Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for amplitude shaping encoding, and specifically, for indicating boundaries in bitstreams encoded using amplitude shaping encoding. In some aspects, a transmitting device may insert, into an bitstream to indicate a boundary, a sequence of amplitude bits not associated with any patterns of bit values in a lookup table used for the encoding. In some other aspects, a transmitting device may monitor a length of the amplitude bits in a bitstream during the encoding and stop the encoding on information bits at an end of a current data unit responsive to the length reaching a threshold. In some other aspects, a transmitting device may monitor the length of the information bits and, for each data unit, determine whether a boundary is or would be reached.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include inductor arrays. In an embodiment, an inductor array comprises a first inductor with a first inductance. In an embodiment, the first inductor is switched at a first frequency. In an embodiment, the inductor array further comprises a second inductor with a second inductance that is different than the first inductance. In an embodiment, the second inductor is switched at a second frequency that is different than the first frequency.

Abstract: A method of, and apparatus for, demodulating a frequency-modulated signal.

Abstract: A processing system for processing signals from a plurality of transducers of an ultrasonic sensor in order to determine characteristic information relating to an object detected by the ultrasonic sensor is provided. The system comprises a coupling device for transforming the signals received from the transducers into pulses, and a pulse processing unit for determining the characteristic information based on the pulses delivered by the coupling device. The coupling device comprises: a thresholding unit for applying, for each signal received from a transducer, thresholding to a signal derived from the signal received from the transducer and extracting directional information contained in the phase of the derived signal; a transformation unit for transforming the derived signal into pulses containing the phase of the signal, using the information extracted by the thresholding unit.

Abstract: To provide improved phase noise tolerance and improved identification of certain fault types, a modulation/demodulation procedure is disclosed for 5G and 6G. The transmitter can modulate a message according to the amplitude and phase of the overall waveform to be emitted, modulated according to predetermined amplitude and phase levels of the modulation scheme. The receiver can then separate the received waveform into orthogonal I and Q branches and measure their branch amplitudes, as usual. The receiver can then convert the branch amplitude measurements back into the original amplitude-phase modulation parameters using formulas provided. The receiver can then demodulate the message by comparing the overall amplitude and phase of each message element to the predetermined amplitude and phase levels of the modulation scheme, which thereby provides substantially increased phase noise tolerance at high frequencies.

Abstract: An optical circuit for routing a signal includes a coupler and first and second waveguides. The coupler has an input for the signal and has first and second outputs. The first waveguide has a first optical connection to the first output, and the second waveguide has a second optical connection to the second output. Both waveguides have the same propagation length. The first and second waveguides include different widths at the respective optical connections to the respective outputs. This coupler can be used with another input couplers, two additional waveguides, and two 2×2 output couplers to provide a 90-degree hybrid for mixing signal light and local oscillator light in a coherent receiver or the like.

Abstract: A synchronization server creates an augmented radio listener experience by providing additional information, especially visual information, over a concurrent, parallel data connection to a user device during the radio broadcast. The additional information is synchronized to the radio broadcast item then playing, based on an event message received by the synchronization server from the radio station equipment. The synchronization server can implement real-time interactions between connected radio listeners and a disk jockey dashboard of the radio station. The synchronization server optionally can personalize advertisement content for transmission to user devices based on user profile information and audience criteria provided by the advertiser.

Abstract: Disclosed are a circuit and method for compensating frequency offset in wireless frequency shift keying communication, and belongs to the field of wireless communication technologies. The circuit includes an analog-to-digital converter, a first decimating module, a digital down-converter, a second decimating module, a frequency offset estimator, a frequency shift keying demodulator, a timing recovery module, a synchronization header detector, a frequency recovery module, a numerical-control oscillator, and a differential decoding and symbol decision module. A rough frequency offset estimation value is combined with a slicer error to generate a control signal related to frequency offset in a received signal, and the control signal is transmitted to the numerical-control oscillator to adaptively adjust a center frequency of an oscillated signal.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with different novel concepts for reducing latency in data transmission. These concepts may be exploited by a transceiver configured to perform wireless data communication with a third party device by aggregating time division duplex carriers having different temporal distribution of uplink times and downlink times. These concepts may further be exploited by an apparatus configured to perform data transmission or reception via allocations of transmission resources of aggregated carriers in units of transmission time intervals into which the aggregated carriers are subdivided, wherein the aggregated carriers are temporally subdivided into the transmission time intervals in a temporal grid, respectively, wherein the aggregated carriers' grids are temporally mutually offset.

Abstract: A system and a method for demodulating a frequency shift keying signal are provided. The system includes a power transmitter and a power receiver. The power transmitter generates a frequency shift keying signal including a power signal and a power modulation instruction message. The power receiver detects a non-modulation period of the power signal within a waiting time, and then modulates a frequency of the power signal according to the power modulation instruction message to generate a pulse width modulated signal. The power receiver then calculates a full period of the pulse width modulated signal and then subtracts the non-modulation period from the full period of the pulse width modulated signal to obtain an undemodulated signal.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic device to monitor a user's biological measurements, where a sensor is configured to acquire a raw signal from a user, and the electronic device determines a snoring signal from the raw signal by appropriately processing the raw signal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, apparatus, article of manufacture, method and/or computer program product embodiments for detecting the drift of the data valid window in a transaction. An embodiment operates by configuring a data capture range comprising data capture points, measuring values of a signal at the data capture points, and detecting the drift of the data valid window based on the values at the data capture points.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of improving the performance in bandwidth constrained communication systems while reducing the complexity of the equalizer used for information retrieval, as well as to improving the capacity of communication systems. These properties are achieved by appropriate information encoding, prior to signal shaping before transmission, whereas the equalizer complexity is reduced by applying the intersymbol interference shortening filter prior to the information retrieving equalization. A proper combination of the recounted elements is capable of providing a qualitatively improved and previously unsuspected performance, as compared to its constituent elements.

Abstract: A method, device and system for positioning user equipment (UE). The method is applied to a communications system including a location card, a signal transmitter and a reader. The location card and the signal transmitter are in a one-to-one correspondence, a distance between the location card and the signal transmitter corresponding to the location card is less than a preset value, and the method includes detecting, by the location card, an uplink signal sent by UE, and generating, by the location card, a first signal according to the uplink signal, and sending the first signal to the reader such that the reader determines a location of the UE according to the first signal and a location of the location card. The method not only simplifies a method for positioning UE in other approaches, but also improves accuracy of UE positioning.

Abstract: An optical circuit capable of operating as a 90° optical hybrid includes a phase-symmetric optical splitter and a 90° optical splitter, and two 2x2 optical couplers as optical combiners. The input ports of the optical combiners and the output ports of the optical splitters face a common area therebetween, with the optical splitters interposed between optical combiners as viewed along the circumference of the common area. The output ports of each optical splitter is connected to closest input ports of the optical combiners with optical waveguides of a same length. The length of the waveguides may be minimized when the optical couplers and the optical splitters are disposed in a cross-like configuration.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein include a receiver, a method, and a plurality of high-pass filters for demodulating a radio frequency (RF) signal. An example receiver includes a plurality of high-pass filters. The receiver includes a demodulator configured to demodulate an RF signal received at an input of the demodulator and configured to output a demodulated signal. The receiver also includes a plurality of high-pass filters connected to an output of the demodulator. The plurality of high-pass filters are configured to receive the demodulated signal and configured to high-pass filter the demodulated signal. The plurality of high-pass filters are configured to operate with a first set of filter responses during a first time period of the demodulated signal and configured to operate with a second set of filter responses during a second time period of the demodulated signal.

Abstract: The present invention is a computationally-efficient compensator for removing nonlinear distortion. The compensator operates in a digital post-compensation configuration for linearization of devices or systems such as analog-to-digital converters and RF receiver electronics. The compensator also operates in a digital pre-compensation configuration for linearization of devices or systems such as digital-to-analog converters, RF power amplifiers, and RF transmitter electronics. The compensator effectively removes nonlinear distortion in these systems in a computationally efficient hardware or software implementation by using one or more factored multi-rate Volterra filters. Volterra filters are efficiently factored into parallel FIR filters and only the filters with energy above a prescribed threshold are actually implemented, which significantly reduces the complexity while still providing accurate results.

Abstract: Embodiments may provide a way of communicating via an electromagnetic radiator, or light source, that can be amplitude modulated such as light emitting diode (LED) lighting and receivers or detectors that can determine data from light received from the amplitude modulated electromagnetic radiator. Some embodiments may provide a waveform in the form of chips at a chipping clock frequency that switch a light source between on and off states to communicate via light sources that can be amplitude modulated such as LED lighting. Some embodiments may provide a method of transmitting the waveform via modulated LED lighting. Some embodiments are intended for indoor navigation via photogrammetry (i.e., image processing) using self-identifying LED light anchors. In many embodiments, the data signal may be communicated via the light source at amplitude modulating frequencies such that the resulting flicker is not perceivable to the human eye.

Abstract: Frequency shifting a communications signal(s) in a multiple frequency (multi-frequency) distributed antenna system (DAS) to avoid or reduce frequency interference is disclosed. Related devices, methods, and DASs are disclosed. Non-limiting examples of frequency interference include frequency band interference and frequency channel interference. As a non-limiting example, frequency interference in a multi-frequency DAS may result from non-linearity of a signal processing component generating an out-of-band harmonic of a first, in-use communications signal in a first frequency band, within different frequency band(s) of other in-use communications signal(s). To avoid or reduce such interference, embodiments disclosed herein involve predicting frequency interference that may result from processing received, in-use communications signals in multiple frequency bands to be distributed in a multi-frequency DAS.

Abstract: A dynamic memory signal phase tracking method is provided. The method, applied to a memory controller that accesses a memory module, includes: issuing a memory access command and an access request to an arbiter to request for an access right of the memory module; when the access right is obtained, forwarding the memory access command to the memory module and asserting a flag signal; during a period of asserting the flag signal, sequentially using a plurality of candidate delay phases to adjust a memory signal for latching test data from the memory module, determining a delay phase according to latching results corresponding to the candidate delay phases, and recording the determined delay phases; updating an optimal delay phase according to the determined delay phase; and accessing the memory module according to the updated optimal delay phase.

Abstract: A wireless network receiver includes a detection module that uses preamble data in a data frame for signal processing functions and the detection module is configured to adjust the number of preamble data bits that are used based on the power of a received signal.

Abstract: A frequency-shift keying (FSK) receiver includes an injection-locking oscillating circuit to receive a FSK input signal, and a phase detecting circuit. The injection-locking oscillating circuit outputs a locked signal having a phase that tracks a phase of the FSK input signal. A difference between the phases of the FSK input signal and the locked signal is associated with a difference between a frequency of the FSK input signal and a free-running frequency of the injection-locking oscillating circuit. The phase detecting circuit receives the FSK input signal and the locked signal, and outputs a baseband logic signal according to the difference between the phases of the FSK input signal and the locked signal.

Abstract: A method for processing an electrical signal comprises receiving an electrical signal comprising a frequency modulated signal encoding digital data, sampling a first portion of the electrical signal to provide a first sample set, and determining an intermediate value from the first sample set. A first output value is selected from a plurality of stored output values based on the intermediate value, the output value indicating a frequency modulation encoded value within the first portion of the electrical signal. An indication of the obtained output value is output.

Abstract: A received plurality of signals may be filtered to select an in-band signal and/or an out-of-band. A signal strength of the selected signal(s) may be measured. A resolution of an analog-to-digital converter may be controlled based on the measured signal strength(s). The selected in-band signal may be converted to a digital representation via the analog-to-digital converter. The resolution may be decreased when the strength of the in-band signal is higher, and increased when the strength of the in-band signal is lower. The resolution may be increased when the strength of the out-of-band signal is higher, and decreased when the strength of the out-of-band signal is lower. A signal-to-noise ratio and/or dynamic range of the selected signal(s) may be determined based on the measured signal strength(s), and may be utilized to adjust the resolution of the analog-to-digital converter.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus receives an FSK signal, converts the FSK signal into a phasor including amplitude and phase, estimates and compensates for a CFO (carrier frequency offset) from the converted phasor, and recovers a data bit from the converted phasor.

Abstract: The present invention employs hierarchical modulation to simultaneously transmit information on different modulation layers using a carrier RF signal. Initially, first data to be transmitted is assigned to a first modulation layer and second data is assigned to a second modulation layer. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first and second data are assigned based on reliability criteria. The first and second modulation layers are hierarchical modulation layers of the carrier RF signal. Once assigned, the first data is transmitted using the first modulation layer of the carrier RF signal and the second data is transmitted using the second modulation layer of the carrier RF signal. In one embodiment of the present invention, information may be transmitted to one end user using one modulation layer, and information may be transmitted to a different end user using a different modulation layer.

Abstract: A Bluetooth receiver comprises a RF front end configured to receive a Bluetooth signal including a preamble and 34-bit pseudo-number (PN); a DC estimator communicatively coupled to the RF front end; and a frame synchronizer communicatively coupled to the DC estimator. The DC estimator is configured to perform DC offset estimation by determining an average value of samples of the preamble and the frame synchronizer is configured to use the 34-bit PN for frame synchronization.

Abstract: A circuit and a method for removing a frequency offset and a communication apparatus including the circuit, capable of removing the frequency offset by tracking rapidly and accurately in a payload section. A sequence of sample levels is obtained by sampling a frequency level of the baseband signal at every 0.5 symbol interval. Absolute values of differences between the frequency levels adjacent to each other at every 1 symbol are calculated as first difference absolute values. Absolute values of differences between the frequency levels adjacent to each other at every 1 symbol are calculated as second difference absolute values. When the first difference absolute values are greater than a predetermined first determination value or the second difference absolute values are less than a predetermined second determination value, the average value calculated is set as the frequency offset.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention relates to a communications system. The system includes a Highway-Addressable Remote Transducer (HART) transmitter comprising a direct memory access (DMA) module configured to access at least one transmitter lookup table (LUT) using DMA transfers to modulate a HART data packet into a frequency-shift keying (FSK) data signal. The system also includes a HART receiver configured to demodulate a received FSK data signal into a demodulated HART data packet.

Abstract: In an FSK receiver according to the present invention, a correction operation for a DC offset component is performed based on a maximum value and a minimum value of a demodulation signal. If a difference between the maximum and minimum values is less than a predetermined threshold value TH1, the correction operation is halted. Thus, the FSK receiver can rapidly perform an appropriate offset removal from a multi-level FSK signal.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for wireless local area network (WLAN) phase shifter training are presented. Aspect of the system may enable a receiving station, at which is located a plurality of receiving antennas, to estimate the relative phase at which each of the receiving antennas receives signals from a transmitting station. This process may be referred to as phase shifter training. After determining the relative phase for each of the receiving antennas, the receiving station may process received signals by phase shifting the signals received via each of the receiving antennas in accordance with the relative phase shifts determined during the phase shifter training process. Signals received via a selected one of the receiving antennas may be unshifted. The processed signals may be combined to generate a diversity reception signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are described for envelope detection used in fields including voice processing, image processing, data communication, and energy/data transmission. The apparatus and the method for envelope detection eliminate a carrier component from a modulated signal by performing a square-sum operation between two adjacent sampling signals among signals sampled from the modulated signal. The apparatus and the method detect an envelope of the modulated signal from the modulated signal in which the carrier component is eliminated.

Abstract: Low noise mixers for use in RFID readers and RFID readers configured to receive data from ISO HDX transponders in accordance with embodiments of the invention are illustrated. One embodiment of the invention receives the HDX FSK signal using a resonant antenna, upwardly mixes the FSK signal to an intermediate frequency, filters the intermediate frequency FSK signal using at least one ceramic bandpass filter, and demodulates the filtered intermediate frequency FSK signal to produce a binary output.

Abstract: The receiver (1) picks up low rate FSK radio frequency signals. This receiver includes an antenna (2) for receiving FSK radio frequency signals, a low noise amplifier (3) connected to the antenna, a local oscillator (7) for supplying oscillating signals (LO), a phase shift circuit (16) for performing a 0° to 90° phase shift, and vice versa, in the oscillating signals (LO) or the incoming FSK radio frequency signals in each semi-period of a phase switching cycle (1/fs). The phase shift circuit alternately and successively generates in-phase and quadrature oscillating signals, or in-phase and quadrature incoming FSK radio frequency signals. The receiver includes a single mixer (4) for mixing the oscillating signals successively with the incoming FSK radio frequency signals, so as to generate alternately intermediate in-phase and quadrature baseband signals (INT) as a function of the phase shift circuit.

Abstract: Provided is a frequency offset estimation apparatus that appropriately estimates and compensates for a frequency offset of a received signal when estimating the frequency offset which is the difference between a carrier frequency of the received signal and the frequency of an output signal of a local oscillator.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an active antenna array for a mobile communications network. The active antenna comprises a base band unit coupled to a base station, a plurality of transceiver units and at least one link. The plurality of transceiver units is terminated by at least one antenna element. The at least one link couples individual ones of the plurality of transceiver units to the base band unit 10. The at least one link is a digital link and is adapted to relay an individual transmit signal concurrently and in synchronisation with a transmit clock signal. The present disclosure further teaches a method for relaying radio signals in a mobile communications network. The present disclosure further relates to a computer program enabling a computer to manufacture the active antenna array of the present disclosure and to execute the method of relaying radio signal in a mobile communications system.

Abstract: The high sensitivity FSK radiofrequency signal receiver includes an antenna for receiving FSK radiofrequency signals, a LNA amplifier receiving signals picked up by the antenna, a local oscillator for supplying oscillating signals, a mixer for mixing the incoming signals with the oscillating signals to produce intermediate signals. The receiver includes a broadband or poly-phase filter for filtering the intermediate signals, and a sampler for supplying sampled intermediate signals to a high sensitivity demodulation stage, which supplies data signals. The receiver includes a processing circuit for performing a discrete Fourier transform of sampled intermediate signals. The selector at the processing circuit output determines the difference between the signal amplitude peak frequency above a determined threshold and the expected frequency of the intermediate signals.

Abstract: The receiver (1) for FSK modulation signals includes an antenna (2) for receiving modulated data or control signals, a low noise amplifier (3) for amplifying and filtering the signals picked up by the antenna, a local oscillator (6) with a quartz resonator (7) for supplying high frequency, in-phase signals (SI), and high frequency, in-quadrature signals (SQ), first and second mixers (4, 5) for mixing the high frequency, in-phase and in-quadrature signals with the filtered and amplified incoming signals, in order to generate intermediate signals (Im, Qm), and a filtering unit (12) for filtering the intermediate signals. The receiver can be configured to receive modulated data or control signals at low rate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for demodulation of FSK signals are provided. Digital pulses of the FSK signals can be processed to detect digital data contained in the FSK frequencies by converting the FSK frequencies from a frequency signal to a digital logic signal and vice versa.

Abstract: A system for processing signal communications between a frequency translation module and an integrated receiver decoder. According to an exemplary embodiment, the decoder and the frequency translation module comprise a signal processing apparatus comprising an input for receiving an frequency shift keyed modulated signal, an amplifier having negative feedback coupled to said input, wherein said input is further coupled to a first source of reference potential and a second source of reference potential; and a tank circuit coupled between said differential amplifier and an output.

Abstract: Provided is a communication system that includes setting a detection threshold according to a distribution of at least one logic value of a transmission signal corresponding to an on-off keying (OOK) scheme or a frequency shift keying (FSK) scheme, and determining a type of noise source influencing a reception signal using the detection threshold and the distribution of at least one logic value.

Abstract: A communication apparatus for a continuous phase modulation signal. The communication apparatus includes a first processing unit configured to generate first information of the continuous phase modulation signal using first symbol data; a symbol converting unit configured to convert the first symbol data into second symbol data or convert the second symbol data into the first symbol data; a symbol storage unit configured to store the second symbol data; a second processing unit configured to second information of the continuous phase modulation signal using the second symbol data stored in the symbol storage unit; a third processing unit configured to generate third information of the continuous phase modulation signal using a modulo operation of an integer related to a modulation index; and an output unit configured to add an output from the third processing unit and an output from the first processing unit and generate the continuous phase modulation signal.

Abstract: A symbol error detector can be configured to detect symbol errors of GFSK modulated portions of a Bluetooth packet without relying solely on a CRC error detection mechanism. The symbol error detector can operate on frequency error signals that are a difference between a frequency associated with a current symbol and predetermined frequency outputs from a bank of filters matched to a frequency response of the Bluetooth receiver for predefined combinations of three consecutive symbols (i.e., an estimated previously decoded symbol, an estimated current symbol, and an estimated subsequent symbol). The frequency error signals can be compared against a threshold and against each other to determine a potential unreliability in decoding the current symbol and to determine whether to generate a symbol error notification. The frequency error signals being within a threshold of each other can indicate potential unreliability in decoding the current symbol.

Abstract: A method for encoder frequency-shift compensation includes determining frequency values of an input encoder signal, determining repeatable frequency-shifts of the frequency values and generating a frequency-shift compensated clock using the repeatable frequency-shifts. A frequency-shift compensated clock includes a synthesizer configured to generate a frequency-shift compensated clock signal using repeatable frequency shifts and encoder clock signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for decoding binary frequency shift key signals in which an exclusive-OR of the sign of a real waveform with a sign of the imaginary waveform at a time shortly after the real (or, alternatively, the imaginary) waveform crosses zero is used to determine a bit represented by the signal. In some embodiments, particularly those in which the bit period is about one-half of the carrier signal frequency, both the real and imaginary waveforms are monitored to detect the zero crossing in order to account for the situation in which data transitions prevent zero-crossings on one of the waveforms.

Abstract: A receiving circuit, a transmitting circuit, a micro-controller, and a method for power line carrier communication. The receiving circuit includes: an analog amplifier, a receiving filter, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital mixer, a digital filter, and a digital demodulator connected successively. The transmitting circuit includes: a digital modulator, a gain controller, a digital-to-analog converter, a transmitting filter, and a transmitting amplifier connected successively. The micro-controller includes a central processor and the receiving circuit or the transmitting circuit. The method for power line carrier communication can be implemented based on the receiving circuit or the micro-controller.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for adaptive clock reconstruction and decoding in audio frequency. The method includes the steps of: receiving a modulated signal, wherein the modulated signal is modulated by RC-FSK (Return to Carrier Frequency Shifting Keying); performing a spectrum analysis to the modulated signal to obtain a plurality of frequency envelopes; storing the frequency envelopes; searching the peak values of the frequency envelopes and the time points corresponding to the peak values to modify an estimated period; and generating a clock period for the RC-FSK demodulation and a clock phase for the RC-FSK demodulation according to the estimated period.

Abstract: A mobile electronic device that includes a circuitry configured to acquire synchronization with a spreading code of an intermediate frequency signal that is obtained by converting a frequency of a received signal from a satellite in a global positioning system into a predetermined intermediate frequency, demodulate a message included in the intermediate frequency signal, output a primary signal to a predetermined signal line, and attach a predetermined header to a secondary signal and output the result to the predetermined signal line, and includes a display unit configured to display data corresponding to the primary signal and the secondary signal, such that the primary signal includes results of measuring one of position, velocity, and time of the mobile electronic device based on the message that is demodulated by the circuitry, and that the secondary signal includes the intermediate frequency signal.

Abstract: The data processing unit (15) for a receiver of signals carrying information (1) includes a clock and data recovery circuit (16) on the basis of a data signal (DOUT), and a processor circuit (17) connected to the clock and data recovery circuit. The clock and data recovery circuit is clocked by a local clock signal (CLK) and includes a numerical phase lock loop, in which a numerically controlled oscillator (25) is arranged. This numerically controlled oscillator generates an in-phase pulse signal (IP) and a quadrature pulse signal (QP) at output. The frequency and phase of the pulse signals IP and QP are adapted on the basis of the received data signal (DOUT). The processor circuit is arranged to calculate over time the mean and variance of the numerical input signal (NCOIN) of the numerically controlled oscillator (25), so as to determine the coherence of the data signal if the calculated mean and variance are below a predefined coherence threshold.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus receives an FSK signal, converts the FSK signal into a phasor including amplitude and phase, estimates and compensates for a CFO (carrier frequency offset) from the converted phasor, and recovers a data bit from the converted phasor.