Abstract: A method for the decontamination of a soil, sediment, or sludge containing toxic halogenated organic compound and containing water comprising the steps of mixing said soil, sediment, or sludge with a reagent capable of reacting with said halogenated compound and heating said mixture of soil, sediment, or sludge, and reagent in a reaction zone to an elevated temperature thereby forming a reaction zone vapor stream containing at least a portion of the water contained in said soil, sediment, or sludge and unreacted halogenated organic compound; condensing a portion of said reaction zone vapor stream under conditions suitable for the formation of a condensate stream containing substantially all of the halogenated organic compound in said reaction zone vapor stream, and a vapor stream containing water and trace amounts of said halogenated organic compound; recycling said condensate to said reaction zone; treating said vapor stream to remove trace halogenated organic compound and venting the so-treated stream to th

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of utilizing sewage sludge to form a stablized sterile or pasteurized material which can be used as fertilizer, as fill for land development, or as a cover in solid-waste disposal applications. Fluidized bed combustion residue, fly ash, or FBCR and fly ash are added directly to the sewage sludge exothermic heat is released and the mixture is cured in order to eliminate bacterial and other pathogenic agents. The mixture has a soil-like consistancy, making it spreadable. The mixture has both the nutritive benefits of sewage sludge as a fertilizer and alkalinity for treatment of overly acidic soil.

Abstract: A method of improving water retention characteristics of soil by using water absorption polymer, including the steps of forming a water impermeable layer in a subsurface layer of the ground, and providing a water absorption polymer layer in an upper region of the water impermeable layer. The method is executed by an apparatus for forming a water impermeable layer in a subsurface layer of the ground, the apparatus also being used to mix water absorption polymer in the soil in an upper region of the water impermeable layer, by an injecting apparatus having a drilling function.

Abstract: A process for constructing a self-sealing layer for landfills and waste dumps that use a base layer, cap layer, or liner to seal the area from water percolation through cracks or holes. A layer of soil is provided having specified characteristics which will become flowable under the effects of water moving through the layer. The soil is moved into the crack or hole by the water and accumulates until the breach is sealed. Geotextiles, otherwise known as textile mats, may be used inside the layer to reinforce the layer and enhance the self sealing effect of the flowable soil layer. Water glass and an appropriate gelling agent may be used in an embedding zone on either side of the mat to enhance and adhesion between the mat and the material in the cap, base, or liner.

Abstract: A system and method for establishing, maintaining or enhancing microorganisms utilized to remediate contaminated soil or groundwater which includes of a direct push rod or cylinder equipped with a fluid or gas delivery system. The system also includes computer-based monitoring capabilities which can monitor or control the subsurface events. Microorganisms, nutrient solutions, or gases such as air can be introduced into the subsurface environment of predetermined locations. The delivery device is a long rod or cylinder which is pushed into the ground via applied pressure at the surface. The internals of this device contain tubing or other means to deliver fluid through openings in the rod or cylinder to the surrounding environment. The fluid may be driven into the environment by surface pumps or gas pressure. The delivery rod or cylinder may be withdrawn for reutilization or left in place for continuous service.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of stabilizing the soil and preventing erosion. According to the invention such a method is characterized by treating the soil with a mixed product of a pre-gelatinized starch and 0.5-5% by weight, calculated on the dry starch, of a surfactant compound which contains an unbranched saturated alkyl group and is selected from the alkyl sulfates having 10-16 carbon atoms, the alkyl sulfonates having 10-16 carbon atoms and the fatty acid alcohols having 8-12 carbon atoms. The invention also relates to said mixed product.

Abstract: A method of reusing a slurry in a ground improving method, wherein a hardening agent is injected into the ground, and wherein the muddy water (i.e., the slurry which is discharged) upon working is regenerated and again used as an injection material; namely, a hardening agent. By measuring the physical amount indicative of the permeability characteristic of the hardening agent contained in the slurry, an amount of hardening agent contained in the collected slurry (i.e., an amount of hardening agent to be collected) is calculated. Since the amount of collected hardening agent is calculated simultaneously with the collection of the slurry, the amount of hardening agent to be newly injected can be controlled in a real-time manner on the basis of the latest data (i.e., numerical value).

Abstract: A method is shown for reducing the swelling action of sulfates in clay bearing soils while increasing the bearing strength values of the soils by treating soils having high sulfate content with a barium containing compound in an amount effective to react with the sulfate present in the soils, thereby forming less soluble reaction products and decreasing the tendency of the soil to form ettringite. The soil is further stabilized by the application of lime.

Abstract: A method is shown for capping a tailings pond of the type which receives fines-containing aqueous effluent from an industrial process. A mineral formulation is prepared by mixing together lime, a pozzolanic component, a sulfate component and water. The mineral formulation is applied to the surface of the fines-containing tailings pond and is allowed to harden to form a surface coating on the tailings pond.

Abstract: A process is provided for feeding cables, wires, pipes etc. through a wall in such a way that the water- and/or gas resistance of the wall is maintained and that later on additional cables etc. can be passed through. The process uses a sealing agent comprising an intimate mixture of a water-swellable substance such as a clay and a hydrophobic substance such as vaseline. The sealing agent can be placed in a tubular device for providing water-tightness when making a bushing in a partially porous wall.

Abstract: In the production of organomineral products which are used, in particular, within the scope of the process for stratum consolidation, it is a disadvantage that foams are, as a rule used which have inadequate strength and that, in addition, the hard polymer segments which are responsible for the strength of the organomineral products, do not contribute to the adhesion of the organomineral products, if they are used in situ for stratum consolidation. A process is disclosed for reacting organic polyisocyanates with epoxy resins in the presence of aqueous alkali-metal silicate solutions, the coreactants being used in an amount of substance ratio corresponding to the relationship ##STR1## so that foaming of the reaction mixture is prevented and an organic polymer structure containing oxazolidinone ring structures is formed which bears adhesion-improving OH groups.

Abstract: Decontamination of a beach or soil area that has hydrocarbon contamination including removing hydrocarbon contaminated sand or soil from an area; mixing the contaminated soil or sand with cement and water; and forming concrete from the mix.

Abstract: The invention comprises a selective plugging treatment with good penetration for acid diversion or water control. The fluid comprises a foamed delayed gelation system.

Abstract: A low-permeability zone analogous to natural low permeability zones is deliberately formed within a landfill, mine tailings or other cover system to prevent the migration of water or other substances into or out of the wastes being isolated. Natural low-permeability zones such as caliche, calcrete, silicrete or gypcrete are formed by natural processes including leaching, transport, and re-precipitation of slightly soluble minerals through the action of rain or other water percolating through the soil column.

Abstract: A sand consolidation method is provided for use in a borehole having an unconsolidated or loosely consolidated oil or gas reservoir which is likely to introduce substantial amounts of sand into the borehole and cause caving. After perforating the borehole's casing at an interval of the formation where sand will be produced, an aqueous solution of potassium silicate is injected into said interval. Thereafter, an alcoholic solution of hydrated calcium chloride is injected into the interval. A permeability retaining calcium silicate cement is formed in the interval. Injection of the potassium silicate and hydrated calcium chloride solutions is continued until the interval has been consolidated by the calcium silicate cement to an extent sufficient to prevent sand migration and thereby prevent caving.

Abstract: A process for producing a barrier seal in soil which must be in contact with an acidic water which has a pH below 5.5, wherein a trench is excavated in the soil and the trench produced is filled with a sealing concrete including water, a clay and an acid-resistant granulate with self-filtering properties, the sealing concrete additionally including an aqueous solution of sodium and/or potassium silicate and is devoid of any acidic or acid-generating matter liable to form a silicic acid gel with the silicate. The proportion of sodium and/or potassium silicate incorporated in the sealing concrete is sufficient to give rise to the formation of a leakproof local barrier when the sealing wall is locally subjected to the percolation of acid water originating from the surrounding soil.

Abstract: A method for the remediation of contaminated soils, in which, without transport of the soil to the surface, a loosening of the soil structure is achieved by progressively injecting a liquid under high pressure into at least one cylindrically shaped soil body. Besides loosening the soil the liquid also serves as a carrier and transport medium for at least one effective substance, which decomposes and/or converts the respective contaminant on site. By this method, the effective substances are uniformly distributed in the soil treatment zones and reach the contaminants even in heterogeneous soil structures.

Abstract: A barge has a submersible pump which pumps sea water from a depth of about three feet, heats the water, and uses a boom to direct the heated sea water on the rocks and sand on the beach. The oil which is washed from the beach enters the sea around the barge but is contained by a containment boom. The floating oil in the water around the barge is then recovered by conventional skimming techniques. The sea water from the pump is heated by oil-fired burners. The temperature of the water may be controlled by regulating the amount of heating oil fed to the burners or by varying the number of oil-fired heaters used. The boom is a 100 foot long articulated structure which can be moved across the beach at will to direct the hot water on any desired part of the beach. Either a series of nozzles producing high intensity fan sprays on a series of nozzles producing cone sprays may be selected.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the method of `in situ` collection and treatment of floating, sinking and dissolved contaminants in a soil environment which involves installation of wick-like drains in at least a portion of the waste site on the down-gradient side of in-ground water flow. The method more particularly involves the installation of pre-fabricated drainage strips in the form of wick drains which are installed vertically or inclinedly into the normal water table of the contaminated waste site. The depth of the wick drains which include porous and/or slotted channels are installed as deeply into the waste site as the normal in-ground water flow of the pollutants which affects its travel into the lower adjacent aquifer.In accordance with this invention, some of the wick drains which include porous or slotted pipes are employed for the injection of treating chemicals or reagents into the contaminated soil for its treatment in place prior to its normal flow into the aquifer.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of soil stabilization.It is aimed more precisely at a pulverulent product stabilizing soils in place, and its method of application. This product consists of the combination of a fatty amine such as distearyldimethylammonium chloride in powder form and of at least one pulverulent product chosen from cements, slaked limes, fly ash, water-repellents and their mixtures with compatible fillers and adjuvants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of rendering a soil or another material like a mortar, a binder, or a concrete impervious by injecting it with a silica solution. A finely ground powdered compound containing calcium with a solubility in water of between approximately 0.01 g/l and approximately 2 g/l is mixed into the silica solution, which has a ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O of between 1 and 1.3, before injection.

Abstract: In an apparatus for laying down a blanket of foam on a waste disposal landfill or the like, an enlongate manifold carried across the rear end of a vehicle delivers foam to nozzle assemblies which are spaced apart along the length of the manifold. Each nozzle assembly includes a holder in the form of a block with a first bore communicating with the manifold and bifurcating into second and third bores which communicate with nozzles having fan-shaped flat spray patterns. The axes of the bores generally define an inverted Y-configuration with the nozzle of the second bore arranged to spray the foam downwardly to one side and within a plane angled forwardly from a transverse vertical plane with respect to the direction of forward movement of the vehicle, and with the nozzle of the third bore arranged to spray the foam downwardly to the opposite side and within a plane angled rearwardly from the transverse vertical plane.

Abstract: Water supply contamination is reduced within a formation or eliminated in a flooding procedure utilizing an alkaline aqueous solution. Biodegradable polymer provides a desired viscosity and mobility. Biodegradable surfactant and alkali provide any needed interfacial tension reduction. Additives, e.g., chelating agents, can be utilized for solubilization of insoluble contaminants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of improving the ground of a large section area. A double pipe, having a first nozzle directed in the lateral direction and a second nozzle surrounding the first nozzle, is inserted into a hole dug in the ground. A ground improving agent is injected at high pressure from the first nozzle through one pipe of the double pipe. A reproduced slurry, obtained by reproducing grouted slimes, is injected from the second nozzle through the other pipe of the double pipe at a lower pressure than the pressure of the ground improving agent. While rotating, the double pipe is lifted up from under ground. The ground improving agent, injected at the high pressure, is surrounded by the reproduced slurry injected at the lower pressure. The frictional resistance between the ground improving agent and the sediments is reduced, the arrival distance of the ground improving agent is increased, and the abrasive effect is obtained.

Abstract: A method of forming a lateral barrier to downward flow of fluid contaminants through a porous subterranean formation. A fluid medium capable of maturing into an impermeable material over a period of time, such as an aqueous composition capable of forming a gel or an aqueous slurry of portland cement, is injected into the formation at a pressure greater than the overburden pressure, lifting formations located above the level of injection, thereby creating a laterally extending void filled with the fluid medium. The lateral extent of travel of the fluid medium is monitored by utilizing tiltmeter technology. The fluid medium subsequently hardens into an impermeable barrier to downward fluid contaminant flow.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for disinfecting sand with an electrolysate of sea water, whose concentration of chlorine equivalent is 200-2000 mg/l before redepositing sifted sand back on to the beach.

Abstract: Mine tailings containing iron sulphides can cause acidity in groundwater travelling down through the tailings, if the tailings ever become exposed to the air. In the worst case, if only an upper level of the tailings becomes exposed, the amount of acidity produced is as if the whole body of tailings were exposed, because ferric ions in the water seeping down from the vadose region to the still-unexposed anaerobic regions tend to cause oxidation of the sulphides below, as if they too had become exposed. A layer of organic carbon (in the form of wood chippings, seaweed, etc) is added to the body of tailings, just below the (stabilized) water table. Water seeping down from the vadose region encounters the carbon before reaching the anaerobic sulphides, and most of the oxidation-producing tendency of the ions in this water is dissipated on the carbon, by bacterial action, leaving the anaerobic sulphides below unchanged.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for improving the strength and impermeability of soils or engineering structures, which comprises the steps of:(a) applying to the site of the soil or of the engineering structure, an alkaline water glass solution comprising water glass in an amount of 15 to 40% by weight, calculated as dry substance;(b) allowing a time period to pass sufficient to permit the alkali present in the water glass solution to move by diffusion;(c) applying to the same site as in step (a), a silicic acid sol comprising SiO.sub.

Abstract: A gelling agent is added to a fast setting cement slurry comprising water, cement and anti-washout retarder and the mix is injected into a void containing running water and allowed to set to form rapidly a material of high compressive strength.

Abstract: A process for producing a barrier seal in soil which must be in contact with an acidic water which has a pH below 5.5 wherein a trench is excavated in the soil and the trench produced is filled with a sealing concrete including water, a clay and an acid-resistant granulate with self-filtering properties, the sealing concrete additionally including an aqueous solution of sodium and/or potassium silicate and is devoid of any acidic or acid-generating matter liable to form a silicic acid gel with the silicate. The proportion of sodium and/or potassium silicate incorporated in the sealing concrete is sufficient to give rise to the formation of a leakproof local barrier when the sealing wall is locally subjected to the percolation of acid water originating from the surrounding soil.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a subsurface zone having an increased bearing capacity in a preselected area of relatively soft soil is disclosed. A liquefaction generator is provided in the form of a plurality of interconnected perforated pipes forming a grid pattern which substantially extends over the preselected area. Air and water under pressure are supplied to the liquefaction generator while allowing it to sink within the soft soil to a subterranean layer of hard soil or rock. The air and water are continually supplied to the generator until the soil above it is in a state of liquefaction and thereafter a hardenable material and/or rock fragments are added to the liquified soft soil above the generator. Thereafter, the mixed soil and added material is allowed to solidify over a period of time. For sites containing areas of compacted material, cutters may be attached to pipes of the liquefaction generator to further break up the soil material.

Abstract: Surface layers of the earth contaminated with precipitates of alkaline earth metal sulfates including radium sulfate derived from subterranean waters brought to the surface of the earth, are decontaminated using an aqueous chemical composition including a polyaminopolycarboxylic acid such as ETDA or DTPA in combination with a synergist, preferably oxalate or monocarboxylic acid anion such as salicylate. The surface layers may be decontaminated in situ by applying the solvent to the earth to bring the precipitates into dissolved form after which the dissolved precipitates are leached into lower layers of the earth by percolation with water. Alternatively, the earth may be removed from its original site and decontaminated in a tank or lined pond after which the decontaminated earth may be returned to its approximate original site.

Abstract: A ground hardening material injector comprises a monitor connected to the top of an injection pipe, which monitor includes an upper injection means disposed in the side wall of the monitor and a lower injection means disposed in the opposite side wall of the monitor. The upper injection means further includes an inner injection nozzle for injecting compressed liquid and an outer injection nozzle for injecting compressed gas, and the lower injection means further includes an inner injection nozzle for injecting compressed ground hardening material and an outer injection nozzle for injecting compressed gas.

Abstract: Method of sealing a cavity formed in a rock against the passage of fluids without fracturing the rock, by placing wadding in the cavity and adding a supply of expanding chemical grout to effect a seal upon hardening.

Abstract: A method of modifying the structural integrity of material in a subterranean earth situs. The method comprises the steps of mechanically digging into the situs to break the material into pieces and, simultaneously, hydraulically admixing a modifying agent with the pieces by introducing the modifying agent into the pieces at a velocity in the range of from about 300 ft./sec. to about 2500 ft./sec. The method is particularly suitable for improving the strengh and load-bearing capacity of material in a subterranean earth situs. Also provided is a method of modifying the stuctural integrity of material in a subterranean earth situs and installing a pre-formed structural element therein.

Abstract: Process for disposal of a waste ash by addition thereto of sodium salts, preferably sodium sulfur oxide salt Na.sub.2 SO.sub.x where x is 3 and/or 4, in an amount ranging from 5-85 weight percent (dry basis) and adjusting the water percentage to within the range of 6-35%, preferably 15-28%. The coefficient of permeability of the ash and sodium salt is reduced from 10.sup.2 cm/sec to the "impermeable" standard of 10.sup.-6 and below. The preferred mixes also call for a smectite clay additive present in the range of from 0.1% to 5%. A flocculant in amounts of 0.01% to 1% can be substituted for about 3-5% of the water content. A principal source of the Ma.sub.2 SO.sub.x is sodium FGD waste, preferably from the use of Nahcolite (a natural mineral form of sodium bicarbonate) as an SO.sub.x sorbent in the Nahcolite FGC process. The resulting co-disposal process simultaneously renders the highly soluble Na.sub.2 SO.sub.x (10.sup.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing excavated soil to render it suitable as hardened backfill by mixing with the soil a cementitious substance and ice particles, the ice particles being used in lieu of the water normally required to react with the cementitious substance.

Abstract: A muddy borrow soil base material blasting nozzle which has a muddy borrow soil base material injection port having one end of throttled shape, a cylinder integrally provided at the end of the muddy borrow soil base material injection port, and an air intake port formed near the end of the injection port at the side face of the cylinder, the air intake port being used as an intake port of one or more threadlike, ropelike or tapelike continuous elements into the cylinder, and a process for preparing a vegetation bedrock using the muddy borrow soil base material blasting nozzle having the steps of press-fitting a muddy borrow soil base material into the blasting nozzle, blowing the threadlike, ropelike or tapelike continuous elements introduced by intaking from the air intake port of the blasting nozzle into the cylinder together with the muddy borrow soil base material from the discharging port of the nozzle toward the surface to be executed to prepare a plant germinating and growing bedrock.

Abstract: A method for sealing boreholes in the earth and particularly around well casings extending into boreholes in the earth comprises the placement of a plurality of discrete, liquid-absorbing annular sealing elements or disks formed of relatively dry, solid, particulate or granular liquid-swellable clay material, such as bentonite, or bentonite clay which swells in size upon contact with and absorption of liquid encountered in the borehole, The elements are characterized by a disk-like planar shape having parallel, flat opposing faces and a central hole slightly larger in diameter than the cross-section of a well casing when present in a borehole. The disks are placed successively on the well casing and move down into the borehole until a stack of disks of the desired height is formed to substantially fill the space or void between the well casing and the borehole wall.

Abstract: This invention relates to a multi-rods type of ground improvement apparatus to be used in ground improvement work. There are provided plural rods in parallel, excavation blades are mounted to the ends of the rods, the rods are provided with injection openings for a solidifying agent, and at least one link arm is loosely mounted to connect the rods. Between the excavating blades and lowest positioned agitating blades, a still or stationary corotating prevention wing is loosely mounted and both ends of the wing are extended so as to be aligned with ends of the excavation blades positioned at opposite sides of the plural rods.Clods dug by the excavation blades are fully crushed between the rotating excavation blades and the still or stationary corotation prevention wing and well mixed with the solidifying agent.Further, by providing screw type of pilot heads at the ends of the rods, advancing of the rods into the ground is improved when the ground is excavated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for stabilizing the clay minerals in reservoir rocks containing oil, in particular in rock comprising sandstones, sand, or marliceous sandstones as well as eliminating the electrostatic dispersion and swelling of the clays when steam injection is used for mineral oil exploitation. According to the process, cations capable of stabilizing the reservoir rock, having a hydrated diameter of 0.13 to 0.15 nm, preferably potassium and/or ammonium and/or zirconium ions are introduced in the form of a 0.01 to 5.0 N aqueous solution or in the form of a vapor mixture or a mixture of steam and gas(es).

Abstract: Method of treating subsurface layers of the earth for controlling movement of subsurface water and building strength of the subsurface layers characterized by injecting at a plurality of predetermined depths and at a plurality of predetermined spaced-apart locations a lime-fly ash slurry consisting essentially of water, particulate hydrated lime and particulate fly ash; the particulate lime and fly ash being present as particulate solids and a proportion of from twenty-five percent by weight of the water to as much as two hundred percent by weight of the water when employed along. The particulate solids comprise lime and fly ash in proportions ranging from three parts lime to one part fly ash to one part lime to ten parts fly ash. The injection is carried out by pumping the slurry of one of the particulate solids and water through a jet slurry mixing apparatus for aspirating in the other dry particulate solid. Preferably the fly ash will be aspirated into a slurry of the lime in water.

Abstract: A method of artificially sealing cracks, fissures or other voids in earth strata under alkaline conditions, or in alkaline structural materials. Sealing is effected by induced precipitation of calcium carbonate, usually in the form of calcite, either in alkaline rocks, in other rocks where alkaline groundwaters are present, or in structures of alkaline materials such as cement or marble. A number of examples are discussed for effecting the desired precipitation including application of aqueous solutions which affect either calcium or carbonate ion concentration, increasing pH by degassing of carbonated water and application of slurries of less stable forms of calcium carbonate (aragonite and vaterite) to result in precipitation of the more stable form (calcite).

Abstract: Composite mixtures comprise soil and from about 0.1 to 5 percent by weight of additive discrete fiber materials. A related method for improving the engineering properties of soil includes the steps of adding from about 0.1 to 5 percent by weight of discrete fiber materials to soil and mixing the materials and soil together to form a blend.

Abstract: Dirt tracks and other surfaces formed of particulate material are stabilized, to suppress dust formation, by incorporating an aqueous solution of a water soluble, low molecular weight, anionic polymer.

Abstract: A grouting rod is formed with a first channel, a second channel (or channels) surrounding the first channel and a third channel which is normally in communication with the first channel. A piston valve is vertically movably received in an upper portion of the third channel. When the piston valve is raised, upper lateral communication holes and upper discharge holes which are formed in the upper peripheral wall of the third channel are closed by the piston valve and concurrently the second channels are permitted to communicate with a lower portion of the third channel through lower lateral communication holes also formed in the upper peripheral wall of the third channel. When the piston valve is lowered, the upper lateral communication holes and upper discharge holes are opened and concurrently the second channel(or channels) is prevented from communicating with the lower portion of the third channel through the lower lateral communication holes.

Abstract: A grout material comprises a pulverulent body having a silicone coating portion formed on at least a part of the surface of a base material. The particle size of the pulverulent body ranges from 1 to 10 .mu.m. A grouting method using a grout material comprises the steps of boring a hole in a predetermined portion of an area to be grouted, supplying to the hole a powdery grout material containing a pulverulent body having a silicone coating portion formed on at least a part of the surface of a base material and thereby grouting the grout material into the periphery of the hole.

Abstract: The insitu method of detoxifying a hazardous waste impoundment to a desired degree at a first station thereon without contaminating the ambient atmosphere is carried out by an apparatus (U) that includes a power operated vehicle (V) that movably supports a frame (W) that has a confined space defining shroud (X) on the lower end thereof that is in sealing contact with the impoundment during the carrying out of the method. A power driven cutter (Z) when moved downwardly below the shroud (X) forms a vertical zone A of particled hazardous waste. Pressurized steam from a boiler (B) is discharged into zone A. Volatile toxic organic compounds in zone (A) flow upwardly into shroud (X). A blower (C) withdraws air, steam, toxic vapors and toxic gases from shroud (X) as a toxic stream and at a sufficiently rapid rate as to maintain a negative pressure within the shroud, with the stream after being freed of toxic components by a unit (P) being returned to zone A.

Abstract: Hazardous wastes are identified and treated in situ by forming a downwardly extending zone of particles in the waste. Toxic components in the waste are identified by injection of a pressurized fluid into the zone and capturing a sample of gases rising to the surface of the waste. At least one treatment agent is injected into the zone as appropriate until sampling indicates the particles of waste have been treated to a desired degree.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stabilizing a structure embedded in an earth formation by disposing the solidifiable liquid resin composition between at least an external portion of the structure and the surrounding earth formation, and solidifying the resin composition in intimate and static contact with both the structure and the formation, whereby the solidified resin is bonded to both the structure and the formation.The liquid thermosetting resin-forming composition contains 10-50%v polyglycidylether of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 10-88%v ethylacetate, 0-78%v butoxyloxitol, 2-20%v diethanoltriamine, 0-78%v xylene and 0-15%v dimethylaminomethylphenol.