Abstract: An approach is provided for notifying a change in path condition. A change in condition of a label switched path connecting a first node and second node is detected. A notification message is generated for transmission to the first node. The notification message specifies information related to the detected change according to a predetermined format that can be processed by the first node.

Abstract: A method for operating a relay node in a wireless communication system. The method includes communicating, by the relay node, with a base station using a specific subframe for the relay node only; detecting, by the relay node, a problem with a connection between the relay node and the base station; starting, by the relay node, a timer upon detecting the problem with the connection between the relay node and the base station; and releasing, by the relay node, a restriction of using the specific subframe for the relay node only, if the started timer expires. The problem with the connection between the relay node and the base station is associated with a radio link failure.

Abstract: Methods and systems for automatically recovering from a failure event in one or more nodes of a redundant ring network are provided. An indication is received at a first ring of nodes that an associated second ring of nodes has failed. A probing token is circulated around the second ring of nodes while a probing timer is started. The injecting a probing token and starting a probing timer are repeated if the probing timer expires before the probing token circulates completely around the second ring of nodes. A recovery token is circulated around the second ring of nodes to enable each node of the second ring of nodes and to disable the probing timer if the probing token circulates completely around the second ring of nodes.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide a method and apparatus of providing a non-overlapping ring-mesh network topology which reduces costs (e.g., the number of network links) while providing resiliency to failure and meeting QoS requirements (e.g., network delay attributed to traversing the network architecture). In particular, a set of target nodes belonging to a cluster are connected through N rings. Each node is member of all N rings and no link between nodes in a ring is duplicated in another ring.

Abstract: A system and method for selecting MPLS network transport entities between a first endpoint and a second endpoint are presented. Working and protection entities are selected from a set of available entities based upon minimizing the probability of simultaneous failure and/or minimizing a cost function base upon one or more metrics.

Abstract: A network switch apparatus includes a first network port, a second network port, a first inline port, a second inline port, wherein the first and second inline ports are for communication with a pass-through device, a packet switch, and a by-pass device configured to operate in a first mode of operation, wherein in the first mode of operation, the by-pass device is configured to pass a first packet received at the first network port to the packet switch. The by-pass device is configured to switch from the first mode of operation to a second mode of operation upon an occurrence of a condition, and wherein in the second mode of operation, the by-pass device is configured to transmit a second packet received at the first network port to the second network port without passing the second packet to the packet switch.

Abstract: A method performed by a wireless node includes receiving policies for data offloading; identifying a user associated with a data flow to which a user device is attached; determining whether data offloading is permitted for the user based on the policies; and performing data offloading when it is determined that data offloading is permitted for the user, wherein data offloading includes routing the data flow away from at least one of a higher layer traffic aggregation device relative to the wireless node or a higher hierarchical controlling device relative to the wireless node.

Abstract: A field communication apparatus may include a first communication unit and a second communication unit each of which performs communication between a plurality of field devices and a host device, the first communication unit and the second communication unit constituting a duplex unit, a first explosion-proof housing that accommodates the first communication unit, and a second explosion-proof housing that accommodates the second communication unit. The first communication unit may be capable of being removed from the field communication apparatus while being accommodated in the first housing, and the second communication unit may be capable of being removed from the field communication apparatus while being accommodated in the second housing.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include system and method for routing communications over a communications network. In one embodiment, a determination is made as to whether to establish a communication along a communication path based on network performance information. The disclosed embodiments provide several alternatives for establishing the communication and improving communications along the communication path in response to a determination that at least one network node along the communication path is impaired or congested.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a system routes a new data stream from a source to a destination through a plurality of forwarding devices interconnected with links. The system includes a control device that receives a request to create a path through the plurality of interconnected forwarding devices for a new data stream and determines a type of the new data stream. A data flow database stores historical usage characteristics of data streams having the determined type. A path computation module determines, based on the historical usage characteristics of data streams having the determined type, the requested path through plurality of interconnected forwarding devices from the source to the destination.

Abstract: A method of routing packets across a packet switched network domain, comprising a multiplicity of nodes. Each node comprises an ingress interface and an egress interface. For each destination node a default and a detour branching are defined, each specifying a route to the destination node. For each two-edge connected node the default and detour branchings do not share a common ingress interface.

Abstract: Disclosed are a data transceiver and a method thereof in a wireless communication system, and particularly, is a data transceiver and method thereof using multiple routes in the wireless communication system. The data transmitting/receiving method using the multiple routes in the wireless communication system includes setting a direct route to a corresponding station and a relay route to a relay device, selecting one route from among the direct route and relay route, and transmitting/receiving data through the selected route.

Abstract: When a first communication device receives a predetermined message from a second communication device via a third line (L3) in a state of transmitting frames to a first line (L1) while performing error-correction coding on the frames, the first communication device switches the line used for transmission from L1 to the second line (L2), then transmits a frame of a post-switching message to L1 . The second communication device receives frames from L1 and L2 and performs error correction, stores the frames, on which error correction has been performed, in first and second buffers (B1, B2), and when determining that it is necessary to perform line switching based on the status of error correction with respect to the frames received from L1, transmits a predetermined message to L3, and when receiving the frame of the post-switching message from L1, starts reading frames from B2 after reading all frames stored in B1.

Abstract: Fast error reporting is provided in networks that have an architected delayed error reporting capability. Errors are detected and reported without having to wait for a timeout period to expire. Further, failures of other components caused by the delay are avoided, since the delay is bypassed.

Abstract: A set of virtual local area networks (VLANs) are defined from a set of nodes that comprise a data center network. A set of possible paths are determined for routing data packets from a root node to one or more other nodes of the set of nodes. A set of probabilistic values are identified for determining a path in the set of possible paths that individual data packets are to take as between the root node and a destination node specified by the individual data packet. The data packets are routed to the destination node specified by that data packet, along a path that is determined by use of the set of probabilistic values. The path may be provided by one or more VLANs.

Abstract: In the embodiments of the present invention, proposed is a method in which a CoMP enabled UE chooses the BSs to be in its cooperating set and a BS partitions its bandwidth to serve its own UEs and UEs from other cells that have requested it to be in its cooperating set.

Abstract: In subscriber units 0 to (N?1), a subscriber unit to be allocated to a bandwidth is defined as a subscriber unit K, where K is an integer from 0 to (N?1) inclusive. In a bandwidth allocating method, a free bandwidth in a communication channel ch(K?1) not used by the subscriber unit (K?1) is found, and a bandwidth requested by the subscriber unit K is allocated to the free bandwidth in the communication channel ch(K?1). A free bandwidth in the communication channel chK is found on the basis of a residual bandwidth requested by the subscriber unit K not allocated to the bandwidth in the communication channel ch(K?1), and the residual bandwidth requested by the subscriber unit K is allocated to the found free bandwidth in the communication channel chK. The operation is repeated for the subscriber units 0 to (K?1) and (K+1) to (N?1).

Abstract: A transmission capacity of a transmitter is controlled by a signal input from a receiver through a propagation path. The receiver produces a control signal for controlling a system at the optimum transmission capacity which is obtained from monitored information such as transmission quality or reception C/N and the like, and outputs the control signal to the transmitter and a judging circuit. The judging circuit compares the transmission capacity of each line. When the transmission capacity of a first regular line is the lowest transmission capacity, a switching signal is output from the judging circuit. Then a transmission switching device and a reception switching device operate and the input signal on the first regular line is output through the spare line. The transmission capacity of the signal is that of the spare line.

Abstract: An inspection signal to inspect forward-path or return-path communication, is transmitted from a reference node of a network. A response signal is transmitted in a priority class from a node of a forward path to the reference node. In the case of inspection of return-path communication, a replica of the response signal is transmitted in a non-priority class from the node of the forward path to the return path, and the node that receives the replica of the response signal transfers the replica in a priority class to the reference node. In the case of inspection of forward-path communication, a replica of the inspection signal is transmitted in a non-priority class from the node of the forward path to the forward path, and a replica of the response signal is transmitted in a priority class from the node that receives a replica of the inspection signal to the reference node.

Abstract: Recovery time upon the failure of a link or switching system in an asynchronous data network can be minimized if downstream data switches provide upstream messages indicating to upstream switching system that the downstream traffic arrived in tact and was properly handled. Upon this loss or failure of the upstream status message to an upstream switching system, an upstream switching system can reroute data traffic around a failed link or failed switch with a minimal amount of lost data. The upstream status message is conveyed from a downstream switching system to an upstream switching system via a reverse notification tree data pathway. The reverse notification pathway is established by using a messaging protocol between network switches by which the working and protection paths, among other things, are established.

Abstract: The subject matter described herein includes methods, systems, and computer readable media for improved multi-switch link aggregation group (MLAG) convergence. According to one aspect of the subject matter described herein, a system for improved multi-switch link aggregation group (MLAG) convergence is provided. The system includes a packet forwarding device. The packet forwarding device includes a packet processor for receiving a packet and determining that the packet is destined for a port of the packet forwarding device associated with an MLAG group. The packet forwarding device further includes an MLAG module associated with the packet processor for determining that the port is inactive, and in response to determining that the port is inactive, performing a convergence operation, wherein the convergence operation includes redirecting, using a redirection filter, the received packet towards an active port associated with the MLAG group.

Abstract: When communication apparatuses each having a plurality of antennas perform a data communication using a plurality of transmission channels formed by space division multiplexing, whether or not to perform a highly reliable communication is determined based on the variation of a transmission characteristic in the plurality of transmission channels.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described that provide a distributed restoration signaling protocol for shared mesh restoration with standbys for transparent optical networks.

Abstract: An Ethernet protection and loadsharing capability is provided. The Ethernet protection and loadsharing capability enables co-existence of both protection and loadsharing for an Ethernet tunnel, having a plurality of associated Ethernet paths, between first and second Ethernet switches. The first Ethernet switch receives configuration information associated with the Ethernet tunnel between the first and second Ethernet switches, and processes the configuration information for causing the first Ethernet switch to associate the Ethernet paths of the Ethernet tunnel with an Ethernet tunnel endpoint object associated with an Ethernet tunnel. The first Ethernet switch, upon receiving traffic intended for the second Ethernet switch, propagates the traffic from the first Ethernet switch toward the second Ethernet switch via at least a subset of the Ethernet paths of the Ethernet tunnel using protection and/or loadsharing.

Abstract: Characterization and enhancement of a mobile local scattering environment. The system includes a channel component and a link control component, wherein the channel component facilitates communication of a ping signal, which is used to estimate the delay spread characteristics and/or angle of arrival in order to characterize the mobile local scattering environment. This information is sent to the link control component, which enhances radio link performance based on the received information. The system can be used to assist in E-911 location applications, such as determining the location of an indoor user.

Abstract: Described is a system which includes a first radio transceiver operating in accordance with a first communication protocol and a second radio transceiver operating in accordance with a second communication protocol. The first radio transceiver transmits a first signal to the second transceiver, the first signal including data related to operation of the first radio transceiver. The second radio transceiver adjusts operation as a function of the data.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for connecting an ad-hoc communication network (101) to a permanent communication network (102), e.g. to a cellular mobile communication network. The ad-hoc communication network is established between communication devices (103-106) and a gateway device (107) using a routing protocol that is run in the gateway device and in the communication devices. A protocol address that is associated in a communication device with a protocol data unit is determined on the basis of a control action given by a user of the communication device. In a gateway device, the protocol data unit is relayed to the permanent communication network if the protocol data unit is provided with a pre-determined protocol address. The user of the communication device can determine with the aid of the control action whether he is communicating only inside the ad-hoc communication network or via the permanent communication network.

Abstract: A system is provided for sharing a protection path between at least two protection groups in a network. The system includes at least one working path associated with each of the protection groups, and at least one working maintenance entity group (“WMEG”) monitoring the status of each of the working paths. Each WMEG notifies the protection group associated with the monitored working path of changes in the status of the monitored working path. At least one protection entity group (“PMEG”) monitors the status of the protection path and notifies each of the protection groups of changes in the status of the protection path. Each of the protection groups is switchable to the protection path in response to the receipt of notifications from the WMEG of changes to a non-operational status for the respective working paths associated with each of the protection groups.

Abstract: An RF redirection module incorporated into an RF system already having a receive antenna and a first transmit antenna allows the RF system to be coupled to a second transmit antenna and to provide a transmit signal to the second transmit antenna.

Abstract: Fast error reporting is provided in networks that have an architected delayed error reporting capability. Errors are detected and reported without having to wait for a timeout period to expire. Further, failures of other components caused by the delay are avoided, since the delay is bypassed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a path for a sliced tunnel that extends from a head-end node to a tail-end node is computed. The sliced tunnel is furcated into a plurality of child tunnels at one or more fork nodes located downstream from the head-end node. Each child tunnel carries a portion of traffic for the sliced tunnel. The sliced tunnel is merged at one or more merge nodes located downstream from respective ones of the fork nodes. The portions of traffic on the child tunnels are aggregated at the merge nodes. The head-end node sends a signaling message to establish the sliced tunnel along the computed path. The signaling message includes an indication of the one or more fork nodes where the sliced tunnel is furcated into child tunnels and the one or more merge nodes where child tunnels are merged. The head-end node then forwards traffic onto the sliced tunnel.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus for facilitating communications between an external controller and Fieldbus devices are described. A primary linking device in communication with the controller and one or more Fieldbus devices may be configured to direct the communication of a timing message to the controller and determine whether a response to the timing message has been received from the controller. Based upon the determination, the primary linking device may direct a switching of communications control to a secondary linking device.

Abstract: An interconnect block for a data processing apparatus, said interconnect block being operable to provide data routes via which one or more initiator devices may access one or more recipient devices, said interconnect block comprising: a first and a second portion; said first portion comprising at least one initiator port for communicating with one of said initiator devices, and at least one recipient port for communicating with one of said recipient devices; said second portion comprising at least two recipient ports for communicating with at least two recipient devices, said second portion being connected to said first portion via at least two parallel connecting routes, said at least two recipient ports being connectable to said at least two parallel connecting routes; wherein in response to a request received from one of said initiator devices at said first portion to perform a transaction accessing one of said at least two recipients in communication with said second portion, said interconnect block is op

Abstract: A system and method for protecting a trunk with multiple trunks may select a primary path on a first trunk for which to place a corresponding bypass tunnel on a second trunk. The system and method may further select one or more alternate trunks using a constraint-based trunk-selection algorithm. The system and method may further determine if at least one of the selected alternate trunks has sufficient priority bandwidth. In the event that one or more alternate trunks have priority bandwidths larger than the physical bandwidth of the primary path, the system and method may select an alternate trunk from the one or more alternate trunks having priority bandwidths larger than the physical bandwidth of the primary path based on a pre-determined order of priority bandwidth.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting unoccupied channels for a multi-channel cognitive radio system are described. To detect unoccupied channels, truncated sequential detection processes are employed that can use a dynamically extended truncation time that is based on early completion of detection processes applied to preceding channels.

Abstract: Optical networks occasionally experience a fault along a communications path. Service providers prefer to have an alternative communications path available to enable users to still communicate in a seamless manner. Accordingly, a method and corresponding apparatus for providing path protection for dedicated paths in an optical network is provided.

Abstract: Techniques for efficient signaling to and from a plurality of mobile stations are disclosed. In one embodiment, a subset of mobile stations may be allocated a portion of the shared resource with one or more individual access grants, another subset may be allocated a portion of the shared resource with a single common grant, and yet another subset may be allowed to use a portion of the shared resource without any grant. In another embodiment, an acknowledge and continue command is used to extend all or a subset of the previous grants without the need for additional requests and grants, and their associated overhead. In one embodiment, a traffic to pilot ratio (T/P) is used to allocate a portion of the shared resource, allowing a mobile station flexibility in selecting its transmission format based on T/P.

Abstract: Methods and systems for automatically recovering from a failure event in one or more nodes of a redundant ring network are provided. An indication is received at a first ring of nodes that an associated second ring of nodes has failed. A probing token is circulated around the second ring of nodes while a probing timer is started. The injecting a probing token and starting a probing timer are repeated if the probing timer expires before the probing token circulates completely around the second ring of nodes. A recovery token is circulated around the second ring of nodes to enable each node of the second ring of nodes and to disable the probing timer if the probing token circulates completely around the second ring of nodes.

Abstract: A method of presenting information to a party through a messaging application is described. Responsive to receipt of a communication from a party (e.g., the first user), a reply is sent. The communication and the reply is presented in an interface to the sender. The messaging system determines matching content that is relevant to one or both of the communication and the reply and determines a quality of the match. Determining the quality of the match may include determining a score for an advertisement based on the advertisement's responsiveness to content identified in the reply message that was sent. Based on a determination that the quality is above a threshold, the matching content is presented along with the communication and the reply.

Abstract: A method and system for determining a path between nodes in a network are disclosed. In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, a system for determining a path between nodes in a network comprises a destination node and a link aggregation group (LAG) that includes a first link and a second link. The system further comprises a source node communicatively coupled to the destination node by the LAG where the source node, the LAG and the destination node form a path. The source node is operable to determine a link availability status for each of the first and second links using a layer-2 protection scheme. The source node is further operable to monitor the path for connectivity based on the link availability status using a layer-3 protection scheme.

Abstract: A wireless mesh network system includes a plurality of wireless devices adapted to forward a message packet. Each of the wireless devices includes a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, a communications controller, and a RAM. Further, the communications controller controls such that an original source address contained in a message packet forwarded by a wireless device, which is an address of the wireless device that has firstly transmitted the message packet, and a packet number that identifies the message packet are stored in the RAM, and controls such that a message packet received is forwarded if information contained in the message packet received is not consistent with information of the original source address and the packet number stored in the RAM.

Abstract: A graceful restart (GR) method of a router, and a router and a communication network thereof are provided. The method includes the following steps. A control plane enters a GR state. Label switched path (LSP) packets sent by a neighbor router are received, and the label information of the control plane is recovered according to the LSP packets. Whether the label information is completely recovered is determined. If the label information is completely recovered, the GR state is exited, and label information of a forwarding plane is updated according to the recovered label information of the control plane. The GR method of a router, the router, and the communication network decide whether to exit the GR state by detecting whether the label information of the control plane is completely recovered. This can precisely control the time of exiting the GR state is controlled and improve the reliability of the router.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates a network, a network element, a system, and a method providing an efficient allocation of protection capacity for network connections and/or services. These may be for services within a given Virtual Private Network (VPN) or Virtual Machine (VM) instance flow. Network ingress/egress ports are designed to be VM instance aware while transit ports may or may not be depending on network element capability or configuration. A centralized policy management and a distributed control plane are used to discover and allocate resources to and among the VPNs or VM instances. Algorithms for efficient allocation and release of protection capacity may be coordinated between the centralized policy management and the distributed control plane. Additional coupling of attributes such as latency may provide more sophisticated path selection algorithms including efficient sharing of protection capacity.

Abstract: A system and method for channel status information feedback in a wireless communications system is provided. A method includes receiving a transmission containing feedback information from a mobile station (MS) having N total antennas, M receive/transmit antennas, N?M receive-only antennas, wherein N and M are integers and N>M, decoding the received transmission, computing estimates of CSI for channel elements of N?M receive-only antennas using the decoded transmission, computing estimates of CSI for channel elements of M receive/transmit antennas using channel reciprocity, and computing a precoding matrix from the channel elements for the N?M receive-only antennas and the M receive/transmit antennas.

Abstract: A method for conserving battery power in a wireless device coupled through an access point to a server in a network, the server being coupled to at least one client in the network, each of the wireless device, the at least one client, and the access point having a respective hardware address, the method comprising: receiving at the server through the access point a message indicative of the wireless device joining the network and providing the hardware address of the wireless device; updating a list of hardware addresses for clients in the network to include the hardware address of the wireless device, the list including a respective Internet Protocol (“IP”) address for each hardware address; and, sending from the server to at least one of the wireless device, the at least one client, and the access point, the updated list of hardware addresses.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a first segment endpoint bridge (SEB) configured to couple to a second SEB via a plurality of path segments, wherein the path segments comprise a working segment and a plurality of candidate protection segments, wherein the candidate protection segments comprise a protection segment that is configured to protect the working segment, wherein the candidate protection segments other than the protection segment do not protect the working segment, wherein one first state variable is used to maintain each of the candidate protection segments, and wherein a plurality of second state variables are used to maintain each of the working segment and the protection segment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for realizing service protection are provided. The method includes the following steps: determining paths corresponding to automatic protection switching (APS)/protection communication channel (PCC) overhead bytes that are available to all nodes in a service protection trail; selecting a path for service protection from the determined paths corresponding to the APS/PCC; and using the selected path for implementing the service protection. Therefore, it is ensured that several service protections using APS/PCC may coexist in an optical transport network (OTN) and different kinds of service protection can be easily distinguished from one another.

Abstract: A highly efficient protection path bandwidth management method is provided. When a protection path is set up in a loop with a node A as the starting point and endpoint in order to protect a working path, the bandwidth of the protection path is changed by transferring a bandwidth change request message, containing the identifier of the protection path as well as the value of the bandwidth after the change, so as to cycle once around the protection path set up in a loop starting from a node B that first received a PATH message for a working path.

Abstract: An access point and an integrated circuit including processor are disclosed operating the transceiver to create a station link table for a link to the station, a channel quality estimate of the home channel, an other channel quality sample log for at least one other channel and an other channel quality estimate based upon the other channel sample log. The processor using the station link table and the channel quality estimate of the home channel to determine if the access point has difficulty meeting the minimum required bandwidth and responds to difficulty by determining if the other channel can meet the minimum required bandwidth and schedule changing the home channel to the other channel.

Abstract: A method and system for metric information processing is disclosed in one embodiment. Metric information is gathered with a plurality of points of presence (POPs) geographically distributed across the Internet. The metric information is processed in a hub-and-spoke fashion with a metric reduction occurring in the POPs and another metric reduction in a kernel application server according to predetermined schemes. The two-stage metric reduction generates a result set including a data structure. The result set can be processed according to a query to generate a report. The data structure and reports have metric information that is recent and updated regularly without use of a database.