Abstract: A method and device for providing a dual-sided display device having increased viewability are provided. A display device includes a dual-sided display assembly and a power supply. The dual-sided display assembly includes a first viewable side and a second viewable side. A first electrochromic layer is formed over the first viewable side and a second electrochromic layer is formed over the second viewable side. Each of the first electrochromic layer and the second electrochromic layer are switchable between a substantially transparent state and a substantially reflective state upon application of a switching voltage from the power supply, the state being selected based on an operational configuration of the display device.

Abstract: An electrochromic compound represented by the following General Formula (1). A-(CX2)n—B ??General Formula (1) In the formula, A is a monovalent binding group, B is a redox chromophore, X is a halogen atom, and n is an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: An electrochromic compound having in the molecule at least an adsorbable group, a redox chromophore and a spacer portion, and represented by the following General Formula (1): wherein A represents the adsorbable group, C represents the redox chromophore, and X represents the spacer portion represented by the following formula; wherein R1 and R3 each represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic derivative group, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group.

Abstract: A solid-state electronic electrochromic device (ECD) operates electronically rather than relying on the ionic motion that is common in electrochromic devices. The electronic ECD has at least one active layer sandwiched between two electrodes. The active layer is made of mixed metal oxides and may be made of a mixture of tungsten and praseodymium oxides. The electronic ECD may have only a single active layer, or may have multiple layers that have the same composition and that are separated by thin transparent metal films. Some versions of the electronic ECD incorporate a distribution of small metal particles within the active layer.

Abstract: A flexible electrochromic device is disclosed, the device including a flexible substrate with at least one electrically conductive surface, and an electrochromic layer comprising particles of water-insoluble metal ferrocyanide with an average particle size less than about one micron, and polymer, the electrochromic layer deposited on a conductive surface of the flexible substrate, wherein the device is capable of being deformed and returned to “flatness” in an undamaged state.

Abstract: An electrochromic mirror 10 has a simple construction wherein only two layers of films, namely an electrochromic film 14 and an electrically conductive light reflecting film 16 are formed on a glass substrate 12, and a film thickness and film quality and the like of the electrochromic film 14 and the electrically conductive light reflecting film 16 hardly affects performance. Therefore, this leads to easy manufacturing at low cost. Further, since the electrochromic mirror has such a construction that light introduced from a surface side of the glass substrate 12 is reflected by the electrically conductive light reflecting film 16 formed on a back of this glass substrate 12, occurrence of a double image is prevented.

Abstract: The invention concerns electrochromic compounds of the general formula I. These compounds may be used in electrochromic devices, especially electrochromic devices comprising nanostructured films.

Abstract: The present invention provides an all-solid-state reflection-controllable electrochromic device and a reflection-controllable member using that device, and the present invention relates to the all-solid-state reflection-controllable electrochromic device, which is a reflection-controllable device in which a multilayer thin film is formed on a transparent base material, wherein, at least a transparent conductive film layer, an ion storage layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a catalyst layer and a reflection-controllable layer using a magnesium-nickel based alloy thin film are formed on the base material; and, a reflection-controllable member incorporating this reflection-controllable electrochromic device, and it is possible to provide a reflection-controllable electrochromic device, having a novel multilayer structure with high transmissivity when transparent and capable of switching in a short period of time over a large surface area, and a reflection-controllable member incorporating this device.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic device (ECD) that includes: a first transparent electrode having a first substrate having thereon a first electrically conductive layer; a second transparent electrode having a second substrate having thereon a second electrically conductive layer; a first polymeric layer on the first transparent electrode, wherein the first polymeric layer includes a cathodic electrochromic polymer and a first non-electrochromic polymeric matrix; a second polymeric layer on the second transparent electrode, wherein the second polymeric layer includes an anodic electrochromic polymer and a second non-electrochromic polymeric matrix; and an electrolyte layer disposed between the first polymeric layer and the second polymeric layer. Also provided is a process of producing the ECDs, as well as the electrochromic layers themselves.

Abstract: Electrochromic arrangement containing an anionic polyelectrolyte that has been neutralized with lithium and can be applied from aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an electrochromic cell comprising a layer (4) of electrochromic material to which an electrolyte layer (3) is applied, means (7, 8, 9) being designed to establish a potential difference between these layers; said electrolyte comprises at least one compound of general formula: Na1+xZr2SixP3?xO12??(1) in which x is chosen to respond to the following conditions: 1, 6?x?2, 4. The present invention also concerns a glass pane or a rear-view mirror including such a cell.

Abstract: Syntheses of a new blue EC monomer (ProDOT-MePro), and a new red EC monomer (ProDOP-Et2) are described. Two additional new types of EC monomers based on 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene include fluorinated EC monomers and an EC monomer including silicon. EC polymer devices having more than one different color EC polymer to enable additional colors to be provided using subtractive color mixing are also described, as well as EC polymer devices incorporating a logo, image, or text, are generally obscured when the device is colored, but become visible when the device is not colored. Also described are EC polymer devices that include a cathodic EC polymer layer, a gel electrolyte, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. Working prototypes of such devices exhibit significant increases in the speed of transition of the EC device from a colored state to a transparent state.

Abstract: A vehicular signal mirror includes a reflective mirror element comprising a mirror reflector on a light-transmitting substrate. The visible light reflectance is at least about 40% for visible light incident upon the front side of the reflective mirror element. A turn signal light display and/or a blind-spot indicator light display is disposed to the rear of the reflective mirror element and configured so that the light emitted by the light display passes through the reflective mirror element to be viewed by a viewer viewing from the front of the reflective mirror element. The light display exhibits, when electrically powered and when operated in the vehicle during day time driving conditions, a display luminance of at least about 60 foot lamberts as measured with the light display placed behind, and emitting light through, the reflective mirror element.

Abstract: A solid-state electronic electrochromic device (ECD) operates electronically rather than relying on the ionic motion that is common in electrochromic devices. The electronic ECD has at least one active layer sandwiched between two electrodes. The active layer is made of mixed metal oxides and may be made of a mixture of tungsten and praseodymium oxides. The electronic ECD may have only a single active layer, or may have multiple layers that have the same composition and that are separated by thin transparent metal films. Some versions of the electronic ECD incorporate a distribution of small metal particles within the active layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to material systems wherein electrochemical and/or photochemical parallel reactions are completely avoided by stabilising structural modifications, or repressed by orders of magnitude as a result of the structural modifications. The invention also relates to polymer 4,4?-bipyridinium structures, to formulations based on the structures and used for electrochromic active layers, and to the use of 4,4?-bipyridinium structures for producing organic electrochromic displays.

Abstract: An electrochromic device is disclosed, including two electrochromic elements, which are switched in a time separated manner. Each electrochromic element is arranged of electrochemically active material, and connected to a counter layer by a solidified electrolyte. In at least one embodiment, the electrochromic device further includes at least one resistive device which restricts the electrochemical reaction of one of the electrochromic element, such that a color of this electrochromic element is not substantially altered until the other electrochromic element is reacted to a predetermined extent.

Abstract: An electrochromic display element includes a pair of counter electrodes having therebetween an electrochromic compound represented by Formula (1), wherein the electrochromic compound becomes colored when being oxidized and becomes colorless when being reduced by a driving operation of the electrodes: wherein R1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; and R2 and R3 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; X represents >N—R4, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; and R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

Abstract: A display apparatus is capable of performing a gradation display and a high-speed low-power-consumption display by controlling the colored state of each pixel to an appropriate state. A driving method for the display apparatus displays images through deposition and dissolution of a metal by impressing a predetermined voltage on each pixel. A voltage pulse or AC voltage having an amplitude of not more than a threshold for deposition of the metal is impressed, and a writing pulse or an erasing pulse is controlled according to the resultant current. Alternatively, an additional writing pulse is impressed when the current is lowered to or below a predetermined value, after the writing. Further, the state of the pixel is detected through the current, and a rewriting operation is selected according to the detected state.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic-inorganic composite material containing a metal oxide, and a functional organic material located on the metal oxide, wherein the functional organic material and the metal oxide are bound via a silanol bond. An aspect that the silanol bond is formed by reacting a silane coupling agent with the metal oxide, and an aspect that the silane coupling agent has a reactive terminal are preferred. The present invention also provides a display electrode for electrochromic display device and electrode for photoelectric conversion device using the organic-inorganic composite material, an electrochromic display device using the display electrode and a photoelectric conversion device using the electrode.

Abstract: An electrochromic device including: (a) a first substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; (b) a second substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; (c) an electrochromic medium contained within a chamber positioned between the first and second substrates which includes: (1) a solvent; (2) an anodic material; and (3) a cathodic material, wherein both of the anodic and cathodic materials are electroactive and at least one of the anodic and cathodic materials is electrochromic; (d) wherein a seal member, the first substrate, the second substrate, and/or the chamber includes a plug associated with a fill port; and (e) wherein the plug is at least partially cured with an antimonate photo initiator and/or is one- or two-part plug which comprises a resin or mixture of resins that are substantially insoluble and/or substantially immiscible with an associated electrochromic medium while in the uncured state.

Abstract: An electrochromic device having an electrochromic medium which includes a compound represented by the following formula: wherein R1-R10 are the same or different and comprise H, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, and/or alkynyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 50 carbon atom(s), wherein the carbon atom(s) may be a linking group to, or part of, a halogen, a N, O, and/or S containing moiety, and/or one or more functional groups comprising alcohols, esters, ammonium salts, phosphonium salts, and combinations thereof; with the proviso that R2 and R7 each comprise at least two carbon atoms, at least one of R2 and R7 comprises less than 2? hydrogen atoms and is void of a benzyl group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing an electrode of an electrochromic display. The method includes, prior to forming a porous nanoelectrode, forming a barrier rib for separating an electrolyte using a photosensitive paste as a material for the barrier rib, in which the photosensitive paste enables formation of patterns through a photolithographic process and maintains its shape at 450° C. to 500° C. The use of the electrode enables fabrication of an electrochromic display that is capable of preventing cross-talk between pixels and has advantages of fast response speed, prolonged lifespan upon repeated use and improved electrochromism, when compared to the case of metal oxide electrodes.

Abstract: A mirror reflective element for an exterior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle includes a mirror substrate having a front surface and a rear surface. The mirror substrate has a first reflector portion and a second reflector portion, with the first reflector portion having a principal reflector portion of the mirror reflective element. The rear surface of the mirror substrate has a curved recess established thereat, and the second curved reflector portion is established at the curved recess. The curved recess has a radius of curvature that is less than a radius of curvature of the first reflector portion, whereby the curved recess, when coated by a reflector coating, provides a wide angle auxiliary reflector portion integrally formed with the mirror reflective element.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrochromic display device having at least a pair of substrate electrodes and an electrolyte solution interposed between the pair of substrate electrodes. One substrate electrode of the pair of substrate electrodes has a porous structure on its surface. A monomolecular film formed of a first molecule that has a functional group that is capable of adsorbing to the porous structure is adsorbed to the porous structure via the functional group of the first molecule. A monomolecular film of a second molecule that has a functional group that is capable of chemically bonding to the first molecule is provided on the monomolecular film formed of the first molecule via a chemical bond between the functional group of the first molecule and the functional group of the second molecule. Further, at least one of the first molecule and the second molecule is an electrochromic dye.

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrochromic device comprising a single supporting substrate (1) on which are disposed a working electrode (6) which is electrochromic per se and/or bears an electrochromic material on at least a portion thereof; a counter electrode (3); and a layer of an electrically insulating material (4) separating the electrodes; wherein said electrochromic material has a major surface at least a portion of which forms at least a portion of an external surface of the device. The new device allows deposition of electrochromic coatings on a variety of substrates which need not be transparent.

Abstract: Electrolyte solutions for electrochromic devices such as rear view mirrors and displays with low leakage currents are prepared using inexpensive, low conductivity conductors. Preferred electrolytes include bifunctional redox dyes and molten salt solvents with enhanced stability toward ultraviolet radiation. The solvents include lithium or quaternary ammonium cations, and perfluorinated sulfonylimide anions selected from trifluoromethylsulfonate (CF3SO3?), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ((CF3SO2)2N?), bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide ((CF3CF2SO2)2N?) and tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide ((CF3SO2)3C?). Electroluminescent, electrochromic and photoelectrochromic devices with nanostructured electrodes include ionic liquids with bifunctional redox dyes. Some of the electrolyte solutions color to red when devices employing the solutions are powered, leading to red or neutral electrooptic devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus and methods for multi-color electrochromic devices. In one embodiment, pixels of a first color electrochromic material (i.e. pigment) are arranged in first areas on a substrate with pixels of a second color electrochromic material in second areas to define a two-dimensional pattern of the first and second color on the substrate. When the applied electric field or current supplied to each pixel is changed, the device may produce the respective colors of the electrochromic materials and may produce a blended color because of the arrangement of the pixels. In accordance with further aspects of the invention, the electrochromic materials may form a design, pattern, logo, or picture when the electrochromic materials are activated. In yet further aspects of the invention, a substrate is masked and unmasked as a plurality of colors are applied to the substrate to produce a multi-color electrochromic display.

Abstract: Deterioration of characteristics due to repeated cycles of coloration and discoloration in an electrochromic element comprising an oxidative coloration layer composed of a nickel oxide and a electrolyte composed of a solid electrolyte is suppressed. A lower ITO transparent electrode film 12 is formed on a transparent substrate 10. A nickel oxide film 32 making up an oxidative coloration layer, an intermediate layer 33, a tantalum oxide film making up a solid electrolyte layer, a mixed film comprising a tungsten oxide and a titanium oxide making up a reductive coloration layer, and an upper ITO transparent electrode film 20 making up an upper electrode film are formed on the lower ITO transparent electrode film 12 on this order. The intermediate layer 33 is a transparent film comprising a metal oxide such as SnO2, a metal such as Al, or a composite of the metal oxide and the metal.

Abstract: A rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a reflective element having at least one substrate with a reflective coating thereon. A specularly reflective indicia reflector is established to form indicia or information at the reflective element. The indicia reflector provides a visible contrast to the main mirror reflector so that the indicia or information is subtly viewable by a person viewing the mirror assembly. The reflective element reflects light incident thereon over the surface coated by the reflective coating of the main mirror reflector, including the area at which the indicia reflector is established.

Abstract: Electrically controllable system having variable optical/energy properties in transmission or reflection, comprising at least one carrier substrate provided with a multilayer allowing the migration of active species, especially an electrochromic multilayer comprising at least two active layers that are separated by at least one layer having an electrolyte function, said multilayer being placed between two electronic conductors connected respectively to current leads, namely lower and upper leads respectively, characterized in that the layer having an electrolyte function incorporates at least one hybrid layer based on a metal layer and on a passivation layer for passivating the same metal as that of the metal layer.

Abstract: The present invention is an active matrix electrochromic display architecture where the active components are placed on the backplane of the display, thereby maximizing the viewable pixel area. The cathode of the electrochromic pixel is placed on top of the active components, with respect to the viewer, thereby allowing the active components to be as large as desired while not interfering with the viewable area of the pixel.

Abstract: An optical media is provided with an associated persistent electrochromic material. The electrochromic material has at least two states. In a first state, the electrochromic material interferes with the ability of an interrogating laser beam to read data from the optical media, and in a second state, the electrochromic material is substantially transparent, enabling the laser beam to read the disc. Advantageously, the persistent electrochromic material holds a desired optical state without the application of external power. The persistent time period may extend for days, weeks, or years depending on particular constructions, and on application requirements. The optical media has an integrated circuit, which is used to cause the electrochromic material to transition from a first state to the second state. In one example, an integrated circuit acts as the powering circuit for the electrochromic material, as well as providing logic and processing functions.

Abstract: A flexible electrochromic device is disclosed, the device including a flexible substrate with at least one electrically conductive surface, and an adhesive ion-conducting layer including a) a polymer binder selected from the group of polyvinylpyrrolidone and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, and b) a source of mobile cations, e.g., alkali metal salts, acids, polyelectrolytes and polyacids, wherein the device is capable of being deformed and returned to “flatness” in an undamaged state.

Abstract: An exemplary LCD device (2) includes a first substrate (210), a second substrate (220) arranged parallel to the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer (230) interposed between the first and second substrates, and an electrochromic layer (250) with adjustable transmittance and reflectivity. The electrochromic layer is arranged at one surface of the second substrate. The transmittance and reflectivity are adjusted according to environmental brightness.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an electrochromic cell comprising a layer (4) of electrochromic material to which an electrolyte layer (3) is applied, means (7, 8, 9) being designed to establish a potential difference between these layers; said electrolyte comprises at least one compound of general formula: Na1+xZr2SixP3?xO12 ??(1) in which x is chosen to respond to the following conditions: 1, 6?x?2, 4. The present invention also concerns a glass pane or a rear-view mirror including such a cell.

Abstract: A display device including a color filter having a multiple types of electrochromic dyes disposed on a pixel by pixel basis, the electrochromic dyes allowing reversible coloring or decoloring, and a light quantity control element for controlling an amount of light emitted to the electrochromatic dyes of the color filter.

Abstract: A display device 1 comprises a base layer 2 and a top layer 4. A conduction layer 5 is applied to the base layer in a pattern, to form electrodes 6 and 8. These can be made of ITO coated with conductive PEDOT. An insulating isolation layer 14 is then applied in a pattern on top of the conduction layer 5 and fills in the spaces between the electrodes 6, 8 of the conduction layer 5. Gaps in the isolation layer 14 extend over a part of the electrodes. A conductive electrochromic material is deposited and fills in these gaps, to form redox centres 16 and 18 each in electrical contact with one of the electrodes 6 and 8. Sealing 20 defines a cavity, which is filled with a water-based electrolyte 22. The isolation layer 14 and the redox centres 16, 18 protect the electrodes 6,8 from the electrolyte. Providing a light source and using transparent materials for all of the base layer 2, the top layer 4, the electrodes 6 and 8, and the isolation layer 14 allows the device 1 to be used for the transmission of light.

Abstract: An electrochromic display is disclosed which comprises an array side substrate (10) on which a pixel electrode (15) and an electrochromic layer (30) are formed, a color filter side substrate (50) on which a counter electrode (53) and an electrochromic layer (54) are formed, and an electrolytic layer (80) injected between the array side substrate (10) and the color filter side substrate (50). By forming the pixel electrode (15) of a reflective electrode material, it becomes unnecessary to add a coloring agent in the electrolytic layer (80) for enhancing contrast and therefore the electrolytic layer (80) can be made thin.

Abstract: A heated glass panel assembly according to one embodiment of the invention may include a substrate having an electro-conductive film provided thereon. A conductor is positioned in contact with the electro-conductive film. A resilient material is positioned in contact with the conductor so that at least a portion of the conductor is located between the resilient material and the electro-conductive film. A retainer is positioned in contact with the resilient material so that at least a portion of the resilient material and at least a portion of the conductor are located between the retainer and the electro-conductive film. The retainer applies a compressive pressure to the resilient material which transfers at least a portion of the compressive pressure to the conductor to hold the conductor in contact with the electro-conductive film.

Abstract: A display device comprising a plurality of independently addressable pixels (1) comprising: a first substrate (2); a counter-electrode (3); second substrate (4); a stack of electrochromic layers (5a, 5b, 5c) associated with said second substrate (4); an electrolyte (6) disposed between said counter-electrode (3) and said stack of electrochromic layers (5a, 5b, 5c). Said electrochromic layers (5a, 5b, 5c) are each independently addressable for switching operation; and separated from each other by layers of an electrolyte (7).

Abstract: An exterior electrochromic reflective mirror element for a vehicular exterior rearview mirror assembly comprises an electrochromic cross-linked polymeric solid film disposed between a first substrate and a second substrate. The electrochromic cross-linked polymeric solid film contacts a transparent conductive layer of the first substrate and a conductive layer comprising a metallic reflective layer of the second substrate. A visual indicator display is disposed to the rear of said second substrate and is part of a blind spot detection and display system and is actuated to emit light responsive to a detection of another overtaking vehicle in a side lane. Light emitted by the visual indicator display passes through the second substrate, through the electrochromic cross-linked polymeric solid film and through the first substrate to be viewed by a driver of the vehicle equipped with the exterior electochromic reflective mirror element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to complementary electrochromic devices comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and derivatives thereof as a cathodically coloring layer and an indium hexacyanometallate or transition metal hexacyanometallate as an anodically coloring layer.

Abstract: A method for contacting patterned electrode devices includes the steps of providing a porous substrate, depositing electrically conductive material to form at least one electrode on a front-side of the porous substrate and depositing at least one electrically conductive back-side contact trace on the back-side of the substrate. A portion of the electrically conductive material penetrates into the substrate. A device is formed including the electrode on the front side of the substrate, wherein the electrode is electrically coupled by a conducting channel including the electrically conductive material through the substrate to the back-side contact trace.

Abstract: Switching uniformity of an optical modulation device for controlling the propagation of electromagnetic radiation is improved by use of an electrode comprising an electrically resistive layer that is transparent to the radiation. The resistive layer is preferably an innerlayer of a wide-bandgap oxide sandwiched between layers of indium tin oxide or another transparent conductor, and may be of uniform thickness, or may be graded so as to provide further improvement in the switching uniformity. The electrode may be used with electrochromic and reversible electrochemical mirror (REM) smart window devices, as well as display devices based on various technologies.

Abstract: An electrochromic device is prepared by forming multiple layers of selected materials on a substrate in a vacuum processing chamber. A first of these layers is an electrode layer deposited directly on the substrate and used for making contact to a subsequently deposited precursor film, preferably tungsten oxide, from which an electrochromic layer is formed by lithium loading in the presence of ionized nitrogen. This not only forms the electrochromic layer by diffusion of the lithium into the tungsten oxide, but also forms a thin lithium nitride ion transfer layer on the then exposed surface. Subsequently, a lithium fluoro-nitride electrolyte layer is formed on the ion transfer layer by evaporation from a lithium fluoride source in the presence of ionized nitrogen. An ion storage layer, which may be a vanadium oxide and a transparent second electrode layer are subsequently vacuum deposited.

Abstract: An electrochromic device is usable for tuning and modulating infrared radiation in a spectral region comprising wavelengths between approximately 1 and 30 microns. This device comprises a plurality of thin films successively deposited on a substrate. The first of these films is a substrate electrode deposited on a suitably prepared substrate. A plurality of active layers comprising at least an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer and an ion storage layer and a substantially transparent metal layer are then preferably deposited on the substrate electrode. The preferred active layers are characterized by a transmittance that is selectively controllable by applying a voltage across the plurality of active layers.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes at least one carrier substrate, and a stack of functional layers including at least one electrically conducting layer that includes metal oxide(s), and a multicomponent electrode including at least one electrochemically active layer, at least one higher-conductivity material and at least one network of one of conducting wires and conducting strips. The higher-conductivity material has a surface resistance that is lower than a surface resistance of the electrically conducting layer. The stack of functional layers is arranged between two substrates, and each may be rigid, of glass type or rigid polymer or semi-rigid or flexible of PET type.

Abstract: Optical devices, are provided, having a first conductive layer, an optical layer, arranged over the first conductive layer, and a second conductive layer, arranged over a portion of the optical layer, in accordance with a predetermined pattern. The optical layer is transparent to at least a wavelength of interest and has an index of refraction, which is a function of a variable, substantially reversible, dopant concentration or dopant concentration gradient in it. By applying an electric potential between the first and second conductive layers, a change in the index of refraction is formed within the optical layer, between the portion abut with the predetermined pattern and the remainder of the optical layer.

Abstract: A flexible electrochromic device including a flexible transparent electrode including a predetermined pattern, an insulating layer formed on a portion of the transparent electrode other than the predetermined pattern, a semiconductor layer formed on the predetermined pattern, an electrochromic monolayer formed on the semiconductor layer, a flexible counter electrode disposed to face the transparent electrode and an electrolyte provided in a space between the transparent electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: Syntheses of a new blue EC monomer (ProDOT-MePro), and a new red EC monomer (ProDOP-Et2) are described. Two additional new types of EC monomers based on 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene include fluorinated EC monomers and an EC monomer including silicon. EC polymer devices having more than one different color EC polymer to enable additional colors to be provided using subtractive color mixing are also described, as well as EC polymer devices incorporating a logo, image, or text, are generally obscured when the device is colored, but become visible when the device is not colored. Also described are EC polymer devices that include a cathodic EC polymer layer, a gel electrolyte, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. Working prototypes of such devices exhibit significant increases in the speed of transition of the EC device from a colored state to a transparent state.