Television Signal Recording (epo) Patents (Class 386/E5.001)

  • Patent number: 11915336
    Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of embedding a watermark on a Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) image. The method includes: performing an entropy decoding on the JPEG image to generate quantized discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients; determining target bits in a bit plane of the quantized DCT coefficients on the basis of a watermark-embedding table (WET); and embedding a watermark based on metadata of the JPEG image in the target bits. Also, the present disclosure provides a method of verifying integrity of the image by using the embedded watermark.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 17, 2019
    Date of Patent: February 27, 2024
    Assignee: INDUSTRY-ACADEMIA COOPERATION GROUP OF SEJONG UNIVERSITY
    Inventor: Oh Jin Kwon
  • Patent number: 11763929
    Abstract: A medical tool is described for supporting an individual suffering from a mental condition or disorder characterized by auditory psychosis symptoms. The tool can assist in training the individual to distinguish between an acute auditory psychosis episode and ambient sounds. The tool can monitor for a non-audio input by a patient, where the input represents an indication that the patient is hearing sounds potentially symptomatic of psychosis. A microphone can monitor ambient sounds, which are tested against a threshold to determine and whether an auditory psychosis episode may be occurring.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 12, 2022
    Date of Patent: September 19, 2023
    Assignee: Centre For Addiction And Mental Health & Memotext Corporation
    Inventors: Sean Andrew Kidd, Amos Adler, Hesamaldin Nekouei, Linda Kaleis
  • Patent number: 11729437
    Abstract: Systems, methods, and articles for optimizing the placement of content, such as advertisements, within content breaks. The systems disclosed herein automatically identify the optimal allocation of content within breaks included in advertisement placement opportunities. This is achieved by scoring placed advertisements and determining whether a prospective advertisement can be placed within a break. The system may score the placed advertisements based on rules provided by a media content provider and multiple buyers.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 8, 2022
    Date of Patent: August 15, 2023
    Assignee: WIDEORBIT LLC
    Inventors: Trevan Zosel, Brian Edward Thoman, Francisco Lopez Alvarez, William E. Offeman
  • Patent number: 11722264
    Abstract: Bits for acknowledgement (ACK) and/or negative acknowledgement (NAK) may be allocated based on whether a special subframe configuration in a TDD configuration permits downlink transmission. For carrier aggregation, ACK/NAK bits may be allocated only to special subframes in component carriers (CCs) which permit downlink transmission. Also, for example, ACK/NAK bits may be allocated to all CC special subframes if a single CC is configured to allow downlink transmission on one of its special subframes. ACK/NAK bits may also be allocated to all special subframes.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 16, 2020
    Date of Patent: August 8, 2023
    Assignee: QUALCOMM Incorporated
    Inventors: Wanshi Chen, Juan Montojo, Xiliang Luo
  • Patent number: 11711574
    Abstract: In one aspect, a method includes: (i) determining a baseline input-to-output delay, which represents a time period between when content is input into a first input buffer and output by an output buffer; (ii) establishing a synchronous lock between (a) first fingerprint data representing content in the first input buffer and (b) second fingerprint data representing content in the output buffer; (iii) determining an instruction time-point at which a content-presentation device is instructed to switch from using content in the first input buffer to populate the output buffer, to using content in the second input buffer to populate the output buffer; (iv) determining a loss of synchronous lock time-point; (v) using the determined baseline input-to-output delay, the determined instruction time-point, and the determined loss of synchronous lock time-point to determine an input-buffer switching delay; and (vi) using the determined input-buffer switching delay to facilitate performing a content-modification operation
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 14, 2022
    Date of Patent: July 25, 2023
    Assignee: ROKU, INC.
    Inventors: Andrew Laurence Ashbacher, John L. Haynes, III
  • Patent number: 11698956
    Abstract: Various embodiments are directed to performing identity verification using biometrics and open data, such as publicly available data on the Internet. A person may provide various types of information about the person, including a name and an image of the person. An Internet search may be performed on the provided name and one or more publicly-available images corresponding to that name may be acquired. Biometric analyses may be performed on both the image provided by the person and the acquired one or more images to determine whether any of them match the person. Metadata may be extracted from a matching image. Moreover, data relating to the person may be acquired from the source of the matched image. The metadata and the data from the source may be compared with the information provided by the person to validate the identity of the person.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 14, 2021
    Date of Patent: July 11, 2023
    Assignee: Capital One Services, LLC
    Inventors: Ryan Fox, Keith Hamburg
  • Patent number: 11558556
    Abstract: An electronic device includes a display; a camera; a first light emitting module, wherein each of the camera and the first light emitting module comprises a first type polarizing filter; a second light emitting module including a second type polarizing filter that is different from the first type polarizing filter; and at least one processor configured to: obtain a first image by using the camera, based on a first light output from the first light emitting module and a second light output from the second light emitting module; identify at least one feature point in the first image; and control the display to display the first image and information related to the at least one feature point.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 9, 2021
    Date of Patent: January 17, 2023
    Assignee: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.
    Inventors: Youngjae Oh, Jinhong Min, Hyoungseon Choi, Joonho Kim, Changwon Son, Jiwoon Jung
  • Patent number: 11531521
    Abstract: Methods, systems, and media for rewinding media content based on detected audio events are provided. In some embodiments, a method for providing media guidance is provided, the method comprising: causing media content to be presented; receiving, using an audio input device, audio data that includes ambient sounds in an environment in which the media content is being presented; receiving a user command to rewind the media content; detecting that a portion of the audio data corresponds to an audio event that occurred during the presentation of the media content in response to receiving the user command to rewind the media content; determining a playback position in the media content based on the audio event; and causing the media content to be presented from the determined playback position.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 15, 2021
    Date of Patent: December 20, 2022
    Assignee: Google LLC
    Inventor: James Stout
  • Patent number: 10015734
    Abstract: A system and method of locating a wireless connection among a plurality of possible wireless connections. More particularly, a system and method of locating a user preferred wireless connection among a plurality of possible wireless connections. The method includes scanning for available networks and determining whether the available networks satisfy one or more user preferences. The method further includes establishing a secondary network connection with one of the available networks based on one or more user preferences being satisfied.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 29, 2016
    Date of Patent: July 3, 2018
    Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
    Inventors: Christopher J. Dawson, Peter G. Finn, Rick A. Hamilton, II, Jenny S. Li
  • Patent number: 8983273
    Abstract: An implementation of the subject matter described in this specification provides systems and methods for selectively recording media content. User preference data associated with media content may be stored, and a recording status associated with a media content item may be determined. A recording status indicates whether the media content item will be recorded by a digital recording device. A location associated with a user may also be determined, and the recording status associated with the media content item may be changed based at least in part on the determined location.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 2, 2011
    Date of Patent: March 17, 2015
    Assignee: Google Inc.
    Inventor: Dean K. Jackson
  • Patent number: 8718443
    Abstract: Implementing a web browser in a BD platform, including: receiving a HyperText Markup Language (HTML) page of a web browser; converting the HTML page including user interface (UI) widgets into graphical elements including HAVi widgets; and displaying the HTML page in the BD platform. Keywords include HAVi, Widgets, and BD platform.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 13, 2010
    Date of Patent: May 6, 2014
    Assignees: Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures Technologies Inc.
    Inventor: Saravana Prabhu Anbananthan
  • Patent number: 8676040
    Abstract: A BD-ROM has recorded therein an AV Clip generated by multiplexing a video stream and a graphics stream. The graphics stream represents an interactive display to be overlayed with the video stream, and includes a sequence of three Button State groups. The interactive display includes a plurality of buttons, each of which changes from a normal state to a selected state, and from the selected state to an active state, according to a user operation. In the three Button State groups in the graphics stream, the first-order group (N-ODSs) is made of a plurality of pieces of graphics data, which represent normal states of the buttons, the second-order group (S-ODSs) is made of a plurality of pieces of graphics data, which represent selected states of the buttons, and the third-order group (A-ODSs) is made of a plurality of pieces of graphics data, which represent active states of the buttons.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 27, 2011
    Date of Patent: March 18, 2014
    Assignee: Panasonic Corporation
    Inventors: Hiroshi Yahata, Tomoyuki Okada, Wataru Ikeda, Joseph McCrossan
  • Patent number: 8625972
    Abstract: A recording system includes a transmission apparatus and a recording apparatus. The transmission apparatus includes a storage unit that stores content data, a generating unit that generates recording destination information, and a transmission control unit that transmits the recording destination information and the content data. The recording apparatus includes a first recording unit that records content data, a second recording unit that records content data at a lower recording speed, and a recording control unit that controls the first and second recording units. The transmission control unit continuously transmits a plurality of pieces of recording destination information and content data. The recording control unit records, when the recording destination is a recording medium, the content data and the recording destination information in the first recording unit, and records the content data on the recording medium based on the recording destination information.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 15, 2009
    Date of Patent: January 7, 2014
    Assignee: Sony Corporation
    Inventors: Takeo Morinaga, Masahiko Sato
  • Patent number: 8554055
    Abstract: An editing device dubs stream data stored in a second recording medium. A recording unit records the specified range of stream data in a stream file in the first recording medium, based on management information recorded in the second recording medium. A stream information file in which a stream file and stream information are stored, and a playback list file in which playback section data and mark information indicating the playback point-in-time information can be stored, are recorded as management information. A management information is generated based on the relation between the specified range and the playback section data and stream information corresponding to the specified range.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 27, 2008
    Date of Patent: October 8, 2013
    Assignee: Sony Corporation
    Inventors: Yukio Isobe, Atsushi Mae, Naoki Morimoto, Kenichiro Nagao
  • Patent number: 8503866
    Abstract: A viewer can enter into a wish list a show listed on an electronic program guide (EPG) that is being shown on a channel not subscribed to by the viewer. Should the show later become available on a subscribed-to channel, it is automatically recorded.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 1, 2009
    Date of Patent: August 6, 2013
    Assignees: Sony Corporation, Sony Electronics Inc.
    Inventor: Thomas Poslinski
  • Patent number: 8503868
    Abstract: An original stream file and an after-recording data file are managed as different files. In the original stream file, data is made up of sets of partial data (CU) divided in accordance with a predetermined interval. Likewise, in the after-recording data file, data is made up of sets of partial data (CA) divided in accordance with a predetermined interval. These sets of data are recorded onto a disc such that the after-recorded data (CA) is recorded in a region adjacent to a relevant original stream (CU). This allows reproduction and real-time after-recording with the use of a general MPEG-2 PS/TS decoder. Moreover, this allows realization of data recording that causes less interruption of reproduction when non-destructive editing is carried out with respect to an after-recorded result.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 26, 2010
    Date of Patent: August 6, 2013
    Assignee: Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Jiro Kiyama, Yuri Iwano, Takayoshi Yamaguchi
  • Patent number: 8490132
    Abstract: Systems and methods for delivering advertisements with a video. A video is received at a client device, and data identifying a frame of the video, and an advertisement associated with the frame of the video are identified. The video is displayed during a playback of the video on the client device, and it is determined from the data identifying the frame of the video that the frame of the video is displayed during the playback of the video. The advertisement and the frame of the video are displayed proximate to a display of the video in response to the determination.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 4, 2009
    Date of Patent: July 16, 2013
    Assignee: Google Inc.
    Inventors: Yifan Shi, Hai Fang
  • Patent number: 8428433
    Abstract: A storage medium storing multimedia data for the reproduction of audio-visual (AV) data and a programming function, and a reproducing apparatus and method thereof. The storage medium includes: reproduction mode data for reproducing audio-visual (AV) data; program data including a plurality of program applications for providing interactive functions with a user and/or additional functions using the AV data; system data for controlling the execution of the reproduction mode data and the program data; and application objects for managing the execution of the program data and information on the reproduction mode data to be reproduced along with the execution of the program data. Accordingly, various user interfaces and/or various additional functions can be provided, as well as simple reproduction of AV data. Also the program application can be prevented from using malicious intent, and program applications having the same function can be reused without modification or recompilation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 9, 2009
    Date of Patent: April 23, 2013
    Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Kwang-min Kim, Jung-ho Lee, Kll-soo Jung, Sung-wook Park
  • Patent number: 8428441
    Abstract: The present invention provides an information processing apparatus, comprising: a video recording unit for video recording a received broadcast program; a video recording indicator light for indicating visually whether the video recording is in progress or not; and a video recording indicator light control unit, being furnished as a part of a basic input/output system (BIOS), for controlling a turning on and off of the video recording indicator light.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 3, 2010
    Date of Patent: April 23, 2013
    Assignee: Fujitsu Limited
    Inventor: Masatoshi Kimura
  • Patent number: 8428434
    Abstract: Provided herein are: a data acquiring unit which acquires a plurality of angle video data equal or less than the angle video data and relative display position information from a recording unit which records the plurality of angle video data corresponding to the plurality of angle videos taken at a plurality of taking angles different from one another in which a taken object is taken and records the relative display position information indicating a relative display position of each angle video in consideration of each taking angle; a video signal output unit which outputs a plurality of angle video signals corresponding to the plurality of angle videos to display units based on the plurality of angle video data; and an arrangement determining unit which determines a display position arrangement of the plurality of angle videos based on the relative display position information.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 23, 2006
    Date of Patent: April 23, 2013
    Assignee: Pioneer Corporation
    Inventors: Masahiro Kato, Toshio Suzuki, Eiji Muramatsu, Shoji Taniguchi, Takao Sawabe, Kazuo Kuroda, Akira Imamura
  • Patent number: 8417098
    Abstract: A hard disk recorder that can help to configure a group of information of a periodically broadcasted program includes: a remote control receiver that receives an instruction from a user; a controller that determines whether an instruction to record a broadcast program also designates a periodical interval applied to record the broadcast program, and if so then determines a series ID common among a group of broadcast programs and depends on whether series ID is shared to search broadcast program title information for and retrieve information corresponding to group of broadcast programs, and generates a play list including the retrieved information; an antenna receiving a broadcast signal of a broadcast program; a tuner extracting a broadcast signal; a HD device recording a series ID, broadcast program title information, and a broadcast signal in association with each other; and a video output device outputting the play list.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 24, 2006
    Date of Patent: April 9, 2013
    Assignee: Funai Electric Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Daisuke Yamada
  • Patent number: 8358908
    Abstract: A recording and playback apparatus includes a recording unit configured to download a content stored in a server and to record the content in a recording medium, an instruction receiver configured to receive a stop instruction for stopping download of the content done by the recording unit, and a controller configured to control the recording unit. The controller controls the recording unit so as to stop the download of the content when the instruction receiver receives the stop instruction for stopping download of the content, and to restart the download of the content when a predetermined time elapses in which the recording unit is in a stop state of the download.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 20, 2009
    Date of Patent: January 22, 2013
    Assignee: Panasonic Corporation
    Inventors: Naoya Takao, Seigo Takayama
  • Patent number: 8320739
    Abstract: A recording and playback apparatus includes a recording unit configured to download a content stored in a server and to record the content in a recording medium, an instruction receiver configured to receive a stop instruction for stopping download of the content done by the recording unit, and a controller configured to control the recording unit. The controller controls the recording unit so as to stop the download of the content when the instruction receiver receives the stop instruction for stopping download of the content, and to restart the download of the content when a predetermined time elapses in which the recording unit is in a stop state of the download.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 20, 2009
    Date of Patent: November 27, 2012
    Assignee: Panasonic Corporation
    Inventors: Naoya Takao, Seigo Takayama
  • Patent number: 8320741
    Abstract: A media capture system, method, and computer program product are provided for assessing processing capabilities. In use, media data is captured from a system. Additionally, the media data is stored in memory separate from the system. Further, the media data is fed back to the system for assessing media processing capabilities of the system in real-time or non-real-time.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 17, 2007
    Date of Patent: November 27, 2012
    Assignee: NVIDIA Corporation
    Inventor: William S. Herz
  • Patent number: 8311383
    Abstract: Disclosed herein is a receiving apparatus for sending received contents to a recording apparatus and for getting the recording apparatus to record the contents in accordance with preset recording reservations, the receiving apparatus including: a recording ready time information acquisition section configured to acquire from the recording apparatus information about a recording ready time; a continuous recording determination section configured to determine whether two chronologically successive broadcast contents are reserved for recording based on the preset recording reservations; and an end time setting section configured such that if the two chronologically successive broadcast contents are found reserved for recording, then the end time setting section sets the time at which to end processing for recording the earlier of the two contents based on a broadcast start time of the latter of the two contents and on the acquired information about the recording ready time.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 25, 2009
    Date of Patent: November 13, 2012
    Assignee: Sony Corporation
    Inventor: Masahiko Sato
  • Patent number: 8249426
    Abstract: A method (100) of automatically editing audio and visual recordings to produce an audio-visual production using computer processing means. The method (100) involves a first step (101) of setting production criteria in which the desired production duration, target device, maximum execution time and location of media files are specified. In a second step (102) a style is selected for applying to the media files. A third step (103) of selecting ones of the media files involves selecting those media files in folders which have been accessed most recently by a user, based on awarding a score to folders. In a fourth step (104), the selected style is applied. This is followed in a fifth step (105) by rendering the production to the target device.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 13, 2004
    Date of Patent: August 21, 2012
    Assignee: Muvee Technologies Pte Ltd
    Inventors: Peter Rowan Kellock, Shri Venkata Radhakrishna Achanta, Gerald Thomas Beauregard, Sheng Lo, Philip Norman Morgan, Yee Cheng Ng, Srikumar Karaikudi Subramanian, Eu Gin Terence Swee, Emarson Victoria, Bin Rubani Mafrudy
  • Patent number: 8184944
    Abstract: A recording medium having recorded thereon one or more pieces of playlist information each of which includes a stream table including multiple stream entries. Each audio stream has been encoded in one of a mandatory format that is an encoding format decodable by a playback apparatus with any version number, and an optional format that is an encoding format decodable by a playback apparatus with a predetermined or higher version number. In a first-type stream table, a stream entry corresponding to an audio stream encoded in the optional format is immediately subsequent, in the order of the stream entries, to a stream entry corresponding to an audio stream encoded in the mandatory format, the audio stream encoded in the optional format and the audio stream encoded in the mandatory format having been encoded from a same audio source and having a same language code and a same number of channels.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 15, 2009
    Date of Patent: May 22, 2012
    Assignee: Panasonic Corporation
    Inventors: Tomoki Ogawa, Hiroshi Yahata, Kazuhiro Mochinaga
  • Patent number: 8150239
    Abstract: A video indexing system uses pictures representative of a recorded video program to assist a user in determining the contents of a recorded medium without having to view the program itself. The pictures preferably represent segments of the program which are spaced apart in time, enabling a relatively small number of such pictures to characterize a lengthy program, and are presented in separate windows on the screen of the same device used to display the video program. The pictures may include still or moving imagery. A viewer optionally may select a particular picture with a pointing device, to commence replay of the recorded program from that period in the program, or to recall stored audio information so as to assist in identifying the selection. The picture information may be stored on the same medium as that used to record the video program, or a different medium may be used.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 16, 2003
    Date of Patent: April 3, 2012
    Assignee: Immotion Imagery Technologies, LLC
    Inventors: John G. Posa, Barry H. Schwab
  • Patent number: 8126309
    Abstract: A video playback apparatus includes a data-storage unit storing video data and a first video-time stamp, an information-storage unit storing first-associated information and a first-associated-time stamp, a unit acquiring plural playback-video data and plural second-video-time stamps of the plural playback-video data from the data-storage unit, and acquiring second-associated information of the playback-video data and a second-associated-time stamp of the second-associated information from the information-storage unit, a unit measuring information amounts of the playback-video data of the second-video-time stamps to obtain a smallest information amount of the information amounts, a unit detecting a time-stamp section corresponding to the smallest information amount, a unit changing the second-associated-time stamp to generate a changed time stamp, the second-associated information being presented in the time-stamp section by the changed time stamp, and a unit presenting the second-associated information toget
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 11, 2008
    Date of Patent: February 28, 2012
    Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
    Inventor: Tetsuya Sakai
  • Patent number: 8086095
    Abstract: An audio and video (AV) apparatus includes a player module for playing audio and video files, generating audio and video signals, and an internal display and an internal speaker. The AV apparatus further includes: a first switch for generating first instructions; an output module for being externally connected to output the audio and video signals; and a control module connected to the first switch. The control module being configured for disabling the internal display and internal speaker at receiving the first instructions at a situation that the output module is externally connected to output the audio and video signals, and disabling the internal display while keeping the internal speaker enabled at receiving the first instruction at a situation that the output module is not externally connected. A method for controlling the audio and video apparatus is provided as well.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 10, 2008
    Date of Patent: December 27, 2011
    Assignees: Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (ShenZhen) Co., Ltd., Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Chun-Lung Hung, Tao Wang, Shi-Ming Zhang, Wang-Chang Duan, Wen-Ming Chen, Pei Liu
  • Patent number: 8005344
    Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system, software system and method for manipulating multimedia broadcast presentations. Manipulating multimedia events offers users increased options in how they experience multimedia presentations. Thus increasing the overall multimedia experience and consequently user satisfaction. Utilization of the present invention allows the user to experience combinations of media previously unavailable. For example, in implementations of the present invention, users may option various combinations of audio and video; including the rate at which a user experiences the media. Further, the user may text search to find starting and stopping points for recording, viewing and pausing operations. The user play programming allows the user to customize how a single media, such as audio, is experienced.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 5, 2008
    Date of Patent: August 23, 2011
    Assignee: LSI Corporation
    Inventor: Daniel Watkins
  • Patent number: 7962012
    Abstract: A BD-ROM has recorded therein an AV Clip generated by multiplexing a video stream and a graphics stream. The graphics stream represents an interactive display to be overlayed with the video stream, and includes a sequence of three Button State groups. The interactive display includes a plurality of buttons, each of which changes from a normal state to a selected state, and from the selected state to an active state, according to a user operation. In the three Button State groups in the graphics stream, the first-order group (N-ODSs) is made of a plurality of pieces of graphics data, which represent normal states of the buttons, the second-order group (S-ODSs) is made of a plurality of pieces of graphics data, which represent selected states of the buttons, and the third-order group (A-ODSs) is made of a plurality of pieces of graphics data, which represent active states of the buttons.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 5, 2008
    Date of Patent: June 14, 2011
    Assignee: Panasonic Corporation
    Inventors: Hiroshi Yahata, Tomoyuki Okada, Wataru Ikeda, Joseph McCrossan
  • Patent number: 7836514
    Abstract: An apparatus, method and a computer program for processing multimedia data is described, where the apparatus may include an input switch which may receive a plurality of transport stream packets corresponding to a plurality of digital multimedia data signals input thereto, and a packet identification (PID) filter unit which may selectively output a given set of TS packets to be demultiplexed from the received plurality of TS packets. A buffer and/or an external memory device may store at least some of the TS packets of the output given set. A conditional access/content protection (CA/CP) unit may read and decrypt the TS packets stored in the buffer, and may encrypt at least some of the decrypted TS packets for storage in the external memory device if the buffer becomes full, to prevent the TS packets to be stored in the external memory device from being copied.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 20, 2004
    Date of Patent: November 16, 2010
    Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Seo-Kyu Kim, Mi-Jung Noh, Tae-Su Kim, Jung-Sook Lee, Hyun-Min Kim