Abstract: The disclosed is a capacitor substrate structure to reduce the high leakage current and low insulation resistance issue of organic/inorganic hybrid materials with ultra-high dielectric constant. The insulation layer, disposed between two conductive layers, includes multi-layered dielectric layers. At least one of the dielectric layers has high dielectric constant, including high dielectric constant ceramic powder and conductive powder evenly dispersed in organic resin. The other dielectric layers can be organic resin, or further include high dielectric constant ceramic powder dispersed in the organic resin. The substrate has an insulation resistance of about 50K? and leakage current of below 100 ?Amp under operational voltage.

Abstract: There is provided a constraining green including a first constraining layer having a surface disposed on the one of the top and bottom surfaces of the ceramic laminated body, the first constraining layer containing a first inorganic powder; and a second constraining layer disposed on a top of the first constraining layer and containing a second inorganic powder and a fly ash. The constraining green sheet serves to ensure less shrinkage of the ceramic laminated body and improve debinding characteristics.

Abstract: The subject matter disclosed herein relates to methods to reduce warpage of a substrate.

Abstract: A method to produce a distortion-free asymmetrical low-temperature co-fired ceramic structure comprising at least one layer of glass-containing internal constraining tape and at least one layer of glass-containing primary tape wherein the internal constraining tape and the primary tape are laminated to form an asymmetrical laminate and wherein a release layer is deposited on at least one surface of the laminate forming an assembly, wherein the surface is opposite the position of greatest asymmetry of the laminated layers and wherein the assembly is thermally processed producing a structure exhibiting an interactive suppression of x,y shrinkage.

Abstract: Different from conventional so-called mix-type film capacitors involving several disadvantages, in which the dielectric layers consist of a combination of a dielectric plastic resin film and an insulating paper sheet, the invention provides an all-film oil-impregnated capacitor in which the dielectric layers consist only of a plastic resin film such as a biaxially oriented polypropylene resin film (OPP film) suitable for use in microwave ovens. The all-film capacitor of the invention can be obtained and has satisfactory properties only when prepared by using specified materials including the OPP film, aluminum foil and capacitor oil and under specified conditions relative to the dielectric tangent values and dielectric capacity values before and after impregnation with a capacitor oil as well as the conditions in the step of oil impregnation.

Abstract: A multiterminal multilayer ceramic capacitor having a capacitor body comprised of first internal electrodes and second internal electrodes alternately stacked via rectangular ceramic layers so that the short sides of the ceramic layers register with the height direction of the capacitor body. First external terminals and/or second external terminals connected to the first internal electrodes and/or second internal electrodes are formed on a top face and bottom face of the capacitor body. The first external terminals and second external terminals are connected directly to different circuit patterns of the circuit board so as to enable three-dimensional mounting of the multilayer ceramic capacitor with circuit boards.

Abstract: A metallized film including a polymer film, a metal layer having a surface resistance of about 1 .OMEGA./sq. to about 15 .OMEGA./sq. deposited on a portion of the polymer film, the polymer film having another portion defined as a margin having a surface resistance of about 1.times.10.sup.10 .OMEGA./sq. or more, which portion is free of deposited metal; and an about 0.02 to about 1 mm wide boundary zone of deposited metal formed between the deposited metal layer and the margin which substantially continuously decreases in thickness from the deposited metal layer to the margin.

Abstract: A metallized film capacitor is provided with a polyurethane oil insulating fluid. The insulating fluid has a viscosity in the range of about 500 to 3000 poise at 25.degree. C. The polyurethane oil insulating fluid is produced by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a primary polyol selected from the group consisting of castor oil, ricinoleic acid derivatives of castor oil and mixtures thereof. The reaction may be carried out in the presence of a secondary polyol chain extender such as a hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene diol. The reaction to produce the insulating fluid is carried out under conditions wherein the ratio of NCO groups of the organic polyisocyanate to OH groups of the primary and secondary polyols, if present, is in the range of about 0.1 to 1 to about 0.6 to 1. The ratio ensures that there is no excess of unreacted NCO groups in the insulating fluid and that the reaction produces a viscous fluid, not a substantially solid elastomer.

Abstract: Sheet capacitive materials for use in forming a thin-film capacitor comprise an electrically nonconductive substrate, a layer of electrically conductive material disposed a surface of the substrate, and a layer of electrically nonconductive material disposed onto a surface of the conductive material layer. The conductive material layer includes a contact area along a first lengthwise edge of the substrate that is thicker than remaining portions of the material layer. A portion of the substrate adjacent a second lengthwise edge remains exposed. The electrically nonconductive material includes an anti-stick component, and covers the exposed substrate surface and a major portion of the material layer except for the contact area. A first and second sheet is constructed having contact areas along opposite lengthwise edges. The sheets are placed together so that the contact areas are oriented at opposite lengthwise edges, and are staggered so that the contact areas remain exposed.

Abstract: A metalized film capacitor has a plurality of electrodes separated by dielectric spacers and contains a dielectric fill system including 1 to 50 wt % of calcium oxide scavenger. This dielectric fill system is especially useful in aluminum metalized film capacitors for AC service.

Abstract: A method of making capacitors comprising, providing as the dielectric and/or conductive layers, a material made from a diamond-like nanocomposite solid-state material having interpenetrating atomic scale networks of carbon in a diamond-like carbon network stabilized by hydrogen, a glass-like silicon network stabilized by oxygen, and optionally at least one additional network of dopant elements or dopant compounds having elements from Groups 1-7b and 8 of the periodic table.

Abstract: A ceramic substrate comprises having two or more functional portions separated from each other, by providing a first region comprising a first dielectric porcelain having an insulating layer at the crystal grain boundaries of a semiconductor porcelain containing a semiconductivizing agent and a second region comprising a second dielectric porcelain with different dielectric constant from the first dielectric porcelain through the difference in amount or kind of the semiconductivizing agent from the first region.

Abstract: Novel dielectrically improved liquid compositions include at least one electrical insulating oil (A), e.g., benzyltoluene or oligomers thereof, and at least one aldehyde (B) containing at least six carbon atoms, or a functionally substituted such aldehyde, e.g., 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

Abstract: A coextruded, biaxailly oriented multilayer film comprises a base layer comprising an extremely pure raw material and outer layer. It is suitable for use as an electrically insulating film, as a dielectric in an electrical capacitor, and has improved dielectrical properties for this purpose. The base layer and the outer layer or layers contain propylene polymer on one or both sides and stabilizers for propylene polymers. The raw material for the base layer has an idealized thermal oxidation temperature in the range of 260.degree. to 300.degree. C., preferably in the range 260.degree. to 280.degree. C., and the raw material for the outer layer or layers has an idealized thermal oxidation temperature in the region of 240.degree. to 300.degree. C., preferably in the range 240.degree. to 270.degree. C. The multilayer film as a whole has an idealized thermal oxidation temperature in the range 250.degree. to 290.degree. C., in paticular in the range 250.degree. to 275.degree. C.

Abstract: The poor electrical conduction at an electrical switch contact caused by organopolysiloxane gas can be prevented by providing that a nitrogenous base gas be simultaneously present with the organopolysiloxane gas. Nitrogeneous base gases can be aliphatic amines or aromatic amines.

Abstract: An insulating oil containing N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-cyclohexylamine at 0.5 mg/l or more. An electrical apparatus is filled with the insulating oil in which a copper component is immersed. During operation of the apparatus for a long period of time, the tan .delta. of the insulating oil does not increase so that deterioration of the insulating oil is deferred, thereby substantially extending the life of the insulating oil.

Abstract: Di octyl phthalate (DOP) is used as a dielectric fluid for a-c electrical capcitors. An additive of an epoxidized linseed oil in an amount from 0.1% to 30% by weight of DOP stabilizes the capacitors and thus prolongs their life.

Abstract: Non-aqueous liquid electrolytes for electrolytic capacitors which comprise diazobicyclealkenes and/or salts thereof as a solute. The electrolytes are effective in improving low temperature and high temperature characteristics when applied as electrolytic capacitors. The capacitors using the electrolytes are also described.

Abstract: A metallized film capacitor having a dielectric fluid comprising glyceryl triacetate and about 30 to 90 vol. percent of epoxidized soybean oil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dielectric fluid which comprises about 5 to about 40 molar percent of a first arene compound having up to seven substituent alkenyl carbon atoms and about 60 to about 95 molar percent of a diluent. The diluent can be mineral oil, a second arene compound having up to seven substituent alkyl carbon atoms which are hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon ethers, or a mixture thereof, or a mixture of a mineral oil and a second arene compound. Also preferably included in the dielectric fluid is about 0.5 to about 5% of a free-radical polymerization inhibitor. A capacitor and a transformer containing the dielectric fluid are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an impregnating oil prepared by admixing an isocyanate compound of tolylene diisocyanate and/or 4,4-diisocyanate-3,3-dimethyldiphenyl with an insulating oil of 1-tolyl-2-phenylethane, 1-ethylphenyl-2-phenylethane, 1-isopropylphenyl-2-phenylethane and/or 1,2-ditolylethane and a capacitor comprising two metallized plastic films impregnated with the thus prepared impregnating oil.

Abstract: An aluminum electrolytic capacitor has a wound foil section with cellulosic spacer material, interleaved between and contiguously wound with the foils, loaded with 1 to 6 wt % of a synthetic hydrotalcite. The spacer material may be Manila, Kraft or Benares paper.

Abstract: A method is provided for gelling a dielectric in an alternating current capacitor of the type having a housing enclosing a pair of convolutely wound electrodes and dielectric spacers interleaved therebetween for separating the electrode with at least one of the electrodes being formed by a metallized film and using a dielectric of soybean oil, the method comprising adding an alkylhydroxyphenlalkanolyhydrazine compound to the soybean oil to gel the same within the housing so as to reduce its mobility and maintain the dielectric in proximity to the electrodes for reducing electrical corona discharge between the electrodes and for reducing electrical erosion of the electrodes.

Abstract: Soybean oil is used as a non-toxic dielectric fluid for a-c electrical capacitors. An additive of butylated hydroxyanisole is provided to prevent the soybean oil from becoming rancid. Another additive of .alpha.-dodocene-tetradecene is provided as a gas absorber for the soybean oil.

Abstract: An oil-impregnated capacitor produced by infiltrating a liquid impregnant containing at least one organometallic compound, represented by organic silane compounds, having a hydrolyzable group represented by alkoxy groups and acyloxy group and an organic functional group represented by vinyl group, epoxy group, mercapto group, methacrylo group, chlorine atom and peroxide group. It shows good characteristics when used under high stress conditions, in particular, at a high temperature and a high voltage.

Abstract: In a capacitor, a dielectric fluid including 0 to about 10 wt. % of an antioxidant, 0 to about 10 wt. % of an epoxide stabilizer, the remainder essentially a compound with more than two stearate groups. The presently preferred compound of the dielectric fluid is glyceryl tri(acetoxystearate). A primary function of the dielectric fluid is to help prevent air from contacting the capacitor body of the capacitor. The capacitor body includes as its dielectric a plastic film such as polypropylene and the above mentioned dielectric fluid. Air pockets in and around the capacitor body are impregnated with such fluid to minimize disruptive electrical or corona discharges without harmfully swelling the plastic film to thereby improve the operating efficiency of such capacitor.

Abstract: A capacitor includes a dielectric separator that includes a polypropylene film, and a dielectric fluid that consists essentially of about 100% by volume of an alkylated biphenyl for enhancing swelling in said film of from about 5% to about 15% by volume dependent on temperature.

Abstract: There is disclosed a fluid comprising a mixture of about 5 percent to about 40 percent by volume of a halogenated benzene and about 60 percent to about 95 percent by volume of an alkyl branched chain phthalate ester, said fluid having a dielectric constant greater than the dielectric constant of either of the halogenated benzene or the alkyl branched chain phthalate ester. The dielectric constant of an alkyl branched chain phthalate ester having a dielectric constant above about 4.0 is increased by mixing a halogenated benzene having a dielectric constant above about 4.0 with the alkyl branched chain phthalate ester whereby the measured dielectric constant of the alkyl branched chain phthalate ester having the halogenated benzene therein, is at least 0.25 higher than the dielectric constant of either the halogenated benzene or the alkyl branched chain phthalate ester. The preferred halogenated benzene is trichlorobenzene, and the preferred alkyl branched chain phthalate ester is di-2-ethylhexylphthalate.

Abstract: Isopropyl biphenyl is used as a dielectric fluid for a-c electrical capacitors. An additive of an epoxide having the chemical name 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate in an amount of at least 30% by volume of the dielectric fluid increases its dielectric constant.

Abstract: An AC metallized film capacitor having a plurality of electrodes separated by a dielectric spacer contains as its impregnant system an ester dielectric fluid and 2 to 10% of a N,N-substituted carbodiimide to improve capacitance retention characteristics.

Abstract: An AC metallized film capacitor having a plurality of electrodes separated by a dielectric spacer contains a dielectric fluid and 2 to 10% of .alpha.-naphthyl isocyanate as impregnant system to scavenge moisture and to improve capacitance retention.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid provides a mixture of a diarylethane compound and 10% to 80% by volume of an epoxide additive.

Abstract: Compositions containing ditolyl ethers have outstanding dielectric properties. They are particularly suitable for use as impregnating agents in condensers.

Abstract: Polypropylene glycol dielectric fluids are used to impregnate electrical capacitors and particularly metallized capacitors for improved performance.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid for a capacitor includes a mixture of phthalate ester, polychlorinated benzene and a linear alkylbenzene.

Abstract: An electrical apparatus, such as a capacitor, having an improved dielectric system. The capacitor includes alternate layers of metal foil and dielectric material which is impregnated with 1,1-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)ethane. The capacitor has improved corona characteristics and low dielectric losses. The liquid dielectric is biodegradable and environmentally acceptable.

Abstract: An electrical insulating oil and oil-filled electrical appliances, in which the insulating oil comprises a mixture of diarylalkanes and alkyl-3-arylindane derivatives and/or 1,3-diarylbutene derivatives, and has various advantageous properties such as a high dielectric constant, hydrogen gas absorbing capacity, and adaptability to plastic film materials. By impregnating with the above insulating oil, high performance and long life electrical appliances can be manufactured.

Abstract: An AC metallized film capacitor having a plurality of electrodes separated by a dielectric spacer contains as its impregnant system a dielectric fluid and 1-20% of an aliphatic or aromatic isocyanate having unreacted NCO groups to improve life characteristics.

Abstract: Coiled or stacked capacitors preferably of the self-healing type which exhibit very low variation of capacitance over the service life. A capacitor winding is impregnated with an insulating impregnating material. The capacitor housing is then filled with an impregnating filling material which has a higher dielectric constant than the insulating impregnating material.

Abstract: An electrical capacitor comprising a capacitor element impregnated with a mixture of di-iso-propyl naphthalene and mono-iso-propyl naphthalene, the amount of which latter being 10% to 60% by weight, and preferably 20% to 40% by weight.

Abstract: A capacitor is disclosed of layers of metal foil alternating with insulating sheets impregnated with a dielectric fluid. The dielectric fluid comprises isopropyl biphenyl of which at least about 55% by weight is the meta isomer. The dielectric fluid forms a glassy, amorphous phase at low temperatures rather than a crystalline solid.

Abstract: A capacitor is disclosed of alternating layers of plastic film and metal foil impregnated with a dielectric fluid which is an ester of a benzene tri- or tetracarboxylic acid. The esters are preferably trimellitic acid esters, especially tri-isodecyl-trimellitate. The dielectric fluid is sufficiently non-flammable to meet safety requirements and has a relatively high dielectric constant and low power factor.

Abstract: A process for impregnating capacitors with a gas absorbing impregnant is disclosed including the steps of purefying a phthalate ester by adsorptive filtration and adding 5 to 30% by volume of an alkene having from 10 to less than 20 carbon atoms and 0.1 to 10% by volume of an epoxy stabilizer to the phthalate ester prior to impregnating the capacitor.

Abstract: An electrical capacitor using as the insulating oil a mixture of triaryl phosphate, diisopropyl naphthalene and monoisopropyl naphthalene. The phosphate has the structural formula of ##STR1## wherein n=1 to 3; R and R' are alkyl groups, the number of R being 1 and the number of R' being 0 or 1, and the total number of carbon atoms contained in the alkyl group or groups attached to each benzene ring is 1 to 5.

Abstract: An electrical capacitor is impregnated with a base impregnant of a non halogenated aromatic liquid which absorbs gas in the range of 40.degree. to 100.degree. C. to which is added a material that is a greater gas absorber over the same temperature range.

Abstract: An ester dielectric fluid for an AC capacitor with improved corona properties contains a minor amount of tert-butylanthraquinone. The ester may be 2-ethylhexylphthalate or diisononylphthalate, and an epoxide stabilizer is present.

Abstract: Between about 0.01 and 10.0% by weight of an antioxidant, and between about 0.1 and 10% by weight of an epoxide are added to a liquid aromatic ester prior to refining or purification of the ester and prior to the use of the ester to impregnate a capacitor.

Abstract: An improved dielectric system for an electrical apparatus. The dielectric system includes a polymeric film impregnated with low molecular weight polybutene having an average number molecular weight in the range of 300 to 500. The dielectric system has improved dielectrical properties and the polybutene is biodegradable which minimizes the pollution of the atmosphere if the dielectric liquid is exposed to the atmosphere. Further extended service life can be achieved by the addition of a cyclohexyl amine to the liquid dielectric.

Abstract: A capacitor is disclosed of layers of metal foil alternating with insulating sheets impregnated with a dielectric fluid. The dielectric fluid comprises a mixture of 80 to 99% by weight mono-ethylated, mono-propylated, or mono-butylated biphenyl, biphenyl oxide, or biphenyl methane and about 1 to about 20% by weight di-ethylated, di-propylated, or di-butylated biphenyl, biphenyl oxide, or biphenyl methane.

Abstract: There is disclosed an oil impregnated electric device in which an element of the device is impregnated with a mixture of an arylalkane compound such as 1,1-phenylxylyl ethane and an organic phosphorus compound such as phosphate or phosphite. Such electric device has a high power density (i.e., capable of withstanding high electric field) and a high reliability.