Abstract: Technologies for protocol execution include a command device to broadcast a protocol message to a plurality of computing devices and receive an aggregated status message from an aggregation system. The aggregated status message identifies a success or failure of execution of instructions corresponding with the protocol message by the plurality of computing devices such that each computing device of the plurality of computing devices that failed is uniquely identified and the success of remaining computing devices is aggregated into a single success identifier.

Abstract: In one embodiment, Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) is implemented using Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Segment Routing (SRv6) underlay network and SRv6-enhanced Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) signaling. A particular route associated with a particular Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Segment Routing (SRv6) Segment Identifier (SID) is advertised in a particular route advertisement message of a routing protocol (e.g., BGP). The SID includes encoding representing a particular Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) Layer 2 (L2) flooding Segment Routing end function of the particular router and a particular Ethernet Segment Identifier (ESI), with the particular SID including a routable prefix to the particular router. The particular router receives a particular packet including the particular SID; and in response, the particular router performs the particular EVPN end function on the particular packet.

Abstract: A controller includes: a communication port and a connection port that allow communication with another controller; and a hardware processor coupled to the ports. The hardware processor is configured to: transmit a first state signal indicating a state of the controller of an own device to the other controller from each port; receive a second state signal indicating a state of the other controller from the other controller via each of the ports; and switch, when the own device is in a standby state, the own device from the standby state to an operating state, when a breakdown of the other controller indicated by the received second state signal and an unreceived state in which the second state signal is not received for a predetermined time or more from both the communication and connection ports are monitored and at least one of the breakdown and the unreceived state is detected.

Abstract: A media router for down-sampled video routing is provided. The media router includes input cards, cross-point cards and output cards. The input cards include input terminals to receive high bandwidth video signals, a compression module to compress the high bandwidth video signals to generate low bandwidth video signals, and output terminals to transmit the low bandwidth video signals. The cross-point cards include input ports to receive the low bandwidth video signals generated by the input cards, output ports to transmit the low bandwidth video signals, and a cross-point switch for routing the low bandwidth video signals between the input ports and a designated output port. The output cards include input ports to receive the compressed video signal from a cross-point card, a decompression module for converting the compressed video signal into an uncompressed video signal, and output ports for transmitting the uncompressed video signal.

Abstract: A network element includes at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the network element to: designate a first user plane function, from among the plurality of user plane functions, as a designated broadcast forwarder from which to receive broadcast control traffic, and receive the broadcast control traffic forwarded from the first user plane function, from among the plurality of user plane functions.

Abstract: Techniques for advertising device inspection capabilities to enhance network traffic inspections are described herein. The techniques may include determining, by a first inspection device of a network, that a second inspection device is disposed within the network. The first inspection device may also receive, from the second inspection device, an indication that the second inspection device is capable of performing a first type of inspection. The techniques may also include receiving, at the first inspection device, a packet that is to be sent through the network along a path that includes the second inspection device. Based at least in part on the path including the second inspection device, the first inspection device may refrain from performing the first type of inspection on the packet at the first inspection device such that the second inspection device can perform the first type of inspection on the packet.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for configuring interface devices of a portable communication system. One interface device is configured as a primary device and the other interface devices are configured as secondary devices. The primary device can be used to facilitate communication between portable devices of the portable communication system and/or to facilitate communication between a portable device and a remote communication center. An interface device can receive priority factor information about an interface device operating as a primary device via a beacon signal. The received priority factor information is then compared to the interface device's own priority factor information to determine which interface device should be the primary device. The process of determining a primary device from two interface devices can be repeated, as needed, to have one interface device designated as the primary device and the remaining interface devices designated as secondary devices.

Abstract: Described in detail herein are systems and methods for routing data in a distributed environment. A controller can maintain an inactive state. A terminal can receive a request associated with a physical object. The terminal can be communicatively coupled to a cloud computing system. The terminal can attempt to transmit the request to the cloud computing system. A router communicatively coupled to the controller and cloud computing system can attempt to initiate communication between the terminal and the cloud computing system in response to the terminal attempt to transmit the request to the cloud computing system. The router can route the request to the controller in response to failing to initiate communication between the terminal and the cloud computing system after specified amount of time. The controller can switch from an inactive state to an active state in response to receiving the request.

Abstract: A method for automating a driving function. The method includes an activation of a process controlling the driving function is triggered using an activation condition modelled by a trigger, and the process is temporally controlled by an activation manager during the controlling of the driving function.

Abstract: A distributed computing system is provided, including a server executing a mobility service, and a first computing device executing a first hypervisor implementing a first mobility client configured to detect an attachment of a virtual machine to the first hypervisor, and a second computing device executing a second hypervisor implementing a second mobility client configured to detect an attachment of the virtual machine to the second hypervisor, and send a message to the first computing device indicating the attachment of the virtual machine to the second hypervisor. The first mobility client is further configured to store network routing information indicating a network location of the virtual machine, receive network traffic for the virtual machine, and forward the network traffic to the second hypervisor based on the stored network routing information.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A wireless communications system may support one or more communication devices (e.g., user equipment (UE)) operating according to an aperiodic (e.g., and dynamic) discontinuous reception (DRX) mode. For example, a UE may communicate with a device in the wireless communications system (e.g., a base station, another UE) according to a periodic DRX mode. In response to a transition indication, the UE may dynamically transition to the aperiodic DRX mode and may operate according to the aperiodic DRX mode for a duration. To operate according to the aperiodic DRX mode, the UE may be configured to disable a first set of communication operations for the duration, perform a second set of communication operations during the duration, or a combination thereof (e.g., across component carriers of a carrier group, across component carriers of a DRX group).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and method for transmitting data from a sending device to a receiving device. In one aspect, an exemplary method comprises, receiving, by a first logical object created for the sending device, a request for a connection to the receiving device from an application, establishing, by a second logical object created for the sending device, a bidirectional connection between each pair of a third logical object created for the sending device and a third logical object created for the receiving device, pre-processing, by the first logical object created for the sending device, data received from the application, selecting, by the second logical object created for the sending device, one or more established bidirectional connections for transmitting the pre-processed data, and sending, by the first logical object created for the sending device, the pre-processed data, to the receiving device via the selected connections.

Abstract: A network node including a processor coupled to a memory. The processor is configured to receive instructions from the memory which, when executed by the processor, cause the network node to receive a path computation request, calculate a first path from a first ingress node to an egress node, calculate a second path from a second ingress node to a destination node, transmit a first message comprising the first path to the first ingress node, and transmit a second message comprising the second path to the second ingress node.

Abstract: A system is provided where one of a first device or a second device is supplied with power by the other one of the first device or the second device. Supplying may be done via a universal serial bus cable like a universal serial bus Type-C cable.

Abstract: Embodiments for handling multidestination traffic in a network are described. The multidestination traffic includes packets that are in transit to a multihomed destination in the network. Upon determining the destination is multihomed, a network switch determines a hash value from a selection of header values in the network traffic and uses the hash value to determine if the network switch is a designated forwarder for the multihomed destination. The network switch handles the network traffic according to a designated forwarder status.

Abstract: A network node including a memory and a processor coupled to the memory. The processor configured to receive instructions from the memory which, when executed by the processor, cause the network node to receive a path computation request; calculate a first path from a first ingress node to an egress node; calculate a second path from a second ingress node to the egress node; transmit a first message using border gateway protocol (BGP), the first message comprising the first path to the first ingress node; and transmit a second message using BGP, the second message comprising the second path and an ingress protection indicator to the second ingress node.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides dynamic routing for data flows to a customer network hosted in the cloud. A plurality of compute instances may share a common virtual IP address. Each of the plurality of compute instances may advertise information to a respective network virtualization device (NVD). The information may include the IP address, cost, and/or active/standby status of the compute instance. The NVD may then provide the information to the control plane of a virtual cloud network (VCN), which may aggregate the information from the plurality of compute instances and generate a forwarding table, which may be sent to the NVDs. These techniques may allow a customer to automatically remove a compute instance whose service host has failed. These techniques may also allow a customer to add compute instances and to route data flows according to an active-standby operation, an equal cost active-active operation, or an unequal cost active-active operation.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, generating a set of SRLGs associated with a set of link bundles, wherein the set of SRLGs comprises for each SRLG in the set of SRLGs an indication for each failed link bundle in a particular SRLG a respective bandwidth failure fraction, and wherein for at least one of the failed link bundles the failure is less than a complete failure; generating a set of dominance relationships among the SRLGs in the set of SRLGs, and generating, based at least in part upon the set of SRLGs and the set of dominance relationships a packed set of SRLGs, wherein the packed set of SRLGs comprises a subset of the set of SRLGs. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for encoding messages of a flooding topology and backup paths of the flooding topology. The method includes monitoring a status of a network, and detecting at least one network failure. The network failure is one of a link failure, a node failure, or both. A backup path for each of the links and nodes on a flooding topology is computed. The backup paths for a link are encoded in a link backup path (LBP) data structure. The LBP data structure for the link is encoded in a LBP type-length-value (TLV). The encoded LBP-TLV comprising the encoded LBP data structure for the link is encoded in a backup paths opaque link state advertisement (LSA). The flooding topology is flooded with the backup paths opaque LSA.

Abstract: A method implemented in a network element includes, for a service, receiving a Segment Identifier (SID) list and an explicit list for an intended path in a Segment Routing network; expanding the SID list and comparing the expanded SID list to the explicit list; and setting the intended path as either valid or invalid based on the comparing. The intended path can be a primary path, and the steps can further include receiving a SID list and an explicit list for a backup path in the Segment Routing network. The steps can further include switching to the backup path responsive to a failure on the primary path, and switching back to the primary path responsive to it being valid.

Abstract: A method performed by a control device includes: receiving forwarding information of many network devices in a network, where the many network devices in the network include a first edge device and a second edge device; determining, based on the forwarding information of the second edge device, information about a first network address that is reachable to the second edge device and that is outside the network; and estimating, based on the first network address information and the forwarding information of the plurality of network devices, whether one or more packets whose destination addresses are covered by the first network address information and that enter the network through the first edge device can be forwarded to the second edge device through the network.

Abstract: Techniques described herein provide for fast updating of a forwarding table in a single active multihoming configuration. A first network device that is not connected to an ethernet segment (ES), receives a plurality of ethernet segment (ES) routes (e.g., EVPN type-4 routes) from a plurality of network devices that are connected to a host via the ES. When connectivity is lost to the on a designated forwarded for the ES, t the first network device performed a designated forwarding election algorithm based on the plurality of the received ES routes, to identify that a second network device of the plurality of network devices is designated as a new forwarding device. The first network device modifies an entry in a forwarding table to indicate that the host is now reachable via the second network device.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for avoiding sending network traffic through a backup network device when an active network device is operational. An example device is configured to receive a first address resolution protocol (ARP) request from an active network device and a second ARP request from a backup network device. The device is also configured to, in response to receiving the first ARP request and the second ARP request, send a first ARP response to the active network device.

Abstract: Described in detail herein are systems and methods for routing data in a distributed environment. A controller can maintain an inactive state. A terminal can receive a request associated with a physical object. The terminal can be communicatively coupled to a cloud computing system. The terminal can attempt to transmit the request to the cloud computing system. A router communicatively coupled to the controller and cloud computing system can attempt to initiate communication between the terminal and the cloud computing system in response to the terminal attempt to transmit the request to the cloud computing system. The router can route the request to the controller in response to failing to initiate communication between the terminal and the cloud computing system after specified amount of time. The controller can switch from an inactive state to an active state in response to receiving the request.

Abstract: The techniques disclosed herein improve existing systems by receiving, by a packet processor from a control node of the communications network, a request to program operations for processing data packets, the request received with opaque data comprising a state of the control node. The packet processor stores the operations and the opaque data in a data store of the packet processor. The packet processor receives from the control node a subsequent request to retrieve the opaque data. The packet processor sends to the control node the operations and the opaque data that were stored in the data store of the packet processor. The opaque data is not stored in the control node.

Abstract: A management apparatus (10) includes a request reception unit (111) configured to receive a transmission request for configuration information transmitted from a transmission apparatus (12), together with key information unique to the transmission apparatus (12) and feature information obtained from peripheral information of the transmission apparatus (12), a configuration-information extraction unit (112) configured to extract configuration information corresponding to the key information and the feature information added in the transmission request that is transmitted from the transmission apparatus (12) and received by the request reception unit (111) from a database in which a combination of key information, feature information, and configuration information for each transmission apparatus is registered, and a configuration-information output unit (113) configured to output the configuration information extracted by the configuration-information extraction unit (112) to the transmission apparatus (12) tha

Abstract: In an example, a method includes forming a first self-checking pair including a self-checking node and a first node adjacent to the self-checking node in a network. The method further includes forming a second self-checking pair including the self-checking node and a second node adjacent to the self-checking node in the network, wherein the self-checking node is between the first node and the second node. The method further includes transmitting a first paired broadcast with the first self-checking pair and transmitting a second paired broadcast with the second self-checking pair.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extending Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) protocols are provided. A Link Aggregation Group (LAG), according to one implementation, includes a plurality of Ethernet Segments (ESs) and a plurality of service ports configured to communicate over the plurality of ESs. The service ports are configured to enable an operator device to access an EVPN to receive Layer 2 (L2) and Layer 3 (L3) Ethernet services. Also, the service ports are configured to enable the operator device to operate with multi-homing functionality to receive the L2 and L3 Ethernet services via redundant paths associated with the plurality of ESs. The services ports are further configured to respond to operator commands, whereby the operator commands include one or more operator commands related to switching among the redundant paths.

Abstract: A group communications method and system, and a device are provided. The method includes: when a first terminal initiates access to a local area network group, obtaining, by a group management function network element, an identifier of a first user plane network element to be accessed by the first terminal, context information of the local area network group, and a first session port identifier; creating, for the local area network group, a rule group applied to a first session port, and creating or updating, for the local area network group based on the context information, a local area network group forwarding action rule (FAR) applied to the first user plane network element; and sending a first message to a session management network element, for configuring the rule group on the first session port, and configuring the local area network group FAR on the first user plane network element.

Abstract: Techniques for detecting path failures and reducing packet loss as a result of such failures are described for use within a data center or other environment. For example, a source and/or destination access node may create and/or maintain information about health and/or connectivity for a plurality of ports or paths between the source and destination device and core switches. The source access node may spray packets over a number of paths between the source access node and the destination access node. The source access node may use the information about connectivity for the paths between the source or destination access nodes and the core switches to limit the paths over which packets are sprayed. The source access node may spray packets over paths between the source access node and the destination access node that are identified as healthy, while avoiding paths that have been identified as failed.

Abstract: A physical network element is provided which is configured to operate as a plurality of separated routing entities, each functioning independently of the others, wherein the physical network element is characterized in that: a) each of the plurality of routing entities is provided with its own control, management and data planes, as well as with a dedicated routing information base table and a forwarding information base table; and b) all of the plurality of routing entities are configured to operate while sharing at least one member of a group that consists of: (i) one or more packet processors comprised in the physical network element; (ii) one or more central processing units (CPUs) comprised in the physical network element; (iii) one or more fabrics comprised in the physical network element; and (iv) one or more network interfaces comprised in the physical network element.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques that include determining the health of one or more routing engines included within a router. In one example, this disclosure describes a method that includes performing, by a first routing engine included within a router, routing operations, wherein the router includes a plurality of routing engines, including the first routing engine and a second routing engine; receiving, by a computing system, data including health indicators associated with the first routing engine; applying, by the computing system, a machine learning model to the data to determine, from the health indicators, a health status of the first routing engine, wherein the machine learning model has been trained to identify the health status from the health indicators; and determining, by the computing system and based on the health status of the first routing engine, whether to switch routing operations to the second routing engine from the first routing engine.

Abstract: A controller for an electric power distribution system includes processing circuitry and a memory that includes instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processing circuitry, are configured to cause the processing circuitry to determine that a first switch of the electric power distribution system is a primary switch communicatively coupled to an intelligent electronic device (IED) of the electric power distribution system, determine that a second switch of the electric power distribution system is a backup switch communicatively coupled to the TED, and distribute a first copy of a security association key (SAK) to the first switch and a second copy of the SAK to the second switch in response to determining that the first switch is the primary switch and the second switch is the backup switch to enable the first switch and the second switch to establish respective media access control security (MACsec) communication links with the IED.

Abstract: A software defined networking (SDN) controller for a communication network is provided. The SDN controller includes a northbound interface, a southbound interface, and a database as a service (DBaaS) layer. The northbound interface includes an application layer having one or more independent SDN applications. The southbound interface includes an adapter layer having one or more independent device adapters. The DBaaS layer includes a persistent DBaaS unit and a state DBaaS unit.

Abstract: In a processing apparatus having semiconductor integrated circuits, a first status monitoring circuit included in a first semiconductor integrated circuit is configured to instruct a plurality of second semiconductor integrated circuits to transmit status information indicating statuses of the plurality of second semiconductor integrated circuits. When a second status monitoring circuit included in each of the plurality of second semiconductor integrated circuits receives the instruction for transmission of the corresponding status information, the second status monitoring circuit transmits encrypted information in which the status information is encrypted to the first semiconductor integrated circuit.

Abstract: A network device may receive policy data identifying a first segment routing (SR) policy and a second SR policy. The first SR policy may be associated with a first path through a network and a first next hop, and the second SR policy may be associated with a second path through the network and a second next hop. The network device may advertise, to another device, reachability associated with the first next hop and the second next hop, and may receive, from the other device, a packet with a header. The network device may determine, from the header, data identifying the first next hop or the second next hop, without performing a lookup, and may cause the packet to be routed to a destination address, via the first path or the second path, based on the policy data associated with the first next hop or the second next hop.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transmitting method for a control instruction in long-distance transmission. The transmitting method includes the follows. A transmitting device obtains a first control instruction. The transmitting device encapsulates the first control instruction through a user datagram protocol (UDP) protocol to obtain a UDP packet. The transmitting device transmits the UDP packet to a first communication module via an input interface of the first communication module. With this disclosure, ultra-low latency transmission of the control instruction between devices in long-distance transmission can be achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for interrogating and remediating a device. For example, a method includes: transmitting instructions from a headend device to a plurality of remote devices, the instructions being for diagnosing a status of each of the plurality of devices; based on responses from the plurality of remote devices, identifying a set of remote devices from among the plurality of remote devices requiring remediation; categorizing each remote device of the set of remote devices into one of a plurality of categories based on a connectivity status between each remote device and the headend device; and assigning, for each of the plurality of categories, a respective number of connections for remediating the set of remote devices.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to data communication systems and techniques thereof. In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a network connector that includes an interface for connecting to a host. The interface includes a circuit for utilizing two data paths for the host. The circuit is configured to transform the host address to different addresses based on the data path being used. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: Techniques for automated failover of remote control planes are described. A method of automated failover of remote control planes include determining failover event associated with a first control plane has occurred, the first control plane associated with a first area of a provider network, identifying a second control plane associated with a second area of the provider network, and failing over the first area of the provider network from the first control plane to the second control plane, wherein the child area updates one or more references to endpoints of the first control plane to be references to endpoints of the second control plane.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a wireless communication module including a first communication processor and a second communication processor, a sensor module, at least one processor, and at least one memory configured to store instructions, executable by the at least one processor, for identifying an execution status of the application and temperature of at least part of the electronic device, deactivating the second communication processor based on the identified execution status of the application and the identified temperature, and activating the second communication processor based on network traffic being processed by the first communication processor being greater than a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A method implemented by a switch in a software defined networking (SDN) network to monitor a service node communicatively coupled to the switch. The method includes generating a first flow entry that matches packets received from the service node, generating a second flow entry that matches packet received from the service node, wherein the second flow entry has a priority that is lower than a priority of the first flow entry, removing the first flow entry and transmitting a flow removed message to an SDN controller in response to a determination that the first flow entry has timed out, maintaining a statistic associated with the second flow entry, and transmitting a statistics trigger event message to the SDN controller in response to a determination that the statistic associated with the second flow entry exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: Techniques described herein provide for fast updating of a forwarding table in a single active multihoming configuration. A first network device that is not connected to an ethernet segment (ES), receives a plurality of ES routes (e.g., EVPN type-4 routes) from a plurality of network devices that are connected to a host via the ES. When connectivity is lost to a designated forwarded for the ES, the first network device performs a designated forwarding election algorithm based on the plurality of received ES routes, to identify that a second network device of the plurality of network devices is designated as a new forwarding device. The first network device modifies an entry in a forwarding table to indicate that the host is now reachable via the second network device.

Abstract: Techniques are described for facilitating node protection for Broadcast, unknown Unicast, and Multicast (BUM) traffic for a multi-homed node failure. For example, each VTEP (e.g., PE device) may advertise a protected VTEP address that indicates an IP address of a remote PE device that is to be protected in the event of a node failure. In the event a multi-homed PE device fails, the ingress PE device sends a BUM packet including the protected VTEP address for the failed node. When an egress PE device receives the BUM packet, the egress PE device determines whether the BUM packet includes the protected VTEP address and whether the egress PE device is operating as a backup designated forwarder (DF). If the BUM packet includes the protected VTEP address and the egress PE device is a backup DF, the egress PE device forwards the BUM traffic to the ESI.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for using segment routing (SR) in native IP networks. The method involves receiving a packet. The packet is an IP packet and includes an IP header. The method also involves updating the packet. Updating the packet involves writing information, including a segment routing segment identifier, to the destination address of the packet.

Abstract: A network device includes a processor and a memory. The processor effectuates operations including instantiating an edge share orchestrator that identifies edge devices including a customer device. Edge share orchestrator also determines that the customer device lacks computing power or functionality to perform at least a portion of an existing or augmented service and identifies at least one additional device of the edge devices capable of providing additional computing power or functionality for performing the at least a portion of the existing service or augmented service associated with the customer device. Edge share orchestrator also meshes the additional computing power or functionality of the at least one additional device with the customer device and performs the at least a portion of the existing or augmented service associated with the customer device using the meshed additional computing power or functionality of the at least one additional device and the customer device.

Abstract: A device configuration method, apparatus, and system based on Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF), and belong to the field of communications technologies. The method includes establishing, by a network management device, a model of configuration data using a predefined Yet Another Next Generation (YANG) model, and sending the configuration data to a managed device based on NETCONF. The predefined YANG model includes n reference fields and one or more object fields separately corresponding to each reference field. Hence, resolves problems that when an extension field is added to a NETCONF message to indicate a target lower-level device of configuration data in the NETCONF message in a device cascading scenario, solution universality is relatively poor, configuration processing efficiency is relatively low, and a data storage processing procedure is relatively complex.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a storage management method, an electronic device, and a computer program product. The method includes: determining, in a storage device set, a plurality of candidate subsets of storage devices used for data backup, wherein the plurality of candidate subsets include substantially the same number of storage devices. The method further includes: determining global balance degrees respectively corresponding to the plurality of candidate subsets, wherein the global balance degree indicates a usage balance degree of the storage device set when storage devices in a corresponding candidate subset are used for data backup. The method further includes: determining a target subset of storage devices for data backup in the plurality of candidate subsets based on the global balance degrees.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure involve systems, methods, computer program products, and the like, for providing multiple egress points from a telecommunications network for a client of the network. In particular, the process and system allows for multiple provider edges of the network to utilize a route reflector server to provide a border gateway protocol (BGP) route to other provider edges in the network. Further, the multiple provider edges may each announce similar interior gateway protocol (IGP) routes through the network such that a provider edge receiving a packet intended for the customer network may select from the multiple IGP routes to provide the intended packet to the customer network. In this manner, the receiving provider edge may load balance among the various connections of the customer network to the telecommunications network.

Abstract: A power switch comprises a SPDT switch having a common side and a switch side; a first isolation switch electrically connected at the common side of the SPDT switch and a second isolation switch electrically connected at the switch side of the SPDT switch; a microprocessor for detecting a current direction and controlling the conduction state of one of the first isolation switch and the second isolation switch in response to the detected current direction; and a power converter converting AC power to DC power for powering the first isolation switch, the second isolation switch and the microprocessor.