Particular Pumping Means Patents (Class 372/69)
  • Patent number: 5487080
    Abstract: The principle and some applications of multiphoton pumped upconverted lasers (MU-LASER) in complex molecules like said material is demonstrated. Weak linear absorption and strong multiphoton absorption and upconverted fluorescence of said material in the form of integrated waveguides is responsible for the MU-LASER action of upconverting narrow band infrared wavelength to visible spectrum of bandwidth.about.50 nm and peak at 570 nm. Applications in efficient upconversion of diode laser wavelengths, displays, and two types of surface-emitting MU-LASERs for high definition television (HDTV) are produced.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 11, 1993
    Date of Patent: January 23, 1996
    Assignee: University of New Mexico
    Inventor: Anadi Mukherjee
  • Patent number: 5487078
    Abstract: Apparatus and method for generating prompt X-radiation from gas clusters. The present invention includes the excitation of inner-shell electrons in the atoms comprising gas clusters using intense ultraviolet laser radiation, thereby producing intense, prompt X-ray emission from the ensemble. Clusters enable atomic excitation rates to achieve the high values characteristic of condensed matter while simultaneously eliminating, through local rapid expansion to low particle density, undesirable collisional interactions that would establish equilibrium conditions in the excited material, and effectively destroy the inner-shell specificity of the excitation. By choosing the atomic species in the cluster, the laser intensity and wavelength, and the cluster size, one can determine the wavelength of X-radiation emitted from the clusters. Moreover, by selecting the energy levels involved in the excitation process, one can produce a population inversion having significant gain and suitable for lasing.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 14, 1994
    Date of Patent: January 23, 1996
    Assignee: Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois
    Inventors: Charles K. Rhodes, Keith Boyer
  • Patent number: 5487079
    Abstract: An ultraviolet solid state laser includes: (a) a laser cavity defined by a et of opposing mirrors, (b) a laser medium disposed in this laser cavity, where this medium includes a LiSrAIF.sub.6 (LiSAF) host material doped with enough cerium ions to produce a longitudinal mode laser emission when this laser medium is pumped; and (c) a source of pumping radiation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 5, 1995
    Date of Patent: January 23, 1996
    Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy
    Inventors: Leon Esterowitz, Joseph F. Pinto
  • Patent number: 5485480
    Abstract: A fiber optical source of stimulated optical radiation comprises an optical fiber which includes a core doped with laser material having optical gain in two wavelength regions, the fiber additionally including a material in optical communication with said laser material in such a manner as to absorb radiation emitted from said laser material within one of said wavelength regions.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 25, 1994
    Date of Patent: January 16, 1996
    Inventor: Marcos Y. Kleinerman
  • Patent number: 5485482
    Abstract: An efficient, fundamental transverse mode selected, diode pumped, solid state laser is disclosed. The laser consists of a slab of laser gain material such as Nd:YLF. Cavity forming optics are positioned around the slab of laser gain material. A laser diode bar, collimated by a micro-lens is used for side pumping a constrained gain region in the slab of laser gain material, with the dimensions transverse to the direction of beam propagation of the constrained gain region being smaller in at least one axis than the transverse dimensions of the fundamental transverse mode volume in the laser gain material. The cavity forming optics and the side pumping of the constrained gain region act in conjunction such that the fundamental transverse mode is automatically selected in the solid state laser.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 8, 1993
    Date of Patent: January 16, 1996
    Inventors: Mark D. Selker, Robert S. Afzal
  • Patent number: 5478658
    Abstract: Optical microcavities are potentially useful as light emitters for, e.g., flat panel displays. Such microcavities comprise a layer structure, including two spaced apart reflectors that define the cavity, with a layer of organic (electroluminescent) material disposed between the reflectors. We have discovered that a microcavity can simultaneously emit radiation of two or more predetermined colors such that the emission has a desired apparent color, exemplarily white. Emission of two or more colors requires that the effective optical length of the cavity is selected such that the cavity is a multimode cavity, with the wavelengths of two or more of the standing wave modes that are supported by the cavity lying within the emission region of the electroluminescence spectrum of the active material.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 20, 1994
    Date of Patent: December 26, 1995
    Assignee: AT&T Corp.
    Inventors: Ananth Dodabalapur, Timothy M. Miller, Lewis J. Rothberg
  • Patent number: 5475698
    Abstract: By growing semi-insulating CaF.sub.2 films (296) on a silicon substrate (240), forming superlattice structures (260) made of CaF.sub.2 :Nd and other semiconductor layers (294) and by associating a co-dopant with Nd in the CaF.sub.2 films photoluminescence efficiency of CaF.sub.2 films is increased. This permits using electrons to produce photons and controlling optoelectronic devices using CaF.sub.2 films through voltage variation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 18, 1994
    Date of Patent: December 12, 1995
    Assignee: Texas Instruments Incorporated
    Inventor: Chih-chen Cho
  • Patent number: 5475702
    Abstract: A slab module for a face-pumped laser includes a box frame having top and bottom walls and opposite end walls defining a central slab chamber therein. The end walls have central access holes for receiving opposite ends of a laser slab positionable in the slab chamber. The frame also includes opposite side pockets which join with the slab chamber. The pockets are configured for receiving laser pumping modules for pumping the laser slab, with the modules including diode laser arrays in an exemplary embodiment.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 5, 1995
    Date of Patent: December 12, 1995
    Assignee: General Electric Company
    Inventors: John L. August, Jr., Mark J. Kukla, Josef R. Unternahrer
  • Patent number: 5473624
    Abstract: A laser system and processing method exploits the absorption contrast between the materials from which a link (12) and an underlying substrate (22) are made to effectively remove the link from the substrate. Laser output in a wavelength range of 1.2 to 3 .mu.m (30) optimizes the absorption contrast between many materials (e.g., metals, polysilicon, polycides, or disilicides) and integrated circuit substrates (e.g., silicon, gallium arsenide, or other semiconductors) and permits the use of laser output in a wider range of energy or power levels, pulse widths, and spot sizes without risking damage to the substrates or adjacent circuit structures. Existing link processing laser systems can be readily modified to operate in the 1.2 to 3 .mu.m range.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 22, 1994
    Date of Patent: December 5, 1995
    Assignee: Electro Scientific Industries, Inc.
    Inventor: Yunlong Sun
  • Patent number: 5473622
    Abstract: A master oscillator and power amplifier configuration for a high power cladding-pumped laser structure, and a method of making same, is disclosed. The laser structure comprises a single mode core having at least one oscillator defined therein, and a first and second cladding layer for waveguiding and radiation retention. The core is doped with refractive-index modifying dopants, in addition to ionized rare earth elements. The refractive-index modifying dopants facilitate writing one or more spaced pairs of index gratings in the core, each pair defining an oscillator. Oscillator cavity length is determined by the desired mode spacing and is less than one-half of the single mode core length. The index gratings are formed via a ultraviolet light-induced refractive index change in the core, which index change varies periodically along the core. The periodic variation is created by projecting an interference pattern on the core.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 29, 1994
    Date of Patent: December 5, 1995
    Assignee: AT&T Corp.
    Inventor: Stephen G. Grubb
  • Patent number: 5455837
    Abstract: A circuit is disclosed for controlling the output of a flashlamp used to excite a gain medium. The circuit functions to supply energy to the flashlamp for fixed time intervals to generate repetitive pulses having a uniform duration. The circuit includes a photodetector for generating an output signal which is proportional to the light generated by the flashlamp. During a first phase of the fixed interval, the circuit delivers a first voltage level to the flashlamp. At the end of the first phase, a comparison is made between the output of the flashlamp as measured by the photodetector and a target output level. The circuit also initiates a second, boost phase where the voltage supplied to the flashlamp is increased. The length of the boost phase is selected so that at the end of the fixed interval, the total light output generated by the flashlamp is substantially equal to the desired output level.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 22, 1994
    Date of Patent: October 3, 1995
    Assignee: Coherent, Inc.
    Inventors: Daniel K. Negus, Jim Chiu, Paul A. Cornelius
  • Patent number: 5452317
    Abstract: A metal vapor laser apparatus is provided with a buffer gas and a laser medium are enclosed in a tube and the gas is utilized as an excitation or ionization medium in the tube. The metal vapor laser apparatus comprises molecules consisting of a plurality of elements and mixed by at least 0.1% in the gas enclosed in the tube and a gas having a molecular weight lighter than that of neon mixed by at least 0.1% in the gas enclosed in the tube.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 22, 1994
    Date of Patent: September 19, 1995
    Assignee: Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Yoichiro Tabata, Kazuhiko Hara, Akihiko Iwata, Shigeo Ueguri, Hiroshi Masuda, Yoshibumi Minowa
  • Patent number: 5434880
    Abstract: A laser system comprises an optical head, a power supply and a computer for controlling the power supply. The optical head comprises a pair of mirrors and four pumping sections. Each pumping section comprises a pair of gas discharge lamps pumping an Nd:YAG laser element. The power supply provides the lamps with alternating current at 25 kHz so that the laser system produces a continuous, modulated or pulsed output light beam. The power supply comprises three boost converters connected in parallel for converting three phase mains supply to direct current and four DC-AC converters. Each DC-AC converter converts the DC output from the boost converters to an AC supply for the lamps of a respective one of the pumping sections.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 28, 1993
    Date of Patent: July 18, 1995
    Assignee: Lumonics Ltd.
    Inventors: Graham Burrows, David Gurwicz
  • Patent number: 5426656
    Abstract: The optical fiber is doped at the core thereof with Tm ions and Nd ions. When light at a wavelength in a 800-nm band for exciting the Nd ions, is incident upon the optical fiber through an incident portion thereof, the Nd ions emit light at a wavelength in the vicinity of 1,012 .mu.m. Through three excitations by absorption of light emitted from the Nd ions and/or energy transfer from the Nd ions, the Tm ions experience three excitation transitions and reach a third high energy level through first and second high energy levels. Thereafter, the Tm ions experience a radiative transition from the third high energy level, thereby to emit blue light at a wavelength of 480 nm.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 24, 1994
    Date of Patent: June 20, 1995
    Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Genji Tohmon, Jun Ohya, Hisanao Sato, Tomoaki Uno
  • Patent number: 5422900
    Abstract: An integrated laser module is formed with a laser having an input for receiving power and an output for emitting light being positioned so as to pass through a thermally conductive lower module body such that laser emitted light passes from the lower module body, and the lower housing acts as a heat sink. An HFI shielding substrate assembly is positioned in the lower module body adjacent to the laser with the laser input passing through the shielding substrate. A laser driver circuit is connected to the input of the laser, and an injection circuit is connected to the input to the laser and EMI shielded from the driver circuit. A top module body is fixed to the lower module body to form an EMI shield package around all of the components.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 28, 1994
    Date of Patent: June 6, 1995
    Assignee: Eastman Kodak Company
    Inventors: Samuel Reele, Alan L. Korus
  • Patent number: 5420875
    Abstract: A method of deflecting and steering laser beams of the kind that comprises generating two converging pumping beams defining between them a convergence angle .psi.. The two converging pumping beams are targeted on a predetermined intersection region of a third-order, non-linear polarization medium so as to intersect therein whereby each of said pumping beams is split in the said intersection region to form a plurality of scattered portions each of which interferes with the pumping beam from which it was formed to generate a light interference pattern, the light interference patterns thus generated from the two pumping beams causing self-generation of a common grating such that there emerge from said polarization medium two output beams each forming with a neighboring pumping beam a steering angle .THETA. which is controllable by variation of the magnitude of the wavenumber of at least one of the two pumping beams so as to form a wavenumber difference dk between the two pumping beams.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 6, 1993
    Date of Patent: May 30, 1995
    Assignee: The State of Israel, Atomic Energy Commission, Soreq Nuclear Research Center
    Inventor: Shmuel Sternklar
  • Patent number: 5420879
    Abstract: A solid state laser includes a diamond crystal as a medium of laser beam emission, which generates a laser beam having a wavelength of 225 to 300 nm through exciton light emission.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 15, 1993
    Date of Patent: May 30, 1995
    Assignee: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
    Inventors: Hiroshi Kawarada, Takahiro Imai, Yoshiki Nishibayashi, Naoji Fujimori
  • Patent number: 5418804
    Abstract: A controlled spectrum generation laser arrangement achieving greater uniformity in the optical power spectral distribution is realized by employing a matching plate that conforms the boundary interface of the active medium with the shape of the focal surface of the pump radiation. The matching plate ensures that for any portion of the active medium the pump radiation is focused at its boundary interface so as to achieve a uniform pump beam intensity.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 11, 1994
    Date of Patent: May 23, 1995
    Assignee: American Biogenetic Sciences, Inc.
    Inventors: Andrei G. Zhiglinsky, Alexander M. Izmailov
  • Patent number: 5418805
    Abstract: A polychromatic or white light laser arrangement for changing the dimensions of the pumped portions of the active medium is realized by employing an optical divider for dividing the pump radiation into at least two beamlets, and one or more lenses for focusing the pump radiation onto the active medium. In one preferred embodiment, the optical divider includes a system of mirrors and lenses, or an acousto-optic deflector.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 11, 1994
    Date of Patent: May 23, 1995
    Assignee: American Biogenetic Sciences, Inc.
    Inventors: Andrei G. Zhiglinsky, Alexander M. Izmailov
  • Patent number: 5418809
    Abstract: A modular slab assembly for a face-pumped laser includes a slab module having top and bottom reflector segments, with first and second inner end caps joined thereto. A plurality of alignment keys are disposed between the inner end caps and the reflector segments for maintaining alignment therebetween, with the inner end caps being removably fastened to the reflector segments. The inner end caps have central apertures for supporting a slab tube, with a laser slab being disposed through the tube and supported at its ends by outer end caps removably fixedly joined to respective ones of the inner end caps. A pair of removable lamp modules are disposed on opposite sides of the slab module and contain lamps for exciting the laser slab.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 31, 1994
    Date of Patent: May 23, 1995
    Assignee: General Electric Company
    Inventors: John L. August, Jr., Mark J. Kukla, Joseph P. Chernoch
  • Patent number: 5418803
    Abstract: A laser capable of generating polychromatic or whim light radiation is realized by employing a diffraction grating and reflecting element as the ends of a simple laser resonator cavity. The dispersive element either solely or in combination with an intracavity lens is arranged such that each wavelength component of the white light radiation is amplified by a different portion of the active medium. Forced oscillation or positive feedback for each wavelength component is achieved by operating the diffraction grating in an auto-collimation configuration.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 11, 1994
    Date of Patent: May 23, 1995
    Assignee: American Biogenetic Sciences, Inc.
    Inventors: Andrei G. Zhiglinsky, Alexander M. Izmailov
  • Patent number: 5414725
    Abstract: The present invention is directed to providing a passively mode-locked laser which can achieve higher-harmonic mode-locking to produce a pulse repetition rate comparable to that of known actively mode-locked lasers, without requiring the complex modulation schemes typically associated with active techniques. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are directed to a passively mode-locked laser wherein mode-locking is achieved by harmonic partitioning of the laser cavity. In accordance with the present invention, relatively high repetition rates can be achieved to provide ultra-short pulses without requiring the complex modulation schemes of active techniques, and without becoming susceptible to instabilities typically associated with passive techniques wherein high repetition rates are achieved using subcavities.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 3, 1993
    Date of Patent: May 9, 1995
    Assignees: IMRA America, Inc., The Regents of the University of Michigan
    Inventors: Martin E. Fermann, Donald J. Harter
  • Patent number: 5410559
    Abstract: A high power, highly efficient laser that produces a polarized, round diffraction limited gaussian beam is disclosed. A strong thermal lens laser crystal with controlled ellipticity, is mounted in a laserhead and pumped by a fiber-bundle-coupled diode source. The pump beam diameter in the crystal is greater than the crystal's TEMOO mode diameter. The laser operates well over a large range of pump powers. Its slope efficiency in the TEMOO mode is greater than 40%, with an overall efficiency greater than 25%. One of the lasing crystals used is Nd:YVO4. This material exhibits high gain and a short upper state lifetime. These properties make it attractive in designing a Q-switched laser, or one that is insensitive to optical feedback.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 4, 1994
    Date of Patent: April 25, 1995
    Assignee: Spectra-Physics Lasers, Inc.
    Inventors: William L. Nighan, Jr., Mark S. Keirstead
  • Patent number: 5406577
    Abstract: A solid state laser having an elliptical chamber 22, a solid state laser rod 10, a flashtube 12 for optically pumping the rod 10, external mirrors 24,26 providing an optical cavity, the flashlamp 12 being energized by a pulse generator 14 which generates electrical pulses across the flashlamp 12, is provided with cold burst pumping of the flashlamp 12 by a burst 120 of a predetermined number of pulses, e.g., 40 pulses, each having a predetermined pulse width, e.g., 650 msec, and the burst lasting a predetermined length of time, e.g., 200 msec, not to exceed 1/16 to 1/12 of the thermal time constant of the solid state laser rod 10. Cold burst pumping provides a substantially constant thermal rod profile which reduces divergence of the output beam 36 and increases beam brightness, thereby improving the productivity and precision of solid state lasers.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 23, 1994
    Date of Patent: April 11, 1995
    Assignee: United Technologies Corporation
    Inventor: Ronald Gagosz
  • Patent number: 5404364
    Abstract: A method of producing collimated x-radiation by suitably subjecting metallic ions in the presence of lower Z ions to a pulse of laser energy from a conventional laser. An improvement on said conventional laser in order to increase the reliability of production of said collimated x-radiation. An alternative improvement on said conventional laser for similar improvement of said collimated x-radiation. An example of the application of the use of said collimated x-radiation to the art of producing micro-circuitry.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 29, 1993
    Date of Patent: April 4, 1995
    Inventor: John G. Kepros
  • Patent number: 5402434
    Abstract: An Er:YVO.sub.4 laser oscillator has an excitation light source constituted by a laser diode and a medium constituted by an Er:YVO.sub.4 crystal in which Er.sup.3+ ions are activators and YVO.sub.4 is a host material. The oscillation light is perpendicular or parallel to c-axis of the crystal. The laser operates in target wavelengths on energy transitions of the Er.sup.3+ ions, the target wavelengths being 510 nm to 590 nm, 840 nm to 870 nm, 970 nm to 1020 nm, and 1450 nm to 1700 nm. The crystal is coated with a TiO.sub.2 --SiO.sub.2 system high reflection mirror coating and a fluoride megnesium-zeolite system antireflection coating corresponding to the target wavelengths and a fluoride megnesium-zeolite system antireflection coating corresponding to the wavelength of the laser diode. These coatings together with an output mirror constitute a resonator. For manufacturing the crystal, Er.sub.2 O.sub.3, Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, and V.sub.2 O.sub.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 6, 1993
    Date of Patent: March 28, 1995
    Assignee: NEC Corporation
    Inventors: Shoko Manako, Seiichi Saito, Yasuhiko Kuwano
  • Patent number: 5390211
    Abstract: A high powered OPO system which produces a substantially collimated, low divergence output beam is based on the use of an unstable resonator. An optical parametric gain medium, such as beta-barium borate (.beta.-BBO), lithium tri-borate (LBO), cesium borate (CBO), potasium tri-phosphate (KTP), or other similar materials is mounted within the unstable resonator with suitable tuning mechanisms. Optics are provided for supplying a pump beam through the optical parametric gain medium to induce gain. In a preferred system, the unstable resonator comprises a positive branch, confocal unstable resonator. Further the unstable resonator may be injection seeded for a narrow linewidth output.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 24, 1993
    Date of Patent: February 14, 1995
    Assignee: Spectra-Physics Lasers, Inc.
    Inventors: James B. Clark, Bertram C. Johnson
  • Patent number: 5388110
    Abstract: A light source for an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope ("IFOG") includes a thulium (Tm.sup.+++) doped optical fiber which exhibits superluminescence in a wavelength region substantially centered at about 1.8 microns.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 30, 1993
    Date of Patent: February 7, 1995
    Inventor: Elias Snitzer
  • Patent number: 5388119
    Abstract: In a laser light pump, a multiplicity of micromanipulators adjust the positions of a cylindrical lens and line of optical fiber ends relative to each other and relative to a light source composed of a line of laser diode facets. Each micromanipulator achieves extremely fine resolution by imposing a vernier or differential screw arrangement into a flexure ratio divider, and thereby multiplying its resolving capability. The vernier screw arrangement spreads two members of different stiffnesses, and the stiffer one of the members moves the lens or the line of fiber ends.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 17, 1994
    Date of Patent: February 7, 1995
    Assignee: Polaroid Corporation
    Inventors: David V. Cronin, Louis J. Brozyna
  • Patent number: 5386426
    Abstract: A spectral narrowing of the output bandwidth from a laser array is obtained by feeding back to the array a portion of its emitted light, while outputting the remainder of the light emitted from the array. An optical system to accomplish this preferably includes a pair of lenses, together with a diffraction grating that can be positioned either in-line with the laser array and lenses, or in a side-arm along with one of the lenses. The lenses can be set up so that light from each laser element is fed back either to itself, or to a symmetrically located element on the opposite side of the system axis. For a multi-lobe output from the laser array, one of the lobes is used for feedback and the others as outputs, resulting in a narrowing of the output angular divergence as well as of the output bandwidth.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 10, 1992
    Date of Patent: January 31, 1995
    Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company
    Inventor: Ronald R. Stephens
  • Patent number: 5384795
    Abstract: By growing semi-insulating CaF.sub.2 films (272) on a silicon substrate (240), forming superlattice structures (260) made of CaF.sub.2 :Nd and other semiconductor layers (294) and by associating a co-dopant with Nd in the CaF.sub.2 films photoluminescence efficiency of CaF.sub.2 films is increased. This permits using electrons to produce photons and controlling optoelectronic devices using CaF.sub.2 films through voltage variation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 30, 1992
    Date of Patent: January 24, 1995
    Assignee: Texas Instruments Incorporated
    Inventor: Chih-Chen Cho
  • Patent number: 5384794
    Abstract: An undulator providing an increased variable wavelength range of an radiation light. An electron beam, interacting with a microwave as a traveling wave, propagates in a sinuous curve in a waveguide. In the course of propagation, a radiation light is emitted in the direction of propagation of the electron beam. The wavelength .lambda. of the radiation light emitted may be changed greatly by varying the frequency of the microwave.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 19, 1993
    Date of Patent: January 24, 1995
    Assignee: Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventor: Masao Takanaka
  • Patent number: 5383197
    Abstract: An 850 nm laser and/or amplifier comprises a single mode fluoro-zirconate optical fibre (20) doped with Er.sup.3+. CW operation of the normally self-terminating lasing transition .sup.4 S.sub.3/2 to .sup.4 I.sub.13/2 is achieved by applying excitation energy at 801 nm which both maintains a population inversion between the lasing levels and also populates the upper lasing level by a two-stage process of excitation to the .sup.4 I.sub.9/12 level from the .sup.4 I.sub.15/2 ground state and then to .sup.2 H.sub.9/2 level by ESA.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 30, 1993
    Date of Patent: January 17, 1995
    Assignee: British Telecommunications public limited company
    Inventors: Colin A Millar, Michael H. Hunt, Michael C. Brierley
  • Patent number: 5381431
    Abstract: A Q-switched laser having a gain medium disposed within a first resonant cavity and a second resonant cavity, sharing a common mirror with the first cavity, whose optical length is adjustable such that the quality Q of the first resonant cavity is affected. One aspect of the invention is the selection of the cavity lengths and the reflectivities of the mirrors of the first and second cavity such that Q-switched pulses of less than 100-ps duration can be obtained. Another aspect of the invention is the ability to generate said pulses with peak powers in excess of 100 kW for applications in high-precision optical radar, nonlinear optics, micromachining, microsurgery, and other applications where short pulses with high peak powers are required.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 13, 1993
    Date of Patent: January 10, 1995
    Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    Inventor: John J. Zayhowski
  • Patent number: 5381433
    Abstract: A laser apparatus, system and method include a laser crystal formed of thulium-doped yttrium-lithium-fluoride, and a laser diode arranged in proximity to the laser crystal. The laser diode is capable of emitting a first laser light which is suitable for use as a pump beam for causing lasing to occur in the laser crystal. In response to the first laser light from the laser diode, the laser crystal emits a second laser light at a wavelength which is relatively highly-absorbed by organic tissue and/or water. The second laser light is therefore well-suited to medical applications, for example, and can be used to irradiate organic tissue for medical treatment.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 28, 1993
    Date of Patent: January 10, 1995
    Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy
    Inventors: Leon Esterowitz, Robert C. Stoneman
  • Patent number: 5381427
    Abstract: A diode-pumped solid state laser for single-mode operation contains a resonator with an input mirror and an output mirror between which an active laser medium, a polarizer and a birefringent crystal are disposed. The crystal is disposed with its optical axes in such a way that the latter form an angle of 45.degree. to the polarizing direction produced by the polarizer. The losses for the ordinary and extraordinary rays are adjusted to be substantially equal. A temperature control means is used to keep the temperature of the birefringent crystal at a constant value so that the refractive indices and the length of the crystal do not change.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 6, 1993
    Date of Patent: January 10, 1995
    Assignee: Adlas GmbH & Co. KG
    Inventors: Doerte Wedekind, Joerg Lawrenz-Stolz
  • Patent number: 5379311
    Abstract: A radiation wavelength conversion device is implemented in the form of a waveguide that includes a single crystal halide-based cladding layer, and a halide-based active layer. The active layer has a greater refractive index than the cladding layer, is approximately lattice matched with the cladding layer, and includes a dopant that causes it to respond to input radiation at one wavelength by emitting radiation at a different wavelength. The active layer can either form part of a laser resonator cavity, or can operate through spontaneous emission. It is preferably about 3.5-5 microns thick to induce single-mode propagation, and can be divided into separate waveguiding channels to limit beam fanning. The device is operable at room temperature, and can be fabricated using conventional microelectronics techniques.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 25, 1994
    Date of Patent: January 3, 1995
    Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company
    Inventors: Ross A. McFarlane, Mark Lui
  • Patent number: 5377210
    Abstract: A three-level atomic system in a resonance Raman configuration is provided, and self-pumped optical phase conjugation is performed in which the pumps are self-induced as standing waves in a Raman laser. Self-pumped reflectivities approaching five percent are obtained for input intensities of 20 watts per square cm. This low optical input intensity combined with predicted submicrosecond response times indicates that the resonant Raman interaction may provide the basis for a promising new class of non-linear optical materials.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 8, 1992
    Date of Patent: December 27, 1994
    Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force
    Inventors: Philip R. Hemmer, Jonathan S. Kane, John J. Donoghue
  • Patent number: 5375130
    Abstract: A free-electron laser system and optical polarization conversion are provided for producing azimuthal polarization and radial polarization laser beams. The free-electron laser system includes a helical wiggler for generating a transverse magnetic field around a beam axis. An electron beam is projected along the beam axis and interacts with the transverse magnetic field so as to induce spontaneous and stimulated emission of optical radiation. A resonator cavity is formed by a pair of mirrors in which the optical radiation oscillates therein. The laser system directly produces an azimuthal polarization laser beam as an output. The laser system may further be coupled to an optical polarization converter which includes a pair of optical half-wave plates having a forty-five degree (45.degree.) optical axis difference therebetween. The azimuthal polarization laser beam is transmitted through the optical polarization converter so as to generate a radial polarization output beam.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 13, 1993
    Date of Patent: December 20, 1994
    Assignee: TRW Inc.
    Inventor: Chun-Ching Shih
  • Patent number: 5373526
    Abstract: A diffraction limited working beam at a given frequency is amplified without degrading its diffraction limited quality by diverting a minor portion of the beam as a probe beam, and amplifying the remaining portion of the working beam with a high power pump beam at a different wavelength. The amplification takes place in a host medium that has a rare earth dopant with an energy transition from the pump beam's wavelength to the wavelength of the working beam. The resulting amplified working beam is non-diffraction limited. The probe beam is frequency modulated and coupled with the amplified working beam in a second host medium that also has a rare earth dopant. Energy is transferred from the amplified working beam to the modulated probe beam through a resonant energy transfer in the second host medium, producing an amplified output beam at the working beam frequency that retains the diffraction limited quality of the probe beam.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 12, 1992
    Date of Patent: December 13, 1994
    Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company
    Inventors: Juan F. Lam, Huan-Wun Yen, Joseph L. Pikulski
  • Patent number: 5373527
    Abstract: A laser generating apparatus provided with the following is disclosed. That is to say, a rod shaped laser medium for receiving excitation light irradiation and emitting laser light having a prespecified wavelength, a reflecting tube having a central axis and possessing a rotating surface and two end surfaces, wherein an inner surface is made a reflecting surface, and the rod shaped laser medium is stored therewithin, and a virtual light source formation mechanism for forming an excitation virtual light source which can be construed as a point light source or a line light source, in the vicinity of the central axis. By means of this, a virtual light source having an energy distribution concentrated in the central part is formed, and it is possible to increase excitation efficiency.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 16, 1993
    Date of Patent: December 13, 1994
    Assignee: Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Yoshito Taniu, Koichiro Wazumi, Akihiro Nishimi, Fumio Matsuzaka, Kenichi Ueda
  • Patent number: 5371754
    Abstract: The invention provides a laser gyro with a single transformer power supply. The power supply receives a single 15 volt DC supply that is converted to a 320 volt DC supply, a 280 volt DC supply and a 500 volt DC supply. The invention implements a Royer Oscillator by providing a transformer with four windings each center-tapped. Two control transistors control the output of the transformer. The invention also provides a high speed output controlled start-up to prevent meta-stability in the Royer Oscillator.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 26, 1993
    Date of Patent: December 6, 1994
    Assignee: Honeywell Inc.
    Inventors: Dale F. Berndt, Joseph E. Killpatrick
  • Patent number: 5369657
    Abstract: A silicon-based microlaser formed of rare-earth-doped CaF.sub.2 thin films has a semiconductor substrate material (240) and a CaF.sub.2 film layers (234) grown on semiconductor substrate material (240), The CaF.sub.2 film layer (234) is doped with a predetermined amount of rare-earth-dopant that is sufficient to cause a spectral emission from the CaF.sub.2 film layer (234) having a narrow linewidth when the CaF.sub.2 film layer (234) is optically or electrically pumped.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 15, 1992
    Date of Patent: November 29, 1994
    Assignee: Texas Instruments Incorporated
    Inventors: Chih-Chen Cho, Walter M. Duncan
  • Patent number: 5369661
    Abstract: Light beams output from active layer stripes of a semiconductor laser array are individually collimated in a GRIN lens array and are converged, in a aspheric lens, into a beam spot, to thereby end-pump a solid state laser with high efficiency.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 30, 1992
    Date of Patent: November 29, 1994
    Assignee: Nippon Steel Corporation
    Inventors: Satoshi Yamaguchi, Hirofumi Imai
  • Patent number: 5363387
    Abstract: A variable pulsewidth laser system is disclosed which employs an oscillating reflector to control the duration of laser pulses. In one embodiment, the oscillating mirror is swept (e.g., caused to swing back and forth) about an axis distinct from the optical axis, such that resonant conditions suitable for laser beam generation occur only at a particular location in the oscillating sweep path. By varying the scanning waveform, laser pulses of different durations can be generated.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 18, 1992
    Date of Patent: November 8, 1994
    Assignee: Rare Earth Medical, Inc.
    Inventor: Edward L. Sinofsky
  • Patent number: 5363385
    Abstract: A fiber-optic amplifier for use with optical communications systems includes a light waveguide piece for amplifying an optical input signal. A pump light source is coupled to the amplifying light waveguide piece and includes a semiconductor laser for generating pump light for the amplifying light waveguide piece. A control device regulates the wavelength of the pump light generated by the semiconductor laser to be within a desired wavelength range so that the pump light is maximally absorbed in the amplifying light waveguide piece.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 19, 1993
    Date of Patent: November 8, 1994
    Assignee: Alcatel N.V.
    Inventor: Rolf Heidemann
  • Patent number: 5361274
    Abstract: A microwave powered discharge device which utilizes a TM.sub.NMO cavity. A conductive body is positioned at a null in a discharge device which utilizes a TM.sub.210 cavity to reduce direct coupling from the microwave coupling means, e.g., slot of the cavity. A plurality of TM.sub.110 cavities are ganged together, and a single discharge tube extends through all of the cavities.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 12, 1992
    Date of Patent: November 1, 1994
    Assignee: Fusion Systems Corp.
    Inventors: James E. Simpson, Mohammed Kamarehi, Brian Turner, Michael G. Ury
  • Patent number: 5359615
    Abstract: A method for forming microilluminants, which comprises the steps of irradiating laser beam to microparticles doped with a laser pigment in a liquid medium, trapping the microparticles and causing these microparticles to emit light.According to this method, it is possible to form microilluminants, permitting application to new physical and chemical processes and to processing and modification of microparticles, and new developments such as optical STM.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 23, 1992
    Date of Patent: October 25, 1994
    Assignee: Research Development Corporation of Japan
    Inventors: Keiji Sasaki, Hiroaki Misawa, Ryo Fujisawa, Noboru Kitamura
  • Patent number: 5357532
    Abstract: To provide a wavelength tunable laser device having a wavelength variable range of a broad band, and capable of simply changing the output wavelength. Excitation means 1 excites a laser medium 2a in a main resonator 2. The main resonator 2 is provided with two resonator mirrors 2b and an optical input/output port 2c in addition to the laser medium 2a. By the excitation means 1 and the main resonator 2, laser oscillation can be produced. A sub-resonator 3 is provided with wavelength selection means 3a and optical feedback means 3b. And, the sub-resonater selects a desired wavelength of the laser beam outputted from said main resonator and returns the laser beam of the desired wavelength back to said laser medium. In a device comprising the excitation means 1, the main resonator 2 and the sub-resonator 3, an optical output port 4 is provided. Since this wavelength tunable laser device has no necessity of providing wavelength selection means within the main resonator, laser oscillation is easily produced.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 9, 1993
    Date of Patent: October 18, 1994
    Assignee: Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
    Inventors: Shinichiro Aoshima, Haruyasu Ito
  • Patent number: 5355387
    Abstract: An interface module (10) for transverse energy input to dye laser modules is provided particularly for the purpose of delivering enhancing transverse energy beams (36) in the form of illumination bar (54) to the lasing zone (18) of a dye laser device, in particular to a dye laser amplifier (12). The preferred interface module (10) includes an optical fiber array (30) having a plurality of optical fibers (38) arrayed in a co-planar fashion with their distal ends (44) receiving coherent laser energy from an enhancing laser source (46), and their proximal ends (4) delivered into a relay structure (3). The proximal ends (42) of the optical fibers (38) are arrayed so as to be coplanar and to be aimed generally at a common point. The transverse energy beam array (36) delivered from the optical fiber array (30) is acted upon by an optical element array (34) to produce an illumination bar (54) which has a cross section in the form of a elongated rectangle at the position of the lasing window (18).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 10, 1994
    Date of Patent: October 11, 1994
    Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of Energy
    Inventors: Ronald E. English, Jr., Steve A. Johnson