Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical line terminal capable of communicating with a plurality of optical network units. The optical line terminal includes an obtaining unit that performs an obtaining process that obtains configuration information for each of the optical network units from another apparatus; and a configuring unit that performs a configuration process that transmits a part or all of the configuration information obtained by the obtaining unit to the each of the optical network units. The obtaining unit performs the obtaining process for each of the optical network units in an order determined according to a priority of the each of the optical network units.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a plurality of paths in a network from a source device to a destination device is identified. A predicted performance for packet delivery along a primary path from the plurality of paths is determined. The predicted performance for packet delivery along the primary path is then compared to a performance threshold. Traffic sent along the primary path may be duplicated onto a backup path selected from the plurality of paths based on a determination that the predicted performance along the primary path is below the performance threshold.

Abstract: Systems, mechanisms, apparatuses, and methods are disclosed for forwarding Inter-Switch Connection (ISC) frames in a Network-to-Network Interconnect (NNI) topology, for example, via a network switch which includes a first physical switch port to receive a physical switch link from a second network switch; logic to implement a first logical ISC and a second logical ISC? connection to the second network switch via the physical switch link; a second physical switch port to receive an interface connection from a third network switch; and switch forwarding logic to forward frames received at the first network switch to the second network switch via the logical ISC or logical ISC? based on whether or not the physical switch link is part of an active topology upon which the network switch operates or is not part of the active topology upon which the network switch operates. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A MSO deploying a standard OLT, and installed with ONUs to be used by customers to whom the MSO can connect using optical fiber. For customers that cannot be reached with optical fiber, the MSO deploys a converter between the optical fiber and the coax network so that the MSO can use the same standard OLT, and use CNUs for those customers attached to the coax network.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a handheld device and method for measuring the quality of an optical link, which are capable of simultaneously measuring the strength of an optical signal and the quality of an optical link at an optical network terminal in a Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) network. A presented handheld device for measuring a quality of an optical link includes an optical signal input port for receiving an optical signal, an optical power measurement unit for measuring a power of the optical signal, an output unit for outputting one or more of a measured power value of the optical signal and results of quality measurement of an optical link, based on interworking with an optical network terminal, and a control unit for storing the measured power value of the optical signal and performing a process for quality measurement of the optical link.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method and an apparatus for detecting an ONU, and a passive optical network system. The method includes detecting an identity code of an ONU in an open uplink empty window or an empty timeslot, and determining that an ONU corresponding to the identity code of the ONU is a rogue ONU according to the identity code of the ONU. A corresponding apparatus and passive optical network system are also provided in the embodiments of the present invention. In the passive optical network system, a rogue ONU is detected and determined quickly and efficiently, and an effect on an uplink service is reduced.

Abstract: Provided is a game apparatus which stores, in an outbox for individual-transmission data, individual-transmission data the destinations of which are individually specified, and stores, in an outbox for universal-transmission data, universal-transmission data the destinations of which are all terminals. A plurality of pieces of data is stored in the outbox for individual-transmission data, and information regarding the destination thereof and the information regarding the source thereof are added to each piece of data. When the outbox for individual-transmission data is full, all data stored in the outbox is retrieved, and one frame which includes the plurality of pieces of data is generated and transmitted.

Abstract: An optical access network comprises an optical network unit having a first port for connecting to a first optical link, a second port for connecting to a second optical link and an optical source. The optical source is arranged to generate a first optical signal, to transmit the first optical signal via the first port, to receive an optical seed signal via the first port and to amplify the optical seed signal. The optical seed signal has a narrower bandwidth compared to the first optical signal. A modulator is arranged to modulate the amplified optical seed signal with upstream data to form an upstream optical signal and to transmit the upstream optical signal via the second port. A polarisation modifier can modify polarisation of the first optical signal.

Abstract: To reduce a bandwidth required for an optical transmission path (30) in a base station system including an RAU (21) for performing MIMO transmission using a plurality of antenna elements and a BBU (11), in a communication control method of the present invention, the BBU (11) transmits antenna weight coefficient information indicative of antenna weight coefficients of a plurality of antenna elements (205) and a transmission signal, and the RAU (21) multiplies the transmission signal from the BBU (11) by each of the antenna weight coefficients to generate weighted signals of the plurality of antenna elements (205), and transmits the weighted signals from the plurality of antenna elements (205).

Abstract: Keys are generated at a memory device with a period of time elapsing between generation of each key. A request is received from a memory controller for the most recently generated key. The memory device communicates the first key to the memory controller. Access to nonvolatile memory on the memory device is locked. An unlock command with a second key is received from the memory controller. The memory device determines that the second key matches the first key and unlocks access to the nonvolatile memory in response.

Abstract: The physical layer of an optical line terminal (OLT) of an optical network is split across multiple fibers so that the OLT has a plurality of optical transceivers for respectively communicating across a plurality of optical fibers. Thus, each optical transceiver is in communication with a smaller number of optical network units (ONUs) relative to an embodiment for which a single optical transceiver is employed, thereby reducing the transmit power requirements of the optical network. Accordingly, less expensive optical components, such as lasers, can be used at the OLT and the ONUs. In addition, the split at the OLT is implemented digitally, and the digital components of the OLT are arranged such that various performance benefits are realized. As an example, the OLT may be configured such that data and/or overhead may be simultaneously transmitted in the upstream direction thereby increasing the upstream throughput and capacity of the optical network.

Abstract: Techniques, apparatus and systems are described for accommodating the optical network units (ONUs) having different nominal upstream bitrates on the same passive optical network (PON) system by making the specified burst preamble and the bandwidth map allocation record format invariant with respect to the nominal upstream bitrate of a target ONU. The disclosed techniques, apparatus and systems allow seamless evolution of the lower-bitrate services to higher-bitrate services offered to an end-user without need to upgrade the central office equipment. In addition they can avoid the adverse consequences of inadvertently connecting a high-upstream-bitrate ONU to a lower-upstream-bitrate network.

Abstract: A portable device is brought into a data center for testing connectivity between a customer and a service provider. A user of the device uses the device to requests ticket and customer information from a service provider in order to obtain more information about a particular task. The user plugs a cable into the device and performs a series of diagnostic tests on the connection. The device is configured to display the results of the diagnostic tests and any associated errors. The user of the device performs one or more actions based on the results of the diagnostic tests.

Abstract: Keys are generated at a memory device with a period of time elapsing between generation of each key. A request is received from a memory controller for the most recently generated key. The memory device communicates the first key to the memory controller. Access to nonvolatile memory on the memory device is locked. An unlock command with a second key is received from the memory controller. The memory device determines that the second key matches the first key and unlocks access to the nonvolatile memory in response.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method and an apparatus for detecting an ONU, and a passive optical network system. The method includes detecting an identity code of an ONU in an open uplink empty window or an empty timeslot, and determining that an ONU corresponding to the identity code of the ONU is a rogue ONU according to the identity code of the ONU. A corresponding apparatus and passive optical network system are also provided in the embodiments of the present invention. In the passive optical network system, a rogue ONU is detected and determined quickly and efficiently, and an effect on an uplink service is reduced.

Abstract: An optical line terminal (OLT) comprises a receiver configured to receive a first message, a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to process the first message, and generate a second message based on the first message, wherein the second message comprises an identification (ID) structure identifying a traffic-bearing entity associated with an optical network unit (ONU), and wherein the ID structure comprises a wavelength ID field, and a transmitter coupled to the processor and configured to transmit the second message.

Abstract: An optical line terminal (OLT) device and an implementation method thereof, relate to the field of a passive optical network (PON). The OLT device includes an interface unit for receiving data in an Ethernet format sent by a service processing apparatus, performing protocol processing on the received data in the Ethernet format, converting the data after the protocol processing into a transmission signal corresponding to a sending interface, and then transmitting the transmission signal to an external device, as well as receiving message data sent by the external device, converting the message data for protocol processing corresponding to the service processing apparatus, converting the signal after the protocol processing into data in the Ethernet format, and transmitting the data to the service processing apparatus; the service processing apparatus performing service processing on the data transmitted by the interface unit, and transmitting the processed data to the interface unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of tuning a signal received from a first network terminal at a second network terminal is disclosed. The method may include receiving the signal at the second network terminal. The signal may be operating at a first wavelength. The method may also include determining a port used to receive the signal at the second network terminal, and identifying a predetermined port wavelength used as a basis to shift the first wavelength to the predetermined port wavelength for subsequent signals received. The method may also include transmitting the predetermined port wavelength information to the first network terminal to inform the first network terminal to tune subsequent signals to the desired wavelength for the port.

Abstract: A network element operating in an Optical Transport Network (OTN) network and configured to adaptively preconfigure OTN connections includes one or more ports, each port including hardware supporting an Optical channel Transport Unit level k (OTUk) configured to transport an Optical channel Data Unit level k (ODUk) or one or more Optical channel Data Unit level j's (ODUj's), j<k; wherein, when a port of the one or more ports is installed with an idle connection, the port is automatically preconfigured in either a connection mode for the ODUk or a trail termination mode for the one or more ODUj's based on existing OTN connections in the OTN network.

Abstract: An Optical channel Data Unit flex (ODUflex) resizing method, node, and network include determining that the ODUflex needs resizing, wherein the ODUflex is configured in the network on a current path between the node and a second node in the network; when the resizing is a decrease, reducing a size of the ODUflex by i) a resize decrease operation using a control plane or ii) a Link Aggregation Group and Make-Before-Break operation; and, when the resizing is an increase, increasing a size of the ODUflex by i) a resize increase operation using a control plane or ii) a Link Aggregation Group and Make-Before-Break operation. The method provides hitless resizing without using ITU Recommendation G.7044/Y.1347 (10/11) and can perform the reducing or the increasing changing bandwidth of the ODUflex by approximately 100 G in less than a second.

Abstract: The invention relates to techniques for controlling a dynamic hitless resizing in data transport networks. According to a method aspect of the invention, a network connection comprises M tributary slots defined in a payload area of a higher order transport scheme of the data transport network and the method comprises the steps of receiving a connection resize control signal at each of the nodes along the path of the network connection; adding at each node along the path in response to the connection resize control signal a second set of N tributary slots to the first set of the M tributary slots, such that the network connection comprises M+N tributary slots; and increasing, after M+N tributary slots are available for the network connection at each node along the path, a transport data rate of the network connection.

Abstract: An optical access network comprises an optical network unit having a first port for connecting to a first optical link, a second port for connecting to a second optical link and an optical source. The optical source is arranged to generate a first optical signal, to transmit the first optical signal via the first port, to receive an optical seed signal via the first port and to amplify the optical seed signal. The optical seed signal has a narrower bandwidth compared to the first optical signal. A modulator is arranged to modulate the amplified optical seed signal with upstream data to form an upstream optical signal and to transmit the upstream optical signal via the second port. A polarization modifier can modify polarization of the first optical signal.

Abstract: An aircraft cabin management panel and an aircraft cabin management system including the aircraft cabin management panel. The aircraft cabin management panel includes a user interface and a control unit configured to communicate a control instruction to at least one of a plurality of cabin components provided in an aircraft cabin upon an input received via the user interface. The control instruction enables the at least one of the plurality of cabin components to perform an operation in accordance with the control instruction.

Abstract: A method, in an intermediate node in a control plane network, includes receiving a setup message from an originating node, wherein the setup message is sent towards a terminating node on a computed path in the control plane network, and the setup message indicates associated Layer 0 attributes; validating the associated attributes/constraints based on locally available resources; and performing one of: forwarding the setup message on the path towards the terminating node when validation is successful; forwarding the setup message on the path towards the terminating node with updated information indicating a rejection cause and additional information when the validation is unsuccessful, but a modification of the Layer 0 attributes/constraints is possible; and forwarding a release message on the path back to the originating node with updated information indicating a rejection cause and additional information when the validation is unsuccessful and no modifications of the Layer 0 attributes/constraints are possi

Abstract: Embodiments enable a network operator to use any (and a single) network management system (NMS) that it desires to manage a network having mixed fiber to the home optical network units (ONUs) and coaxial connected cable modems. For example, embodiments enable a cable company operator to use a DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification) NMS (which the cable company already uses to manage its DOCSIS network) to manage such mixed network, by a simple addition of a DOCSIS Mediation Layer (DML) module between the NMS and the optical line terminal (OLT). On the other hand, embodiments enable a telephone company operator to use a standard EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) OLT NMS with minor OLT and OAM (Operations, Administration, and Maintenance) protocol modifications to manage the same mixed network.

Abstract: A visible light communication (VLC) transmitting apparatus modulates source data to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol according to an OFDM modulation method, inserts a diffusion code that is allocated to the VLC transmitting apparatus into a frequency axis of the OFDM symbol, converts the OFDM symbol in which the diffusion code is inserted to a visible light modulation signal, and transmits the converted visible light modulation signal. Thereby, a signal of the VLC transmitting apparatus in which a VLC receiving apparatus wants can be easily detected.

Abstract: A server device is provided, which includes a reception unit receiving device identification information of a client device and user identification information of a user of the client device from the client device; a device determination unit determining whether or not it is possible to grant the user authorization to use a service on the basis of the device identification information; a user determination unit determining whether or not it is possible to grant the user the authorization to use on the basis of the user identification information; and a transmission unit transmitting information on the authorizable services of the services, for which it is determined that it is possible to grant the user the authorization to use on the basis of the device identification information and the user identification information, to the client device.

Abstract: Methods, software and apparatus for determining the quality of a wireless mesh network (ie a network comprising a plurality of access nodes supporting wireless communications both with user terminals and between themselves), comprises storing information relating to the access nodes, the information including whether or not each access node is a data sink (ie is connected to an external network, typically a wireline network with relatively higher capacity); determining measures of traffic flow on wireless links between said access nodes; determining measures of capacity on the wireless links; and determining the quality of the network in dependence on the stored information, the measures of traffic flow, and the measures of capacity.

Abstract: A dynamic readjustment of an energy efficient network control policy parameters in an optical network unit based on a Service Interoperability in Ethernet Passive Optical Network (SIEPON) protocol. The access link between the OLT and ONU has distinct properties that can be used to enhance the energy efficiency control policy on the network facing side of the ONU. In one embodiment, an adjustment mechanism can be based on the receipt, by an optical interface in an ONU, of a control command from an upstream OLT, wherein the control command is configured to provide a limitation on an available time period during which the ONU can communicate with the OLT over an optical fiber cable.

Abstract: A procedure, apparatus, system, and medium for transferring traffic across a packet network. In the procedure, a network element bundles a plurality of common (Synchronous Transport Signal) STS-Nc services included in a virtual concatenation group. The network element then transfers the traffic in accordance with the bundled plurality of STS-Nc services. In one example embodiment herein, the plurality of STS-Nc services are STS-1 services, and each bundle of STS-1 services is aligned to a timeslot boundary of an STS-3c service.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical transceiver, method of mapping, and method of management utilizing a plurality of Optical Channel Transport Unit layer k (OTUk) links to form an aggregate signal, such as, for example, 10 OTU2s to provide a single 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100 GbE) signal. Specifically, the present invention enables use of existing circuitry and methods at lower speed signals, e.g. 10 G, to support higher speed aggregate signals, e.g. 100 G. The present invention may be utilized to support carrier-grade OTN applications with optical transceivers such as, for example, pluggable optical transceivers. In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention includes a method which receives a plurality of signals, frames each of the plurality of signals into an OTUk frame, and manages/monitors each of the plurality of signals in an OTUk frame in the aggregate.

Abstract: A method includes sending image related working status information representing image-related working status of a projector that projects images, to a client over a network in response to a request to provide the image-related working status of the projector. The image-related working status is related to display characteristic of the projected image. The method includes controlling the image-related working status of the projector based on the control information received from the client over the network in response to the sent image-related working status information. The image-related working status information is sent to the client with screen information from which the client can display a user interface that includes the image-related working status information.

Abstract: A method and system for automatically discovering a flexible rate Optical Data Unit (ODUflex) bandwidth hitless resizing capability are provided in the present document. The method includes: a source end interface of a link sending link summary message to an opposite end interface of the link, wherein the link summary message carries information of whether the source end interface of the link supports the ODUflex bandwidth hitless resizing capability; after receiving the link summary message, the opposite end interface of the link feeding back message to the source end interface of the link according to said information or according to said information and whether the opposite end interface of the link supports the ODUflex bandwidth hitless resizing capability, the source end interface of the link determining whether the link supports the ODUflex bandwidth hitless resizing capability according to the message fed back by the opposite end interface of the link.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for performing a spectrum assignment and route selection algorithm in an optical WDM network. The optical WDM is assigned an optical band of frequencies. In accordance to the present invention, a new spectrum assignment in the optical band always adjoins a spectrum assignment previously allocated. The very first spectrum assignment may be made to start with one end frequency in the optical band. Given a spectrum demand, one or more spectrum assignments are identified and one or more feasible routes are determined. Among the one or more feasible routes, an optimal route may be selected based on a set of pre-defined criteria. The spectrum assignment and route selection algorithm disclosed herein reduces computational complexities and improves spectrum efficiencies.

Abstract: A redundant path configuration method and a control method are disclosed. An intercommunication path for mutually transmitting and receiving a signal is provided among the BHEs each of which is a top of a tree. When failures occur in an active system path in certain AE, a standby system path (BHE) relays communication between the AE and the (active system) BHE so as to secure continuity of communication. The intercommunication path through which a data signal does not flow in a normal operation is used as a traffic accommodation path in an emergency among the BHEs. By setting a bypass between the tops of the trees, when a failure occurs in one tree, a signal is transferred from the active system BHE to the standby system path in which another BHE is a top to build a sub-tree bypassing the failure point and to secure a communication path.

Abstract: A wavelength tuning time measurement apparatus and method for a multi-wavelength passive optical network (MW PON) are provided. The wavelength tuning time measurement apparatus for measuring a wavelength tuning time of a wavelength-variable light source included in the MW PON system includes an optical filter configured to pass only light of a certain wavelength bandwidth and a photo detector configured to sense light passing through the optical filter. The wavelength tuning time is a time taken from a time when a wavelength change signal is transferred to the wavelength-variable light source, to a time when light starts to be successively sensed by the photo detector.

Abstract: In a PON system, an ONU includes a receive buffer that stores therein a signal in a downstream direction transmitted from an OLT and a PON control unit that controls transition to a power-saving state and transition to a normal state for the reception buffer. The OLT includes a transmission buffer that stores transmission data to be transmitted to the ONU and the PON control unit that transmits the downstream power-saving-state transition request that requests the ONU to transition to the downstream power-saving state when it is determined that transmission data addressed to the ONU is not present in the transmission buffer. The PON control unit sets the reception buffer to a power-saving state for a predetermined downstream sleep time requested based on the downstream power-saving-state transition request.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system for reserving a connection's home path resources and restoring the connection on a link that includes a reserved priority bandwidth. A bandwidth advertisement indicating that the reserved priority bandwidth is available is analyzed and a restoration request requesting to route the connection on the link is sent. The reserved priority bandwidth is used to route the connection when the connection has a reserved home path on the link. When the connection has a reserved home path not on the link, a determination is made as to whether a normal priority bandwidth on the link is available and whether the connection is unrestorable on another link. The reserved priority bandwidth is used to temporarily route the connection when normal priority bandwidth on the link is unavailable and the connection is unrestorable on another link.

Abstract: A high dynamic picture transmission system is provided. The transmission system includes a coding unit configured to generate a standard bitstream and at least a second bitstream. The standard bitstream coding the pictures such that the luminance of each pixel is coded with a standard dynamic, and the second bitstream contains the information necessary to reconstruct the luminance of high dynamic pictures from the coded luminance with the standard dynamic contained in the standard bitstream.

Abstract: In the present invention, wasted power consumption caused when a clock and data recovery unit in an optical network unit in a PON system is activated from a power-saving state is reduced and rapid, secure communication is performed. A clock and data recovery unit includes a phase-locked loop that can be set to normal mode or power-saving mode and that includes a voltage-controlled oscillator and recovers a clock signal and a data signal from input signals. The clock and data recovery unit includes a reference clock multiplier circuit that multiplies a reference clock signal and outputs the multiplied reference clock signal; and a frequency training loop that includes the same voltage-controlled oscillator and performs synchronous oscillation training by the voltage-controlled oscillator using the reference clock multiplier circuit before the phase-locked loop transitions from power-saving mode to normal mode.

Abstract: A system and method for managing the optical layer network data communications of an optical fiber data network by an optical transceiver module is disclosed. The management of the optical layer network data communications comprising data link layer functions or layer 2 functions in an OSI model. Benefits include reduction in reduced cost of network deployments from consolidation of network equipment, such as switches, and reduction in power consumed as well as enabling point-to-multipoint network connections from previously only point-to-point network connection.

Abstract: An optical network including: a medium; at least one beam of optical waveguides extending over the medium; for each beam, interfaces between the beam and the processing units, respectively. The beam successively links the interfaces in a closed loop oriented in a certain direction of rotation of information. The communication units of each interface are transversely arranged in ranks increasing from the periphery to the interior of the beam. First and second optical waveguides start from different interfaces or end at different interfaces. The first optical waveguide links two communication units both of them readers and/or writers of different ranks in first and second respective interfaces. The second optical waveguide passes through a communication unit from the second interface of lower rank to that of the communication unit of said second interface through which the first optical waveguide passes.

Abstract: A method of configuring an optical network terminal (ONT) at a computer terminal is described. The method may include reading in an instruction including a persistent identifier and an ONT command, identifying the ONT within a database using the persistent identifier, packaging an optical communication command to be sent through an optical line terminal (OLT) using the ONT identified by the persistent identifier through the database, and sending the optical communication command to the ONT through the OLT. The instruction may be operable to configure the ONT. Identifying the ONT may include referencing the persistent identifier against a table including standard transient ONT identifiers stored within the database. The OLT may be optically coupled to the ONT using a passive optical networking.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods for allocating bandwidth to a plurality of traffic containers of a passive optical network. The method comprises receiving upstream data from a plurality of traffic containers of the passive optical network and passing the upstream data to a traffic manager. The method further comprises dynamically changing the allocated bandwidth based at least in part on the amount of the upstream data stored in one or more queues of the traffic manager.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for transporting deterministic traffic in a gigabit passive optical network. A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, an Optical Line Termination (OLT) for exchanging data traffic in a Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) having a controller programmed to generate a timeslot schedule for transport of a desired bandwidth of constant bit rate (CBR) data traffic by selecting one or more timeslots from periodic frame clusters operating according to a GPON Transmission Convergence (GTC) protocol. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: The optical module includes an optical component, a substrate, and a laser, an electro-absorption modulator, and a semiconductor optical amplifier that grow on the substrate, where: the electro-absorption modulator is located between the laser and the semiconductor optical amplifier; the laser is configured to output an optical signal after power-on; the electro-absorption modulator is configured to perform signal modulation on the optical signal output by the laser; the semiconductor optical amplifier is configured to amplify the optical signal modulated by the electro-absorption modulator; the optical component is configured to perform deflection and convergence for the optical signal amplified by the semiconductor optical amplifier and output the optical signal.

Abstract: A communications network, in one embodiment, includes a passive optical network (“PON”) network, user equipment (“UE”), and optical network terminal (“ONT”) plug to facilitate data transfer via an optical network. The PON network containing at least one fiber splitter and one optical line terminal (“OLT”) is capable of transmitting optical data. The UE having a high-speed electrical (“HSE”) port is able to process information based on electrical signals received from the HSE port. The ONT plug, in one embodiment, includes a modular electrical connector, a signal converter, and an optical and power hybrid (“OPH”) interface. The modular electrical connector contains at least eight (8) electrical contacts with eight (8) positions and can be inserted into the HSE port. The signal converter is used to convert optical signals received from the optical interface to electrical signals.

Abstract: A method of configuring transmission wavelengths in a passive optical network comprising a wavelength selective routing element between first and second locations. The method comprises: at a first location: a. iteratively generating and transmitting a first optical signal at different ones of a plurality of wavelengths until a second optical signal is received at the first location; and then b. ceasing transmission of the first optical signal and then recommencing transmission of the first optical signal at the wavelength being transmitted when the second optical signal was received; and at a second location, remote from the first location: c. waiting until the first optical signal is received at the second location; d. iteratively generating and transmitting the second optical signal at different ones of a plurality of wavelengths until the first optical signal is no longer received at the second location; and e.

Abstract: A computer system and method for transmitting LAN signals over transport systems. LAN signals are generated in any client LAN compliant interface. A transceiver receives the client LAN signal in the LAN format. The client LAN signals are not converted to a SONET transmission format at any time before reaching the transceiver. The transceiver then converts the client LAN signal to an internal electrical LAN signal before re-clocking the internal electrical LAN signal. The re-clocked internal electrical LAN signal is then re-modulated into a second LAN signal. The second LAN signal is then transmitted to a transport system.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for time division multiplex service protection. The method includes: on an OLT in a passive optical network, a working uplink port and a protection uplink port are set for a time division multiplex service and a protection group is created for the working uplink port and the protection uplink port; when a service flow protection for the time division multiplex service is triggered, the time division multiplex service flow is switched from the working uplink port to the protection uplink port, therefore realizing the protection for the time division multiplex service flow. The present application provides an uplink channel protection mechanism for important services in an access system, such as the time division multiplex service, which needs no protection switching protocol, and makes the service recovery time stand within 50 ms, thereby realizing fast and nondestructive recovery of the time division multiplex service.