Abstract: An electronic device according to various embodiments disclosed in this document may include: a display panel; a recognition member disposed under the display panel and including a conductive pattern to recognize a signal from a pen input device; a first shielding member disposed under the recognition member; and a second shielding member disposed under the first shielding member and made of a material different than the first shielding member, wherein the second shielding member includes a component region corresponding to at least one electronic component disposed under the second shielding member, and wherein at least a portion of the second shielding member is removed from the component region.

Abstract: A composite magnetic material comprises spherical soft magnetic metal powder incorporated in the composite magnetic material in a dispersed manner, a flame retardant incorporated in the composite magnetic material in a dispersed manner; and a binder configured to bind the soft magnetic metal powder and the flame retardant. The composite magnetic material is formed and processed into a sheet shape. The composite magnetic material has a volume occupancy of the soft magnetic metal powder of 45 vol % or more and 68 vol % or less.

Abstract: In order to prevent a short-circuit failure between a conductive connecting portion (1) that is provided as a countermeasure against external electrical noises and an electronic circuit, a structure is adopted where a large number of electronic components (8) are mounted on a circuit board (5) that is mounted on a base (7), a metal cover (6) is disposed so as to cover upper portions of the electronic components (8), opening portions (3) are formed in the circuit board (5) at four positions on a periphery of the circuit board (5), protruding members (12) that are integrally formed with the base (7) are disposed at four positions respectively in alignment with the positions where the opening portions (3) are formed, the protruding members (12) are made to pass through the opening portions (3) at four positions from a back surface side of the circuit board (5) to protrude to a front surface side of the circuit board 5, the conductive connecting portions (1) are arranged in an outside direction with respect to th

Abstract: A process variable transmitter includes a process variable sensor, and an electromagnetic interference (EMI) protection circuit coupled to the process variable sensor. The process variable transmitter also includes a hermetic module enclosing the EMI protection circuit, and electrical connectors coupled to the EMI protection circuit within the hermetic module. The electrical connectors are configurable from outside the hermetic module to connect electronic components of the EMI protection circuit in a configuration that provides transient protection.

Abstract: An electronic device according to one embodiment may include: a transparency layer; a pixel layer disposed under the transparency layer, and including pixels that emit light in a visible ray and for displaying a content through the transparency layer; a display panel disposed under the pixel layer, and including a substrate layer including switches operating the pixels; a bio-sensor disposed under the display panel, and enabling acquisition of biometric information by using reflected light obtained through reflection, by an external object, of light output through the pixels; and a coating reflecting external light in an infrared ray band transmitted to the substrate layer, and allowing transmission of the light in a visible ray band, wherein the coating is formed between the transparency layer and the display panel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an antenna module that includes solder balls provided on a surface of the element body having an antenna element. The solder balls include a signal ball disposed at an intersection between the second row virtual line and the second column virtual line and first to fourth ground balls disposed, out of a plurality of intersections between the first to third row virtual lines and the first to third column virtual lines, at any of intersections other than those at which the signal ball is disposed. No solder ball is disposed, out of the intersections between the plurality of row and column virtual lines, at least at some of the plurality of intersections other than those at which the first signal ball or first to fourth ground balls are disposed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electronic device and printed circuit board (PCB). The electronic device includes: a housing, the PCB disposed in the housing, a first shielding part including a first shielding member having a closed shape, disposed on a first surface of the PCB, a second shielding part including a second shielding member having a closed shape, a shielding cover covering the first shielding part and the second shielding part, wherein the first shielding member and the second shielding member contact each other at a first location and a second location on the first surface, wherein a third shielding part is defined between the first shielding member and the second shielding member, and wherein the shielding cover is disposed to correspond to the first shielding part, the second shielding part, and the third shielding part.

Abstract: Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields having attenuation interfaces are disclosed. A disclosed example EMI shield includes side walls defining sides of the EMI shield, and an attenuation interface to be placed into contact with a circuit board. The attenuation interface includes an inner perimeter having an EMI absorber and an outer perimeter having a metal backing to at least partially surround the EMI absorber.

Abstract: A ruler device module is disclosed that includes top and bottom plates that are parallel, with the bottom plate defining a tray where the bottom plate extends beyond the top plate. The module further includes a pair of side plates on opposite sides of, and extending between, the top and bottom plate, with each side plate including a slot. Partitions are perpendicular to and between the top and bottom plates forming bays between adjacent partitions and the top and bottom plates. A handle structure is between the top and bottom plates and includes a handle configured to rotate between a recessed position and a use position. A nut structure is between the top plate and the bottom plate. The nut structure includes an aperture configured to engage a fastener of a chassis to secure the ruler device module to the chassis.

Abstract: An electronic device including a substrate on which an electronic component is mounted according to various embodiments may include: a first electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield configured to shield the electronic component included in a first region of the substrate; and a second EMI shield supported by at least a part of the first EMI shield and configured to shield the electronic component included in a second region of the substrate.

Abstract: An image capture device includes a housing and a heatsink that forms an integral portion of the housing and draws heat from a heat generating component of the heatsink. The image capture device includes a circuit board enclosed by the housing and comprising a chip. The image capture device includes a gasket that connects the heatsink and the circuit board. The gasket encloses sides of the chip and the heatsink encloses a top of the chip so that electromagnetic interference does not affect other components of the image capture device.

Abstract: An electronic computing device with a self-shielding antenna. An electronic computing device may include a frame, an antenna, and an antenna shielding. The frame includes a top cover and a bottom cover. Electronic components are included in a space formed between the top cover and the bottom cover. The antenna is for wireless transmission and reception and included in the frame near an edge of the frame. The antenna shielding is disposed around the antenna for providing electro-magnetic shielding from radio frequency (RE) noises generated from the electronic components included in the frame. The antenna shielding may be a metal wall disposed between the top cover and the bottom cover around the antenna. The frame may be a metallic frame and may include a cut-out in the top cover and the bottom cover above and below the antenna, and a non-metallic cover may be provided in the cut-out.

Abstract: This invention relates to electrical junction box covers for temporary use during application of drywall and other finish work. Electrical junction boxes include any type of electrical outlet or switch box, including communication boxes for cable, Ethernet, phone, or any other related system. The covers of the invention prevent debris from entering the electrical junction boxes during the application of drywall and finish work. The covers protect electrical and data cabling and provide substantial efficiencies in construction of residential and commercial structures.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a heat generating body including a first heat dissipation member on a first surface, a battery including a second heat dissipation member on a second surface, a third heat dissipation member in contact with a support body, and a fourth heat dissipation member. The fourth heat dissipation member is sandwiched between the first heat dissipation member and the third heat dissipation member in a state in which at least a portion of the fourth heat dissipation member is in contact with the first surface via the first heat dissipation member, and an other portion of the fourth heat dissipation member is in contact with the second surface of the battery via the second heat dissipation member.

Abstract: Various circuit board systems and methods of use and manufacture thereof are disclosed. A circuit board system can have a first circuit board including a substrate and a first component susceptible to electromagnetic interference carried by the substrate. The system can also include a second circuit board including a second substrate, and a shield engaged to the substrate of the first component, the shield at least partially covering the first component and being configured to protect the first component from electromagnetic interference, wherein the shield couples the substrate of the first circuit board to the substrate of the second circuit board.

Abstract: Presented herein is an air vent including a plate, and a non-uniform array of openings extending through a thickness of the plate. The non-uniform array of openings arranged to admit a flow of cooling air through the plate. The plate and the non-uniform array of openings are arranged to attenuate electromagnetic interference (EMI) emitted through the plate.

Abstract: A split enclosure apparatus for fan-less cooling may be provided. The apparatus may comprise a device and a housing. The device may comprise a plurality of components. The housing may enclose the device and may comprise a first external surface, a second external surface, and a joint between the first external surface and the second external surface. The first external surface may be dedicated to cooling a first one of the plurality of components. The second external surface may be dedicated to cooling a second one of the plurality of components. The joint between the first external surface and the second external surface may be electrically conductive and thermally resistive.

Abstract: A thermal component has a shield portion and a heat exchanger portion. The shield portion includes a plurality of cells adapted to inhibit radio radiation (RF) having a frequency within a target frequency range, while the heat exchanger portion includes a plurality of elongated channels, each one of the elongated channels being physically connected to and in fluid communication with at least one corresponding cell of the plurality of cells.

Abstract: A cable assembly includes a cable having an insulator holding a first signal conductor and a second signal conductor and a cable shield surrounding the insulator. Exposed portions of the signal conductors extend forward of an end of the insulator for termination to a circuit card. The cable assembly includes a ground clip coupled to the end of the cable. The ground clip includes a bottom ground rake below the cable and a top ground hood above the cable. The bottom ground rake includes a window that receives the exposed portions of the first and second signal conductors therethrough. The bottom ground rake includes a lower grounding tab electrically connected to a lower portion of the cable shield and the top ground hood includes an upper grounding tab electrically connected to an upper portion of the cable shield. The bottom ground rake is coupled to the circuit card to support the cable relative to the circuit card.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multi-layered window or door system for EMP protection. This may include a frame-shaped window or door frame, a plurality of shielding materials disposed on a side of the window or door frame to be spaced apart from each other, a first bracket disposed between the plurality of shielding materials and supported by an elastic mechanism, and a second bracket disposed outside an outermost shielding material among the plurality of shielding materials and supported by a cylinder.

Abstract: A semiconductor package may include a substrate, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) provided on a first portion of a surface of the substrate, a memory device provided on a second portion of the surface of the substrate, and a stiffener plate provided on a third portion of the surface of the substrate. The stiffener plate may be spaced from and may surround the ASIC and the memory device. The semiconductor package may include an electromagnetic interference (EMI) absorber provided on a fourth portion of the surface of the substrate. The EMI absorber may be provided between the stiffener plate and the ASIC and the memory device. The EMI absorber may surround the ASIC and the memory device and may block EMI radiation generated by the ASCI and the memory device.

Abstract: A circuit board includes a flexible circuit board layer, a rigid circuit board layer, a chip connection portion, and a bending portion. The chip connection portion includes at least part of the flexible circuit board layer and at least part of the rigid circuit board layer overlapping the flexible circuit board layer. The bending portion includes at least part of the flexible circuit board layer and at least part of the rigid circuit board layer overlapping the flexible circuit board layer. The bending portion is connected to the chip connection portion in an invertible manner, after the bending portion is inverted to the rear side of the chip connection portion, a part of the flexible circuit board layer of the bending portion and a part of the flexible circuit board layer of the chip connection portion are arranged face-to-face.

Abstract: Microwave packaging uses signal vias and interposers, such as metal lead frame interposers. For example, the microwave circuit die includes signal vias that electrically connect the top side and the bottom side of the die. Microwave signal circuitry on the die have signal paths that are electrically connected to the top side of the signal vias. The microwave signal circuitry typically may have an operating frequency of 300 MHz or faster. The bottom side of the signal vias are electrically connected to corresponding areas on the top side of the interposer. The bottom side of the die may also include a ground plane, with ground vias that electrically connect the top side of the die to the ground plane.

Abstract: An electronic device having an aluminum or copper foil heat dissipator includes a casing, an electronic structure disposed in the casing, and an aluminum or copper foil heat dissipator. A surface of the electronic structure has a heat source element. The aluminum or copper foil heat dissipator is a 3D aluminum or copper foil structure formed by stamping and includes a bottom, a surrounding portion, and a 3D space formed between the bottom and the surrounding portion. The bottom is thermal conductively coupled to the heat source element. A surface of the aluminum or copper foil heat dissipator is partially/entirely thermal conductively coupled to an inner surface of the casing. With the characteristics of aluminum or copper foil that is easy to expand into a 3D shape during processing and could closely fit the inner surface, the heat generated by the heat source element could be dissipated from the 3D aluminum or copper foil with a large contact area, achieving better heat dissipation effect.

Abstract: A microwave cooking appliance for increasing visibility into the cooking cavity. The microwave cooking appliance may include a door. The door may include a conductive mesh layer. The door may include a frame supporting the conductive mesh layer. The door may include a conductive and/or sealing engagement between the conductive mesh layer and the frame.

Abstract: An information handling system EMI shield system couples to a circuit board to enclose an electronic device in a Faraday cage and includes a surface painted with a graphene paint to aid in dissipation of excess thermal energy from the electronic device. The EMI shield system has a frame that couples to the circuit board and interfaces with ground to define a boundary around an electronic device connector and has a shield that couples as a separate piece over the frame to enclose the electronic device. Graphene paint applied to some or all of the shield encourages rejection of excess thermal energy from within shield.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are disclosed for capacitive touch sensing using system-in-package components. In one embodiment, a device may include a flexible printed circuit, and a first system-in-package disposed on a first side of the flexible printed circuit. The first system-in-package may include a first molding compound, and a first electromagnetic interference shield disposed around an outer surface of the first molding compound. The device may include a first capacitive touch sensor, and a first stiffener disposed on a second side of the flexible printed circuit, where the first stiffener can be formed of a conductive material, and can be electrically coupled to both the flexible printed circuit and the first capacitive touch sensor. The first capacitive touch sensor may be configured to detect a change in capacitance via a change in electric field at the first electromagnetic interference shield.

Abstract: An optical port shielding and fastening apparatus is configured to be installed in the optical module. The optical module includes a housing assembly and an optical component located in the housing assembly. The optical port shielding and fastening apparatus includes a fastener and an electromagnetic wave absorbing piece. The fastener is fastened in the housing assembly. The electromagnetic wave absorbing piece is fastened on a side that is of the fastener and that faces an outside of the housing assembly. A first mounting hole and a second mounting hole are correspondingly provided on the fastener and the electromagnetic wave absorbing piece. The optical component passes through the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole in sequence. This application provides an optical port shielding and fastening apparatus, an optical module, and a communications device, to resolve poor optical port shielding performance of an optical module in the related technology.

Abstract: A component includes a main member that includes a first surface that opposes a circuit board, the component being mounted to the circuit board during an assembly procedure, and a plurality of legs that protrude from the first surface, the plurality of legs having ends, wherein the component is mounted on the circuit board with the ends of the plurality of legs fixed to the circuit board, each of the ends of the plurality of legs includes an end surface that opposes the circuit board at time of the assembly procedure, and also includes a bevel that is continuous with the end surface and inclined with respect to the end surface, and an interior angle formed between the end surface and the bevel is larger than or equal to 120° and smaller than or equal to 170°.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a shielding film is provided. The method includes providing a band of an amorphous soft magnetic alloy; thermally treating the band at a temperature of 500° C. to 600° C. for 1 minute to 1 hour under an N2- or H2-containing atmosphere and under the Earth's magnetic field, thereby creating a nanocrystalline soft magnetic band with a round hysteresis loop; applying an adhesive layer to at least one side of the band; and wherein the band is first applied to a substrate, then thermally treated, after which an adhesive film is applied to the band and, finally, the band is structured by breaking.

Abstract: There is provided a method which includes placing a component on a substrate and extending an alignment member through an opening in the substrate. Once the alignment member is extended through the opening, the component is moved to abut against the alignment member to align the component relative to the substrate. After the component is aligned relative to the substrate, the component is secured to the substrate and the alignment member is retracted through the opening.

Abstract: Examples described herein relate to a tool-less manner of forming an assembly with a circuit board carrier enclosure that provide leaf springs that provide a force against a circuit board to maintain a level surface of the circuit board. Multiple leaf springs can be used to apply a desired force to the circuit board. A heat sink can be mounted in the enclosure at a distance from the circuit board. The circuit board with carrier can be inserted without tools into an electrical connection for communications with other devices.

Abstract: A method of allowing access to a receptacle for securing a package includes: sensing an opening and closing of the lid; activating, in response to determining the lid is sufficiently closed, the lock mechanism to transition from the unlocked state to the locked state; scanning an email message in a user's email account to identify a reference or tracking number of a second package; parsing the email message to obtain a delivery code; receiving entry of the delivery code; activating the lock mechanism based on entry of the delivery code to transition from the locked state to the unlocked state; sensing a second opening and closing of the lid; activating the lock mechanism to transition from the unlocked state to the locked state; receiving information corresponding to entry of an access code; activating the lock mechanism to transition from the locked state to the unlocked state.

Abstract: A container for communication devices and communication systems used in cellular networks. There is a need for resilient systems that can withstand extreme weather events. Cellular network infrastructure located close to coastal regions is particularly prone to disruptive failures. A container for an electronic communications device is also provided including: a housing that surrounds at least one mounting plate on which electrical devices and electronic devices are supported. The housing is received around a top edge by a recess in a top plate and around a bottom edge by a recess in a bottom plate. The top and bottom plates are clamped to seal the housing. In some embodiments the housing is connected to a sea borne infrastructure such as buoy. Node frames enable a communications infrastructure that has no single point of failure.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an electronic device includes a processor, a frame disposed at a rear side of the processor, a cylindrical battery disposed at a rear side of the frame, a composite sheet having at least one heat insulating member surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical battery and at least one thermally conductive member surrounding the heat insulating member, and a heat sink disposed at a rear side of the composite sheet.

Abstract: The invention concerns a cushion or cushioning comprising, a cover an outer covering layer, a middle foam layer and an inner mesh layer. The cushion also includes an electric circuit connected to an electric generator, the circuit being made from conductive ink deposited on a support layer. The circuit extends opposite the complex; a block of elastically compressible padding, the support layer being formed either by the inner layer, or by an additional mesh layer interposed between the inner layer and the block.

Abstract: A power phase module has at least one first DC terminal pair on a face of the power phase module with respective connection elements for connection to a current bar pair. The power phase module further has a first DC capacitor terminal pair on the face being spaced apart from the first DC terminal pair and connected in parallel with it and having respective connection elements for connection to an intermediate circuit capacitor module associated with the power phase module. The power phase module further has a first AC terminal on another side of the power phase module and a switching device connected with the first AC terminal and the first DC terminal pair for converting a direct voltage. The power phase module further has a cooling device to carry heat out of the power phase module. Further proposed are a converter and a rail vehicle with a converter.

Abstract: A hollow shielding structure for different types of circuit elements is provided. The hollow shielding structure includes at least one element mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB), a shield dam surrounding the at least one element, and a shield cover is configured to be electrically coupled to an upper portion of the shield dam and cover the at least one element, with a gap formed between the at least one element and the shield cover.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit board comprises a conducting layer that includes a first signal line, a first ground plane and a second ground plane. A first shielding via extends from a third ground plane to a fourth ground plane and extends through the first ground plane to electrically connect the first ground plane, the third ground plane and the fourth ground plane. A second shielding via extends from the third ground plane to the fourth ground plane. The first ground plane, the second ground plane, the third ground plane, the fourth ground plane, the first shielding via and the second shielding via, together, circumferentially surround the first signal line to minimize electromagnetic interference with the first signal line.

Abstract: A magnetic film includes one or more magnetically conductive layers. Each magnetically conductive layer is cracked to form a plurality of first through-cracks defining a plurality of magnetically conductive segments. The first through-cracks extend along a first direction and form a first regular pattern along an orthogonal second direction at a first pitch P1, such that a Fourier transform of the first regular pattern has a first peak along the second direction at a first spatial frequency corresponding to the first pitch P1. The first through-cracks have an average length L1 along the first direction. L1/P1 is greater than or equal to 5.

Abstract: An electrical device adapted to operate at a high operating ambient temperature includes an electrical component mounted inside a casing, a transmission/reception antenna and at least one electrical and mechanical connection between the electrical component and the antenna. The electrical and mechanical connection comprises a metal pad positioned under the casing, the antenna being connected to the pad; an electrical connection tab having a first end connected to the electrical component; and fixing means adapted to secure the pad and a second end of the connection tab of the component. The device is applicable to, for example, temperature sensors of the surface guided elastic wave type.

Abstract: An electronic component package (100) includes a resin layer (40), an electronic component (10), a grounding member (30), and a conductor film (50). The grounding member (30) includes a multilayer body (31) and an outer conductor (32) disposed at an end portion of the multilayer body (31) in a lamination direction. The multilayer body (31) includes at least one resin film (31a) and at least one pattern conductor (31b) laminated one on another, and at least one via conductor (31c) extending in the lamination direction and connected to the outer conductor (32). In the multilayer body (31), at least one of the pattern conductor (31b) has at least part of a circumference connected to a conductor film (50) and electrically connected to the via conductor (31c). Part of an external terminal and part of the outer conductor (32) are exposed from an identical surface of the resin layer (40).

Abstract: An optical module includes a housing, at least one optical assembly and at least one sealing member. The housing includes a housing body, a cover and at least one vent hole therein. At least part of each optical assembly is located in the housing body. Each sealing member is located at a respective one of the at least one vent hole. The sealing member has a central axis and includes a first cylinder, a truncated cone, and a second cylinder, a diameter of the first cylinder is greater than a diameter of the second cylinder. Each vent hole is a stepped hole including a portion with a first aperture and a portion with a second aperture, the first aperture is greater than the second aperture. The first cylinder fits the portion with the first aperture, and the second cylinder fits the portion with the second aperture.

Abstract: A circuit assembly includes a printed circuit board (PCB), and a power management arrangement positioned on and electrically coupled to the PCB. The power management arrangement includes a substrate, a power management circuit chip positioned on and electrically coupled to the substrate, and a shield can positioned over the substrate and providing electromagnetic shielding for the power management chip. The circuit assembly further includes a self-shielded coil positioned on and electrically coupled to the PCB, wherein the self-shielded coil is positioned adjacent to the power management arrangement.

Abstract: According to various embodiments of the present invention, an electronic device comprises: a connector comprising a conductive shell and at least one terminal arranged inside the conductive shell; a capacitor; and a circuit board comprising a first board layer at least partially facing the connector, a second board layer formed beneath the first board layer, and at least one third board layer formed between the first board layer and the second board layer.

Abstract: Conventional internal combustion engine technology has been around for decades and historically has been the primary power source for virtually all industrial equipment. It relies on carbon-based fuels, is loud, polluting, and the machines it powers are expensive to operate and maintain. A self-contained, rechargeable battery system is provided that possesses improved power than comparable diesel and gas engines and it generates zero emissions, is virtually maintenance free, is quiet, and recharges overnight via a standard electrical outlet. The rechargeable battery power system can be installed in new and used construction equipment and may be used wherever a source of power is required including smart grid application. It can be safely used indoors, in neighborhoods and other locations sensitive to the side effects of internal combustion engines. There is a battery management system that controls sequential shutdown system and a power reserve system to control operation of the battery.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate opposing the first substrate, a wiring substrate connected to the first substrate, a cover member located on an opposite side to the first substrate so as to interpose the second substrate therebetween and a conductive layer maintained at a predetermined potential, and the first substrate includes an extension portion extending further from the second substrate, the wiring substrate is connected to the extension portion, the cover member includes a first surface opposing the extension portion, and the conductive layer overlaps the extension portion in plan view.

Abstract: An electrical connector set includes a socket and two plugs. The socket includes a connector casing forming two adjacent insertion slots. The two insertion slots are arranged in an arrangement direction and extend parallel to an insertion direction. The connector casing includes a dividing wall, separating the two insertion slots. The dividing wall has an indentation at the insertion openings of the two insertion slots. The two plugs can be inserted into the two insertion slots in the insertion direction respectively. Each plug has two protrusions at two opposite sides thereof in the arrangement direction. The two protrusions are staggered in a vertical direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction and the insertion direction. When the two plugs are inserted into the two insertion slots, the two protrusions between the two plugs are located in the indentation and staggered in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A high frequency signal cross-layer transmission structure in a multi-layer printed circuit board includes a bottom metal layer, a middle metal layer and a top metal layer. The bottom metal layer includes a bottom ground plane and a bottom conductive area. The middle metal layer includes a middle ground plane. The top metal layer includes a top ground plane and a top conductive area. The bottom ground plane defines and surrounds a bottom annular clearance area. The middle ground plane defines and surrounds a middle clearance area. The top ground plane defines and surrounds a top annular clearance area. The bottom annular clearance area surrounds at least one part of the bottom conductive area. The top annular clearance area surrounds at least one part of the top conductive area. A size-shape of the top annular clearance area is different from a size-shape of the middle clearance area.

Abstract: A coil component includes: a body having one surface and the other surface opposing each other in one direction; a coil portion including a coil pattern having at least one turn around the one direction, and embedded in the body; an external electrode disposed on the one surface of the body and connected to the coil portion; a shielding layer disposed on the other surface of the body; and an insulating layer disposed between the body and the shielding layer.