Abstract: The present disclosure teaches an active antenna array for a mobile communications network. The active antenna array comprises a base band unit, a plurality of transceiver units terminated by at least one antenna element; and at least one link. The link couples the individual ones of the plurality of transceiver units to the base band unit. The link is a digital link and is adapted to relay a payload signal at a selectable payload rate. The digital link is further adapted to relay a timing signal at a fixed timing rate, when the timing signal is embedded in the payload at a selectable payload rate. The present disclosure further teaches a method for relaying radio signals and a computer program for manufacturing the active antenna array and for executing the method.

Abstract: Improvements are disclosed for in-band signaling, i.e., transmission of data in a voice channel of a digital wireless network during a voice call session. A family of narrow-band signaling methods, some employing tapered waveforms, is disclosed to successfully pass data-carrying signals through the low-bit rate modes of the EVRC-B vocoder commonly used in CDMA wireless channels. These features can be used in cell phones or other wireless communication devices, including automotive applications.

Abstract: This disclosure relates systems and methods for a high bandwidth modulation and transmission of communication signals.

Abstract: A radio transmitter is provided at least comprising a signal generator for generating a continuous signal and an antenna for outputting a transmission signal, wherein at least one output of the signal generator is connected with at least one input of the antenna. Herein, the signal generator is connected with the antenna via an interrupt unit connected between the two for selectively interrupting and maintaining a signal connection between the signal generator and the antenna.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a receiving device, including a receiving section configured to receive only a partial segment among a plurality of segments obtained by dividing a frequency band of one physical channel when the receiving device is in a waiting state, and return from the waiting state to an activated state when warning information is transmitted, if transmission of the warning information by the partial segment is possible.

Abstract: An FSK demodulator and a method for detecting an inflection point extract a greater amount of effective inflection points of a frequency detection signal while reducing erroneous detection of the inflection points. The inflection point detector includes an inflection point extraction part to extract the inflection point corresponding to variation of a sample value of an amplitude value of the frequency detection signal, an amplitude determination part to determine if a size between peak values of sample values in front and rear of the inflection point exists in a first predetermined range, a preamble determination part to determine if a difference between initial and final sample values of at least one of a symbol having the extracted inflection point and a right before symbol exists in a second predetermined range, and an AND operation part to determine a normal inflection point.

Abstract: Hardware and processes are provided for efficient interpretation of multi-value signals. The multi-value signals have a first voltage range with is used to indicate multiple numerical or logical values, and a second voltage range that is used to provide control functions. In one example, the multi-value circuitry is arranged as a set of rows and columns, which may be cascaded together. The control function can be implemented to cause portions of rows, columns, or cascaded connections to be powered off, thereby saving power and enabling more efficient operation.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for providing bandwidth adjustment. The disclosed systems and methods may include receiving an input signal having at least one attribute and an input bandwidth. Furthermore, the disclosed systems and methods may include producing a first adjusted signal. The first adjusted signal may comprise the input signal with a first adjusted bandwidth. The first adjusted bandwidth may comprise the input bandwidth adjusted based on the at least one attribute and at least one first preference. In addition, the disclosed systems and methods may include providing the first adjusted signal to a first end use device.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a data encoding scheme may include an encoder. The encoder may be configured to determine, for a digital input value comprising a particular number of bits, whether more than half of the bits of the digital input value have a high value. The encoder may be further configured to encode the digital input value by inverting each of the bits of the digital input value in response to a determination that more than half of the bits of the digital input value have the high value. Corresponding method and computer program product, and a decoder and decoding method are also provided.

Abstract: A receiver front end receives a local frequency reference signal and a Frequency Shift Keying modulated signal comprising a synchronisation sequence, and downconverts the Frequency Shift Keying modulated signal to provide baseband in-phase and quadrature signals. A pulse generator receives the in-phase and quadrature signals, generates an in-phase pulse signal ILEAD comprising pulses aligned with edges of the baseband in-phase and quadrature signals when the baseband in-phase signal leads the baseband quadrature signal, and generates a quadrature pulse signal QLEAD comprising pulses aligned with edges of the baseband quadrature and in-phase signals when the baseband quadrature signal leads the baseband in-phase signal. A frequency corrector receives the in-phase and quadrature pulse signals during receipt of the synchronisation sequence, compares the pulse signals to a target, and generates a control signal for controlling the local signal generator in dependence upon the result of the comparison.

Abstract: Methods for calculating a delay spread estimate in an OFDM-receiver are described, along with computer program products and electronic apparatuses for performing the methods. The methods comprise determining a position of an FFT-window in relation to one or more OFDM-symbols of a received OFDM-signal and using the determined position to obtain a first OFDM-symbol from the received OFDM-signal. An FFT is applied to the first OFDM-symbol to produce an FFT-output signal. A frequency dependent phase rotation component of the FFT-output signal is determined and removed from the FFT-output signal. A number of zero-crossings of at least one of a real component and an imaginary component of a transfer function of a channel, over which the received OFDM-signal has been transmitted, derived from the FFT-output signal where the frequency dependent phase rotation component has been removed is determined, and a delay spread estimate is calculated based on the determined number of zero-crossings.

Abstract: An automatic zero-crossing signal demodulation and classification device for rapidly identifying unknown modulation in a signal identifies unknown modulation in a signal, demodulates differential phase shift keying signals and automatically recognizes certain phase shift keying signals. This is accomplished by eliminating unknown term fc in differential phase estimation, introducing a symbol rate tracking mechanism, applying hysteresis nonlinearity to eliminate phase shaping effect and using weighted average to estimate phase difference. Better estimates are accomplished by using hysteretic nonlinear function to detect zero-crossing points in eliminating false detecting of zero-crossing points caused by additive noise, and calculating differential phase without directly using center frequency to simplify estimation process.

Abstract: A symbol error detector can be configured to detect symbol errors of GFSK modulated portions of a Bluetooth packet without relying solely on a CRC error detection mechanism. The symbol error detector can operate on frequency error signals that are a difference between a frequency associated with a current symbol and predetermined frequency outputs from a bank of filters matched to a frequency response of the Bluetooth receiver for predefined combinations of three consecutive symbols (i.e., an estimated previously decoded symbol, an estimated current symbol, and an estimated subsequent symbol). The frequency error signals can be compared against a threshold and against each other to determine a potential unreliability in decoding the current symbol and to determine whether to generate a symbol error notification. The frequency error signals being within a threshold of each other can indicate potential unreliability in decoding the current symbol.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for wireless local area network (WLAN) phase shifter training are presented. Aspect of the system may enable a receiving station, at which is located a plurality of receiving antennas, to estimate the relative phase at which each of the receiving antennas receives signals from a transmitting station. This process may be referred to as phase shifter training. After determining the relative phase for each of the receiving antennas, the receiving station may process received signals by phase shifting the signals received via each of the receiving antennas in accordance with the relative phase shifts determined during the phase shifter training process. Signals received via a selected one of the receiving antennas may be unshifted. The processed signals may be combined to generate a diversity reception signal.

Abstract: A method of estimating log-likelihood ratios for first and second streams of samples of a received S-FSK signal demodulated using first and second carriers includes estimating channel and noise parameters associated with first and second transmitted values for the first and second streams of samples obtained from the received S-FSK modulated signal. Current signal-to-noise ratios are estimated for current samples of the first and second streams of samples obtained from the received S-FSK modulated signal using the channel and noise parameters. The estimated current signal-to-noise ratios are compared with values of a discrete ordered set and respective pairs of consecutive values of the discrete ordered set between which the estimated current signal-to-noise ratios are comprised are identified. Log-likelihood ratios are estimated for the current samples of the first and second streams.

Abstract: A communications adaptor comprises a receiver circuit, which can comprise a signal input configured to receive a frequency shift keyed (FSK) signal; a delay circuit in communication with the signal input and including a delayed signal output; a multiplier circuit in communication with the signal input and the delayed signal output, and the multiplier circuit can be configured to produce a serial bit steam from at least the signal input and the delayed signal output, the serial bit stream corresponds to one or more bits encoded with frequency shift keying in the FSK signal; and a signal output configured to output the serial bit stream. The communications adaptor also can comprise a transmitter circuit and a processor in communication with the receiver circuit and the transmitter circuit.

Abstract: A communication device includes: demodulating means for demodulating a transmission signal from another communication device that performs noncontact communication; calculating means for performing at least one of addition and subtraction of a predetermined voltage according to a logical value of a demodulated signal obtained by demodulation by the demodulating means; determining means for determining a communication system of the transmission signal transmitted by the other communication device by comparing a calculation result of the calculating means at predetermined timing after a lapse of a predetermined time from the start of communication with a threshold voltage; and transmitting means for transmitting predetermined data to the other communication device in the communication system determined by the determining means among plural communication systems that the device itself can support.

Abstract: A receiver having an intermediate frequency error correction circuit includes a mixer having a source input, a local oscillator input, and an IF output, an adjustable frequency local oscillator having an output coupled to the local oscillator input of the mixer, an IF filter having an input coupled to the IF output of the mixer and an IF filtered output, where the IF filter has an IF filter frequency response, and control circuitry coupled to the local oscillator such that the frequency of the local oscillator can be varied to at least: partially correct an IF frequency error.

Abstract: An orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) demodulation device for demodulating an OFDM signal is disclosed. The device includes a means that demodulates the OFDM signal to produce a baseband OFDM signal. The device also includes a means that detects a carrier frequency offset amount that is a shift amount of a center frequency of the baseband OFDM signal, based on correlation of subcarriers to which a predetermined signal is inserted. Additionally, the device includes a means that controls a frequency of the carrier signal depending on the carrier frequency offset amount. The means that detects the carrier frequency offset amount divides subcarriers into a plurality of groups, calculates a correlation value with respect to an adjacent transmission symbol for each of the groups, adds the correlation values to each other for all the groups, and defines an offset amount assumed when a maximum addition-result value is obtained as the carrier frequency offset amount.

Abstract: Provided is a frequency offset estimation apparatus that appropriately estimates and compensates for a frequency offset of a received signal when estimating the frequency offset which is the difference between a carrier frequency of the received signal and the frequency of an output signal of a local oscillator.

Abstract: A symbol error detector can be configured to detect symbol errors of GFSK modulated portions of a Bluetooth packet without relying solely on a CRC error detection mechanism. The symbol error detector can operate on frequency error signals that are a difference between a frequency associated with a current symbol and predetermined frequency outputs from a bank of filters matched to a frequency response of the Bluetooth receiver for predefined combinations of three consecutive symbols (i.e., an estimated previously decoded symbol, an estimated current symbol, and an estimated subsequent symbol). The frequency error signals can be compared against a threshold and against each other to determine a potential unreliability in decoding the current symbol and to determine whether to generate a symbol error notification. The frequency error signals being within a threshold of each other can indicate potential unreliability in decoding the current symbol.

Abstract: The embodiments disclose a method for encoder frequency-shift compensation, including, determining frequency values of an input encoder signal, analyzing an encoder index clock signal and the input encoder signal to determine values of frequency-shifts and compensating for the values of the frequency-shifts to generate a frequency-shift compensated clock.

Abstract: A method of generating a packet for low energy critical infrastructure monitoring (LECIM) wireless communication is provided. The method includes steps of generating a first bit string by multiplexing a physical layer header (PHR) bit and a physical layer service data unit (PSDU) bit; convolution encoding the first bit string; interleaving the convolution-encoded first bit string; generating a second bit string by multiplexing the interleaved first bit string with a synchronization header (SHR) bit; and modulating the second bit string with a frequency shift keying (FSK) method and a position-based FSK method.

Abstract: A single-phase down-converter includes a mixer and a local oscillator (LO) signal generator. The mixer is arranged to generate a mixer output signal by mixing a radio frequency (RF) signal and an LO signal. The LO signal generator is coupled to the mixer, and arranged to generate the LO signal with a frequency shifted from an RF carrier frequency by a specific intermediate frequency, wherein when image interference exists, the specific intermediate frequency makes the image interference translated to guard band(s) of channel(s).

Abstract: A frame sync detecting circuit and FSK receiver sequentially derive a moving average value (?) from oversample values of a received word pattern, for given symbol periods, and a difference between the moving average value and an average value for the given symbol periods in a given sync word pattern is determined as DC offsets ?f. Subsequently, the DC offset ?f is subtracted from the received word pattern, and correlation processing with respect to the sync word pattern is performed to determine a correlation value (?). If the correlation value exceeds a predetermined threshold, it is determined that a sync word candidate has been received, and symbol values of the received word pattern after the DC offset correction are compared with respective symbol values of the sync word pattern. A sync word pattern detection is determined if errors in the symbols are within a given range.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a circuit provides two quadrature components, I and Q, from a received modulated signal, from three mutually phase-shifted components of the received signal. The circuit can demodulate three mutually phase-shifted components of a baseband signal, in order to provide two quadrature demodulation components. The circuit includes three circuit inputs, each designed to received said three components, respectively. The circuit further includes a first and second adder circuit. The circuit also includes a bank of weighting circuits linked, at input, to the three circuit inputs and linked, at output, to the inputs of the first and second adder circuits so as to transmit to each adder input, with a determined weighting, a particular one of said three components, the weightings being chosen so that the first and second adder circuits provide said two quadrature demodulation components.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for demodulation are provided. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving an input signal having a frequency that varies in relation to a state of the signal, calculating a sine and cosine of a phase control signal, generating a first signal proportional to the sine of a product of a first quantity and the frequency of the input signal, generating a second signal proportional to the cosine of a product of the first quantity and the frequency of the input signal, and summing a product of the first signal and the cosine of the phase control signal with a product of the second signal and the sine of the phase control signal to generate a demodulator output for resolving the state of the input signal. In certain implementations, the phase control signal is controlled so as to reduce a frequency error of the input signal.

Abstract: A method for improving RFID readers includes transmitting an outgoing RF signal to an antenna through a directional device, and generating a demodulated vector signal from an RF signal related to the RF signal received from the receiver. The method also includes setting the impedance of a controllable-variable-reflectance element with control-parameters from a memory circuit. The memory circuit includes a look up table having therein a corresponding relationship between the control-parameters and an error vector related to the demodulated vector signal.

Abstract: A communications system, such as part of a real-time location system, includes a transmitter that can be part of a location processor, tag emission reader or tag interrogator that generates a frequency shift key (FSK) modulated wireless communication signal representative of digital data and transmits the communications signal over a wireless communications channel. A receiver such as incorporated within a tag transceiver used in the real-time location system receives the FSK modulated communication signal. The receiver includes a circuit for calculating the magnitude of low and high tones of the FSK modulated communication signal and a threshold for amplitude shift keyed (ASK) channel data and FSK channel data to derive the digital data even in the presence of on-tone jammers in the communications channel.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for providing bandwidth adjustment. The disclosed systems and methods may include receiving an input signal having at least one attribute and an input bandwidth. Furthermore, the disclosed systems and methods may include producing a first adjusted signal. The first adjusted signal may comprise the input signal with a first adjusted bandwidth. The first adjusted bandwidth may comprise the input bandwidth adjusted based on the at least one attribute and at least one first preference. In addition, the disclosed systems and methods may include providing the first adjusted signal to a first end use device.

Abstract: A receiver capable of decoding a symbol based on information on a previous symbol, the symbol and a next symbol in a Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK) communication system is provided.

Abstract: This disclosure relates systems and methods for a high bandwidth modulation and transmission of communication signals.

Abstract: Integrated low-IF (low intermediate frequency) data receivers and associated methods are disclosed that provide advantageous and cost-efficient solutions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an effective apparatus and method to measure the received signal quality for a GFSK modulated signal with (or without) an unknown modulation index. The signal quality measurements are based on the decoded (unknown or known) bits and the trellis of the frequency discriminator output. This trellis is pre-calibrated with a reference Rx. The transmitted modulation index is also accurately estimated in this invention.

Abstract: Hardware and processes are provided for efficient interpretation of multi-value signals. The multi-value signals have a first voltage range with is used to indicate multiple numerical or logical values, and a second voltage range that is used to provide control functions. In one example, the multi-value circuitry is arranged as a set of rows and columns, which may be cascaded together. The control function can be implemented to cause portions of rows, columns, or cascaded connections to be powered off, thereby saving power and enabling more efficient operation.

Abstract: An FSK signal modulator is provided in a transmitter which receives desired information to be transmitted on its input and which modulates the information to be transmitted to transmit a binary FSK signal. A counter counts a value of addition with the value of addition modified in accordance with a predetermined rule, depending on the value specified by the information to be transmitted, and for holding the counted value . The count value is determined by a threshold value decision circuit with respect to a threshold value. The result from the decision is output in the form of binary FSK signal. An FSK signal modulator will be provided which is simplified in circuit constitution.

Abstract: A receiver comprises an input-stage circuit, a filter circuit, an output-stage circuit and a digital control oscillator. The input-stage circuit has a mixer configured for mixing the GFSK signal and a feedback signal to generate an input-stage current signal to the filter circuit. Then the filter circuit filters the input-stage current signal, and converts it into a voltage signal. The output-stage circuit is coupled to the filter circuit, for converting the voltage signal into a digital output data. In addition, the digital control oscillator is coupled to the output-stage circuit, for outputting the feedback signal based on the digital output data.

Abstract: A GFSK modulator comprises: a first compensation module, configured to receive a GFSK pulse signal, apply a first amplitude compensation and a first delay compensation to the GFSK pulse signal, so as to generate a first compensated control signal; a second compensation module, configured to receive the GFSK pulse signal, apply a second amplitude compensation and a second delay compensation to the GFSK pulse signal, so as to generate a second compensated control signal; a closed-loop PLL module including a closed-loop PLL, configured to receive and use the first and the second compensated control signals to generate a modulated signal.

Abstract: A carrier offset detection circuit is offered, which is provided to a demodulation circuit which demodulates a received signal subjected to FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) modulation, and which detects the offset of the carrier frequency between the transmitting side and the receiving side. A zero-crossing detection unit receives a digital base band signal indicating the level of the frequency shift (frequency deviation) of the received signal using the carrier frequency on the receiving side as a reference frequency, and detects a zero-crossing point of the base band signal and a base band signal obtained by delaying the former base band signal by one symbol, which occurs in a preamble period. A carrier offset detection circuit sets the offset value of the carrier frequency to the value of the base band signal at a timing of the zero-crossing point thus detected.

Abstract: A receiver includes a band-pass filter that limits a passband of an IF (Intermediate Frequency) signal, an FSK detector that detects the IF signal passing through the band-pass filter to generate a detection signal, and a control block that controls a modulation sensitivity of the FSK detector and a pass bandwidth of the band-pass filter, in which the control block controls the modulation sensitivity of the FSK detector according to the pass bandwidth of the band-pass filter.

Abstract: A frequency shift keying digital signal receiving apparatus includes a detecting portion detecting a new signal on the basis of a signal, from which a correlated ambient noise is filtered out by an adaptive filter, a holding portion holding a first electric power for the signal received before a new signal is detected, a calculating portion calculating a second electric power for the signal received after the new signal is detected, a comparing portion comparing levels of the first and second electric powers, a selector selecting the signal, from which the correlated ambient noise is filtered out, when the first electric power is higher than the second electric power and selecting the signal bypassing the adaptive filter when the first electric power is lower than the second electric power, and a demodulating portion demodulating a desired signal on the basis of the signal selected by the selecting portion.

Abstract: An automatic zero-crossing signal demodulation and classification device for rapidly identifying an unknown modulation in a signal identifies an unknown modulation in a signal, demodulates differential phase shift keying signals and automatically recognizes certain phase shift keying signals. This is accomplished by eliminating the unknown term fc in differential phase estimation, introducing a symbol rate tracking mechanism, applying hysteresis nonlinearity to eliminate the phase shaping effect and using a weighted average to estimate the phase difference. Better estimates are accomplished by using the hysteretic nonlinear function to detect the zero-crossing points in eliminating the false detecting of the zero-crossing points caused by the additive noise, and calculating differential phase without directly using the center frequency to simplify the estimation process.

Abstract: A communication device includes a CPU, a wireless LAN communication controller, and a digital cordless communication controller. The wireless LAN communication controller is capable of communicating wirelessly with the access point according to a data communication method. The digital cordless communication controller is also capable of communicating wirelessly with the handset according to a voice communication method. The CPU sets a first frequency band used for wireless communications by the wireless LAN communication controller. The CPU sets a second frequency band used for wireless communications by the digital cordless communication controller. When another communication device interferes with wireless communications between the communication device and the handset, the communication device changes this interference from the other communication device to interference received from wireless communications with the access point by shifting the second frequency band to the first frequency band.

Abstract: The receiver (1) picks up low rate FSK radio frequency signals. This receiver includes an antenna (2) for receiving FSK radio frequency signals, a low noise amplifier (3) connected to the antenna, a local oscillator (7) for supplying oscillating signals (LO), a phase shift circuit (16) for performing a 0° to 90° phase shift, and vice versa, in the oscillating signals (LO) or the incoming FSK radio frequency signals in each semi-period of a phase switching cycle (1/fs). The phase shift circuit alternately and successively generates in-phase and quadrature oscillating signals, or in-phase and quadrature incoming FSK radio frequency signals. The receiver includes a single mixer (4) for mixing the oscillating signals successively with the incoming FSK radio frequency signals, so as to generate alternately intermediate in-phase and quadrature baseband signals (INT) as a function of the phase shift circuit.

Abstract: An uplink channel sounding apparatus and method in a wireless communication system are provided, in which in an MS, a baseband MODEM generates as many channel sounding signals as the MS has antennas and outputs the channel sounding signals to an antenna switch. The antenna switch switches the channel sounding signals to the antennas in a one-to-one basis transmitting the channel sounding signals to a BS through all of the antennas of the MS.

Abstract: A method and a device for channel response determination for a wireless communication system. The method comprises generating a first vector of channel responses from channel estimations obtained by using a training signal. A second vector of regularized channel responses is generated by applying to the first vector a regularization algorithm. The algorithm is operative such that a second difference between consecutive regularized channel responses of the second vector is less than a first difference between consecutive channel responses of the first vector.

Abstract: The present invention employs hierarchical modulation to simultaneously transmit information on different modulation layers using a carrier RF signal. Initially, first data to be transmitted is assigned to a first modulation layer and second data is assigned to a second modulation layer. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first and second data are assigned based on reliability criteria. The first and second modulation layers are hierarchical modulation layers of the carrier RF signal. Once assigned, the first data is transmitted using the first modulation layer of the carrier RF signal and the second data is transmitted using the second modulation layer of the carrier RF signal. In one embodiment of the present invention, information may be transmitted to one end user using one modulation layer, and information may be transmitted to a different end user using a different modulation layer.

Abstract: A Gaussian Frequency Shift Key (GFSK) receiver includes a receiver front end to receive a GFSK-modulated signal and convert the received GFSK-modulated signal to a baseband frequency modulated signal, a channel filter to reduce channel interference which is adjacent to a desired channel of the baseband frequency modulated signal, a demodulator to demodulate the channel filtered baseband modulated signal and to recover a sequence of symbols, a digital filter to reduce inter-symbol interference (ISI) from the sequence of symbols, a slicer to produce symbol decisions based on the filtered sequence of symbols, and a symbol-to-bit mapper to map the symbol decisions to data bits.

Abstract: Certain embodiments provide a system for recovering data from at least one signal. The system can include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and in-phase/quadrature (IQ) generator component that can sample a signal recovered from a communication medium to generate a first signal sample and a second signal sample. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) component can process the first signal sample to generate a first signal phase and process the second signal sample to generate a second signal phase. A phase difference calculation component can determine a phase difference between the first signal phase and the second signal phase, determine a bit value represented by the signal based on the phase difference, and output the bit value to an end device coupled to the phase difference calculation component.

Abstract: An architecture for processing signal communications between a frequency translation module and an integrated receiver decoder. According to an exemplary embodiment, the signal processing apparatus comprises a demodulator for generating a first signal responsive to an FSK signal, said first signal comprising a varying amplitude and a clamping means for generating a second signal, wherein said second signal has a first value when the amplitude of the first signal is above a predetermined value, and wherein said second signal has a second value when the amplitude is below a second predetermined value.