Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes: receiving, by an authentication device, from a client device and via a network device, a plurality of passcode packets as part of a request to be authenticated by the authentication device; recording, by the authentication device, a sequence of port identifiers corresponding to respective ports of the network device via which the plurality of passcode packets are received; and authenticating, by the authentication device, the client device based on the sequence of port identifiers.

Abstract: Methods and system for one-line synchronous interface are described. A timing device including a first buffer can be connected to a line card including a second buffer. The timing device can control the first buffer to output a synchronization pulse to the line card periodically at a time interval. For each output of the synchronization pulse, the timing device can switch the first buffer from a first output mode to a first input mode. Under the first input mode, the timing device listen for incoming data on the trace. The line card can receive the synchronization pulse periodically at the time interval. For each receipt of the synchronization pulse, the line card can switch the second buffer from a second input mode to a second output mode. Under the second output mode, the line card can transmit outgoing data on the trace.

Abstract: A configurable hardware device comprises a configuration memory of a known total size, and a configurable fabric arranged for being configured according to information from the configuration memory and segmented in a static partition and at least one dynamic partition. A static partition is arranged for receiving a bit stream and a cryptographic nonce and comprises a read/write mechanism for interacting with the configuration memory. The received bit stream is stored in the configuration memory and used to configure an intended application in the dynamic partition. The static partition is arranged for computing, based on the cryptographic nonce, a checksum of the entire configuration memory and for outputting the checksum.

Abstract: A system and method includes configuring a computer system to provide output of one or more advertisements of products to a user device of a consumer, receiving, by the computer system, one or more inputs of impressions, clicks, orders and other KPIs, estimating, by the computer system, for a click through rate (CTR) of advertisements of the products based on the inputs received, optimizing, by the computer system with an optimization module, an estimated revenue and estimated advertisement spending (Adspend) based on the CTR of advertisements, and providing, by the computer system, output of one or more advertisements of the products to the user device of the consumer for display.

Abstract: Various methods and systems for implementing request scheduling and processing in a multi-tenant distributed computing environment are provided. Requests to utilize system resources in the distributed computing environment are stored in account queues corresponding to tenant accounts. If storing a request in an account queue would exceed a throttling threshold such as a limit on the number of requests stored per account, the request is dropped to a throttling queue. A scheduler prioritizes processing requests stored in the processing queue before processing requests stored in the account queues. The account queues can be drained using dominant resource scheduling. In some embodiments, a request is not picked up from an account queue if processing the request would exceed a predefined hard limit on system resource utilization for the corresponding tenant account. In some embodiments, the hard limit is defined as a percentage of threads the system has to process requests.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for navigating backup configurations may include (1) identifying a set of computing resources within a backup environment managed by a backup system, (2) identifying a request to navigate a configuration of the backup system, and, in response to the request, (3) displaying the set of computing resources within a graphical user interface as selectable elements, (4) identifying a selection within the graphical user interface of at least one computing resource within the set of computing resources, (5) receiving an input within the graphical user interface to provide backup information relating to the selection, and, in response to the input, (6) displaying the backup information. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and system for extending a cache of a storage system, by obtaining information on data in a storage system frequently accessed by a plurality of clients of the storage system; determining, based on the obtained information, storage information related to storage of cacheable data in the storage system, the cacheable data comprising a set of the data frequently accessed by the plurality of clients; and synchronizing the storage information amongst the plurality of clients so that a respective client of the plurality of clients locally caches, based on the storage information, data frequently accessed by the respective client.

Abstract: Various communication systems may benefit from improvements in communication flow. For example, a network may benefit from packet flow optimization. A method can include receiving a flow at an entity of a communication system having a virtualized control plane. The method can also include dynamically deciding how to route the flow to an entity selected from a group of entities comprising at least one virtualized part of an entity. The method can further include routing the flow as decided.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for reserving bandwidth for an adaptive streaming client belonging to at least one network and configured for receiving a streaming content from at least one server, the streaming content being available at more than one data rate at the server. The device includes a stream identifier configured for detecting at least one streaming content requested by the client, a bandwidth manager configured for temporarily reserving for the client, when at least one event occurs, a transient bandwidth depending on the predetermined target data rate associated with the requested streaming content and a transient margin.

Abstract: A system for lossless switching of traffic in a network device may be implemented when a network switch is integrated into a gateway device, or with any other data source. A processor of the gateway device may receive queue depth information for queues of the network switch. The processor may prevent data from being transmitted to congested queues of the network switch, while allowing data to be transmitted to uncongested queues. In this manner, data loss can be avoided through the network switch for data sourced from the gateway device, such as audio-video data retrieved from a hard drive, audio-video data received from a tuner, etc. Furthermore, re-transmission at higher layers can be reduced. Since the subject system observes congestion for each individual queue, only traffic destined to that particular, congested, queue is affected, e.g. paused. Traffic to non-congested queues is not affected, regardless of traffic class or egress port.

Abstract: As disclosed herein a method, executed by a computer, for enabling enhanced reading device usability includes detecting, on an electronic device, a read operation that audibly reads visually presented information. The method further includes retrieving from a user profile a first threshold value and a second threshold value. The method further includes analyzing potential distractions to determine an estimated distraction level. The method further includes pausing the read operation if the estimated distraction level is greater than or equal to the first threshold value. The method further includes resuming the read operation if the estimated distraction level is less than or equal to the second threshold value. A computer system, and a computer program product corresponding to the method are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Solution for reducing timing uncertainty is provided. The solution means for receiving data in a first clock domain; means for selecting in the first clock domain a data unit to be a frame starting point and transmitting the information on the selection to a frame counter in a second clock domain; means for performing to the data in a coding/decoding unit coding or decoding, the coding/decoding unit several clock domains; means for obtaining at the output of the coding/decoding unit the position of the selected frame starting point; and means for determining timing of the correct frame starting point of the coded/decoded data utilizing the obtained position of the selected frame starting point and the information in the frame counter.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a FIFO, a test data write circuit that sequentially writes a plurality of test data to the FIFO in synchronization with a first clock signal, and a test control circuit that, in parallel with writing of the plurality of test data to the FIFO by the test data write circuit, sequentially reads a plurality of test data stored in the FIFO in synchronization with a second clock signal that is not synchronous with the first clock signal and performs a scan test of a circuit to be tested.

Abstract: A network device such as a router or switch, in one embodiment, includes a timing analyzer which is capable of providing timing analysis over one or more network circuits. The timing analyzer, in one aspect, receives a data packet traveling across a circuit emulation service (“CES”) circuit such as T1 or E1 circuit. Upon obtaining an arrival timestamp associated with the data packet, the arrival timestamp is stored in a timestamp buffer in accordance with a first-in first-out (“FIFO”) storage sequence. After identifying the oldest arrival timestamp in the timestamp buffer, an offset is generated based on the result of comparison between the arrival timestamp and the oldest timestamp. The timing analyzer can also be configured to generate timing reports on-demand based on generated offset(s).

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for performing incremental database backups may include (1) identifying a request to perform a block-level incremental backup of a database, the block-level incremental backup including data that has changed within the database since a previous block-level incremental backup of the database, (2) requesting, in response to the request, a differential backup stream from a database server of the database, (3) creating an incremental backup stream from the differential backup stream at least in part by removing at least one database block from the differential backup stream that has not changed since the previous block-level incremental backup and (4) forwarding the incremental backup stream to a backup location to create the block-level incremental backup. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and a network device for transmitting a data stream are provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The present disclosure relates to the field of communications, can ensure the effective transmission of the data stream, and enhances the quality of service of the network. The method for transmitting a data stream includes: determining, according to a forwarding table, candidate forwarding ports for transmitting the data stream; determining, according to a priority level of the data stream and priority levels of the candidate forwarding ports, forwarding ports for transmitting the data stream; transmitting the data stream through a first forwarding port of the forwarding ports; when the first forwarding port is congested, transmitting the data stream through a second forwarding port of the forwarding ports. The embodiments of the present disclosure can be adopted to transmit the data stream.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling a Remote User Interface Server (RUIS) in a Remote User Interface Client (RUIC), wherein the method includes rendering an RUI page for controlling RUISs, receiving an input of a control command for controlling the RUISs from a user through the RUI page, generating a multicast control message for transmitting the input control command in a form of multicast, and transmitting the multicast control message to the RUISs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may include estimating a metric value relating to a first user equipment and an access point, without relying on actual data transmitted by the access point to the first user equipment. The method may also include estimating a quality degradation to the at least one second user equipment if at least part of the traffic of the first user equipment is routed to the access point. The method may also include performing routing of at least part of the traffic of the first user equipment based on the estimated metric value and the estimated degradation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a communication apparatus configured to transmit image data through a network and a control method therefor. The apparatus stores, as transmission history, a destination and a communication mode for IPFAX at a time of transmission, reads the destination and the communication mode, and transmits image data to the read destination in the read communication mode.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method for communicating with a wearable wireless device are provided. The system includes at least one data source, an aggregator configured to receive data from the at least one data source, and to communicate with an access point, the access point configured to communicate with the aggregator and to communicate with a wearable wireless device, and the wearable wireless device configured to communicate with the access point so as to receive information from the aggregator through the access point.

Abstract: A module may be included with a content item. The module may be configured such that the module performs a number of tasks at a first rate via a timer when the module is visible and at a second rate via a timer when the module is not visible. A script may be used with the module to determine the number of times the task has been executed by the module and to compare the number of times the task has been executed to a value. If the number of times that the task has been executed by the module is greater than the value then data may be output to indicate the that content item has been viewed. In some instances, the module may be used with a content item served in a cross-domain iframe.

Abstract: A network device such as a router or switch, in one embodiment, includes a timing analyzer which is capable of providing timing analysis over one or more network circuits. The timing analyzer, in one aspect, receives a data packet traveling across a circuit emulation service (“CES”) circuit such as T1 or E1 circuit. Upon obtaining an arrival timestamp associated with the data packet, the arrival timestamp is stored in a timestamp buffer in accordance with a first-in first-out (“FIFO”) storage sequence. After identifying the oldest arrival timestamp in the timestamp buffer, an offset is generated based on the result of comparison between the arrival timestamp and the oldest timestamp. The timing analyzer can also be configured to generate timing reports on-demand based on generated offset(s).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dynamically constructing a broadcast multiplex are described. The method includes: receiving metadata associated with a first plurality of events on a plurality of source channels, the metadata including, at least, scheduling metadata; determining, on the basis of a rule-set applied to the metadata, whether events of the first plurality of events are to be included in the multiplex, thereby producing a second plurality of events to be included in the multiplex; for each one event of the second plurality of events, assigning a multiplex priority to the one event, the multiplex priority being a priority the one event is to be assigned in the multiplex in case the one event contends for space in the multiplex with a second event of the second plurality of events; copying events from the second plurality of events into the multiplex in dependence on the multiplex priorities of events in the second plurality of events; and broadcasting the multiplex.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment is directed to a method of tracking a plurality of communication paths in a connector assembly having a plurality of first attachment points and a plurality of second attachment points. The plurality of first attachment points and the plurality of second attachment points are configured to attach physical communication media to the connector assembly. The method comprises reading, from a storage device associated with the connector assembly first, information indicative of a plurality of communication paths formed within the connector assembly between the first attachment points and the second attachment points. The method further comprises reading second information stored on or in physical communication media that is attached to the connector assembly and communicating the first and second information to an aggregation point that is communicatively coupled to the connector assembly.

Abstract: A system automatically maintains a plurality of client connections associated with a plurality of clients, the plurality of client connections including active and idle connections. A first server receives a request from a client of the plurality of clients to access a second server of a plurality of second servers communicatively coupled to the first server, the plurality of second servers having varying communication protocols. The first server then identifies a first communication protocol associated with the second server and activating a link between the first server and the second server using the first communication protocol.

Abstract: A network switch including a port receiving a first frame. A memory includes first buffers available to store frames and second buffers reserved for the port. A pointer module stores first pointers for the first buffers. A reserve module includes a counter, requests from the pointer module some of the first pointers, and increments the counter to count a number of pointers reserved for the first port. The pointers received from the pointer module are deemed reserved and as a result the first buffers, pointed to by the pointers received from the pointer module, are included in the second buffers. An ingress module stores the first frame in some of the second buffers and determines a destination channel for the first frame. The counter is incremented for each of the second buffers used to store the first frame. An egress module transmits the frame on the destination channel.

Abstract: A set of globally-reachable attachment registers is provided for objects in an internetwork of interconnected communications networks. “Objects” can be networks, hosts or terminals, or passive objects which themselves do not have a network interface. Each attachment register corresponds to an object in the internetwork. The attachment registers are not located with their respective object. Information is stored in the attachment registers that establishes one or more logical links between the attachment registers. The information is used to perform one or more network communication functions, and in particular to determine a locator by identifying a logical path, along the logical links between attachment registers, from a destination attachment register corresponding to the destination object. Other non-limiting example functions include location registration and update, name to global locator resolution, routing, multi-homing, dynamic ISP selection, and handover.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments that provide an architecture of memory buffers for a network component configured to process packets. A network component may receive a packet, the packet being associated with a control structure and packet data, an input port set and an output port set. The network component determines one of a plurality of control structure memory partitions for writing the control structure, the one of the plurality of control structure memory partitions being determined based at least upon the input port set and the output port set; and determines one of a plurality of packet data memory partitions for writing the packet data, the one of the plurality of packet data memory partitions being determined independently of the input port set.

Abstract: A method and circuit for implementing synchronized memory activities of multiple memory devices being accessed in parallel, and a design structure on which the subject circuit resides are provided. Each memory circuit generates an internal status signal for predefined internal memory activities and provides an output signal coupled to the multiple memory devices. Each memory circuit monitors the generated internal status signal and the output signal of at least one of the multiple memory devices, and responsive to the monitored signals generates a control signal for adjusting operation of its memory activities to synchronize memory activities of the memory devices.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention includes a method for receiving a first portion of a first packet at a first agent and determining whether the first portion is an interleaved portion based on a value of an interleave indicator. The interleave indicator may be sent as part of the first portion. In such manner, interleaved packets may be sent within transmission of another packet, such as a lengthy data packet, providing improved processing capabilities. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A path setting apparatus sets wireless paths fixed by a wireless network formed by a wireless connection device and a plurality of wireless devices. The path setting apparatus may include an editing unit that edits and sets positions of the wireless connection device and the wireless devices and wireless paths between the wireless connection device and the wireless devices and between the wireless devices, and edits and sets communication timings of the wireless connection device and the wireless devices where the wireless paths are set, based on an input instruction, a storage unit that stores power performance information of the wireless devices, and calculating unit that calculates at least one of transmission delays between the wireless devices and the wireless connection device, transmission delays between the wireless devices, consumption power of the wireless devices, and battery life of batteries used as power supplies of the wireless devices.

Abstract: A personal video recorder (PVR) system includes a processing unit, a system memory coupled to the processing unit by a system memory bus, and an insertion module being coupled to the processing unit for inserting a packet into a PVR bit stream according to packet information. During a packet insertion operation, the processing unit is for reading data from the system memory, processing the data to generate the packet insertion information, and directly transferring the packet insertion information to the insertion module. By directly transferring the packet insertion information generated by the processing unit to the insertion module, memory bandwidth requirements of the system memory are reduced, and data access of the system memory is improved.

Abstract: A cellular telephone, system and method are provided which are capable of transferring a portion of or an entire telephone directory consisting of a plurality of telephone numbers to another cellular telephone via a remote central station. The remote central station receives the telephone directory and stores the same in memory for either temporary or permanent storage. The telephone directory can then be transferred from the remote central station to the same or another cellular telephone for storing the telephone directory within a memory of the cellular telephone. An individual, a company, or other entity, utilizing the remote central station, in order to store and transfer a telephone directory from a cellular telephone to the same cellular telephone or to at least another cellular telephone, pays a fee to at least one operator of the remote central station for providing and/or performing the receiving, storing and transferring services.

Abstract: A network switch including a first port, a forwarding module, and a queue controller. The first port is configured to receive i) a first frame of data transmitted to the network switch over a first communication channel, and ii) store the first frame of data in a memory. The forwarding module is configured to assign the first frame of data to a second port for transmission from the network switch over a second communication channel. The queue controller is configured to store a first count of a number of buffers of the memory used by the first port. The queue controller is configured to increment the first count i) based on the number of the buffers used to store at least a portion of the first frame of data, or ii) each time one of the buffers is enqueued for at least a portion of the first frame of data.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention disclose a backplane and backplane system. The backplane includes at least two service slots with the same function and an exchange slot. Among the pins of different service slots with the same function respectively connected to the exchange slot, at least two pins are arranged to resemble a stepped form. When arranged in this manner, the distribution and orientation of the connection lines connecting the pins of the service slots with the same function to the exchange slot may be adjusted, and wiring density within a single wiring layer may be increased, which therefore enables the connection lines between the service slots and the exchange slot to be staggered from each other in less wiring layers or even one wiring layer, and as a result, decreases the number of the wiring layers to be used, and reduces the costs of the backplane.

Abstract: A cellular telephone, system and method are provided which are capable of transferring a portion of or an entire telephone directory consisting of a plurality of telephone numbers to another cellular telephone via a remote central station. The remote central station receives the telephone directory and stores the same in memory for either temporary or permanent storage. The telephone directory can then be transferred from the remote central station to the same or another cellular telephone for storing the telephone directory within a memory of the cellular telephone. An individual, a company, or other entity, utilizing the remote central station, in order to store and transfer a telephone directory from a cellular telephone to the same cellular telephone or to at least another cellular telephone, pays a fee to at least one operator of the remote central station for providing and/or performing the receiving, storing and transferring services.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatus and software can provide visualization of the topology of a data protection system. Various devices making up the data protection system are displayed using graphical user interface elements such as icons. The display of the devices making up the data protection system illustrates the topology of the data protection system, connections among various system devices, device status information, device activity information, and/or device configuration information.

Abstract: A link control card for disk drives. The link control card includes: a first connector for carrying relatively high frequency user data and low frequency signals; a diplexer connected to the connector, such diplexer having a first port for the high frequency user data and a second port for the low frequency signals; an optical connector for carrying the relatively high frequency user data; and a high frequency user data communication channel disposed between the diplexer and the disk drives for selectively connected either the first port of the diplexer or the optical connector to the disk drives.

Abstract: A target world wide port name of a target port of a storage system is identified, by a device located in a path between a switch port of a switch and the target port of the storage system. A first port of the device is registered with the switch based on the target world wide port name, in a first registration procedure. Registration information relating to an initiator port of a server that is associated with the target port is received, in a second registration procedure. An initiator world wide port name of the initiator port of the server is determined, based on the registration information. A storage volume in the storage system that is associated with the initiator port is identified, based on the initiator world wide port name of the initiator port.

Abstract: A signal transmission interface includes: a USB audio format encoding unit adapted to be coupled to a digital broadcast receiving end, for converting a digital audio signal that originates from the digital broadcast receiving end into a USB audio signal; a USB hub coupled to the USB audio format encoding unit and adapted to be coupled to a host end, for transmitting the USB audio signal to the host end and receiving a USB control signal that originates from the host end; and a USB/serial transmission bus bridge unit coupled to the USB hub and adapted to be coupled to the digital broadcast receiving end, for converting the USB control signal that is transmitted from the USB hub into a serial transmission bus control signal, and transmitting the serial transmission bus control signal to the digital broadcast receiving end.

Abstract: Network interface systems are disclosed comprising a bus interface system, a media access control system, a memory system, a security system for selectively encrypting outgoing data and decrypting incoming data, a checksum system for generating and verifying checksum values, and a segmentation system for selectively segmenting outgoing data, where the network interface system may be fabricated as a single integrated circuit chip. Methods are also provided for interfacing a host system with a network, in which checksum information is obtained from the host system, which is used to generate checksum values for outgoing data while the data is being stored in a network interface memory system.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer-readable media are provided for transmitting wireless data across a coaxial cable. In one aspect, a set of computer-readable media provides a method that includes receiving a request from a mobile device for data and transmitting the data across a coaxial cable to a cable modem. The method further includes sending the data to the mobile device through a base station, wherein the base station communicates with the cable modem in order to receive the data.

Abstract: A system for managing and documenting a local area communications network is provided which deploys power sourcing equipment and powered devices by the use of active electronic modules, having an Ethernet controller and Power over Ethernet forwarding capabilities, as integral, managed components within the cable plant, to enhance management, documentation, security and emergency 911 aspects of the network as well as extending the physical reach of the network.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention includes a method for receiving a first portion of a first packet at a first agent and determining whether the first portion is an interleaved portion based on a value of an interleave indicator. The interleave indicator may be sent as part of the first portion. In such manner, interleaved packets may be sent within transmission of another packet, such as a lengthy data packet, providing improved processing capabilities. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A target world wide port name of a target port of a storage system is identified, by a device located in a path between a switch port of a switch and the target port of the storage system. A first port of the device is registered with the switch based on the target world wide port name, in a first registration procedure. Registration information relating to an initiator port of a server that is associated with the target port is received, in a second registration procedure. An initiator world wide port name of the initiator port of the server is determined, based on the registration information. A storage volume in the storage system that is associated with the initiator port is identified, based on the initiator world wide port name of the initiator port.

Abstract: A set of globally-reachable attachment registers is provided for objects in an internetwork of interconnected communications networks. “Objects” can be networks, hosts or terminals, or passive objects which themselves do not have a network interface. Each attachment register corresponds to an object in the internetwork. The attachment registers are not located with their respective object. Information is stored in the attachment registers that establishes one or more logical links between the attachment registers. The information is used to perform one or more network communication functions, and in particular to determine a locator by identifying a logical path, along the logical links between attachment registers, from a destination attachment register corresponding to the destination object. Other non-limiting example functions include location registration and update, name to global locator resolution, routing, multi-homing, dynamic ISP selection, and handover.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method and an apparatus for automatic verification of a zone configuration of a plurality of network switches. In one method embodiment, the present invention accesses an actual network access control construct and an actual zone configuration for a plurality of network switching devices. Additionally, a machine-readable map of the network is accessed, the map providing a pre-determined network access control construct defining the device which should be coupled with the network switching device and a pre-determined zone configuration defining the switching devices which should be part of the zone. An automatic verification is performed, wherein the verification verifies that the actual network access control construct and the actual zone configuration of network switching devices correlates with the pre-determined network access control construct and zone configuration defined by the machine-readable map.

Abstract: Disclosed herewith is a multi-plane cell switch fabric system in which each switching unit functions asynchronously with others. The system executes distribution/restoration operations without lowering the switching capacity to reorder cells that arrive in random order from a plurality of switches just as they were in original flows and packets respectively with a small hardware capacity. In the system, the distribution unit divides each variable length packet addressed to the same destination into fixed length cells and sends those divided cells by a unit of integer multiple of the number of switches. On the other hand, the reordering unit, while holding cells that arrive in random order from each switching unit (switching units 1 to M) in a receive buffer, separates only the header information from each cell and holds the header information in a retry queue.

Abstract: A disclosed base station apparatus includes: a TTI-length determining unit which determines, based on downlink receive quality information transmitted from a mobile station, whether data is to be transmitted in a first TTI with, as a unit, a predetermined period no shorter than a subframe length, or in a second TTI with, as a unit, a period shorter than the first TTI; a number-of-subframes determining unit which determines a number of subframes making up the determined TTI; a reporting unit which reports the determined TTI and the number of subframes making up the determined TTI to the mobile station; and a scheduler which performs scheduling based on the determined TTI and the number of subframes making up the determined TTI.

Abstract: Systems and methods for handling a transition of a roaming mobile user device (i.e., a roaming client) from one access point (AP) to a target AP, referred to herein as soft inter-AP handoff. This technique involves a second mobile user device that is already connected with the target AP, called a roaming coordinator, assisting in handoff coordination between the APs. This coordination includes assisting the roaming client in establishing a client-to-client connection to relay data traffic during the handoff, while the roaming client establishes a connection with the target AP using traditional techniques. Soft inter-AP handoff allows a faster hand-off between APs than traditional techniques, and may reduce jitter in communications with the roaming device during the transition.