Abstract: Hybrid dilated Benes photonic switching architectures employ an arrangement of two-by-one (2×1) photonic and two-by-two (2×2) photonic elements to enjoy improved cross-talk performance while maintaining moderate cell counts. A jumpsuit switch optical network node architecture comprising multiple stages may operate more efficiently than single stage switching fabrics, by enabling manipulation of connectivity in some stages to achieve load balancing over other stages. Specifically, a first stage of switching fabrics connected to input ports of the optical node may be manipulated to load balance incoming signals over a second stage of switching fabrics coupled to output ports of the optical node. Additionally, a third stage of switching fabrics connected to add ports of the optical node may be manipulated to load balance added optical signals over the second stage of switching fabrics.

Abstract: A beam branching device capable of suppressing an increase in the cost and the like even when the number of branching directions of an incident beam is large and increasing the coupling efficiency even when the rotation accuracy of a rotary motor is not increased too high and coping with high-speed switching of the optical path is provided. In a beam branching device, a rotation shaft of a rotary motor is rotated to rotate a rotating member together with a plurality of reflection mirrors so that an incident beam is reflected from a reflection mirror surface portion of any one of the plurality of reflection mirrors and the incident beam is branched to a plurality of directions to switch an optical path of a reflection beam.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a multi-layer network to achieve network resource isolation among clients using the same server network, such as a VPN in a multi-layered network and interaction within the node, may include interaction between a server layer (e.g. L0 Photonic network) and the client layer (e.g. L1 network) that help the client layer (L1) gather information about the server-layer (L0) connection affinities. For example, the use of server layer (L0) connection affinities to construct Virtual Network Topologies (VNT) and/or network abstractions for customer traffic isolations in client layer (L1), the use of VNT to offer physical and/or logical network resource isolation for L1 customers, and provide L1 VPN services in a multi-layer environment.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods for use in analyzing discrete reactions are provided. The analytical devices of the invention use an array of nanoscale regions (a chip) that has discrete patches, for example, patches of nanoscale regions. In some embodiments an analytical system is provided that has an analysis chip with an array of patches, each of the patches comprising nanoscale regions that emit fluorescent light when illuminated. The system has a two-dimensional (x, y) array of dichroic prisms, each prism comprising a dichroic element that diverts illumination light up in the z dimension of the array to a patch on the analysis chip above it. Each dichroic element transmits fluorescent light emitted by the patch that it illuminates, whereby the emitted light from each patch passes down through each dichroic prism. The analytical system also has a detector below the array of dichroic prisms that detects the transmitted fluorescent light.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes an optical splitter splitting input optical signals into a first optical signal and a second optical signal and transmitting the first optical signal and the second optical signal to a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide, respectively, an optical combiner generating an output optical signal by combining the first and second optical signals transmitted from the first and second optical waveguides respectively, and including three output ports including a main output port, a first auxiliary output port, and a second auxiliary output port, three output optical waveguides connected to the three output ports, respectively, and transmitting the output optical signal, and an optical detector connected to at least one of the three output optical waveguides.

Abstract: A data processing method and apparatus are provided, which relate to the communications field and can reduce a delay and energy consumption for data processing in a data exchange process of an optical network. A specific solution is: obtaining a to-be-processed optical data packet; obtaining an optical label from the to-be-processed optical data packet; determining, according to the optical label, whether an optical signal data frame is a data frame of a preset type; if the optical signal data frame is the data frame of the preset type, obtaining a port corresponding to a label destination address according to an optical label destination address and generating an optical switching instruction; and outputting the to-be-processed optical data packet through a target port according to the optical switching instruction. The data processing method and apparatus are used for data processing.

Abstract: An optical transmission device that transmits an optical signal in a specified wavelength band includes: a receiver, a monitor light unit, a wavelength selective switch and a memory. The receiver receives the optical signal. The monitor light unit outputs monitor light of a wavelength allocated outside of the specified wavelength band. The wavelength selective switch outputs the optical signal via a first port and outputs the monitor light via a second port. The memory stores information that indicates an optical power loss of a route through which the monitor light is transmitted.

Abstract: A method of fabrication of laser gain material and utilization of such media includes the steps of introducing a transitional metal, preferably Cr2+ thin film of controllable thickness on the ZnS crystal facets after crystal growth by means of pulse laser deposition or plasma sputtering, thermal annealing of the crystals for effective thermal diffusion of the dopant into the crystal volume with a temperature and exposition time providing the highest concentration of the dopant in the volume without degrading laser performance due to scattering and concentration quenching, and formation of a microchip laser either by means of direct deposition of mirrors on flat and parallel polished facets of a thin Cr:ZnS wafer or by relying on the internal reflectance of such facets.

Abstract: A system for transmitting optical differential signal includes: an optical source configured to generate two channels of optical signals having different wavelengths; an input end for a to-be-modulated electrical signal configured to input a to-be-modulated electrical signal; a unique optical modulator configured to perform optical modulation on the two channels of optical signals using the to-be-modulated electrical signal, to obtain two channels of modulated optical differential signals; an optical sending unit, configured to send the two channels of modulated optical differential signals to optical transmission media; an optical receiving unit, configured to receive the two channels of optical differential signals; an optical detector, configured to perform optical-to-electrical conversion separately on the two channels of modulated optical differential signals, to obtain two channels of electrical signals; and a comparator configured to perform a differential operation to obtain one channel of electrical

Abstract: A switch for selectively coupling light from two input fibers to a selected two of plurality of output optical fibers. The switch was designed to handle standard Fiber optical connectors which have been polished and meet the specifications for the optical performance. The duplex mechanical switch creates a method to physically switch two fibers (Duplex) to another two fibers (Duplex). The performance regarding insertion losses, back reflection, crosstalk, immunity against backscattering of light and insensitivity to the wavelength of the light is consistent with this mechanical switch.

Abstract: Optical communication systems and methods using coherently combined optical beams are disclosed. A representative system includes a first data source for sending first data at a first frequency of a first optical beam to a first aperture, and at a second frequency of a second optical beam to a second aperture. The system further includes a second data source for sending second data at a third frequency of a third optical beam to the first aperture, and at a fourth frequency of a fourth optical beam to the second aperture. The system also includes a first interleaver of the first aperture configured to interleave the first data at the first frequency and the second data at the third frequency; and a second interleaver of the second aperture configured to interleave the first data at the second frequency and the second data at fourth frequency.

Abstract: An optical-frequency shift device to shift a first optical-signal of a first optical-frequency to a second optical-signal of a second optical-frequency, including a splitter to split the first optical-signal to optical-signals of first and second polarizations, orthogonal each other, a generator to generate first and fourth controlled-light of the first polarization, and second and third controlled-light of the second polarization, each of frequency differences between the first and second controlled-light and between the third and fourth controlled-light having a spacing equal to a difference between the first and second optical-frequencies, a nonlinear optical-medium in which idler light of the second and first polarization are created by causing cross phase modulation of the optical-signals of the first and second polarizations, the first and third controlled-light, and the second and fourth controlled-light, respectively, and an optical-combiner to combine the idler light of the second and first polarizat

Abstract: An optoelectronic semiconductor chip includes a semiconductor layer sequence. The semiconductor layer sequence includes a first semiconductor region of a first conductivity type, a second semiconductor region of a second conductivity type, and an active zone having a p-n junction, which active zone is formed between the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region. The semiconductor layer sequence is arranged on a carrier. The semiconductor chip also includes a first contact, which is provided for electrically connecting the first semiconductor region, and a second contact, which is different from the first contact and which is provided for electrically connecting the second semiconductor region. In addition, the semiconductor chip includes a first capacitive electrical element, which is connected in parallel with the p-n junction and which has a first dielectric element.

Abstract: An integrated optical device fabricated in the back end of line process located within the vertical span of the metal stack and having one or more advantages over a corresponding integrated optical device fabricated in the silicon on insulator layer.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an electrically switchable mirror includes: a first electrically switchable layer of cholesteric liquid crystal material, the first electrically switchable layer having a first state in which right-handed circularly polarized light incident thereon is reflected and left-handed circularly polarized light incident thereon is transmitted and a second state wherein right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized light incident thereon are transmitted; a second electrically switchable layer of cholesteric liquid crystal material, the second electrically switchable layer having a first state in which left-handed circularly polarized light incident thereon is reflected and right-handed circularly polarized light incident thereon is transmitted and a second state wherein right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized light incident thereon are transmitted; and a first electrically switchable wave plate disposed between the first and second electrically switchable layers.

Abstract: A method for self-registration and/or self-assembly of a plurality of electrical devices, the method including: performing the self-registration of the plurality of electrical devices by sending, from each of the plurality of electrical devices, device information that is stored in each of the plurality of electrical devices to a control device, including a processor, via a network, wherein the device information of each device identifies unique characteristics of the device the device information is stored in; receiving, in the control device, the device information sent from each of the plurality of electrical devices; storing, in a memory of the control device, the device information of each of the plurality of electrical devices; and determining, from the stored device information of each of the plurality of electrical devices that each of the plurality of electrical devices are present and available on the network.

Abstract: An optical routing element may include a planar dielectric photonic crystal which includes a lattice of holes having a first linear defect adjacent a second linear defect, with the two defects being separated by a central row of lattice holes. The first linear defect in the lattice of holes may form a first single mode line defect waveguide, and the second linear defect in the lattice of holes may form a second single mode line defect waveguide. Optical energy may be selectively coupled between the first and second waveguides across the central row of lattice holes. A free-carrier injector may be included to inject free-carriers into the dielectric photonic crystal, activation of which may alter selectivity of the optical coupling between the first and second waveguides. A plurality of optical routing elements with associated free-carrier injectors may be interconnected to form a bi-directional optical routing array.

Abstract: A ruggedized cable connection structure configured to direct mate first and second ruggedized optical fiber connectors is disclosed. The connection assembly has a housing having a channel extending from a first end of the housing through to the second end of the housing, an adapter secured within the channel near a midpoint of the housing to enable direct mating of the first and second ruggedized optical fiber connectors, and an integral mounting flange extending from the housing to allow connection to a mounting surface.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose an optical transmitter and an optical transmission method. An embodiment of the present invention includes a directly modulated laser array and a micro-ring group array, where the directly modulated laser array may output multiple channels of optical signals, each directly modulated laser is correspondingly provided with one circular waveguide group and one first waveguide, each circular waveguide group may couple a part of optical signals output by a directly modulated laser corresponding to the circular waveguide group to a same second waveguide, and the second waveguide aggregates optical signals from circular waveguide groups and outputs an aggregated optical signals. The micro-ring group array implements not only filtering but also multiplexing, which effectively reduces a quantity of elements, reduces a size of an optical transmitter, and reduces costs.

Abstract: A method of poling and calibrating electro-optic fibers is disclosed. Metal electrodes are used to utilize the electro-optic effect to impart phase delays to the optical signal. Moreover, one or more electrodes may be used for heating of the device to reach softening temperatures of the electro-optic material, which allows easy, effective and efficient poling of the electro-optic material. A method based on continuous or periodic optical feedback is used to automatically calibrate the electro-optic device when its performance degrades with time to relaxation of molecular orientations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low-cost LIDAR system. The system may be integrated in a wind turbine for measurement of the approaching wind field. One embodiment relates to a LIDAR system comprising a beam generating section adapted for generating a substantially linearly polarized output beam, and a beam steering section comprising a first optical device for controllably altering the polarization of the output beam, said first optical device in optical connection with a first polarizing beam splitter, said beam steering section adapted for directing the outputbeam interchangeably between a first direction and a second direction.

Abstract: Optical inputs to photonic switches may incorporate a polarization controller in order to change the polarization of the input signal to a pre-determined polarization for operation with the silicon photonics. A last stage of components of the polarization controller may overlap with a first input switching stage. A polarization controller that overlaps with the first stage of the switch input may provide lower insertion loss and power consumption for the photonic switch.

Abstract: A system for orienting particles in a microfluidic system includes one or more radiation pressure sources arranged to expose particles to radiation pressure to cause the particles to adopt a particular orientation in the fluid. A system for sorting particles in a microfluidic system includes a detection stage arranged to detect at least one difference or discriminate between particles in the fluid flow past the detection stage, and one or more radiation pressure sources past which the particles move sequentially and a controller arranged to switch radiation energy to cause a change in direction of movement of selected particles in the fluid flow to sort the particles. The particles may be biological particles such as spermatazoa. The radiation pressure may be optical pressure and may be from one or more waveguides which may extend across a channel of the microfluidic system.

Abstract: A multi-view display is switchable between single view and multi-view modes, and uses lenticular arrangement over a display panel which includes birefringent electro-optic material adjacent to a non-switchable optically transparent layer. The non-switchable optically transparent layer has a refractive index substantially equal to the extra ordinary refractive index of the birefringent electro-optic material. In the single view mode, the birefringent electro-optic material defines a non-switched state, and the polarization of the light from the display panel and incident on the lenticular arrangement is linear and aligned with the optical axis of the birefringent electro-optic material at the surface where the display output light is received. In the multi-view mode, the birefringent electro-optic material defines a switched state in which the optical axis is aligned perpendicularly to the display output surface.

Abstract: An optical switch comprises a first stage comprising N optical inputs, wherein N is an integer power of 2 and is 16 or greater, and N first sub-switches, wherein each first sub-switch comprises 1 of the optical inputs and 4 first outputs, and a second stage coupled to the first stage and comprising 16 second sub-switches, wherein each second sub-switch comprises M second inputs and M second outputs, and wherein M is equal to N/4.

Abstract: A method is for aligning an electro-optic device. The method may include initially positioning an optical fiber array adjacent to optical grating couplers, and actively aligning the optical fiber array relative to the optical grating couplers in a yaw direction and a roll direction to determine a yaw and roll alignment at a first operating wavelength. The method may include actively aligning the optical fiber array relative to optical grating couplers in an x direction and a y direction to determine a first x and y alignment at the first operating wavelength, determining a second operating wavelength, and actively aligning the optical fiber array again relative to the optical grating couplers in the x direction and y direction to determine a second x and y alignment at the second operating wavelength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for positioning at least one optical element (22), wherein the apparatus (1) comprises at least one movable carrier (20) for holding the optical element (22), at least one fixed support portion (10) for supporting the carrier (20), connecting means for connecting the carrier and the support portion, and actuating means for creating forces to influence the relative position of the carrier (20) to the support portion (10).

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch includes: N input ports, an input-side fiber array, an input-side collimator array, an input-side beam deformation and polarization conversion component, an input-side wave-demultiplexing component, an input-side switching engine, a focusing transformation lens group, an output-side switching engine, an output-side wave-combining component, an output-side beam deformation and polarization conversion component, an output-side collimator array, an output-side fiber array, and M output ports. The focusing transformation lens group includes two identical aspheric convex lenses that are placed in parallel, where a curvature from a center to an edge of a surface of the aspheric convex lens changes continuously.

Abstract: An Electrically Switchable Bragg Grating (ESBG) despeckler device comprising at least one ESBG element recorded in a hPDLC sandwiched between transparent substrates to which transparent conductive coatings have been applied. At least one of said coatings is patterned to provide a two-dimensional array of independently switchable ESBG pixels. Each ESBG pixel has a first unique speckle state under said first applied voltage and a second unique speckle state under said second applied voltage.

Abstract: The computer readable memory has recorded thereon instruction code for execution by a computing device for use with an optical power loss measurement (OPLM) system. The instruction code generally comprises: code for displaying a first set of instructions including measuring a first power value of test light outputted from a first reference optical waveguide; code for displaying a second set of instructions including measuring a second power value of test light outputted from a reference waveguide link including the first reference optical waveguide connected in series to a second reference optical waveguide; code for displaying a third set of instructions including measuring a reference power value of the OPLM system resulting from the propagation of light from via the reference waveguide link; and code for determining a corrected reference power value based on the reference power value and on the first and second power values.

Abstract: A system for monitoring data traversing a bidirectional optical fiber includes a network tap. The network tap includes first and second network ports for bidirectional data transmission over a first optical fiber. The device includes first and second tap ports respectively associated with the first and second network ports. The first network port receives data transmitted in a first direction over the first optical fiber and at a first wavelength and provides the data to the second network port and to the first tap port. The second network port receives data transmitted in a second direction opposite the first direction over the first optical fiber and at a second wavelength different from the first wavelength and provides the data to the first network port and to the second tap port. The first and second tap the first and second tap ports provide the data to one or more network monitoring devices.

Abstract: A 3D-MEMS optical switch is disclosed. In an embodiment, the 3D-MEMS optical switch includes a collimator array, a PD array, a wedge prism, a light-splitting triangular prism, a micro-electro-mechanical system MEMS micro-mirror, and a core optical switch controller that is connected to the PD array and the MEMS micro-mirror. In the present invention, the PD array is integrated into a core optical switch, which simplifies an architecture of the optical switch and reduces a volume of the optical switch; the wedge prism and the light-splitting triangular prism are used to perform light splitting, and some optical signals are transmitted to the PD array to detect optical power, so that the core optical switch controller adjusts the MEMS micro-mirror according to the optical power, which is detected by the PD array, of the optical signal, making an insertion loss of the 3D-MEMS optical switch meet a preset attenuation range.

Abstract: A planar wave guide (PWG) having a first end for coupling to a light pump and a second end opposite to the first end and including a first cladding layer; a second cladding layer; and a uniformly doped core layer between the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer, wherein the core layer is tapered having a smaller thickness at the first end and a larger thickness at the second end, and wherein a ratio of the core thickness to thickness of the cladding layers is smaller at the first end and larger at the second end.

Abstract: Optical switch based on a micro-minor device such as a DMD configured to simultaneously switch light from N inputs to M outputs with switching times of about 10 microseconds, where N and M are generally greater than one. The minors of the device are oriented according to a pattern calculated based on a Fourier Transform of spatial distribution of M outputs such as to form, in diffraction of light incident on the device, and diffraction light pattern that in the output plane is substantially congruent with the spatial distribution of M outputs. The device can be configured as a modulator of amplitude and/or a modulator of phase of incident light wavefront.

Abstract: A multicast optical switch based on free-space transmission comprises a 1×M input collimator array, a light splitting device, an optical distance compensation device, a spot transformation device, a 1×N output collimator array and a reflector array which are arranged in sequence. The 1×N output collimator array corresponds to reflector array. The light splitting device is provided with a light splitting surface and a reflection surface, and by means of light splitting surface and reflection surface, light splitting and beam splitting of n times are carried out on input signals of 1×M input collimator array, and then N beams of sub-signal light are generated. The optical distance compensation device compensates optical distance differences among M×N sub-signal light beams produced by light splitting device. The M×N sub-signal light beams are focused to be 1×N light spots through light spot conversion device, and then 1×N light spots are reflected to reflector array.

Abstract: A kinematic support structure of a “groove-groove-groove” type that reduces friction between a first base and a second base is provided. In the kinematic support structure, a first base comprises three grooves and a second base comprises three other grooves. Balls are all movable with respect to the first base and the second base. Two grooves corresponding in the two bases face each other across respective one of the balls.

Abstract: Embodiments include various plasmonic devices. The plasmonic devices may include: a conductor layer, an insulator layer, and a hybrid layer. The conductor layer may include an input segment, a manipulation segment, and an output segment. The conductor layer is disposed on a surface of a substrate. The insulator layer is disposed on a top surface of the conductor layer. The hybrid layer is disposed on top surface of insulator layer. The manipulation hybrid layer may include an input segment and a semiconductor segment, output segment on one or two or multiple sides of the active channel. When a positive gate voltage is applied between the conductor segment of the conductor layer and the semiconductor segment of the hybrid layer, the semiconductor segment is turned into accumulated semiconductor, surface plasmons polaritons (SPP) propagate along the insulator layer freely. When the gate voltage is negative, the semiconductor segment is turned into depleted semiconductor, and SPP propagation ceases.

Abstract: An all-optical logic gates comprises a nonlinear element such as an optical resonator configured to receive optical input signals, at least one of which is amplitude-modulated to include data. The nonlinear element is configured in relation to the carrier frequency of the optical input signals to perform a logic operation based on the resonant frequency of the nonlinear element in relation to the carrier frequency. Based on the optical input signals, the nonlinear element generates an optical output signal having a binary logic level. A combining medium can be used to combine the optical input signals for discrimination by the nonlinear element to generate the optical output signal. Various embodiments include all-optical AND, NOT, NAND, NOR, OR, XOR, and XNOR gates and memory latch.

Abstract: A MEMS based alignment technology based on mounting an optical component on a released micromechanical lever configuration that uses multiple flexures rather than a single spring. The optical component may be a lens. The use of multiple flexures may reduce coupling between lens rotation and lens translation, and reduce effects of lever handle warping on lens position. The device can be optimized for various geometries.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a low latency fiber optic local area network with a network and a plurality of nodes connected through optical fibers. Each node has a plurality of bi-directional input/output interfaces. Each bi-directional input/output interface has a demultiplexer, at least one optical power coupler, a plurality of wavelength converters, and a plurality of internal optical waveguides. The internal optical waveguides extend from each wavelength converter and are for communication with the demultiplexer, the input fiber optic interface, and the optical fiber. Each optical power coupler has a fiber optic output interface for communication with other nodes, and each demultiplexer has a input fiber optic interface for communication with other nodes.

Abstract: A reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) unit includes a first optical circulator coupled to a first terminal; a second optical circulator coupled to a second terminal; a third optical circulator coupled to a third terminal; a fourth optical circulator coupled to a fourth terminal; a first wavelength-selective switch (WSS), coupled to the first, second, and third optical circulators; a second WSS coupled to the first, second, and fourth optical circulators, wherein the first and second WSSes are bidirectional operated; a first 1:2 coupler positioned between the first circulator and the first and second WSSes; a second 1:2 coupler positioned between the second circulator and the first and second WSSes.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a multiplexer, and relate to the field of fiber communications technologies. The multiplexer according to the embodiments of the present disclosure includes a first light beam adjusting element, a second light beam adjusting element, a first light filtering and combining element, a second light filtering and combining element, a polarization changing element, and a light polarizing and combining element. The optical multiplexer according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may not only implement combining at least four light beams into one light beam but also reduce the number of reflection times of light during a light combination process.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for protecting daisy chain networks from node malfunction or power outage are disclosed. One or more communication nodes in a daisy chain network can be bypass-capable communication nodes. Bypass-capable communication nodes can include a sensing and switching subsystem, embedded in the node or external to the node in a fiber optic cable running along the daisy chain network. In embodiments, the sensing and switching subsystem can responsively switch the bypass-capable communication node from communication node primary circuitry to primary circuitry responsive to node malfunction or node power outage. The sensing and switching subsystem also can switch back from bypass circuitry to primary circuitry responsive to restoration of node function or node power. In embodiments, switching occurs responsive to excitation or de-excitation of the node itself.

Abstract: Techniques for communications using optical fiber are disclosed. An optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) node includes an interface to a first fiber pair connecting a first trunk station and a second trunk station. The OADM node further includes an interface to a second fiber pair connecting the first trunk station and the second trunk station with a branch station. The OADM node includes a plurality of filters configured to provide connectivity between the first trunk station, the second trunk station and the branch station. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Optical networking has become ubiquitous in providing low cost, high speed communications networks supporting our communication needs from FTTH through long haul to undersea. The large number of users and high speeds provided to each user fiber mean that information retrieval and routing functionality within the data centers hosting this information can become the bottleneck both in terms of speed and latency. According to embodiments of the invention the inventors present architectures based upon all-optical passive optical networks that support a distributive approach to latency reduction as well as protocols relating to their deployment. Beneficially, such POCXN concepts exploit optical components already supported by high volume manufacturing techniques as well as CWDM/DWDM techniques for throughput increase.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) photonic switch includes a first plurality of collimators including a first collimator configured to receive a first traffic optical beam having a traffic wavelength and a first control optical beam having a control wavelength, where a first focal length of the first collimators at the traffic wavelength is different than a second focal length of the first collimators at the control wavelength. The MEMS photonic switch also includes a first mirror array optically coupled to the first plurality of collimators, where the first mirror array including a first plurality of first MEMS mirrors integrated on a first substrate and a first plurality of first photodiodes integrated on the first substrate, where the photodiodes are disposed in interstitial spaces between the MEMS mirrors.

Abstract: It is difficult to increase the number of inputs and outputs of an optical switch supporting CDC functions, therefore, an optical switch according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes a unit optical switch inputting n optical signals and outputting n optical signals; an optical splitter inputting a single optical signal, splitting the single optical signal into k optical signals, and outputting the k optical signals; and an optical selector inputting m optical signals and outputting a single optical signal, wherein the optical splitter includes m×n pieces, the unit optical switch includes m×k pieces, the optical selector includes n×k pieces, (k×(m×n)) outputs of the optical splitter correspond to (n×(m×k)) inputs of the unit optical switch, (n×(m×k)) outputs of the unit optical switch correspond to (m×(n×k)) inputs of the optical selector, and (n×m) optical signals inputted into the optical splitter are output through the (m×k) unit optical switch from the optical selector as (n×k) optical

Abstract: A method for generating a switch fabric topology, comprising constructing a first switch fabric topology, modifying the first switch fabric topology to generate a second switch fabric topology, wherein modifying the first switch fabric topology comprises isolating center stage sets of the first switch fabric topology, and replacing each of the isolated center stage sets with a single × switching element to generate the second switch fabric topology, wherein is an integer representing a radix of the switching element determined in connection with the constructing of the first switch fabric topology.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for built-in self-measurement (BISM) of jitter components. A built-in self-measurement controller on the host integrated circuit (and, in some cases, a slave controller on a partner integrated circuit) may be used to control various switches to form various loopback circuits. A calibrated jittery data pattern is transmitted through each of the various loopback circuits. On-die instrumentation (ODI) circuitry may then be used to measure intrinsic jitter components for each loopback circuit via data representations such as eye-diagrams, or jitter histograms, or bit error ratio bathtub curves. The intrinsic jitter for link components (i.e. the jitter components such as deterministic jitter (DJ), random jitter (RJ), total jitter (TJ)) may then be determined based on the measured intrinsic jitters for the various loopback circuits. Other embodiments and features are also disclosed.

Abstract: A 3D display device comprises a display panel (1) with a plurality of pixel units formed by the cross of gate lines and data lines and distributed in matrix, and a photorefractive crystal mechanism (2) disposed at the light emitting side of the display panel (1); the photorefractive crystal mechanism (2) comprises an electrode structure (21) and a plurality of photo refractive crystals (22) arranged along the row directions of the pixel units; the electrode structure (21) produces a plurality of electric field range (A) in one-to-one correspondence with the photorefractive crystals (22); each of the photorefractive crystals (22) is corresponding to one electric field range (A) and is located in the corresponding electric field range (A); the photorefractive crystals (22) in adjacent columns respectively emits left eye image light or right eye image light, and right eye image light or left eye image light.