Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to intent driven network management. A system is configured to maintain an inventory store comprising records for a set of network entities in a network, wherein each network entity in the set of network entities is associated with a record in the inventory store. The system receives a user intent statement comprising an action and a flow filter representing network data flows on which the action is to be applied and queries, based on the flow filter, the inventory store to identify a plurality of network entities in the set of network entities to which the user intent statement applies. The system generates a plurality of network policies that implement the user intent statement based on the plurality of network entities and the action and enforces the plurality network policies.

Abstract: Virtual private network (VPN) service provider infrastructure (SPI) receives a request to access a VPN from a client device. The VPN SPI selects an Internet Protocol (IP) address for access to the VPN by the client device from a pool of IP addresses. The VPN SPI provides access to the VPN for the client device via the IP address. The VPN SPI receives one or more handshake notifications from the client device. The VPN SPI determines that a threshold time period has passed since a latest-in-time handshake notification of the one or more handshake notifications. The VPN SPI disconnects the client device from the VPN in response to determining that the threshold time period has passed. The VPN SPI adds the IP address to the pool of IP addresses in response to disconnecting the client device from the VPN.

Abstract: A network controller for a mesh network of routers in a communication system. The network controller automatically monitors the mesh network; determines to add one or more new software-based routers to the mesh network; provisions one or more programmable resources to be the one or more new software-based routers in the mesh network; and configures the one or more new software-based router to support one or more new paths through the mesh network. In some implementations, the controller automatically accesses one or more corresponding OEM libraries to retrieve one or more configuration protocols for the one or more programmable resources and uses the one or more retrieved configuration protocols to provision the one or more programmable resources using NFV and SDN technologies and configure the one or more new software-based routers. The controller may also automatically decommission one or more existing software-based routers from the network when appropriate.

Abstract: A terminal device 1 collects RTP information related to a call and transmits the RTP information to a CSCF 3. The CSCF 3 collects, from a plurality of SIP packets related to the call, the address of an edge router 2 that has handled the plurality of SIP packets, the address of an SBC 4 that has handled the plurality of SIP packets, and the domain name of an operator's network 5 that has handled the plurality of SIP packets, and stores in a call information list, for each call, the collected information in association with the RTP information transmitted from the terminal device 1. Then, the CSCF 3 identifies a plurality of problem-occurring calls using the RTP information, and determines a faulty portion based on a bias in the quantitative trend of the count of each of the edge router 2 addresses, the count of each of the SBC 4 addresses, and the count of each of the operator's network 5 domains.

Abstract: A SDN orchestration method includes: obtaining a first request for creating a first logical switch; creating a control plane instance of the first logical switch, and sending first configuration information to instruct the first forwarding device to configure the data plane instance of the first logical switch; obtaining a second request for connecting the first logical switch to a first logical router; sending second configuration information to instruct the first forwarding device to configure a first port of the data plane instance of the first logical switch to be communicatively connected to a second port of a data plane instance of the first logical router on the second forwarding device configured with the data plane instance of the first logical router; and sending third configuration information to instruct the second forwarding device to configure the second port to be communicatively connected to the first port.

Abstract: A GPU Box server cascade communication method, device, and system. The method includes: detecting an i2c communication bus through a baseboard management controller (BMC) in a powered-up GPU Box server to determine whether a next-stage GPU Box server corresponding to the GPU Box server exists, and if yes, reading an IP address and location information of the next-stage GPU Box server from the i2c communication bus by means of the BMC in the GPU Box server; and storing the IP address and the location information of the next-stage GPU Box server into a data structure of the GPU Box server so that a master control server reads the data structure of the GPU Box server, and establishing network communication with the next-stage GPU Box server according to the IP address and the location information stored in the data structure.

Abstract: Methods and systems for implementing communications between a Management Controller (MC) and a Network Controller (NC) are disclosed. Embodiments of the present technology may include a method for implementing communications between an MC and an NC that involves establishing Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity between the MC and the NC using Network Controller Sideband Interface (NC-SI) control packets and communicating between the MC and the NC via an NC-SI and the established IP connectivity.

Abstract: This document describes methods, devices, systems, and means for performing a regrouping of a user equipment (UE) (113) between user equipment-coordination sets (UECS) by a base station (121) in which the base station (121) determines to regroup a user equipment (113) from a source UECS to a target UECS and transmits a release message to a coordinating UE (111) of the source UECS requesting the coordinating UE (111) of the source UECS to release the user equipment (113) from the source UECS (605). The base station (121) transmits a request message to a coordinating UE (114) of the target UECS requesting the coordinating UE (114) of the target UECS to add the user equipment (113) to the target UECS (610), and transmits a regrouping message to the user equipment (113) that is effective to direct the user equipment (113) is to perform a regrouping from the source UECS to the target UECS (615).

Abstract: A method for configuring a first network node using a first autonomous system (AS) number in at least one session established with another node according to a dynamic routing protocol is described. The method is implemented by the first node and includes receiving a configuration message comprising at least one piece of information that is representative of a second AS number intended to be used by the first node as a replacement for the first number, configuring the first node with the second AS number, identifying at least one second node having at least one session according to the dynamic routing protocol, active with the first node, in which the first node is associated with the first AS number, and sending a control message to the at least one second node requesting the replacement of the first AS number with the second AS number by the at least one second node, such that, after the replacement, the first node is associated with the second AS number in the at least one active session.

Abstract: A network system includes a main network implementing a conventional network protocol and a BPD subtree implementing a custom network protocol. The main network comprises a plurality of MPD nodes, the conventional network protocol being configured for MPD nodes. The BPD subtree comprises a plurality of BPD nodes, the custom network protocol being configured for BPD nodes. The custom network protocol defines smaller and simpler subtrees relative to the conventional network protocol. As a result, the custom network protocol defines less complex functions relative to the conventional network protocol, including functions for discovery, messaging, and loop management. A root node of the BPD subtree is connected with an MPD node of the main network and one or more descendant nodes of the BPD subtree. The root node implements the conventional network protocol and the custom network protocol.

Abstract: A method of connecting computing devices for content sharing comprising: a first device generating a unique verification identifier and storing it in memory, requesting a pairing identifier from a privilege-group server, receiving the pairing identifier from the privilege-group server and storing it in memory, generating a code based on the unique verification identifier and the pairing identifier, a second device receiving the code, determining the unique verification identifier and the pairing identifier based on the code, storing the unique verification identifier and the pairing identifier in memory, and sending the pairing identifier to the privilege-group server.

Abstract: A scalable Internet of Things (IoT) system may include multiple instances of an IoT manager, each instance respectively configured to connect to a respective edge system of multiple edge systems. The IoT system may further include a containerized system configured to allow any instance of the IoT manager to deploy data pipelines to any edge system of the multiple edge systems in delta communications. Any instance of the IoT manager may send a change message to any edge system via a publish/subscribe notification method. In some examples, a centralized IoT manager may form a secure communication with an edge system, synchronize an object model with an edge object model for the edge system, and maintain the edge system using delta change communications. The IoT system may facilitate any instance of the IoT manager to subscribe a communication channel with an associated edge system for receiving update notification.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, calculating a Fresnel zone about a line of sight (LoS) between a pair of antennas positioned on antenna mounts. The Fresnel zone is projected onto a geospatial grid of 3D cells, each having a height above a horizontal plane. Cells that intersect the Fresnel zone projection are selected to obtain a subset cells with constraint heights determined according to heights of the subset cells that are adjusted according to the Fresnel zone. The LoS is revised according to an algorithm to obtain a set of updated LoS. Those updated LoS that do not intersect the set of adjusted constraint heights are identified as solutions that include an optimal solution, should one exist. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for link layer authentication includes receiving, at an edge network access node, a link layer authentication packet from a client, seeking network access, using a remote NAS agent running on the edge network access node. The method transmits, using a tunneling connection, the link layer authentication packet to a remote NAS in a link layer authentication process. The link layer authentication process exchanges the link layer authentication packet with an authentication server to authenticate the client. The method includes receiving a link layer authentication packet from the remote NAS over the tunneling connection. The received link layer authentication packet includes a response from the authentication server regarding the transmitted link layer authentication packet.

Abstract: When a failed connection is detected from a first radio unit (RU) to the cellular site router (CSR), activation of an existing backup cabled connection from the first RU to the CSR through a cabled connection between the first RU and a second RU of the cellular telecommunications tower may be performed. In one example, a first RU and second RU each have two physical network ports. The activation of the existing backup cabled connection from the first RU, via the second RU, to the CSR may include causing the first RU to enter from a normal operating mode into an Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) cascade operating mode to attempt to attain network connectivity for the first RU using the second physical network port of the first RU.

Abstract: A method for identifying VLANs associated with a network includes gathering actual network element configuration data from a plurality of network elements in the network, wherein the actual network element configuration data identifies one or more VLANs that at least some of the plurality of network elements are actually allocated to; correlating the actual network element configuration data with administrative VLAN data; and determining one or more VLANs that are not commonly identified in both the actual network element configuration data and the administrative VLAN data.

Abstract: A software defined network (SDN) system, controller, and controlling method, where the SDN system includes at least one Nth level controller and at least two (N+1)th level controllers belonging to the Nth level controller, where the (N+1)th level controller is configured to receive a first message sent by a node belonging to the (N+1)th level controller, and when the first message is a cross-domain message according to status information of each node that is managed by the (N+1)th level controller, forward the first message to the Nth level controller to which the (N+1)th level controller belongs, and the Nth level controller receives the first message, and perform decision processing according to status information of the (N+1)th level controller that is managed by and belongs to the Nth level controller and status information of boundary nodes of the (N+1)th level controller belonging to the Nth level controller.

Abstract: Configuration data associated with a router is converted. A selector tool identifies a first port of a first router having first data lines, and identifies a second port of a second router to receive the first data lines to be migrated from the first port. The first router and the second router use different, incompatible configuration data formats. A data transceiver captures first port configuration data associated with the first port of the first router, and a configuration data converter is to identify a type of interface associated with the captured first port configuration data and convert the captured first port configuration data from a first format compatible with the first router to a second format compatible with the second router based on the identified type of interface. A conversion file generator generates a configuration file containing the converted first port configuration data in the second format.

Abstract: A method implemented by a network element (NE) in a network, comprising receiving, by the NE, preferred path route (PPR) information describing a PPR graph, the PPR graph representing a plurality of PPRs between an ingress NE and an egress NE in the network, and updating, by the NE, a forwarding database to include a forwarding entry for the egress NE in response to identifying the NE in the plurality of PPR-PDEs, the forwarding entry indicating a next hop by which to forward a data packet comprising the PPR-ID.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods enable connecting tunnels channeling data flow from a user terminal and to a mobile network through a virtual switch in a network device which is configured to provide a service by processing data in the data flow. A method performed by a device having one or more processors includes establishing a first tunnel between the device and a node of the mobile network, and a second tunnel between the device and another network device of the mobile network, the first tunnel and the second tunnel operating according to Internet protocols. The method further includes connecting the first tunnel to the second tunnel using a virtual switch running on the device, and connecting a virtual machine running on the device to the virtual switch, the virtual machine being configured to provide a service by processing data in the data flow.

Abstract: A method for fetching a content from a web server to a client device is disclosed, using tunnel devices serving as intermediate devices. The client device accesses an acceleration server to receive a list of available tunnel devices. The requested content is partitioned into slices, and the client device sends a request for the slices to the available tunnel devices. The tunnel devices in turn fetch the slices from the data server, and send the slices to the client device, where the content is reconstructed from the received slices. A client device may also serve as a tunnel device, serving as an intermediate device to other client devices. Similarly, a tunnel device may also serve as a client device for fetching content from a data server. The selection of tunnel devices to be used by a client device may be in the acceleration server, in the client device, or in both.

Abstract: An online system receives offline conversion data in real-time from a third party system regarding an offline user, the offline conversion data indicating an action performed by the offline user and identifying information for the offline user. The online system identifies a local user matching the offline user based on the identifying information for the offline user. The online system stores the offline conversion for the identified local user. The online system determines an attribution to a sponsored content item for the offline conversion. The online system presents updated information regarding the offline conversion to the third party system in real-time.

Abstract: A wireless communication method used in a wireless communication device, wherein the wireless communication method includes the steps of: establishing a link with a first access point, and obtaining a backhaul SSID of a self-organizing network including the first access point from the first access point; referring to the backhaul SSID to obtain first access point information of the first access point and second access point information of a second access point within the self-organizing network, wherein each of the first access point information and the second access point information includes a BSSID; and selecting one of the first access point and the second access point to perform a wireless network connection according to the first access point information and the second access point information.

Abstract: The invention relates to implementing a factory reset to a lighting device. Thereto, the invention provides a lighting device comprising: a directional wireless receiver configured to receive a message within a time period, wherein the message comprises at least one signal comprising a factory reset command from a user device; a controller configured to implement a factory reset of the lighting device if a respective signal of said at least one signal is received within a respective predefined angular range relative to the lighting device.

Abstract: A communications system may include mobile communications nodes operating according to a current topology and reconfigurable to a new topology. Each mobile communications node may include a wireless transceiver, and a controller configured to transmit spectral performance data to adjacent nodes and receive spectral performance data from the adjacent nodes. The controller may identify potential topologies for the adjacent nodes based on the spectral performance data, select a subset of potential topologies from among the potential topologies, generate a respective performance score for each potential topology of the subset of potential topologies, and switch to a new topology from among the subset of potential topologies based upon the performance scores.

Abstract: Systems and methods for provisioning and managing a network are disclosed. One method can comprise determining location information of one or more access points and selecting a routing device based upon the location information. Communication can be established between the one or more access points and the select routing device to define a mobility group comprising the one or more access points.

Abstract: Determined is a topology of a communication network composed of a plurality of nodes connected or not respectively to at least one item of equipment, one of the nodes, referred to as the root node, being connected to an external network. A service class is determined for each node, from each node, information is obtained representing the quality of the link between the node and other nodes, for each link, parameters representing the quality of the link are calculated, the nodes are classified according to the service class thereof and according to the number of links making up the path that separates them from the root node, for each node and according to the classification, the possible paths connecting the node to the root node are determined, a score is calculated for each path determined, the path is selected for the node having the best score.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided herein for transitioning a supplicant from one virtual local area network (VLAN) to another using a change of authorization (COA) message. This may be accomplished by an authentication server notifying a network device that a host should be granted access to the network, wherein the authentication server authenticates the host using MAC based authentication. Based on this notification and the MAC address of the host, the network device assigns the host to a first VLAN. If the authentication server determines that the host needs to change from the first VLAN to a second VLAN the authentication server generates a COA message, associated with the host, wherein the COA message comprises a VLAN identifier related to the second VLAN. The authentication server transmits the COA message to the network device causing the network device to route traffic to and from the host using the second VLAN.

Abstract: An in-vehicle network system includes an upper device, a first intermediate device, and a first lower device. The first intermediate device includes a first communication unit and a second communication unit that are arranged redundantly and that have a communication function. The first intermediate device is configured to communicate with the upper device via a plurality of communication paths. The first lower device is connected to the first communication unit and the second communication unit of the first intermediate device.

Abstract: Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) transmission for positioning can be utilized on flexible symbols. Techniques disclosed for transmitting a reference signal for positioning comprise receiving, from a serving base station, a message comprising an indication to transmit a SRS on a set of symbols of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) slot. Techniques may also comprise determining the SRS is to be used for positioning, and receiving, from the serving base station, downlink control information (DCI) having a slot format indicator (SFI) that designates a subset of the set of symbols as flexible. Techniques may also comprise transmitting the SRS on at least a portion of the subset.

Abstract: A marine-type communication device that reads data from a data bus, dynamically creates new data channels for a plurality of operational systems and performs a volatility assessment to determine when to save the data for transmission to a cloud network and when to transmit the data to the cloud network.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for RACH re-attempt, a user equipment and a base station.

Abstract: Access nodes of a large-scale network are arranged into a number of groups. The groups are arranged into a number of bands. Each distributor of a pool of distributors interconnects each access node of a selected group to at least one channel from each group of a selected band. A discipline of allocating the selected group and the selected band to a distributor ensures that each access node has: a number, approximately equal to half the number of groups, of parallel single-hop paths to each other access node of a same group; a number, approximately equal to half the number of bands, of parallel single-hop paths to each access node of a different group within a same band; and one single-hop path to each other access node of a different access band. To eliminate the need for cross connectors, geographically-spread distributors are arranged into geographically-spread constellations of collocated distributors.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to enablement of a service function chain based on a software defined network. In some embodiments, there is provided a method implemented at a service function chain controller. The method comprises creating a service function chain for a packet, the service function chain comprising a set of ordered service functions that are to process the packet; and configuring respective forwarding rules associated with the service function chain directly or indirectly to a plurality of network nodes in a software defined network, the respective forwarding rules indicating how the plurality of network nodes forward the packet to the set of ordered service functions in the service function chain. In this way, it is possible to enable the service function chain in the software defined network.

Abstract: A method for managing network slices for the benefit of users monitors and obtains key performance indicators configured by a user, the indicator values being collected in real time and visually presented. When a user wants to optimize the network slices, weightings, value intervals, and variables are applied by the user to target key performance indicators. The network slices are optimized by a particle swarm algorithm configured by the user. A device and a computer readable and permanent storage medium for executing the network slices management method are also disclosed.

Abstract: Packet transmission rate and packet drop rate for discrete network devices in a network are used to estimate end-to-end traffic demand and loss in the network. Data regarding the packet transmission rate and drop rate are passively collected for each network device and transmitted to a network monitoring unit. The network monitoring unit compiles the data and generates a series of simultaneous equations that represent traffic demand and loss between the discrete network devices along the paths connecting respective source-destination pairs. By determining an optimal solution to the simultaneous equations, an estimate of end-to-end traffic loss and corresponding traffic demand, which takes into account packet loss at each network device, can be generated for each source-destination pair. The optimal solution can be formed as a traffic matrix, which aggregates source-to-destination traffic demands, and a loss matrix, which aggregates source-to-destination traffic losses.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mechanism that provides the extensions of PCEP message and the objects to support PCECC with P2MP capability in downloading the labels for branch node of P2MP TE LSPs. In one implementation, various embodiments provide an apparatus, a system, a node and a method that receives a PCLabelUpd message with all the extensions and the objects to support PCECC with P2MP capability, detects the object and identifies that the label download is for P2MP TE LSP and for this LSP. In those embodiments, the apparatus/the system/the node acts as a branch node, and thereby the apparatus/the system/the node downloads all the labels specified in the object to data plane with respect to any existing branch node download mechanism for a P2MP TE LSP.

Abstract: A control method and device (100) based on an industrial Ethernet relate to the technical field of Ethernet. The industrial Ethernet involves a master node and a plurality of slave nodes. The master node transmits a predetermined packet to a first slave node (S140). The first slave node transmits the predetermined packet having been rewritten by the first slave node to a succeeding slave node linked to the first slave node until a last slave node in the plurality of the slave nodes receives the predetermined packet having been rewritten by all preceding slave nodes in the plurality of the slave nodes; and the last slave node transmits the predetermined packet back to the master node (S150). The master node then parses the predetermined packet, which has been rewritten by each of the plurality of the slave nodes, to uncover a topology of the slave nodes (S160). The master node informed by the topology transmits a command packet to one of the plurality of the slave nodes to be controlled (S180).

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A first user equipment (UE) may receive, via a communication link between the first UE and a base station, radio resource control (RRC) signaling which configures a relay communication sidelink for communicating message traffic between the first UE and a second UE for relay to the base station. The first UE may receive a control message via layer one (L1) signaling or layer two (L2) signaling which activates the relay communication sidelink configured by the RRC signaling. The first UE may then communicate, via the relay communication sidelink, a message for relay to or from the base station by the first UE or the second UE based on the control message.

Abstract: A network includes at least two nodes that employ a routing protocol to communicate across a network. One of the nodes is a parent node and another of the nodes is a child node of the parent node. An address generator assigns a unique network address to the child node by appending an address value of a number of bits to a parent address of the parent node to create the unique network address for the child node.

Abstract: Cryptographically secure data communications between layered groups of devices in a wireless cooperative broadcast network encrypts datagrams twice prior to transmission by a source device, first using an inner layer key that is shared by a first group of devices, and second using an outer layer key that is shared by a second group of devices; the devices of the first group being members of the second group. Received datagrams are recovered by first decrypting with the outer layer key and second decrypting with the inner layer key.

Abstract: Geographic location of a virtual server is predicted by determining a baseline geographic location of a virtual server of a computing environment, where the determining uses triangulation processing and known locations of multiple reference servers of the computing environment. Further, network communication-related data for communications between the multiple reference servers across a network is obtained, and a machine learning model is generated to predict an actual geographic location of the virtual server using, at least in part, the baseline geographic location of the virtual server and the obtained network communication-related data. The machine learning model is used to predict a current geographic location of the virtual server based, at least in part, on current network communication-related data for communications between the virtual server and one or more of the reference servers.

Abstract: A system described herein may determine transformations, differences, variations, etc. in radio frequency (“RF”) waveforms sent by a device in order to detect motion-based events. Models associated with the differences in such RF waveforms may be used to identify particular types of events, such as the presence of an individual in a room or other area, a type of motion, or other types of events. An interval or rate at which the device outputs RF waveforms may be modified, in order to increase the resolution of the determination of differences between the RF waveforms as sent and the RF waveforms as received, and/or to conserve power.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a UAV are provided. The method is applied to a base station, and includes: receiving flight path information transmitted by a UAV controller, wherein the flight path information represents a flight path set by the UAV controller for a UAV controlled by the UAV controller; determining the flight path based on the flight path information; and determining a next base station to which the UAV is to move based on the flight path, and performing a handover preparation for the next base station. Therefore, the present disclosure improves the mobility of the UAV and can also reduce the latency of handover between base stations.

Abstract: Concepts and technologies of network service control for remote access to wireless radio networks are provided herein. In an embodiment, a client network can be provided by a network access point that can include a processor that is configured to detect a guest user equipment and determine whether the guest user equipment is a recognized device. In response to determining that the guest user equipment is not a recognized device, the processor can create an identity verification request message that seeks approval from a host device to allow the guest user equipment to access the client network. The processor can provide the identity verification request message to the host device and receive a trigger response message. The processor can create a network access package that provides the guest user equipment with access credentials to access the client network and provide the network access package to the guest user equipment.

Abstract: Decoding includes sensing a packet related to SSL handshake for connecting a SSL between a client and a server after a TCP session has been established between the client and the server in an SSL decoding device. If the packet for an SSL handshake is transmitted in a preset operating system, an SSL between the client and the SSL decoding device and an SSL between the SSL decoding device and the server is established. A TCP session between a virtual client corresponding to the client and a virtual server corresponding to the server is also established. A packet transmitted/received between the virtual client and the virtual server is transmitted when the TCP session is established. If a first SSL packet transferred from the client to the SSL decoding device is received, the SSL packet is decoded and transmitted to the security device and to the server.

Abstract: A network element and method for programming a network element that includes detecting an update to a first route in a routing information base (RIB) is disclosed. The method includes locating a first route network prefix associated with the first route within a network prefix trie (NPT); determining that, prior to the update, a first parent network prefix and the first route network prefix were reachable using a pair of different next hops connected to the network element; and determining that, after the update, the first parent network prefix and the first route network prefix are reachable using a first common next hop connected to the network element. The method also includes removing an existing forwarding information base (FIB) entry in the FIB associated with the first route network prefix.

Abstract: A service provision method according to one aspect of the present invention includes providing, to a user terminal (107), a catalog including: a first node type for defining a node relating to a VNW (102); a first relationship type for defining a relationship between nodes relating to the VNW (102); a second node type for defining a node relating to an LNW (104); and a second relationship type for defining a relationship between nodes relating to the LNW (104); receiving, from the user terminal (107), a service request generated in accordance with the catalog for requesting a service that uses the HNW (110); and controlling a VNW OpS (103) and an LNW OpS (105) in response to the received service request.

Abstract: Disclosed are various examples of an action framework for configuring a gateway to perform actions on the gateway itself or in conjunction with connected IoT devices. In some examples, a command is transmitted from a management service to a gateway device to permit a gateway client application to execute on the gateway device. A command to register an action in association with the gateway client application is also transmitted. The management service then commands the gateway device to perform the action, and receives an action results message with information about the action.

Abstract: According to some example embodiments of the inventive concepts, there is provided a method of operating a stacked memory device including a plurality of memory dies stacked in a vertical direction, the method including receiving a command and an address from a memory controller, determining a stack ID indicating a subset of the plurality of memory dies by decoding the address, and accessing at least two memory dies among the subset of memory dies corresponding to the stack ID such that the at least two memory dies are non-adjacent.