Abstract: A microscope comprising a main objective having a variable focal length and comprising an illuminating unit including a light source and an illuminating optical system for generating an illuminating beam path directed onto the object plane and extending outside the main objective. A unit is provided for centering the illumination dependent on a variation of the focal length of the main objective. The illuminating optical system is mounted at least in part in a laterally shiftable manner for centering the illumination.

Abstract: A microscope comprising a main objective including a lens assembly movable in the direction of the optical axis of the main objective for focal length variation and comprising an illuminating unit with an illumination deflector element for generating an illuminating beam path directed onto an object plane and extending outside the main objective. The position of the illumination deflector element is adjustable dependent on a focal length variation of the main objective for centering the illumination. The illumination deflector element is movable in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the main objective and is coupled to the movable lens assembly of the main objective.

Abstract: The invention concerns a confocal optical scanning device comprising a mobile scanning mirror, reflection on one side 101(b) compensating reflection on the opposite side 101(a) after passing through an array of microscopic holes. The invention is applicable to rapid 3D and 2D microscopy, in biology and in the study of materials.

Abstract: A microscope includes optics configured to direct beams onto an object including a reflective material, a detector configured to receive a field spectrum formed by beams reflected by the object, and a calculator configured to reconstruct an image of the object from the field spectrum detected by the detector.

Abstract: A surgical microscope (100) has an illuminating arrangement (110) which can guide illuminating light to the object region (105) with a first illuminating beam path (111) and with a second illuminating beam path (112). A light exit unit is provided in the first illuminating beam path (111). An illuminating field diaphragm is mounted in the second illuminating beam path. The first illuminating beam path (111) has an illuminating optic which images the light exit plane of the light exit unit or a plane conjugated to the light exit plane into a first image plane (350). An illuminating optic is provided in the second illuminating beam path (112) and this illuminating optic images the illuminating field diaphragm into a second image plane (250) different from the first image plane.

Abstract: A compact and low cost microscope illuminator capable of generating 3-D optical images includes a first light source and a second light source. The two light sources lead two optical paths: one to illuminate a sample and another to project a pattern onto the focal plane of a microscope objective lens. The two light sources are controlled by a processor and can be turned on and off rapidly. A 3-D optical microscope equipped with said microscope illuminator and a method of creating a 3-D image on said 3-D optical microscope are also described.

Abstract: An optical arrangement for a microscope, in particular for a scanning microscope, with a beam splitter 1 arranged in a divergent and/or convergent beam path for separating an illumination light 2 that is produced by an illumination source from a detection light 3 that is emitted by a sample being tested, which with regard to reliable correction of imaging errors can be implemented and developed even when using thick beam splitters 1 such that the beam splitter 1 is wedge-shaped and implemented as a beam splitter plate for reflection primarily at a glass-air interface 4. Furthermore, a microscope with such an optical arrangement is disclosed.

Abstract: An illuminating module (100) has a light source which has at least one white-light LED. In addition to the white-light LED, an LED for red light and an LED for green light are provided. The illuminating module (100) has an output (112) and includes a light-mixing unit (101) which mixes the light of the white-light LED with the light of the respective LEDs for red light and green light in order to make available white illuminating light at the output (112) of the illuminating module for illuminating light.

Abstract: The invention provides a compact optical scanning observation apparatus having an internal focusing mechanism and which is suitable for in-vivo observation of animals. The optical scanning observation apparatus comprises a light source for illuminating a sample; an objective optical system for focusing illumination light onto the sample; a detection-light splitting device for splitting off collected detection light from the illumination light; a detection-light focusing optical system for focusing the split-off detection light; a detector for detecting the focused detection light; a focus scanning device disposed between the detection-light splitting device and the objective optical system; and a lateral-direction scanning device, disposed between the focus scanning device and the objective optical system, for scanning the illumination light from the light source on the sample, in substantially orthogonal directions with respect to the optical axis.

Abstract: There is provided a device for confocal observation of a specimen, comprising an objective, a mask, which is located in the illumination beam path and the image beam path and which is rotatable around a central axis, the mask being imaged onto the specimen by means of the objective and being provided with openings for generating an illumination pattern moving on the specimen, an arrangement of a plurality of focussing microoptics which is adjusted to the geometric arrangement of the openings of the mask and to the rotation of the mask in order to concentrate the illumination light by each of the microoptics into a respective one of the openings of the mask, and a beam splitter for separating light from the specimen which has been collected by the objective and which has passed through the openings of the mask from illumination light, wherein the beam splitter is arranged in the beam path between the mask and the arrangement of the microoptics, and wherein an optical arrangement is provided in the beam path be

Abstract: A system microscope has a specimen mounting part which mounts a specimen, an inverted microscope including an illumination path which radiates illumination light from under the specimen mounting part, and an observation optical path which acquires detection light emitted from the specimen to which the illumination light is radiated, a microscope with upright frame including an illumination path which radiates illumination light from above the specimen mounting part, and an observation optical path which acquires detection light emitted from the specimen to which the illumination light is radiated, and a driving unit which moves at least one of the inverted microscope and the microscope with upright frame in a plane perpendicular to the observation optical path of the inverted microscope or the microscope with upright frame.

Abstract: A confocal imaging microscope, especially for the cellular imaging of the skin at selected locations. An imaging head (28) is gimble mounted on a multi-axis compound arm (34) to allow for precise placement of a confocal objective (116) extending from the head at selected locations against the skin of the patient. The arm (34) attaches the head to an upright station (10) which may be movable along the floor on which the station is disposed. The station (10) has a platform (16) on which a keyboard (24) and a display (22) for monitoring the images is supported. The head (28) contains an integrated assembly of the optical and mechanical components of the microscope, which control scanning and may also control fine positioning of the locations being imaged. The head (28) is detachable from the arm for manual disposition.

Abstract: An unit for switchable arranging an arbitrary optical element on an optical path of fluorescence from among a plurality of types of the optical elements that transmit an excitation beam for exciting a sample and fluorescence emitted from the sample; an unit for picking up the observation image via the optical element arranged; and an unit for determining a type of the optical element arranged on the basis of the observation image picked up are prepared in order to provide a microscope image processing device, a program product, a program transmission medium and a method are provided, by which an optical element such as a fluorescence cube set on a fluorescence microscope can be identified on the basis of a detection result of an image pick up device that picks up an image of a sample to be observed by using the fluorescence microscope.

Abstract: Optical scanning microscope with linear scanning and with illumination of a specimen via a beam splitter, which is arranged in an objective pupil and includes at least a reflecting first portion and at least a transmitting second portion, whereby the reflecting portion serves to couple in the illumination light and the transmitting portion serves to pass the detection light in the detection direction or the transmitting portion serves to couple in the illumination light and the reflecting portion serves to couple out the detection light, with a first scanning arrangement, whereby mechanism is provided in the detection light path for the overlay of at least one further scanning arrangement for illumination and detection.

Abstract: An illumination system and method of illuminating a surgical site are disclosed. One embodiment of the illumination system comprises: a composite illumination source, comprising a plurality of light sources operable to emit a plurality of collinear light beams; and an illumination lens, operable to receive and focus the plurality of light beams at a focal plane; wherein the plurality of collinear light beams are directed onto an off-axis portion of the illumination lens and wherein the illumination lens is aligned co-axially and confocally with an objective lens of an observation device. The light sources can be solid-state lighting devices, such as light-emitting diodes. The observation device can be a surgical ophthalmic microscope. The illumination lens can have a larger diameter than the objective lens, and the off-axis portion of the illumination lens can comprise a Fresnel type lens.

Abstract: A microscope including a body and an optical axis reorientation device is described. The optical axis reorientation device is coupled to the body. The optical axis reorientation device includes at least two selectively adjustable mirrors and is rotatable, with respect to an optical axis of the microscope, to reorient a view of an object observed through the microscope while substantially maintaining a constant position of the microscope body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reflected-light microscope comprising a light source for generating an illumination light beam, which can be directed through a lens along an illumination beam path onto a sample. Said microscope is provided with imaging optics, which generate a plane that optically corresponds to the pupil plane. At least one attenuation element, which acts in an essentially uniform manner over the entire cross-section of the illumination light beam, can be introduced into the illumination beam path on the optically corresponding plane.

Abstract: A surgical microscope (100) has a viewing beam path for main viewing and a secondary beam path (106) for viewing by another person. The surgical microscope (100) has a microscope main objective (101) through which the viewing beam path for main viewing and the viewing beam path (106) for secondary viewing pass. The surgical microscope (100) includes an OCT-system (120) for examining an object region. The OCT-system (120) includes an OCT-scanning beam (123) which is guided through the microscope main objective (101). In the viewing beam path (106) for secondary viewing, an in-coupling element (150) is provided to couple the OCT-scanning beam (123) into the viewing beam path (106) for secondary viewing and to guide the same through the microscope main objective (101) to the object region (108).

Abstract: A surgical microscope (100) has an illuminating module (120). The illuminating module contains an illuminating optic which images a field diaphragm (124) to a parallel illuminating beam path at infinity. The field diaphragm (124) is illuminated by a light source. The illuminating optic includes a first lens assembly and a second lens assembly which functions to image the field diaphragm (124) into the object region (108) via the microscope main objective (101) of the surgical microscope (100). An in-coupling element (128) is provided between the first lens assembly (125) and the second lens assembly (126) and this in-coupling element couples the OCT-scanning beam into the illuminating beam.

Abstract: A surgical microscope (100) is especially suited for use in neurosurgery. The surgical microscope has an illuminating arrangement (101) for making available illuminating light in an operating region (117) to be examined with the surgical microscope (100). The illuminating arrangement (101) contains a high-power light source (102) which includes an intensity adjusting device (112). The intensity adjusting device (112) makes possible to adjust the intensity of the illuminating light (116), which is guided to the object region (117), between a maximum value and a minimum value. The surgical microscope (100) has a control unit (170) for the illuminating arrangement (101) which includes an operator-controlled module (172) via which the illuminating arrangement (101) can be activated and controlled. For adjusting the intensity of the illuminating light (116) guided to the operating region (117), the control unit coacts with the adjustable filter unit (112).

Abstract: Provided is a laser scanning microscope having a first focusing-position control unit; and a confocal detecting unit. The first focusing-position control unit shifts a first focusing position of a laser beam on a sample in a direction of an optical axis of an objective lens. The confocal detecting unit has a confocal aperture for a confocal detection of a light emitted from the first focusing position. The microscope may include a second focusing-position control unit shifts a second focusing position of the light emitted from the first focusing position focused by the confocal detecting unit in a direction of an optical path thereof.

Abstract: A fluorescence photometric apparatus which includes a light source, a light irradiating unit configured to condense light from the light source on a sample by means of an objective lens and irradiating the sample with the condensed light, and a photodetector which detects fluorescence emitted from the sample, includes an illuminating unit configured to obtaining a sample image, a position adjusting unit configured to adjusting a relative position of the sample and a position of a light spot condensed by the light irradiating unit, and an imaging unit configured to simultaneously two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally imaging both the sample image and an image of the light spot from the light irradiating unit configured to condensing the light on the sample.

Abstract: Observation using a plurality of types of light having different spectrum characteristics is enabled while reducing the diameter of an insertion section of an endoscope, acquisition of a plurality of types of image which is applied with arithmetic processing with respect to each other and is displayed in a superimposed manner, so that the observation accuracy is improved.

Abstract: A microscopy system for eye surgery with an objective lens is suggested, which provides a retroillumination system to generate a so-called red reflex illumination during an eye-surgical treatment, in particular during a cataract operation.

Abstract: A system for sequentially providing electromagnetic radiation to a spot on a sample at different angles of incidence, and after reflection therefrom into a detector. The system includes a plurality of spherical mirrors, and a refractive element for correcting aberration.

Abstract: A spectral scanning microscope and a method for data acquisition using a spectral scanning microscope are disclosed. A computer system is provided that encompasses a memory and a database. In combination with the computer system and/or the database, a continuous wavelength subregion that serves to illuminate the specimen can be selected from a continuous wavelength region using the spectral selection means. Also in combination with the computer system together with the spectral selection means, a detection band can be selected from the detected light beam.

Abstract: Provided is an operation microscope where manipulations to be performed in response to switching between methods for observing an eye to be operated are performed in an interlocked manner, thereby improving manipulability. When recognizing that a change-over switch is switched to its upper position, a control circuit controls a drive apparatus so that an operator microscope is raised, controls a drive mechanism so that an optical unit is moved to an inverter-on position, changes the turned-on position of a light source so that an illumination light flux forms a small angle with respect to an observation optical axis, and controls a solenoid so that a stereo variator is moved to be arranged on an optical path of an observation light flux.

Abstract: An endoscope probe system includes an endoscope probe to be inserted into a body cavity to observe tissue of a living body. The endoscope probe system further includes a laser source that emits multiple laser beams, a light detector having multiple light receiving elements each of which detects intensity of light incident thereon, and a plurality of confocal optical systems arranged to focus the laser beams emitted from the laser source to small spots arranged in a matrix pattern on the target and selectively transmit the laser beams reflected by the target at the spots to respective ones of the light receiving elements of the light detector.

Abstract: A system including confocal and triangulation-based scanners or subsystems provides data which is both acquired and processed under the control of a control algorithm to obtain information such as dimensional information about microscopic targets which may be “non-cooperative.” The “non-cooperative” targets are illuminated with a scanning beam of electromagnetic radiation such as laser light incident from a first direction. A confocal detector of the electromagnetic radiation is placed at a first location for receiving reflected radiation which is substantially optically collinear with the incident beam of electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a spatial filter for attenuating background energy. The triangulation-based subsystem also includes a detector of electromagnetic radiation which is placed at a second location which is non-collinear with respect to the incident beam. This detector has a position sensitive axis. Digital data is derived from signals produced by the detectors.

Abstract: An epi-illumination system for an array microscope. For Kohler illumination, illumination light sources are placed, actually or virtually, at the pupils of respective individual microscope elements of an array microscope. In one Kohler illumination embodiment, the light source is a point source comprising the tip of an optical fiber placed on the optical axis at the pupil of its corresponding microscope element. In another Kohler illumination embodiment, the illumination light is provided by a reflective boundary placed on the optical axis of a corresponding microscope element. For critical illumination the light sources are placed at locations conjugate with their respective object planes so as to image the light sources thereon.

Abstract: The invention concerns a (stereoscopic) surgical microscope having a system for reflecting in illumination in which the illumination beam path (5) is switched into the microscope's main beam path via a deflection element (1) whose diameter exceeds the spacing of the observation beam paths (3). Different illumination angles for the specimen (10) can be generated by means of a stop (8) that is shiftable radially about the axis (5a) of the illumination beam path (5).

Abstract: In a confocal laser microscope, a confocal image and a non-confocal image of an observation target are generated from light reflected by the observation target, and the confocal image and non-confocal image are displayed side by side on the same screen.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a double confocal scanning microscope (1) having an illuminating beam path (2) of at least one light source (3), and a detected beam path (4) of at least one detector (5), and in order to achieve almost the theoretically possible resolution capability, in particular in the context of multi-color fluorescence applications, is characterized in that the optical properties in particular of the components (6, 10, 13, 14) arranged in the beam path are coordinated with one another in such a way that the accumulated aberrations, with respect to the optical axis (33) and/or at least one surface (18, 19, 20) in the specimen region, are at least of the order of magnitude of the theoretically achievable resolution capability.

Abstract: A scanning optical microscope using a wavefront converting element suffers minimum off-axis performance degradation and allows the wavefront converting element to be controlled by a simple method. Further, a pupil relay optical system is simple in arrangement or unnecessary. A laser scanning microscope includes a laser oscillator 6 and a wavefront converting element 5 for applying a desired wavefront conversion to a laser beam 15 emitted from the laser oscillator 6. An objective 7 collects a wavefront-converted approximately parallel laser beam 17 emerging from the wavefront converting element 5 onto a sample 9. A detector 29 detects signal light emitted from the sample 9. An actuator 8 scans the objective 7 along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis.

Abstract: A scanning microscope has a light source that emits illuminating light for illumination of a specimen, at least one first detector for detection of the detected light proceeding from the specimen, an objective arranged in both an illumination beam path and a detection beam path, and a coupling-out element that is selectably for descan detection and non-descan detection positionable in the illumination and detection beam path. A light-guiding fiber is provided for transporting at least a portion of the detection light from the coupling-out element to the first detector.

Abstract: In an illumination incoupling system for an optical viewing device, illumination incoupling is provided simultaneously into main observer beam paths and assistant observer beam paths using two semitransparent and two fully reflective deflection elements arranged crosswise and symmetrically with respect to the optical axis of the main objective. Homogeneous illumination of the specimen field may thereby be achieved for both the main observer and the assistant observer.

Abstract: An epi-illumination apparatus has, in the following order from an light source device side, a first imaging lens which forms an image of the light source and a field lens which projects the image of the light source to an object to be illuminated. Either one of a first magnification varying unit or a second magnification varying unit is selectively disposed between the first imaging lens and the field lens in order to vary a magnification of the image of the light source. The first magnification varying unit has a first aperture stop and a second imaging lens that is disposed in the field lens side of the first aperture stop, while the second magnification varying unit has a second aperture stop and a third imaging lens that is disposed in the first imaging lens side of the second aperture stop.

Abstract: A confocal microscope comprises a microlens array having a plurality of microlenses for splitting a ray bundle of illumination light into a plurality of convergent partial ray bundles which illuminate a sample simultaneously at several measuring points; a beam splitter for separating a beam path of the illuminating light and a beam path of sample light originating from the illumination of the sample and captured in an inverse direction with regard to the illumination light; a pinhole diaphragm array having a plurality of pinhole diaphragms arranged in the beam path of the sample light and corresponding to said microlenses of said microlens array splitting the illumination light; and a further microlens array having a plurality of microlenses corresponding to said microlenses of said microlens array splitting the illumination light. Said microlenses of said microlens array splitting the illumination light and said microlenses of said further microlens array are arranged in the beam path of the sample light.

Abstract: A microscope for transmission viewing of a speciment including a light source for producing a light beam; an objective lens positioned for focusing the light beam produced by said light source on an area of the specimen for illuminating said area; and a reflector positioned for reflecting light transmitted through the specimen back through the illuminated area of the specimen.

Abstract: An epi-illumination apparatus for fluorescent observation, adjusting light intensities of a plurality of illuminations on a sample over a wide wavelength band continuously and being configured inexpensively, and a fluorescence microscope having the same are provided. A light source, extracting means, an aperture stop, and a filter are arranged on a predetermined optical axis. The aperture stop is arranged on a plane generally conjugated with a pupil plane of an objective. The filter is placed near the aperture stop. The extracting means extracts a plurality of narrow wavelength bands from the wavelength band of the illumination emitted from the light source. The filter has regions of different spectral transmission characteristics to the narrow wavelength bands. The adjusting means for adjusting light intensities of transmitted light from the filter in the narrow wavelength bands independently by moving the filter in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis is provided.

Abstract: There is disclosed a microscope constitution in which an base including an image pickup device is disposed confronting the underside of a stage portion via an optical portion having a linear optical axis, and a lighting head is assembled/disposed with respect to the stage portion so as to be rotatable/adjustable around two axes different from the optical axis via first and second arms.

Abstract: A compact reflector telescope has a spherical primary reflector and a secondary reflector with a negative lens interposed there between in axial alignment therewith. Light reflected from the primary reflector is passed through the negative lens and is diverted by the secondary reflector to a positive lens at the side of the telescope tube. The positive lens focuses the light rays onto an eye piece or ocular or onto a photographic emulsion or electronic detector. The telescope reduces or substantially eliminates spherical aberration and can be configured to have a focal ratio significantly greater than the focal ratio of the primary reflector. The telescope produces a flat field of view and an image which is substantially diffraction limited.

Abstract: The invention concerns a microscope having an image sensor (5) for recording the microscope images. The specimen (3) to be examined can be scanned by means of a stop (2) in the beam path of the illumination unit and a positioning unit which moves the specimen (3) or the stop (2). Opening the stop (2) or removing it from the beam path permits the entire image to be scanned with the image sensor (5).

Abstract: An autofocus module for a microscope-based system includes at least two light sources, each of which generates a light beam for focusing. An optical directing device is provided that directs a respective portion of each light beam onto an incoupling means, which couples each of the light beams into the illuminating light beam of the microscope-based system and directs the light beams onto a specimen. A first and a second detector receive the light beams of the first and second light source reflected from the surface of the specimen, and ascertain the intensities on the first and second detector in time-multiplexed fashion.

Abstract: Disclosed are microscopes, preferably confocal microscopes, that include aperture plates having one or more arrays of apertures defined therein. The aperture plate is disposed in a position within an incoming light beam such that the incoming light beam is spatially filtered as it passes through the array of apertures. In certain embodiments of the invention, the aperture plate is fixed and immovable, in others, the aperture plate is translatable within a plane of confocality.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an illuminating or indicating device, including at least two light sources, each light source being associated with a first optical system. According to the present invention, each first optical system, at finite distance, forms a real image of the light source, the images of the light sources being coincident at a common point constituting a secondary source, and a second optical system having an optical axis passing through the secondary source forms an illuminating or indicating beam from this secondary source.

Abstract: A total internal reflection illumination apparatus applied to a microscope which illuminates a sample through an objective having a numerical aperture enabling total internal reflection illumination, comprises a first total internal reflection mirror which is arranged in the vicinity of an outermost peripheral part of an observation optical path of the microscope to reflect an incident illumination light in a direction of the objective, a second total internal reflection mirror which is arranged at a symmetrical position with the first total internal reflection mirror to sandwich an observation optical axis and reflects return light reflected on a surface of the sample in a direction different from the illumination optical path, and a return light dimming part configured to dim the return light reflected by the second total internal reflection mirror.

Abstract: A confocal scanning microscope has an illuminating beam path and at least one light source. The light of the light source is coupled into a fiber in which laser transitions can be induced. At least laser light induced in the fiber serves for specimen illumination after passing through an excitation pinhole.

Abstract: A scanning microscope possesses at least one illumination source for emitting an illuminating beam that is conveyed via a beam deflection device and an optical system to a specimen and scans the latter, the beam deflection device defining at least one illuminating beam rotation point. A device for axial displacement in particular of the beam deflection device, or of a lens preceding the objective, is provided for imaging of an image of the illuminating beam rotation point into the pupil of the objective.

Abstract: Caged reagent release experiments are carried out by introducing laser light of a laser light source for the Caged reagent release of a first reflected illumination optical system light path into a sample side through a first dichroic mirror on a cube turret and also introducing excitation light of a mercury lamp for the excitation light irradiation of a third reflected illumination optical system light path into the sample side through a first dichroic mirror on a slider. Laser trap experiments are carried out by introducing excitation light of a mercury lamp for the excitation light irradiation of a second reflected illumination optical system light path into the sample side through a second dichroic mirror on the cube turrent and also introducing laser light from the laser light source for the laser trap of the third reflected illumination optical system light path into the sample side through a second dichroic mirror on the slider.