Abstract: This invention provides oligomer-free polyesters that consist essentially of repeating, interpolymerized units derived from isophthalic acid and/or terephthalic acid, and 9,9-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-fluorene, a process for making such polyesters and articles comprising said polyesters such as electrical capacitors, optical films and fibers.

Abstract: A film capacitor having metallic layer electrodes, organic dielectric films interposed between the metallic layer electrodes, and a pair of end surface electrodes disposed at the opposite ends of the capacitor and alternately connected to the metallic layer electrodes. The end surfaces of the dielectric films adjacent to each other and located at the opposite end surfaces of the capacitor are formed with irregularities.

Abstract: Elementary capacitor of high energy density and high voltage, for energy accumulation, discharge, commutation or filtering purposes, comprising two conductive armatures separated by at least one dielectric layer, characterized in that each armature is associated, with at least one layer of a first dielectric, in that each armature is formed by a metallization having a resistance per surface unit of between 2 and 30 ohm, being applied on a second dielectric made of a fibrous support favoring regeneration in such a manner that the capacitor will be regenerating (self-curing), in that the capacitor is impregnated with a liquid dielectric, in that the thickness and the nature of each dielectric as well as the liquid dielectric are so selected to ensure that when the rated voltage is applied, the ratio between the prevailing electric field strength and the disruptive strength is substantially equal for each of the dielectrics.

Abstract: A capacitive structure, in which thermal stresses tending to delaminate its capacitive layers tend to be substantially relieved before such layers delaminate. The capacitive structure is divided into an upper substructure and a lower substructure, each comprising a plurality of capacitive layers, a separating layer being sandwiched between such substructures. The upper substructure comprises an underlying layer of dielectric material. The lower substructure comprises an overlying layer of dielectric material. The separating layer is provided by spraying a colloidal suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene in a liquid carrier containing a suitable binder onto one surface of one of such overlying and underlying layers. The separating layer bonds less aggressively to at least one of the substructures than the substructures would bond to each other if the separating layer were omitted.

Abstract: The poor electrical conduction at an electrical switch contact caused by organopolysiloxane gas can be prevented by providing that a nitrogenous base gas be simultaneously present with the organopolysiloxane gas. Nitrogeneous base gases can be aliphatic amines or aromatic amines.

Abstract: A three-terminal capacitor having high and low voltage electrodes coaxially aligned in a housing which serves as a ground plane includes a non-gaseous dielectric material filling the cavity of the housing. In the preferred embodiments, the dielectric is either a suitable oil or plastic. A source of voltage, that can be used to power for example an external electrical measuring device, can be generated by arranging a tertiary electrode proximate to the high voltage electrode and suitably selecting the ratio of surface areas of the tertiary and high voltage electrodes to produce sufficient current to power the device. Various embodiments of the capacitor also include and internal current transformer which provides a current signal indicative of series current flow through the capacitor. This current signal and the signal appearing on the low voltage electrode can be used to readily provide an indication of the amount of power supplied by a power transmission line to a load situated downstream of the capacitor.

Abstract: An epoxy-encased wound capacitor suitable for being surface mounted and wave soldered to electronic circuitry, e.g. circuit boards and process for making the epoxy-encased wound capacitor. The wound capacitor is formed from winding together lengths of two bilaminar ribbons. The capacitor is then cured by exposing it to ultrasonic energy according to a predefined ultrasonic profile while at substantially the same time, mechanically pressing the capacitor. Contacts are formed on the capacitor and wire leads attached. Subsequently, the capacitor is placed in a flexible, reusable plastic mold featuring lead guides for precisely spacing the leads of the capacitor. Bubble-free epoxy is poured in the molds and heat cured. The epoxy-encased capacitor, suitable for surface mounting and wave soldering, is then removed from the mold.

Abstract: A biaxially-oriented film, suitable for use as an electrically insulating film, is disclosed. The film is composed of a highly-pure electrical film raw material based on polyolefins, in particular propylene polymers, and contains carbonate particles as a neutralizing agent. The carbonate particles preferably have an absolute particle size of less than 10 micrometers, a mean particle diameter of less than 0.1 micrometer, a specific surface area of more than 30 m.sup.2 /g and a degree of whiteness of more than 90%. The film is used as a dielectric in a capacitor and shows improved electrical properties.

Abstract: An all polymer, electrochemically formed, thin film capacitor is provided thout use of any metal foil and found to yield reasonable capacitance values. The capacitor includes an electrochemically formed insulating polymer sandwiched between two electrochemically formed conductive polymers.

Abstract: An aluminum-metallized polyphenylenesulfide film capacitor. The polyphenylenesulfide film serves as at least a portion of dielectric material. The ratio of S/Al at the surface of the aluminum electrode which is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method is not more than 0.14, or the ratio of Cl/Al at the surface of the aluminum electrode is not more than 0.013.

Abstract: A polarizable material having a liquid crystal microstructure comprised of an amphipathic compound and a liquid useful for making electrical storage devices. In one embodiment, the polarizable material is comprised of commercially available solid bar soap and neat soap and employed as the dielectric in a capacitor.

Abstract: A layer of conductive plastic material can be made to exhibit relatively high conductivity with a relatively small amount of electrically conducting particles included in it if the layer is extruded in a lamellate form. Particularly, sublayers having thicknesses of the size of the conducting particles or less being the randomly distributed particles in one sublayer into close proximity with those in adjacent sublayers. Consequently, relatively short conducting paths through the layer are provided. The laminate layer is formed by an extrusion die with a plurality of dividers adapted to divide the extrudate into sublayer prior to recombination for the extrusion of the final layer. The laminate layer can be coextruded with electrically insulating layers to fabricate electrical components such as capacitors.

Abstract: A through type film capacitor comprising a capacitor unit, a through terminal extending axially of the capacitor unit, and an earthing terminal plate connected to one electrode of the capacitor unit. The capacitor unit includes a dielectric film in bellows form having inner and outer surfaces thereof coated with electrodes and fixed in an axially compressed form.

Abstract: The dielectric polymeric film in the inventive film capacitor is formed from a cyanoalkyl-containing organopolysiloxane represented by the average unit formulaR.sup.1.sub.a R.sup.2.sub.b SiO.sub.(4-a-b)/2,in which R.sup.1 is a cyanoalkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, monovalent hydrocarbon group or halogenated monovalent hydrocarbon group, the subscript a is a positive number in the range from 0.8 to 1.8 and the subscript b is zero or a positive number not exceeding 1.0 with the proviso that a+b is in the range from 1.1 to 1.98. As compared with films of conventional cyanoethylated polymers and fluorocarbon resins used for the same purpose, such an organopolysiloxane film is very advantageous as a dielectric film of film capacitors in respect of the large dielectric constant, small dielectric loss, small moisture absorption and excellent thermal stability so that the film capacitor of the invention exhibits greatly upgraded performance.

Abstract: An electrical capacitor and manufacturing method therefore provides at least two dielectric bands each with a metal coat on at least one side to form stacked film, or wound capacitors. Changes in capacitance which are the result of fluctuations in dielectric ply thickness are compensated by corresponding opposite modification of the overlap of the layers. The compensation ensues by a de-metallization device that makes the metal coating wider or narrower on the basis of a control direction depending upon greater or lesser ply thickness.

Abstract: A capacitor in which the capacitive element is impregnated and encapsulated by a composition having a softening point above the normal operating temperature of the capacitor and below the temperature that would occur following a failure of the capacitive element (or in another aspect below the temperature at which the polypropylene film of a polypropylene film capacitor shrinks). In other aspects the composition is a blend of polybutene and polyethylene; and a method of impregnating a capacitor is provided.

Abstract: A dual cavity semiconductor package containing a high voltage (greater than 1500 volts) isolation amplifier includes a ceramic substrate with tungsten metalization thereon defining die bonding and wire bonding sites and interconnections in the two cavities for input and output circuitry of the isolation amplifier, respectively. The metalization also defines a pair of precisely matched planar fringe capacitors forming a high voltage small signal isolation barrier located between the two cavities. A layer of ceramic having apertures therein defining the two cavities is laminated over the substrate. The assembly is cofired at about 2,000.degree. Centrigrade, causing ceramic to fill the gaps between the conductors of the fringe capacitors, providing very high voltage isolation therebetween. Separate tungsten sealing rings are provided around the peripheries of the cavities on the top surface of the second layer.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided which has a function of an organic film condensor. The device comprises a plural number of electroconductive layers each comprising a monomolecular film of an organic molecule having both of an electroconductive site and a hydrophobic site in combination or a built-up film thereof, and a dielectric layer of a monomolecular film of an organic molecule having both of a hydrophobic site in combination or a built-up film thereof between the electroconductive layers laminated on a substrate.

Abstract: A method is described by which the residual moisture can be removed from wound capacitors containing dielectric layers of thermoplastic plastic material, the residual moisture being broken down by electrochemical decomposition and the break-down products removed by vacuum. Capacitors which are subjected to this treatment have a longer service life.

Abstract: A capacitor composed of a consolidated winding or consolidated stack of plastic plies layered to one another and provided with metal coating layers has an incision at a narrow side to form projections. The metal coatings on the individual plastic plies are alternately interrupted by insulating strips from ply to ply and are alternately connected as anti-polar coatings by metal layers situated on the surfaces formed by the projections. The plastic plies have the metal layers on both sides, over which extremely thin plastic layers are applied. A method for manufacturing capacitors provides that the plastic plies be provided with the metal-free insulating strips and that they thereby or subsequently be wound onto a drum, whereupon the incisions are produced and the individual stacks are separated either before or subsequent thereto.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a capacitor of a thermostable polymer film type. The polymer used is polyphenylquinoxaline or polyhydantoin. The polymer film may be obtained by casting with organic solutions. The capacitor can also be obtained with supporting films covered with metallizations coated with this thermostable polymer.

Abstract: Capacitor elements having an ultra thin dielectric layer are made by the method of cutting a metal-deposited polyethylene terephthalate laminated film into a predetermined width, and then separating a metal-deposited polyethylene terephthalate film from the cut laminated film and successively forming the separated metal-deposited polyethylene terephthalate film into a coil. The metal-deposited polyethylene terephthalate laminated film is composed of an oriented ultra thin polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 0.2 to 2.0 .mu.m, on one surface of which a metal layer is formed by vacuum deposition and on the other surface of which a propylene copolymer support film is bonded with an adhesive force of 0.1 to 2.0 g/cm.

Abstract: A capacitor comprises a pair of electrodes with an insulator between the electrodes. The insulator has a primary dielectric with at least one void. A fill dielectric is in the void to improve yield.A method of making a capacitor comprises forming a first electrode, forming a primary dielectric having a void over the electrode, forming a fill dielectric in the void, and forming a second electrode over the dielectrics.

Abstract: Wound capacitors are manufactured by winding foils on a mandrel which is heated sufficiently to set the initial turns without fusing them, thus stabilizing the circular profile produced by the mandrel so that the profile is retained when the mandrel is removed from the wound capacitor.

Abstract: A chip capacitor comprising a plurality of parallel plastic organic film ers which film layers may further include organically bonded ceramic particles, interleaved with multiple thin parallel non-precious metal electrode film layers of aluminum, copper or the like, the capacitor further comprising suitable non-precious metal end caps and connector means the surfaces of adjacent dielectric films and electrodes being bonded together using bonding agents selected to provide the mechanical stability of the film chip capacitor.

Abstract: The multi-layer film comprises a propylene polymer base layer having a stabilizer content of up to 0.2% by weight and outer layers, also composed of propylene polymer, having a stabilizer content of at least 0.3% by weight. The outer layers contain 3 to 10 times the amount of stabilizer present in the base layer, as a result of which the initial value of the dielectric loss factor tan of the multi-layer film is kept low, and the loss factor exhibits only a slight increase with time.

Abstract: A capacitor in which the dielectric material comprises a biaxially oriented polyphenylene sulfide film and the electrodes are thin layers or foils of a metal is provided.The biaxially oriented polyphenylene sulfide film comprises a resin composition mainly consisting of poly-p-phenylene sulfide and having a small-protrusion density, Sd, on the surface in the range of from 20 to 300/mm and a large-protrusion density, Ld, in the range of 5/mm or below.

Abstract: A plastic-film wound capacitor comprising a cast-resin cast-coated cup encapsulation and sheet connecting elements fastened to the front sides of the wound capacitor body and projecting through this encapsulation via slots. The slots are sealed when casting by a pre-cast so that, after complete casting up to the top edge of the cup encapsulation, a moistureproof encapsulation of the wound capacitor body is given.

Abstract: An electrical layer capacitor is formed of a stack of individual capacitors, each of which is formed of a plastic carrier layer, of a metal coating as an electrode applied thereto, of a plastic film as a dielectric generated thereon by glow polymerization, and a further metal coating applied as a cooperating electrode. The metal coatings of a same polarization are conducted to same lateral faces of the stack, and the individual capacitors are limited along a longitudinal direction of the stack by a straight cut at one side and by a wavy cut at the other side.

Abstract: A high-tension capacitor including alternating dielectric layers and electrode layers, the dielectric layers having a synthetic resin film between a layer of highly impregnable and porous material. The capacitor elements having the alternating electrode layers and dielectric layers are surrounded by a highly impregnable electrically insulating material and the assembly is impregnated with a synthetic resin which penetrates the porous layers of the dielectric layers and the insulating material surrounding the capacitor elements. Alternatively, the capacitor elements are impregnated with a resin having a good impregnability and low viscosity and the insulation layer molded around the impregnated capacitor elements can be impregnated with a resin having good strength and high viscosity. A relaxation layer may also be interposed at regular intervals between the electrode layers and dielectric layers for absorbing the shrinking force upon hardening of the synthetic resin.

Abstract: At an end face, an electrical capacitor formed of a consolidated winding of dielectric bands wound with one another, has a circular, oval, or flat cross section. Each is provided with a regenerably thin metal layer as a coating. An incision is employed to create two projections. The coatings alternate from wound layer to wound layer, and extend in these projections up to the ends of the projections, separated by metal-free insulating strips. Thus, antipolar coatings are electrically connected to one another there. The metallized plastic bands are provided with correspondingly arranged metal-free strips which are wound. The windings which result are provided with the incisions.

Abstract: An electrical capacitor formed of metallized dielectric layers connected alternatingly to two power lead projections by the presence or absence of metal-free insulating strips includes a wavy cut edge and a smooth cut edge on alternate dielectric layers to which metal coatings are applied for improved adhesion and electical contact.

Abstract: There is disclosed a laminate comprising alternating polymer sheets and metal layers between the polymer sheets, the laminate being substantially free of adhesive. Each polymer sheet of the laminate has a thickness not exceeding about 25 .mu.m, and the resistivity of the metal layer is from 1 to about 4 ohms/square. Such laminates are useful in making capacitors and piezoelectric multimorphs.A method of making such laminates is also disclosed, wherein a plurality of metal-coated polymer sheets are compressed, in the absence of an adhesive, under pressure sufficient to reduce the thickness of each of the polymeric film layers to a value that is no larger than about 25 .mu.m.

Abstract: An electric capacitor formed of dielectric layers provided on at least one side with metal layers with coatings, and wherein the layers are formed of partially crystallized and pre-shrunk polyethylene terephthalate. The coatings are alternately electrically conductively connected to metal layers applied by the Schoop process with opposing polarity to end faces of the capacitor body. The dielectric layers are arranged to form a stack or are deformed to form a flat-pressed winding. The polyethylene terephthalate dielectric layers have a degree of crystallization of at least 50%, in particular at least 55%, measured by differential thermo-analysis in order to determine the melting point enthalpy. In a method for production of such a capacitor, the capacitor bodies provided with the metal layers are subjected to an additional heat treatment in which the temperature is increased from room temperature to a final temperature of 200.degree. to 250.degree. C. for 1 to 5 hours.

Abstract: A polymeric dielectric having outstanding pyroelectric conversion properties, which essentially consists of a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene in a molar ratio of from about 90:10 to 10:90.

Abstract: An improved electrical insulating oil which is stable in refining treatment and good electrical properties are maintained under high temperature conditions, and oil-filled electrical appliances impregnated therewith. The electrical insulating oil comprises 1,1,-diarylalkenes which are represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 's are the same or different and each of them is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and m and n are integers from 0 to 3, inclusive.

Abstract: A monolithic chip capacitor in which the electrode layers are bonded together at an edge. The capacitor includes an electrically conductive substrate that is electrically connected to the bonded edges of the electrode layers. The capacitor body has end terminal surfaces defined by electrically conductive material across one end of the body that is in electrically conducting contact with the substrate. In one form, the termination material is a folded end of the substrate itself. In another form, an end cap which can be thicker than the substrate, is folded to define the termination surface and to provide another surface in good electrical contact with the substrate.

Abstract: A metalized film for constructing capacitors formed from a flexible dielectric support medium comprising on at least one of its faces metalized parallel strips partially covered by lacquer strips parallel to the preceding ones, two successive metalized strips being partially covered by a lacquer strip whereas two successive lacquer strips partially cover the same metalized strip.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of electrical plasma-polymer multilayer capacitors wherein alternate layers of thin metal conductors and dielectric layers produced by radiation polymerization are deposited on a substrate, after which the portions of the metal layers to which electrical contact is to be made are etched, preferably by sputter etching, to remove oxides therefrom. Then, contact layers are applied to the opposite end faces of the substrate to provide electrical connections for the portions of the metal layers which have been etched, the contact layers consisting of the sequence (1) an aluminum layer, (2) a nickel layer, and (3) a palladium layer.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid for a metallized polypropylene film capacitor consisting essentially of Glyceryl Tri(acetoxystearate).

Abstract: A plasma-deposited silicon compound thin film dielectric for use in a thin film capacitor. The film is produced in a high frequency glow discharge with a substrate heated to a temperature in excess of 50.degree. C. A thin film capacitor using such a film has a lower dissipation factor and a reduced tendency to age.

Abstract: An impregnated, wound capacitor comprises dielectric strips (1) which consists at least partially of plastic foils swelled by the impregnant. The electrodes of regenerably thin metal layers are connected at the end faces (S, S') of the capacitor coil with end contact layers. Impregnation holes (L) are arranged in the dielectrically active part of the coil such that the maximum spacing r, between successive holes on the capacitor surface, is equal to R=r .sqroot.3, where r is the impregnation reach.

Abstract: An oil-filled capacitor which can be made small in size and has excellent electrical characteristics. The capacitor of the present invention is characterized in that it is made by impregnating a film-wound capacitor element with 1-phenyl-1-(benzylphenyl)ethane, at least a part of the dielectric material of said capacitor being made of a plastic film.

Abstract: Capacitors comprising at least one electrode pair, the electrodes of the pair, and the electrode pairs, if more than one, being separated by a dielectric member, said dielectric member comprising a polymer of at least one polyacrylate polyether pre-polymer. The capacitor structure may comprise a single dielectric coating separating two electrodes, or it may comprise a plurality of alternating electrode layers and dielectric coatings.

Abstract: There is disclosed a layered capacitive sensor for detecting loads and load variations thereon comprising two outer protective layers, a first electrically conductive layer, a first electrically insulating layer, a second electrically conductive layer, a second electrically insulating layer, and a third electrically conductive layer, the several layers being supplied in roll or coil form and cut to the desired size. In particular the electrically conductive layers are made of a metal, while the insulating layers are made of yieldable expanded polyethylene.

Abstract: A discharge capacitor having an energy density of at least 0.4 J/cm.sup.3, perferably for defibrillators, comprising at least one plastic dielectric foil and two electrically conductive armatures (4) separated by the plastic foil is rolled up and enclosed in a housing (60) and has an operating voltage in the range of 600 V to 6000 V and an electric energy accumulation capacity of 10 J to 500 J. Each armature (4) coacts with at least one of the plastic foils (6, 7, 86, 87, 88). Each armature is formed by a metallization (4) and is applied to a paper foil (5) impregnated with a liquid dielectric to provide a regenerating capacity. The impregnated foil is superimposed upon one of the plastic foils so that the capacitor takes the form of a regenerating (self-curing) capacitor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a synthetic resin film wound capacitor, in particular a flat wound capacitor in a chip configuration, comprising a casing of a material that retains its shape under the effect of heat, for example a thermosetting synthetic resin, and connecting elements of a thin sheet metal attached to the ends of the capacitor such that sections of which project from the casing and are angled with respect to the frontal side of the capacitor. This synthetic resin film capacitor in a chip configuration resists thermal stresses during the overhead soldering of assembled printed circuits and therefore extends the possible applications of synthetic resin film capacitors. Also disclosed is a process for the manufacture of a capacitor according to the present invention.

Abstract: Capacitor comprising a first metallized film electrode, a second metallized film electrode capacitively coupled to, and longer than, the first metallized film electrode, each metallized film electrode having an electrically non-conducting plastic substrate with a metal coating, a metal foil electrode capacitively coupled to the second metallized film electrode in the zone beyond the end of the first metallized film electrode, a first plastic film intermediate the metal foil electrode and the second metallized film electrode, each of its ends extending beyond each end of the metal foil electrode to prevent the edges of the metal foil electrode from penetrating the plastic substrate of the second metallized film electrode, and a second plastic film adjacent to the metal foil electrode on the side opposite the first plastic film to insulate the metal foil electrode from the metal coating.

Abstract: A capacitor comprising a consolidated stack of mutually layered dielectric plies which are provided with a respective metal layer as coating. An incision is provided at one side by means of which the individual dielectric plies are lent projections on which, alternating from ply-to-ply, the coatings are interrupted by means of insulating strips so that the metallizations situated on the surfaces formed by the projections alternately connect antipolar coatings to one another. A method of the invention provides that metallized plastic tapes be provided with corresponding, metal-free strips and be thereafter wound onto a drum, whereupon the incisions are produced in the occurring mother capacitors and the individual stacks are subsequently separated from the mother capacitors.

Abstract: A chip film capacitor laminated at both sides with vapor coated metal electrodes and heat resistant films of heat resistant resin dielectrics, the laminated body having at both sides common metal electrode element, which is characterized by providing no lead wire and being soldered directly onto a substrate.