Abstract: Some embodiments include a radiographic inspection system, comprising: a drive mechanism configured to move along a structure; a detector attached to the drive mechanism; a radiation source attached to the drive mechanism and positionable relative to the detector such that a width of the structure casts a radiation shadow on an active area of the detector; and control logic coupled to the detector and configured to: receive an image from the detector; generate side wall loss information based on the image; and generate bottom wall loss information based on the image.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating and processing images captured while inspecting above-ground pipelines are disclosed. Embodiments may include a robotic crawler or other devices which carry imaging equipment and traverse a target pipe which are configured to capture image data simultaneously from a plurality of angles. Such systems may substantially reduce and in some cases overcome the need to take multiple traversals of a pipeline under inspection. Embodiments may also be directed toward control systems for such devices as well as image processing systems which process the multiple image sets to produce a composite imaging result.

Abstract: A shielding structure of the safety inspection equipment includes a first carbon fiber layer, a polyurethane layer and a second carbon fiber layer, which are sequentially stacked to be configured as a shielding channel with two opened ends. The second carbon fiber layer is an outer layer of the shielding channel. The first carbon fiber layer and the second carbon fiber layer are made of carbon fiber materials. The polyurethane layer is made of polyurethane materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to determine geometrical parameters of an object under study by radiography, the object can be described geometrically, wherein intercepts that go through the material of the object under study can be determined from a projection of the object—e.g. a tube—imaged by an X- or gamma-radiation source if exposition data of the radiographic image are available. These intercepts that go through the material of the object—i.e. the intercept curves—allow that the object under study—e.g. the tube—have a dimension that is larger than the dimension of the device (film/detector) used to take the radiographic image. During the course of said method, the source of radiation, the object under study and the device (film/detector) used to take the radiographic image are in a fixed position.

Abstract: A Computed Tomography (CT) system can be deployed by subsea vehicles such as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) or by divers to perform CT inspections on a subsea structure. In embodiments, a marinized signal source and a marinized flat panel signal detector are positioned at a structure to be inspected subsea and possibly repositioned at different angles about the structure to acquire a series of 2D radiographic images which are then fed to a reconstruction algorithm that produces a 3D reconstructed volume of the structure being inspected.

Abstract: Techniques for inspecting a weld of a nuclear waste canister include positioning a gamma ray image detector near a nuclear waste canister that encloses nuclear waste. The nuclear waste canister includes a housing that includes a volume in which the waste is enclosed and a top connected to the housing with at least one weld to seal the nuclear waste in the nuclear waste canister. The techniques further include receiving, at the gamma ray image detector, gamma rays from the nuclear waste that travel through one or more voids in the weld; generating an image of the received gamma rays with the gamma ray image detector; and based on the generated image, determining an integrity of the at least one weld.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nuclear densitometer assemblies for measuring density of fracturing fluid in a pipe, which includes a nuclear densitometer assembly that may include: a lower plate; a support post extending from the lower plate, the support post capable of supporting a portion of the pipe; an upper plate; a nuclear source coupled to the upper plate; a nuclear detector coupled to the upper plate; wherein a portion of the pipe may be capable of being disposed between the nuclear source and the nuclear detector.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include an extended length core sample scanning apparatus that enables the imaging of extended length core samples using medical-type CT scanners. The extended length core sample scanning apparatus has a frame that defines a U-shaped receptacle that receives core housing containing the core sample when the core sample is placed in a CT scanner. The extended length core sample scanning apparatus may have two or more rollers located in the U-shaped receptacle to enable translation of the extended length core sample through a CT scanner during scanning. The rollers may also provide for a minimum clearance between the core housing and the walls of the U-shaped receptacle. Methods of imaging an extended length core sample are also provided.

Abstract: A brazed end cover assembly for a gas turbine combustor using Au—Ni braze is disclosed. The end cover assembly may include an end cover with openings, a flow insert, first and second gaps between the end cover and the flow insert, and first and second braze joints formed at the first and second gaps, wherein the braze materials used comprises Au and Ni. A method of brazing a flow insert into an end cover is also disclosed. The method may include providing an end cover and a flow insert with first and second gaps therebetween; applying a braze material to an outer surface of the flow insert, wherein the braze material comprises Au and Ni; inserting the flow insert into the end cover; heating the assembly to a brazing temperature for some time; and cooling the resulting brazed assembly to room temperature.

Abstract: A method for measuring a density profile of a fluid in a process vessel is disclosed. The method includes emitting gamma rays into the fluid and acquiring a backscattered gamma ray counts distribution using at least one position sensitive gamma ray detector disposed proximate the vessel. The method further includes determining the density profile of the fluid contained in the process vessel based on the backscattered gamma ray counts distribution.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for x-ray inspection of a pipeline girth weld. This comprises a directional x-ray source 5 which is insertable into a pipeline section and is rotatable within the pipeline. Means are provided to align the directional x-ray source with an external x-ray detector such that both may be rotated through 360 degrees substantially coaxially with the pipeline section. Means for sampling the data detected by the x-ray detector are provided so that it may be further analyzed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a logging tool (1) for determining properties of a fluid (2) surrounding the tool arranged downhole in a casing (3) comprising a wall (4) and having a longitudinal extension. The logging tool has a substantially longitudinal cylindrical shape with a longitudinal axis and, when seen in cross-section, a periphery (5). Moreover, the logging tool comprises a plurality of electrodes (6) arranged spaced around the longitudinal axis in the periphery of the tool so that the fluid flows between the electrodes and the casing wall and a means for measuring the capacitance between two electrodes in all possible combinations giving n*(n?1)/2 capacitance measurements for n electrodes.

Abstract: The system for the inspection and imaging of insulated pipes and vessels using backscattered gamma radiation and X-ray fluorescence includes a frame having a pair of coaxial rings adapted for coaxial mounting about the insulated pipe, vessel or the like. A pair of rotating supports are rotatably mounted within the pair rings for driven rotation thereof. A plurality of horizontal supports are secured to, and extend between, the pair of rotating supports such that each of the horizontal supports extends along a direction parallel to an axis of the insulated pipe. A plurality of inspection modules are slidably mounted to the horizontal supports. Each inspection module includes at least one radiation source, an X-ray fluorescence detector and a backscattered gamma radiation detector. The plurality of inspection modules are linearly translated along the axial direction of the pipe, and also circumferentially rotated therearound for simultaneous, three-dimensional inspection of the pipe body.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring degradation of a device having a metal layer and a composite layer, such as a vehicle-mounted boom arm. The system can include a collar mounted on an outer surface of the device, a radiography device movably coupled to the collar, and a monitor. The radiography device can include a source of radiography signals positioned to direct radiography signals through at least a portion of the device and a detector to detect radiography signals that have passed through the device. The monitor can be connected to the detector to display an image of the device generated from the detected radiography signals. Anomalies in the device image can represent degradation in the device.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for external inspection of a pipeline circumferential weld. This comprises a radiation source (5) and radiation detector (3). Both units are controllably movable around a drive band or track (7) which is fitted around the circumferential weld. To align the source with the detector the source and detector are moved with respect to each other clockwise and anticlockwise around an initial position whilst sampling the radiation detected at a number of positions. A position of maximum strength of the radiation signal detected can then be determined such that the centre point of the radiation source may be located. The source and detector are then substantially aligned with each other and means are provided to move the source and detector circumferentially around the weld whilst remaining substantially in alignment.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for x-ray inspection of a pipeline girth weld. This comprises a directional x-ray source 5 which is insertable into a pipeline section and is rotatable within the pipeline. Means are provided to align the directional x-ray source with an external x-ray detector such that both may be rotated through 360 degrees substantially coaxially with the pipeline section. Means for sampling the data detected by the x-ray detector are provided so that it may be further analysed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a structure. An x-ray system and the structure are positioned relative to each other. The x-ray system comprises a gas source configured to provide a gas, a laser system configured to emit a laser beam, a steering system, and a detector. The steering system is configured to direct a first portion of the laser beam into the gas such that an electron beam is generated by the laser beam interacting with the gas and is configured to direct a second portion of the laser beam into the electron beam such that a collimated x-ray beam is formed. The detector is configured to detect the collimated x-ray beam. The collimated x-ray beam is emitted with the structure positioned relative to the x-ray system.

Abstract: The pipe inspection method and apparatus can be used to implement rapid, tomographic inspection of a pipe set up at a narrow location. The pipe inspection method includes: a first step for scanning the pipe by translating a radiation source and radiation detector arranged opposedly to the pipe; a second step for the radiation detector to detect radiation that the radiation source has emitted, at given scanning distance intervals; a third step for creating a transmission image of the pipe, based on a radiation dose that the radiation detector has detected; and a fourth step for constructing a tomogram or stereoscopic image of the pipe, based on the transmission image. Thus, it is possible to provide the pipe inspection method and apparatus that can be used to implement rapid, tomographic inspection of the pipe set up at a narrow location.

Abstract: A system and method for automatic digital radiographic inspection of piping in which a radiation source and radiation detector are mounted on an inner carriage that rotates concentrically inside an outer carriage and both carriages are placed externally to the piping during operation. A rotating system is provided to cause the inner carriage to rotate completely around the piping. A positioning system is provided for moving the outer carriage longitudinally on the piping. A balancing system is provided such that any tilting of the system during its longitudinal movement on the piping is corrected. In operation, the system is placed on the piping and the rotating system causes the inner carriage to rotate around the piping. After one complete rotation is ensured the positioning system moves the assembly in a longitudinal direction on the piping.

Abstract: Gamma rays, X-rays or ionizing irradiations from two radiation sources penetrate through a steel bar in a reinforced concrete structure. Images of the steel bar are thus projected on two films. Through geometric relationships between the images and the steel bar itself, thicknesses between the steel bar and surfaces of the reinforced concrete structure are obtained. The position of the steel bar obtained according to the present invention is reliable and accurate. And the data obtained can be used for structure safety.

Abstract: In accordance with one exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides a sensor system for detecting a change in condition. The system includes a radioactive source. This system also includes at least one radiation detector configured to detect radiation from the radioactive source. Furthermore, the system includes a displacement assembly configured to physically displace in response to the change in condition and configured to change the radiation levels detected by the radiation detector in response to such displacement. Advantageously, this system facilitates non-intrusive communication of information across a physical barrier, via the measurement of changing radiation levels that change in response to a change in condition, for example.

Abstract: An X-ray inspection apparatus is provided with a shied box, a conveyor, an X-ray irradiator, an X-ray line sensor, a monitor, and a control computer to enable the apparatus to inspect an article by automatically selecting an appropriate image processing procedure that is most appropriate for the article. The control computer creates function blocks comprising an image forming section, an image processing procedure adoption determination unit, and a contaminant determination unit as a CPU loads various programs stored in a memory units such as HDD.

Abstract: A digital radiography imaging system for acquiring digital images of an object, and a method for transforming digital images into an absolute thickness map characterizing the object under inspection. The system includes a radiation source for directing radiation through a desired region of the object, and a radiation detector having a plurality of sensing elements for detecting radiation passing through the object. Numerical data generated from each sensing element is calibrated, for example by correcting for variations in radiation paths between the source and detector, by correcting for variations in the spatial frequency response (MTF) of the detector, by correcting for variations in the geometric profile of the object under inspection, and by correcting for material contained in and/or around the object. The calibrated data is processed in order to generate and display an absolute thickness map of the object.

Abstract: A mobile radiographic device for use in inspecting pipelines and the like, comprising an articulating aerial boom coupled to a mobile carriage vehicle. A pivot mount is rotatably coupled to the distal end of the aerial boom. A platform having a sliding rail is operatively coupled to the pivot mount. A mounting fixture is rotatably mounted to a cradle, which in turn is coupled to the sliding rail of the platform. A radiation source and a radiation detector are mounted on diametrically opposing sides of the fixture in order to illuminate the outer surface of a pipeline or other object with radiation. A first positioning means is provided for coarsely positioning the scanning apparatus relative to the pipeline. A second positioning means is provided for finely positioning the scanning apparatus relative to the pipeline. The second positioning means is operable from a remote location when the radiation source is illuminating the pipeline with radiation.

Abstract: System for measuring layer thicknesses of a multi-layer pipe by measuring with a detector array (2) the attenuation of an X-ray transmitted though the pipe. According to the invention the detector array (2) comprises an array of detector elements D1, D2, D3, D4 with a collimator for defining the field of radiation in front of each detector element. The collimator has a narrow diaphragm aperture setting the resolution when the position of the pipe walls is to be determined. The defined field of radiation has an extent sufficient to radiate the four detector elements D1, D2, D3, D4 in parallel. In a suitable signal processing of the output signals from the detector elements D1, D2, D3, D4, eg by using the method of least squares, the thicknesses of the different layers may be fairly accurately determined.

Abstract: A method for superimposing graphic representations of ground locations onto images of ground locations after detecting the presence of material failure(s) or failures in man-made structures in such ground locations including providing an image sensor spaced remotely from the ground and which sequentially captures a number of images of various ground locations to provide digital images of such ground locations; processing captured digital images to determine the presence of a potential material failure in a man-made structure in accordance with predetermined coordinate positions which locate the man-made structures in one or more of the captured digital images; identifying reference points in the ground locations corresponding to the same reference points in the graphic representations of the ground location; and superimposing the graphic representation with the reference points onto at least one of the captured digital images.

Abstract: A system and method for high-speed radiographic inspection of fluid transport vessels in which a radiation source and a radiation detector are positioned on opposite sides of the outside surface of the vessel. A positioning system is provided for moving and locating the radiation source and radiation detector longitudinally with respect to the vessel and for moving the radiation source and radiation detector circumferentially with respect to the vessel. In operation, the positioning system causes the radiation source and radiation detector to spiral along the vessel in a coordinated manner while the radiation source illuminates an adjacent region of the vessel with radiation. The radiation is converted into corresponding electrical signals used to generate images of objects in the radiation path. Finally, an operator inspects the images for defects.

Abstract: System for measuring layer thicknesses of a multi-layer pipe by measuring with a detector array (2) the attenuation of an X-ray transmitted though the pipe. According to the invention the detector array (2) comprises an array of detector elements D1, D2, D3, D4 with a collimator for defining the field of radiation in front of each detector element. The collimator has a narrow diaphragm aperture setting the resolution when the position of the pipe walls is to be determined. The defined field of radiation has an extent sufficient to radiate the four detector elements D1, D2, D3, D4 in parallel. In a suitable signal processing of the output signals from the detector elements D1, D2, D3, D4, eg by using the method of least squares, the thicknesses of the different layers may be fairly accurately determined.

Abstract: An apparatus for non-destructively inspecting an arbitrary heat exchanger tube among a group of heat exchanger tubes. The apparatus includes a radiation detector inserted in a heat exchanger tube to be inspected, at least one radiation source inserted in a plurality of heat exchanger tubes surrounding the heat exchanger tube to be inspected, and a CT processing unit. A cross section of the heat exchanger tube to be inspected is imaged by the CT processing. Also, by setting at least one radiation source in an inner portion of the heat exchanger tube, on the inner side of a group of heat exchanger tubes or on the outer side of the group of heat exchanger tubes, and by setting at least one radiation detector carrying a collimator on the outer side of the group of heat exchanger tubes, a cross section of the group of heat exchanger tubes can be imaged by the CT processing.

Abstract: Apparatus to inspect sections of a pipeline wall at the site where the pipeline is located, comprising a vehicle in which to install and transport such apparatus to the pipeline site, a radiographic camera operably installed in said vehicle, a computer with monitor installed in said vehicle, a digital scanner installed in said vehicle, flexible phosphor sheets carried in said vehicle on which to impinge radiographic images respective sections of said pipeline wall that are to be inspected, a flexible carrier to receive a respective one of said phosphor sheets and to mount adjacent a said section of said pipeline wall that is to be inspected and on which radiographic rays from said radiographic camera are impinged after passing through said pipeline wall to record on said phosphor sheet the characteristics of said section of pipeline wall, such flexible phosphor sheet with said radiographic images thereon to be run through said digital scanner to convert the radiographic images to corresponding digital graphic

Abstract: In a method for the nondestructive quality testing of a thermocouple (10) which can be used in particular at high temperatures and/or under high levels of vibration, which thermocouple (10) comprises at least two wires (13, 14) which run substantially parallel to one another in one plane, are connected to one another at their ends by a welded joint (15), are surrounded by a hermetically sealed sheath (11) and inside the sheath (11) are embedded in insulation (16, 17) comprising a compacted powder, simple and reliable assessment is achieved by the fact that the X-radiation is passed through the thermocouple (10) perpendicular to the plane of the wires (13, 14) and an X-ray image is taken, that the position of the wires (13, 14) in the vicinity of the welded joint (15) is determined from the X-ray image, and that the quality of the thermocouple (10) is established from the position of the wires (13, 14) in the vicinity of the welded joint (15).

Abstract: An x-ray shielding system includes a beam controller configured to surround an x-ray source and includes a detector shield configured to position behind an x-ray detector. The beam controller includes a source shield and an aperture. The source shield and the detector shield are adapted to block x-rays, and the aperture is adapted to transmit x-rays. A shielded digital radiographic inspection system includes the x-ray source and the beam controller surrounding the x-ray source. The beam controller includes the source shield and the aperture. The aperture is configured to rotate around the x-ray source. The inspection system further includes a digital x-ray detector positioned radially outward from the x-ray source and facing the aperture. The digital x-ray detector is configured to be movable along an orbit around the x-ray source. The inspection system further includes the detector shield configured to be movable with and positioned behind the digital x-ray detector.

Abstract: A system for determining pipe wall thickness includes a supporting framework removably attachable to the outer surface of a pipe or pipe covering and supportive of an x-ray film holder. The holder and an x-radiation source are disposed on opposite sides of the pipe in a first plane which includes the axis of the pipe. The source may be moved along the axial plane to make successive exposures of the pipe on a single piece of film. Each image includes both the upper-and lower side walls of the pipe. The film holder may be radially indexed to the pipe on the supporting framework so that the film holder and source may be disposed successively in a plurality of other axial planes radially displaced from the first axial plane. For each plane, a fresh piece of film is installed in the holder.

Abstract: An apparatus for non-destructively inspecting an arbitrary heat exchanger tube among a group of heat exchanger tubes in which a multiplicity of heat exchanger tubes are arranged. The apparatus comprises a radiation detector 12 inserted in a heat exchanger tube 10a to be inspected, at least one radiation source 14 inserted in a plurality of heat exchanger tubes surrounding the heat exchanger tube 10a to be inspected, and a CT processing unit 16 for subjecting radiation strength signals detected by the radiation detector 12 to a CT processing. A cross section of the heat exchanger tube 10a to be inspected is imaged by the CT processing.

Abstract: A system and method for radiographic inspection of aircraft fuselages includes a radiation source preferably located inside of the fuselage and a radiation detector preferably located outside of the fuselage. A source positioning system is provided for moving the radiation source longitudinally with respect to the fuselage, and a detector positioning system is provided for positioning the radiation detector in longitudinal alignment with the radiation source. The detector positioning system also moves the radiation detector circumferentially with respect to the fuselage. In operation, the radiation detector is moved over the fuselage in a circumferential direction while the radiation source illuminates an adjacent region of the fuselage with radiation.

Abstract: A digital representation of a radiation image of an at least partially tubular object is obtained. An attenuation profile over a tangentially imaged wall of the object is taken from the digital image on a straight line. The attenuation profile is reflected in the direction of the center of the object and the attenuation profile is reconstructed to form a relative density distribution by means of a transmission tomography-projection reconstruction method in which the measured reflected attenuation profile is used for all record annular positions.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a wellsite &ggr;-ray analysis of core samples is implemented. A wheeled carriage supporting a &ggr;-ray detector stably straddles a core sample, which may be encased in a core barrel. A bracket attached to the carriage may hold a radionuclide source of &ggr; radiation positioned distally from the detector, thereby forming a space therebetween for passage of the core. The density of the core may be determined by counting the &ggr; flux attenuated by the core; by traversing the carriage along a length of the core, the density may be determined as a function of position, and disrupted core or partial recovery detected thereby. Additionally, the natural &ggr; emission of the core may be observed by traversing the apparatus along the core without the radionuclide source.

Abstract: A system for inspecting pipelines, especially in the coupling between pipe parts, comprises a radiation source and a detector device or a photographic film. The pipeline includes indicators which are laid into the pipeline material and have a differing absorption of radiation than the material comprising the layers of the pipeline in which the indicators are formed. By placing the radiation source and the detector device (or photographic film) on opposite sides of the pipeline, or on opposite sides of a wall of the pipeline, the position of the indicators may be detected, and any displacement can be measured.

Abstract: Disclosed is a weld inspection system that utilizes an automated digital radiographic camera and control system to generate and review digital X-ray images of the weld seam. The weld inspection system is mountable onto the weld fixture, such that the weld inspection system can inspect welds upon completion of welding operations while the barrel panels are still clamped in the weld fixture. The digital radiographic camera includes a fiber optic scintillator x-ray to light conversion screen coupled to a high resolution charged coupled device (CCD) camera to produce digital radiographic images of a portion of the weld between welded barrel panels. An X-ray source is located in a shielded housing which is attached to a carriage that is movably mounted to the vertical weld fixture on the convex side of the barrel weld. The digital radiographic camera is attached to a carriage that is movably mounted to the vertical weld fixture on the concave side of the barrel weld.

Abstract: A computed tomography scanner for obtaining a tomographic image of a subject to be examined including a radiation emitting device for emitting radiation in a shape of a fan beam to the subject, a radiation detecting device for detecting the radiation that has passed through the subject to obtain detection data with respect to a tomographic plane of the subject. The radiation emitting device and the radiation detecting device determines a scanning area constituting a data collection region in a radiation plane of the fan beam. The subject has external dimensions exceeding the scanning area.

Abstract: An apparatus and method using non-destructive testing and evaluation analyzes pipes to accurately measure the depth of corrosion and/or erosion in the pipe. Two penetrameter shims are attached to the outside surface of the pipe near the area of corrosion. Then, a radiograph of the pipe in the area of corrosion is generated using an X-ray source and an X-ray sensitive film. The radiograph is subsequently digitized, and the digital information is entered into a computer. A computer operator (user) is then asked to input several parameters concerning the diameter of the pipe, the thickness of the shims, etc., using, for example, a keyboard and to select the areas of interest using, for example, a computer mouse. All the while the computer operator is navigated through several user-friendly screens in a window environment driven by a Graphical User Interface.

Abstract: A mobile apparatus for and a method of non-contacting, nondestructive, on-line inspection of installed components of plants, facilities or other systems. The apparatus and method use penetrating radiation sources and detectors which can be placed about vertical or horizontal components while they remain in place and in use. The apparatus can operate in multiple scanning modes and the resulting data collected can be processed using both gauging and computerized axial tomographic (CAT) algorithms and techniques. In a gauging analysis, the apparatus and method make use of both a computer-implementable model of the general shape of the component scanned and a computer-generated model of the specific component scanned.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of measuring at least one painted layer formed on a sample to be analyzed, which sample may be, for example, a galvanized steel including a substrate having the painted layer formed thereon with or without an intervention of a primer coated layer. In the practice of the invention, radiation is directed onto a surface of the painted layer so as to excite the sample. The intensity of resultant Compton scattering rays, the intensity of resultant fluorescent X-rays emitted from zinc contained in a plated zinc and the intensity of resultant fluorescent X-rays emitted from strontium contained in the primer coated layer are measured, and also the absorption of the fluorescent X-rays are taken into consideration, to provide a basis for calculation of the amount of paint coating forming the painted layer. In this way, the amount of primer and paint material both applied to the galvanized steel can be easily measured on a non-destructive basis.

Abstract: In a radio telephone system and a call charging method used in this radio telephone system, when a user of a radio telephone issues a telephone call to a public telephone network by utilizing a radio controller installed in a PBX employed on the premises of a company to which the telephone user does not belong, the PBX reports both of terminal number information of the radio telephone and call account information for charging the call account to the terminal to the public telephone network, in case that a telephone call is demanded. When the information is received, the public telephone network charges the call account to the radio telephone. If the information is not transmitted from the PBX to the public telephone network, the call account is charged to the call originating line of the PBX.

Abstract: A mobile apparatus for and a method of non-contacting, nondestructive, on-line inspection of installed components of plants, facilities or other systems. The apparatus and method use penetrating radiation sources and detectors mounted on a ring assembly which can be placed about vertical or horizontal components while they remain in place and in use. The ring assembly is held in place by a yoke assembly in a manner that allows the ring to be rotated relative to the yoke assembly so that multiple scans of the same component cross-section can be performed from different angles. The apparatus is also capable of sub-positioning the detectors relative to the source while the ring assembly is stationary to increase the number of scans that can be taken from different angles. The yoke assembly, in turn, is mounted on a beam assembly in a manner that allows the yoke assembly to move relative to the beam assembly.

Abstract: The inspection aid 10 disclosed and claimed herein is characterized by a shape-mutable, radiographically non-absorptive appliance which includes an individual upper 28 and pair of lower 30 and 32 pins arranged in adjacent, right triangle relation and inserted transversely through either side of the appliance. An aspect central to the utility of the invention is the midpoint location of the upper pin between the lower pins.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling the quality of cylindrical or other geometrically regular-shaped products, such as tube or rounds, through high precision, continuous, real-time three-dimensional analysis of hot or cold products during their manufacture are disclosed. The apparatus includes multiple penetrating radiation sources and detectors. The apparatus is able to continuously and in real time perform a three-dimensional analysis of hot or cold products, detect cross-sectional and longitudinal flaws in the products, determine the processing steps causing the flaw, and modify the production process through feedback and/or feedforward control of the processing equipment. In performing the analysis on hot or cold products, the apparatus can determine the dimensional measurements of the products at other temperatures and take these measurements into consideration while controlling the manufacturing process in order to produce products of consistent dimensional quality.

Abstract: A blackline indictor for use in tomographic and/or radioscopic inspection of a weld joint is disclosed. The indicator includes a first elongated member having a first end and a second end and a second elongated member juxtaposed to said first member and also having a first end and a second end. The first ends of the elongated members are in contact with one another, and a spacer is disposed between the first and second members to position the second ends of the members at a selected distance from one another. The selected distance is at least equal to a thickness of the weld joint under inspection, and the first and second members and the spacer define a calibrated wedge shaped gap which is radiographically imageable to permit determination and control of the x-ray inspection parameters.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus comprising a gamma radiation or x-ray source (2), two detectors (3,3.sup.1) and an output device, for measuring faults in a pipe (1) and for observing foreign objects present in the pipe. A procedure, in particular one for observing faults of a pipe and foreign objects present in a pipe, wherein the measuring apparatus and the pipe (1) are moved relative to each other.

Abstract: A method of inspecting tube welds in tubular membrane panel walls whereby a radiation source if placed intermediate adjacent tube welds with radiographic film positioned along the far wall of each adjacent tube thereby covering the far wall critical area of each tube weld. Simultaneously each radiographic film is exposed to an intermediate radiation source thereby creating an actual size image of each tube weld with both images totaling or equaling at least one full weld being radiographed per exposure.