Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable media for providing real-time media streams. A cloud-based communication platform receives an incoming communication request to establish a communication session and executes a set of communication instructions associated with the incoming communication request. The set communication instructions includes a command to execute a real-time media stream in relation to the communication session. The command includes data designating a network destination to receive the real-time media stream. The cloud-based communication platform initiates the communication session between client devices and initiates the real-time media stream to the network destination. The real-time media stream concurrently transmitting at least a portion of the media transmitted between the client devices to the network destination.

Abstract: According to the present invention, in order to allow enhancement in the transmitting efficiency of a transmission system using link aggregation, if the bandwidth usage rates of the physical links constituting the LAG are imbalanced, identification information of a factor packet that serves as a factor for the imbalance is estimated on the basis of a distribution rule and the second information about a data amount. In addition, the factor packet is distributed to physical links to which the factor packet is distributed, and a packet that is not the factor packet is distributed according to the distribution rule, which is based on, for each of the physical links constituting the LAG, a remaining bandwidth obtained by subtracting the usage bandwidth of the factor packet distributed to said physical link from the maximum available bandwidth of said physical link.

Abstract: Some embodiments configure an edge forwarding element to perform service insertion operations to identify stateful services to perform for data messages received for forwarding by the edge forwarding element at multiple virtual interfaces of the edge forwarding element. The service insertion operation, in some embodiments, includes applying a set of service insertion rules. The service insertion rules (1) specify a set of criteria and a corresponding action to take for data messages matching the criteria and (2) are associated with a set of interfaces to which the service insertion rules are applied. In some embodiments, the action is specified using a universally unique identifier (UUID) that is then used as a matching criteria for a subsequent policy lookup that identifies a type of service insertion and a set of next hop data.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and processes for performing optimized batched packet processing in deep packet inspection (DPI) computing systems. A batch of network packets is received. A stateless processing operation is performed for the batch that includes updating a current time for the batch, decoding the network packets in the batch, creating a flow-hash lookup key for each decoded network packet, and generating a first output that includes the current time and corresponding flow-hash lookup keys for the decoded network packets. Next, a stateful processing operation is performed for the batch that includes accessing the first output of the stateless processing operation, dividing the batch into multiple sub-batches, performing a parallel flow-hash table lookup operation on the network packets that are part of the sub-batches, and generating a second output that includes the sub-batches with associated packet flows.

Abstract: A data processing method implemented by a controller includes after receiving a processing request from a specified node carrying identifiers of a plurality of computing nodes configured to execute a specified calculation task, determining a target switching device from switching devices that are configured to connect to the plurality of computing nodes, and separately sending, to the target switching device and the specified node, routing information used to indicate data forwarding paths between the plurality of computing nodes and the target switching device. The target switching device is configured to combine, based on the routing information, data reported by the plurality of computing nodes, and then send combined data to each computing node. The specified node is configured to send the routing information to each computing node, and each computing node may report data to the target switching device based on the routing information.

Abstract: Determining a number of secondary tracking attempts avoided by blocking a primary tracking domain from loading in a host web page. In particular, a set of rules that identify numbers of secondary tracking domains that are loaded into web browsers through host web pages by external domain and primary tracking domain combinations may be identified. The set of rules may be created based on loading patterns, resource patterns, parameter patterns, and header patterns exhibited by the external domain and primary tracking domain combinations. The rules may be applied to determine a number of secondary tracking attempts avoided by blocking a primary tracking domain from loading in a host web page.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a communication system includes a controller and a plurality of devices serially connected to the controller by a communication path. Each device has a different identifying address from each other device. The communication path connects the controller to the plurality of devices in a loop. The communication path is configured to transmit a communication frame as a differential serial signal. The communication frame includes a plurality of packets. Each packet in the plurality of packets has a fixed data length. Each device is configured to insert data into, and extract data from, a packet in the communication frame.

Abstract: Various systems, mediums, and methods may involve a bridge configured to communicate with a number of sites, such as fuel sites and/or restaurant sites. For example, a system may determine a mobile device is associated with a given fuel site, possibly located at the given fuel site, among a number of other fuel sites. Further, the system may determine one or more connections of the bridge that may be configured to communicate with a site component of the fuel site. As such, the system may transmit fuel data to the mobile device based on the one or more connections with the site component. Thus, the mobile device may display an indication of fuel available at the fuel site.

Abstract: A Proxy Forwarding node configured to advertise Segment Routing (SR) proxy forwarding capability of the Proxy Forwarding node for neighboring nodes of the Proxy Forwarding node using extensions to interior gateway protocol (IGP) for Proxy Forwarding for enabling an ingress node to the SR Traffic Engineering (SR-TE) path to continue to forward the traffic without modifying a segment list of the SR-TE path that includes a node segment identifier (SID) of a failed neighboring node of the Proxy Forwarding node. When the Proxy Forwarding node receives traffic targeting the failed neighboring node, the Proxy Forwarding node performs SR proxy forwarding for the failed neighboring node by forwarding the traffic towards a destination of the traffic in a direction that avoids the failed neighboring node for a period of time after the IGP has converged.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for adjusting capacity in a networking environment. A networking system comprising clients, servers, load balancers, and/or other devices may expand and contract network capacity as needed. When expanding network capacity, load balancers may instruct client devices to connect to servers that are part of the expanded network. When network capacity is reduced, a server and/or a load balancer my instruct client devices to close a connection with a first server and establish a connection with a second server. Client devices may seamlessly begin using the connection with a second server without having to wait for a connection timeout with the first server.

Abstract: A system described herein may provide a technique for the determination of threshold or maximum bandwidths for links between nodes and/or User Equipment (“UEs”) in an Integrated Access Backhaul system. The maximum bandwidth for a given link may be a function of one or more of: (a) an amount of throughput associated with the link over a given time period, (b) an amount of system-wide throughput associated with the same type of link over the given time period, (c) an amount of throughput over the given time period for links of the same type that are associated with at least a threshold measure of channel quality, (d) a total system bandwidth or capacity, and (e) a total amount of throughput associated with the nodes over the given time period.

Abstract: To efficiently distribute data to a plurality of distribution destinations. According to the present disclosure, a system controller is provided controlling an IP switch that distributes data received from a device on a transmission side to a device on a reception side, the system controller building a plurality of virtual networks in the IP switch and causing data received by any of the virtual networks to be transmitted to respective distribution destinations connected to the virtual networks. With this configuration, data can be efficiently distributed to a plurality of distribution destinations.

Abstract: A network system comprises a plurality of access points (APs) and a distributed cache. The distributed cache is formed using memory in the plurality of APs. The plurality of APs are configured to measure telemetry data and store the telemetry data in the distributed cache. One of the plurality of APs is assigned as a controller AP configured to assign, based on the telemetry data stored in the distributed cache, multiple APs of the plurality of APs to different roles to analyze the plurality of APs and update resource configurations of the plurality of APs.

Abstract: Embodiments provide efficient channel access utilizing a channel assessment mode and include determining that a predetermined condition exists on a radio bandwidth (e.g., unlicensed band); and, in response to determining that the predetermined condition exists on the radio bandwidth, initiating the channel assessment mode on the mobile device, where the channel assessment mode is configured to implement a channel assessment scheme configured for efficiently accessing a channel on the radio bandwidth. Some embodiments monitor the radio bandwidth for one or more triggering events indicative of interference; and detect at least one of the one or more triggering events indicative of interference on the radio bandwidth in order to determine the predetermined condition exists.

Abstract: A memory controller may include: a request checker identifying memory devices corresponding to requests received from a host among the plurality of memory devices and generating device information on the identified memory devices to perform operations corresponding to the requests; a dummy manager outputting a request for controlling a dummy pulse to be applied to channels of selected memory devices according to the device information among the plurality of channels; and a dummy pulse generator sequentially applying the dummy pulse to the channels coupled to the selected memory devices, based on the request for controlling the dummy pulse. A memory controller may include an idle time monitor outputting an idle time interval of the memory device and a clock signal generator generating a clock signal based on the idle time interval and outputting the clock signal to the memory device through the channel to perform a current operation.

Abstract: A method and system manage synchronization of data streams in a multi-tenant system. The method includes tracking by a flow control mechanism a recent flow rate of at least one data stream, determining by the flow control mechanism whether the flow rate of the at least one data stream varies from at least one related data stream, and adjusting by the flow control mechanism a throughput of the at least one data stream to correlate with the at least one related data stream, in response to determining that the at least one data stream has varied from the at least one related data stream.

Abstract: Technology is disclosed herein for monitoring a network path. In an implementation, a device on a network path obtains a burst capacity of the network path, determines a round trip time associated with a burst of traffic sent over the network path, and determines a predicted throughput of the network path based at least in part on the burst capacity of the network path and the round trip time of the burst of traffic.

Abstract: A radio communication method includes: broadcasting a communication packet including application data regarding to a road and identification indicating a first type of a road corresponding to the application data, by a base station provided around the road. The radio communication method includes receiving the communication packet from the base station, by a mobile station installed on a vehicle. The radio communication method includes specifying a second type of the road on which the vehicle installed the mobile station travels, by the mobile station. The radio communication method includes acquiring the application data included in the received communication packet, when the first type of the road indicated by the identification information included in the received communication packet and the specified second type of the road match.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling maximum quantity of concurrent air-interface connections with an access node. An example method includes a tracking an aggregate rate of data flow served by the access node per time of day. And the example method includes, based on the tracking, determining what aggregate rate of data flow the access node tends to serve at a given time of day. Further, the example method includes, based on the determined aggregate rate of data that the access node tends to serve at the given time of day, (ii) determining a maximum limit on quantity of concurrent air-interface connections with the access node, and (iii) proactively configuring the access node to apply, at the given time of day, the determined maximum limit on quantity of concurrent air-interface connections with the access node.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and computer-readable media for facilitating dual stage CSI selection for CSI feedback are disclosed herein. An example method of wireless communication at a UE includes, after detecting a CSI report triggering event, selecting a subset of CSI-RS resources from a set of CSI-RS resources configured for the UE by applying at least one of an RSRP threshold or an SINR threshold to each CSI-RS resource of the set of CSI-RS resources. The example method also includes selecting a CSI-RS resource from the subset of CSI-RS resources based on an efficiency metric associated with each of the CSI-RS resources of the subset of CSI-RS resources. The example method also includes transmitting a CSI report to a base station, the CSI report including a CQI associated with the selected CSI-RS and at least one of a PMI, an RI, or a wideband component of the PMI.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for performing deep packet inspection (DPI) for an SD-WAN (software defined, wide area network) established for an entity by a plurality of edge nodes and a set of one or more cloud gateways. At a particular edge node, the method uses local and remote deep packet inspectors to perform DPI for a packet flow. Specifically, the method initially uses the local deep packet inspector to perform a first DPI operation on a set of packets of a first packet flow to generate a set of DPI parameters for the first packet flow. The method then forwards a copy of the set of packets to the remote deep packet inspector to perform a second DPI operation to generate a second set of DPI parameters. In some embodiments, the remote deep packet inspector is accessible by a controller cluster that configures the edge nodes and the gateways.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a wireless communication method, user equipment, an access network device, and a network system. The method includes: receiving, by an access network device, a first downlink data flow sent by a core network device in a form of a flow; and sending, by the access network device, information to user equipment, where the information includes a mapping relationship between the first downlink data flow and a downlink bearer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a communication method. The method includes acquiring route information of a route, which includes a destination; determining a first resource scheduling for a communication connection of a mobile device based on the route information of the route; determining whether the communication connection of the mobile device based on the first resource schedule requires more resources than a second alternative resource scheduling; and if so, using the second alternative resource scheduling for the communication connection of the mobile device.

Abstract: This application provides an information transmission method and apparatus. The method includes: determining, by a control device, a first transmission channel in at least one transmission channel configured between a first network device and a second network device, where the first transmission channel is used to transmit a packet that belongs to at least one packet flow, a packet sending frequency currently supported by the first transmission channel is greater than or equal to a sum of packet sending frequencies of the at least one packet flow, and transmission performance of the first transmission channel meets transmission performance of the at least one packet flow; and sending, by the control device, first identification information to the first network device, where the first identification information is used to identify the first transmission channel. Therefore, this helps to meet a requirement for transmission performance of a packet in a mobile network.

Abstract: A system and method for reliable and secure record keeping for Radio Access Network (RAN) capacity sharing amongst a plurality of operators using slicing methods according to 3GPP 5G specifications, wherein slicing is controlled by a RAN controller is disclosed. The record keeping system is a distributed Blockchain ledger in which a block specifies information pertaining to available, leased or purchased base station slice(s). The ledger is immutable and available to all operators through a distributed database hosted by each participant wherein each base station owner advertises its leased as well as unused base station capacity at a specific time using blocks in the Blockchain. In an embodiment, the RAN controller directly feeds the information needed to form a new block into the ledger whenever the slicing profile of a RAN changes, thereby making the ledger in complete synchronicity with the network.

Abstract: Techniques for dynamic prioritization of presenting devices in wireless deployments are provided. Data relating to a transmission between a first device and a second device is received, and the first device is classified as a presenting device for the transmission based on the data relating to the transmission. An access point (AP) providing connectivity to the first device is identified, and the AP is configured to prioritize traffic transmitted from the first device responsive to classifying the first device as the presenting device.

Abstract: At least one aspect is directed to the monitoring and management of in-home broadband subscriber computer networks allowing for automatic network issue detection and resolution. The systems and methods described herein can monitor the network utilization, subscriber information, and subscriber devices using protocols such as TR-069 and SNMP. The systems described herein are service provider and vendor agnostic, being compliant with the TR-098 and TR-131 protocols to allow for remote management, diagnosis, and configuration of subscriber devices. The systems and methods described herein can reduce the number of home visits by service provider technicians by providing a remote network management solution capable of automatically diagnosing and resolving network issues with an issue detection model. The system can be non-intrusive and executed from a cloud computing environment to allow access to millions of devices.

Abstract: Aspects are provided in which narrow channels are configured and carrier aggregated with defined channel bandwidths in order to support irregular channel bandwidths that are not a multiple of 5 MHz or other defined bandwidth multiple. An apparatus such as a UE receives, from a base station, a configuration for carrier aggregation for a PCell and one or more SCells. A total bandwidth of the PCell and the one or more SCells is not a defined bandwidth multiple. The apparatus communicates with the base station through the PCell and the one or more SCells. In this way, the available spectrum of wireless operators that include channel bandwidths of irregular size may be supported.

Abstract: Example methods and systems for capability-aware service request distribution are described. In one example, a network element may obtain a set of capability information associated with multiple load balancers capable of service request handling and identify varying capability levels among the multiple load balancers. The network element may assign unequal path cost information to the multiple load balancers to indicate the varying capability levels. The unequal path cost information may include (a) a first path cost that is assigned to the first load balancer; and (b) a second path cost that is assigned to the second load balancer and different to the first path cost to indicate the lower capability level of the second load balancer compared to the first load balancer. In response to detecting a service request, the service request may be steered towards one of the multiple load balancers based on the unequal path cost information.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods for handling data units in a communication protocol layer (e.g., PDCP) of a network node for a wireless communications network. Such methods include receiving, from a lower protocol layer, one or more first data units with corresponding first sequence numbers. Such methods include, upon expiration of a first timer, forwarding the first data units to a higher protocol layer without receiving one or more second data units, from the lower protocol layer, with corresponding second sequence numbers that are lower than the first sequence numbers. Such methods include forwarding, to the higher protocol layer, any of the second data units that were received from the lower protocol layer during a second time period after expiration of the first timer. Other embodiments include network nodes (e.g., base stations, UEs) configured to perform such methods, as well as computer-readable media containing instructions that embody such methods.

Abstract: A method of managing data bearers between a cellular network subscriber device and a packet data gateway in a cellular network core, the cellular network subscriber device and the packet data gateway being connected by a default bearer, the method including receiving at least one dedicated bearer request for a communication session between the cellular network subscriber device and an external network resource; comparing at least one parameter of the received dedicated bearer against a set of predetermined rules; and if at least one parameter of the received dedicated bearer request matches at least one of the set of predetermined rules: storing the at least one parameter of the received dedicated bearer request; and sending a message to the subscriber device to cause the cellular network subscriber device and packet data gateway to use the default bearer for the communication session.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for associating data message flows from applications executing on a host computer with network interfaces of the computer. The method of some embodiments identifies a set of applications operating on a machine executing on the host computer, identifies candidate teaming policies for associating each identified application with a subset of one or more interfaces, and generates a report to display the identified candidate teaming policies per application to a user. In response to user input selecting a first teaming policy for a first application, the method generates a rule, and distributes the rule, to the host computer to associate the first application with a first subset of the network interfaces specified by the first teaming policy.

Abstract: A content delivery network may store forensic trail metadata for cache entries in order to identify and evict poisoned cache entries, mitigating the effects of a poisoned cache due to corrupted cache servers. Each entry of a cache server may include the cached item as well as forensic metadata. The forensic metadata includes identifiers for cache servers that the item was served from, as well as a timestamp for the time that the item was served. The cache server also maintains a list of corrupted servers, as well as a time window for each corrupted server. The cache server determines, based on the list of corrupted servers and the forensic metadata, whether to evict cache entries.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for playing a media file are disclosed. The method includes determining whether a resource-substitution process needs to be performed; and selecting a substitute resource from a candidate resource set to replace an original resource in the media file to play, when the resource-substitution process needs to be performed.

Abstract: A communication device (10) communicates in a network in which a TSN (Time-Sensitive Networking) technique is used. A time slot management unit (21) notifies that time slots in the TSN technique have been switched. A data receiving unit (23) stores reception data in a reception data storage unit (25) when the reception data received from other communication devices (10) is not transmission data transmitted during a current time slot. When the time slot management unit (21) notifies that the time slots have been switched, the data receiving unit (23) delivers to a reception task (27), the reception data which is the transmission data transmitted during a time slot after being switched and is stored in a reception data storage unit (25).

Abstract: A method determining indication of an occupancy level in a mobile communications system including a base station to communicate with a mobile communications device via a wireless interface provided by a first frequency channel allocated to mobile networks communications for the mobile communications system and by a shared channel which can be shared by the mobile communications system and by other wireless communications systems. The method includes: a mobile communications device: measuring, for each of plural first time periods within a second time period, a channel utilization on the shared channel; determining channel occupancy states for the shared channel for each of the first time periods based on the measured channel utilization; and determining an indication of an occupancy level for the shared channel for the second time period, the indication of an occupancy level determined based on the occupancy states for the shared channel for each first time period.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program that causes a computer to execute a process, the process comprising: calculating parameters of an expression that describes a model that is associated with a traffic system and estimates a traffic volume between a plurality of points, by using a plurality of measurement data measured in the traffic system that connects the plurality of points to each other, by using a method for solving an optimization problem; generating, when an indefinite solution is obtained by the calculating, indefiniteness information related to a range of the indefinite solution in the method for solving the optimization problem; and determining addition of the plurality of measurement data or output of the indefinite solution, depending on the indefiniteness information.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for providing content to packet-enabled devices in a content distribution network. In one embodiment, a network architecture is disclosed which enables delivery of content to IP-enabled devices such as mobile smartphones and tablet computers using a traditional high-speed data connection. This capability allows the managed network operator to provide content services to an IP-enabled device associated with a non-data subscriber. In one variant, a cable modem is provided which is limited to only retrieve content for delivery to the devices, yet which performs no other functions/services (including provision of high-speed data services). Alternatively, a “media server” modem is utilized to enable delivery of content from the managed network to a client or user device which is also able to obtain high-speed data service from a non-managed or third party managed network via a third-party access point. Security and authentication mechanisms for the transmitted content are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for throttling requests for a network service. A request for a network service is received from a client application and parameters are extracted from the request. Throttling policies applicable to the parameters are identified and retrieved, and it is determined whether the request should be processed based at least upon the throttling policies and the request parameters.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes at least one communication processor configured to support a first network communication and a second network communication, and a memory configured to store information about at least one first band supporting dual connectivity for the first network communication and the second network communication among a plurality of bands which correspond to the first network communication supported by the electronic device, and the at least one communication processor may be configured to camp on a first cell supporting the first network communication, after camping on the first cell, perform a measurement on at least some of the at least one first band among the plurality of bands in an idle state, and perform a cell reselection based on a measurement result for the at least some of the at least one first band. Herein, a measurement on a remaining band except for the at least one first band among the plurality of bands may not be performed.

Abstract: A system for facilitating data transmission in a switch is provided. During operation, the system can obtain one or more sets of configuration parameters for a plurality of traffic policing filters of the switch. A respective traffic policing filter can correspond to a token bucket. A number of tokens in the token bucket can indicate whether to forward a packet associated with the traffic policing filter. The system can determine the token allocation frequencies for the plurality of traffic policing filters based on the one or more sets of configuration parameters. The system can then select a sampling interval from the token allocation frequencies based on a selection policy and determine a performance rate for the plurality of traffic policing filters based on the sampling interval.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detection and cleanup of unused microservices. An example method comprises: identifying, by a processing device, a microservice in a running state; identifying a network proxy associated with the microservice; monitoring traffic between the network proxy and the network; determining that the network proxy has no traffic with the network during a window, wherein the window is a predetermined period of time or a predetermined amount of data that is sent to or from the network; and deleting the microservice and the network proxy.

Abstract: A telematics service system includes a telematics server connected to a service providing server and a telematics gateway over a network. The telematics server is configured to transmit or receive data to or from a vehicle through the telematics gateway, to select a recommendation protocol capable of being used to transmit or receive the data based on at least one of a type of the data flowing in from the service providing server or a throughput rate, and to determine a final protocol of the recommendation protocol through a handshake with the vehicle.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein provide for identifying optimal data packet size to achieve a higher throughput a wireless communication network. According to some embodiments, a system can comprise monitoring a transmit control protocol performance associated with a first transmission of data packets over a first duration of time, wherein a packet size of the data packets is a first data packet size, detecting that the transmit control protocol performance satisfies a function with respect to a threshold and in response to the detecting that transmit control protocol performance satisfies the function with respect to the first threshold, determining a second data packet size to use for a second transmission of the data packets over a second duration of time, transmitting a request to change the packet size of the data packets to the second data packet.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided to reduce mobility interruption time through dual-protocol stacks for mobility enhancement. In novel aspect, the UE configures a target protocol stack for a target gNB upon receiving a reconfiguration message from a source gNB, performs random access procedure and establishes RRC connection with the target gNB through the target protocol stack while simultaneously maintaining data transmission and reception with the source gNB, and releases the source RRC connection with the source gNB and performs data transmission and reception with the target gNB upon detecting one or more predefined release triggering event. In one embodiment, the target protocol stack includes a PHY layer, a MAC layer, and RLC layer, a PDCP and optionally a SDAP. In one embodiment, the UE enables a PDCP reordering, wherein the PDCP reordering is performed on PDCP packet data units received from the source and the target protocol stacks.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses related to reducing network congestion by analyzing data using a lightweight artificial intelligence (AI) layer prior to transmission are described. An AI model may predictively select data that need not be transmitted and, in some embodiments, further process data to be transmitted. As a result, the total size and amount of data transmitted over the network can be reduced, while the data needs of the receiving device can still be met. For example, data generated by a source application may be received and input into a predictive model, which may generate a prediction output for the data. The data may be pre-processed using a strategy selected based on the prediction output, and the pre-processed data may be transmitted over a network to a server.

Abstract: A network load balancing apparatus has a data buffer provided to each communication path of transfer destinations of a received packet and being associated with a virtual function, determines a destination virtual function based on a field value of the received packet, determines a communication path of a transfer destination of a packet to be subject to priority control based on a first hash value calculated using the field value, determines a communication path of a transfer destination of a packet to be subject to load balancing control, to match a preset load balancing situation of the data buffer, based on a second hash value based on the first hash value, and transmits the packet to a data buffer corresponding to the destination virtual function and the communication path of the transfer destination.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive a set of candidate resources, which may be used for transmission. The WTRU may periodically perform CCA on a channel (e.g., before transmitting on the channel). When the channel is determined to be free, the WTRU may determine a resource for transmission from the candidate resources. The resource may be determined based on the time remaining in the time period. For example, when the time remaining in the time period is shorter, the WTRU may determine to transmit on a resource that comprises more frequency resources. The WTRU may determine a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) scheme based on the number of frequency resources. The WTRU may send a transmission on the resource, which may include a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS). The DM-RS may indicate the resource used from transmission to a receiver of the transmission.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a method and device for transmitting data by means of a wireless backhaul network, for use in solving the problem in the prior art of inability to implement data transmission of a 5G wireless backhaul network due to that there is no network architecture for the 5G wireless backhaul network at present. In the embodiments of the present application, a terminal is connected to a wired backhaul access station by means of at least one path corresponding to a bearer, and transmits data with the wired backhaul access station by means of the at least one path; there is at least one wireless backhaul access station on any one path, each air interface of the terminal, the wired backhaul access station, and the wireless backhaul access station respectively corresponds to an underlying protocol combination, and the underlying protocol combination comprises an RLC layer, a MAC layer, and a PHY.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for steering packet traffic through an online network. One method includes receiving, at a switch of a network, a packet of data; classifying, by the switch, the packet to a service function chain based on fields of a packet header of the packet, the service function chain including a set of service functions to be performed on the packet; setting, by the switch, fields of the packet header to identify the service function chain classified; and transmitting, by the switch over the network, the packet to a service function device that performs a service function on the packet, the service function being in the set of service functions.