through the window. In some embodiments, when the privacy device is in the privacy state, the window has transmitted haze of greater that 80%. In other embodiments, when the privacy device is in the privacy state and the first EC device is in the dark state, the window has a visible transmittance of about 0.1% or less.

Abstract: An electrochemical mirror is provided. The electrochemical mirror includes a first transparent electrode; a second transparent electrode spaced apart from the first transparent electrode; and an electrolyte layer formed of an electrolyte, and disposed between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, wherein the electrolyte includes an electro-depositable metal ion; a halogenated ionic liquid; and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a compound having a sulfonate functional group and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: An electrochromic element, includes: a pair of electrodes (3, 5); and an electrochromic layer (7) disposed between the pair of electrodes (3, 5), the electrochromic element being controlled in transmittance by pulse width modulation, in which: the electrochromic layer (7) contains at least one of two or more kinds of anode electrochromic materials, or two or more kinds of cathode electrochromic materials; and all of one of the anode electrochromic materials and the cathode electrochromic materials have an equal molecular length, or have a molecular length ratio of (large molecular length)/(small molecular length) of 1.4 or less, the electrochromic element being such that even when a driving environment temperature changes, its gradation can be controlled under a state in which its absorption spectrum is retained.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic display device, including: a pair of electrodes facing each other; an electrochromic layer provided to one of the pair of electrodes: and an electrolytic solution layer provided between the electrodes facing each other, wherein the electrochromic display device includes an yttrium-containing metal oxide layer between the electrochromic layer and the electrode to which the electrochromic layer is provided.

Abstract: A method of forming a coating that includes depositing a multicomponent glass layer on a polymer substrate and depositing a heat absorbing layer on the multicomponent glass layer. Inducing spinodal decomposition of the multicomponent glass layer by annealing the heat absorbing layer, and etching at least one of a phase separated component of the multicomponent glass layer. The spinodal decomposition may be achieved through a pulse thermal or electromagnetic assisted annealing process. The coating may then be used as a hydrophilic surface, or may be fluorinated using conventional methods to produce the superhydrophobic coating.

Abstract: A transparent conductive film including metal nanowires and a colored compound adsorbed by the metal nanowires is provided. The metal nanowires are a material which absorbs light in the visible light region, and also each has a functional group which is bound to a metal constituting the metal nanowire.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic display device, including: a pair of electrodes facing each other; an electrochromic layer provided to one of the pair of electrodes: and an electrolytic solution layer provided between the electrodes facing each other, wherein the electrochromic display device includes an yttrium-containing metal oxide layer between the electrochromic layer and the electrode to which the electrochromic layer is provided.

Abstract: Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically-insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically-insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices. In various embodiments, a counter electrode is fabricated to include a base anodically coloring material and one or more additives.

Abstract: Provided is a complex display device Including a first substrate and an opposed second substrate, a first electrode, an electrochromic layer, a common electrode, an emission part and a second electrode, laminated between the first substrate and the second substrate one by one, and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the electrochromic layer, or between the electrochromic layer and the common electrode. The organic layer of the complex display device may include at least one of a hole injection material, a hole transport material and a mixture thereof, or at least one of an electron injection material, an electron transport material or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lithium secondary battery including (i) a cathode active material including a lithium metal phosphate according to Formula 1 below, (ii) an anode active material including amorphous carbon, and (iii) an electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries including a lithium salt and an ether-based solvent, Li1+aM(PO4-b)Xb??(1) wherein M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Group II to XII metals, X is at least one selected from F, S, and N, ?0.5?a?+0.5, and 0?b?0.1.

Abstract: An emissive display system includes an electro-optic device having a first substantially transparent substrate. A second substantially transparent substrate is spaced apart from the first substrate to define a cavity therebetween. An electro-optic medium is disposed within the cavity and is variably transmissive such that the electro-optic device is operable between substantially clear and darkened states, and includes at least one solvent, at least one anodic material, and at least one cathodic material. One or more spacing members are deposited on one of the first substrate and the second substrate and are configured to maintain a cell spacing between the first and second substrates. The one or more spacing members at least substantially dissolve upon association with the electro-optic medium. A substantially transparent light emitting display is operably coupled to the electro-optic device, which is in the darkened state when the light emitting display is emitting light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a transparent conductive film in a form of complex multi-layer film comprising at least one layer using a silver complex compound having special structure and an organic acid metal salt. The method for producing the transparent conductive film, using one or more solution processes, comprises steps of (1) forming a transparent layer over a transparent substrate to improve transmittance; and (2) forming the conductive layer allowing conductivity, and further comprises a step of (3) forming a protective layer to prevent a change over time of the conductive layer. According to the present invention, it is possible to achieve large-scaled transparent conductive film having excellent conductivity and transmittance, as well as simple processes.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic display element, including a display substrate, a display electrode, an electrochromic layer, an opposed electrode, and an opposed substrate, wherein the electrochromic layer is formed on the display electrode, a liquid crystal composition that includes a low-molecular liquid crystal and an ionic liquid is present between the display electrode and the opposed electrode, and the ionic liquid includes a tetracyanoboric acid ion and/or tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphoric acid ion as an anionic component.

Abstract: An implantable micro-miniature device is disclosed. The device comprises a thin hermetic insulating coating and at least one thin polymer or metal secondary coating over the hermetic insulating layer in order to protect the insulating layer from the erosive action of body fluids or the like. In one embodiment the insulating layer is ion beam assisted deposited (IBAD) alumina and the secondary coating is a parylene polymer. The device may be a small electronic device such as a silicon integrated circuit chip. The thickness of the insulating layer may be ten microns or less and the thickness of the secondary layer may be between about 0.1 and about 15 microns.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to electrochromic systems comprising an electrochromic glazing or insulated glazing unit, a photovoltaic module for supplying power to the electrochromic glazing or IGU, and an electronics module in communication either the electrochromic glazing and/or photovoltaic module.

Abstract: Colored metalorganic fluids for electrowetting, electrofluidic, and electrophoretic devices are disclosed. The colored fluid can include a polar or nonpolar solvent including silicon and/or germanium and a modified, oligomeric, or polymeric dye. The dye includes a chromophore attached to a low molecular weight group with molecular weight 10 to 800 or an oligomeric or polymeric chain, which includes silicon and/or germanium. The dye has a molecular weight from 100 to 100,000, solubility in the solvent of at least 5% wt at 25° C., and a dynamic viscosity from 0.5 cPs to 2,000 cPs at 25° C. If the solvent is polar, the fluid has a conductivity from about 0.01 pS/cm to 3000 pS/cm, a surface tension of 15 dynes/cm to 90 dynes/cm at 25° C., and a total content of monatomic ions with radii smaller than 2.0 A and polyatomic ions with radii smaller than 1.45 A less than 500 ppm.

Abstract: Variable transmittance optical filters capable of transitioning from a light state to a dark state on exposure to UV radiation and from a dark state to a light state with application of an electric voltage are provided. The optical filters comprise a switching material that comprises one or more chromophores that have electrochromic and photochromic properties.

Abstract: A display device (100A) includes a first substrate (11) and second substrate (41) that are placed so as to face each other; active color filter layers (32) which are placed between the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (41), which have memory properties, and which become in a colored state or an uncolored state depending on the voltage applied thereto; and a light-modulating layer (17) for controlling the intensity or degree of scattering of light incident on the active color filter layers (32) or the intensity or degree of scattering of light passing through the active color filter layers (32).

Abstract: An all-solid electrochromic device with controlled infrared reflection or emission, in particular of electro-controllable type, comprising a stack successively comprising from a back face (3) as far as a front face (1) exposed to infrared radiation (2): a substrate (4) made of an electron-conducting material, or a substrate made of a non-electron-conducting material coated with a layer made of an electron-conducting material, forming a first electrode; a layer made of a first proton storage electrochromic material (5); a layer of a proton-conducting and electron-insulating electrolyte (6); a bilayer comprising a layer of a non-electrochromic, sub-stoichiometric tungsten oxide WO3-y forming a second electrode; said tungsten oxide WO3-y layer being arranged underneath a layer with variable infrared reflection of a second electrochromic material with variable proton intercalation rate, chosen from among crystallized tungsten oxide HxWO3-c and hydrated crystallized tungsten oxide HxWO3.

Abstract: Onboard EC window controllers are described. The controllers are configured in close proximity to the EC window, for example, within the IGU. The controller may be part of a window assembly, which includes an IGU having one or more EC panes, and thus does not have to be matched with the EC window, and installed, in the field. The window controllers described herein have a number of advantages because they are matched to the IGU containing one or more EC devices and their proximity to the EC panes of the window overcomes a number of problems associated with conventional controller configurations.

Abstract: Embodiments provided herein describe electrochromic devices and methods for forming electrochromic devices. The electrochromic devices include a transparent substrate, a transparent conducting oxide layer coupled to the transparent substrate, and a layer of electrochromic material coupled to the transparent conducting oxide layer. The transparent conducting oxide layer includes indium and zinc.

Abstract: Electrochromic windows powered by wireless power transmission are described, particularly, the combination of low-defectivity, highly-reliable solid state electrochromic windows with wireless power transmission. Wireless power transmission networks which incorporate electrochromic windows are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid-liquid composite material, a manufacturing method and an application of the same. Liquid-phase material, solid-phase material, and solvent are distributed to form a distributed system. The solid-phase material and liquid-phase material in the solvent can be suspensions, emulsions, microemulsions, colloids, or solutions. A portion or all of the solvent is removed to produce the solid-liquid composite material. The liquid-phase material is approximately equal to 1%˜80% of the total mass of the solid-liquid composite material. The porosity of the solid-phase material is approximately equal to 10%˜80% in the solid-liquid composite material. The specific surface area of the porous material is approximately equal to 50˜2000 cm2/cm3. The field-chromatic material is added to the solid-liquid composite material to form a field-chromatic device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a switchable infrared ray-visible ray reflection electrochemical mirror having high electrochemical stability and bistability, in which a stripping phenomenon of a metal thin film can be prevented and bistability can be improved through a process of increasing electrochemical stability of a reflective film from an electrode composition and an ionic liquid electrolyte composition having various compositions. In the proposed electrochemical mirror apparatus, since the metal thin film formed by electric reduction is not stripped from a transparent electrode through a surface treatment process, a more stable apparatus can be provided, and even though a voltage is not applied to the metal thin film, the thin film is prevented from being oxidized by using an optimized ionic liquid electrolyte, thus providing the effective electrochemical mirror apparatus where the metal thin film is continuously maintained.

Abstract: The disclosure includes producing a plastic lens with an antireflection film at a lower cost. The plastic lens is configured to include a plastic base material; and an antireflection film having an electrically conductive layer that is formed in contact with a surface of the plastic base material and that has colorless transparency, and an antireflection film main body that contains a metal oxide, formed on the electrically conductive layer.

Abstract: An electrochromic device (1) comprises a layered structure (11) having an ion conducting electrolyte layer (20). The ion conducting electrolyte layer (20) in turn comprises particles (30) absorbing electromagnetic radiation. The particles (30) are electrically conducting. The particles have a main light absorption above 700 nm.

Abstract: The present invention is related to an electrochemical processor, which comprises two electrodes of different electrochemical potential, which are bridged via an electrolyte. Upon, completion of the electric circuit between the two electrodes, the second electrode is oxidized and therefore changed in at least one physical parameter, e.g. the second electrode becomes transparent. The electrochemical processor is characterized in that the surface of the second electrode, which is in contact with the electrolyte, is partially covered with an electrically insulating material, wherein this material is adjacent to the electrolyte. Moreover, the present invention relates to the use of this electrochemical processor and a method of composing such electrochemical processor.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte composition including a metal salt and at least one polymer comprising a poly(glycidyl ether), where the at least one polymer is amorphous at ambient temperature. The poly(glycidyl ether) polymer can be a blend of poly(glycidyl ether) polymers, can be a poly(glycidyl ether) polymer blended with a mechanically strong solid polymer, and can be a block of a block copolymer that also includes a polymer block forming a mechanically strong solid polymer.

Abstract: Variable-emittance, electrochromic devices utilizing IR-active conducting polymers and methods of preparing the same are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic display element, including a display substrate, an opposed substrate that is opposed to the display substrate, an opposed electrode being formed at a display-substrate-opposed side of the opposed substrate, a first display electrode and a first electrochromic layer being laminated at an opposed-substrate-opposed side of the display substrate, a single porous film being formed between the display substrate and the opposed substrate, a second display electrode and a second electrochromic layer being laminated at a display-substrate-opposed side of the porous film, a third display electrode and a third electrochromic layer being laminated at an opposed-substrate-opposed side of the porous film, and an electrolyte being present between the display substrate and the opposed substrate.

Abstract: The present subject matter can include a two-dimensional electrochemical writing assembly and uses thereof. The writing assembly can enable for time-dependently displaying of a physical parameter, such as a time-dependent display or recording of the temperature. The writing assembly comprises two different types of electrochemical processors, of which one type is used for controlling the time-dependent switching of the second type of electrochemical processors used in the writing assembly.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention relates to electrochemical devices including an electrochemically active layer having the ability of electrochemically altering its redox state. By providing a portion of an electrode of corrosion resistant material between an electrolyte and an electrochemically active layer, undesired discoloration due to the electrochemical reaction of an electrochemical device is reduced.

Abstract: An all-solid-state reflective dimming electrochromic element having a multilayer film formed on a transparent substrate, which is characterized in that the multilayer film has a multilayer structure comprising at least a transparent conductive film layer, an ion storage layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a buffer layer, a catalyst layer, a reflective dimming layer, and a protective layer formed on the transparent substrate, and which is sealed with the protective layer, and a dimming member comprising the same are provided.

Abstract: Provided is a display device using electrowetting including a reservoir layer in which a reservoir for storing oil and transparent water-soluble liquid is formed. A first electrode and a second electrode may be formed on an upper surface of the reservoir layer and on an inner wall of the reservoir, respectively.

Abstract: An electrochromic device that is capable of changing the transmission of either visible or infrared radiations as a function of the polarity of a voltage applied to the device.