Abstract: An I-patterned filling method for an initial stage of coal mining based on roof fracture characteristics is provided. A relationship between an overburden load borne by a main roof and an overhang size is determined based on principle of virtual work and a surgery theory when an overhang distance of the main roof reaches an initial weighting interval to enter a plastic limit state with an advance of a working face to obtain the initial weighting interval. An initial fracturing interval of an immediate roof is obtained in the same way. According to a subsidence law of the main roof in an inverted hip roof form, the filling is performed at a key position around an internal plastic hinge line through I-patterned three-strip filling. Size parameters of the I-pattered filling are designed to prevent the immediate roof and the main roof from being fractured.

Abstract: A method for treating soil is provided. The method comprises supplying a tube; making a borehole having a borehole depth in the soil; positioning the tube in the borehole at a first predetermined depth less than the borehole depth; introducing at least one first blocking element into the borehole at a second predetermined depth between the first predetermined depth and the borehole depth, the at least one first blocking element being configured to block the borehole in order to define an injection zone; and injecting an injection fluid into the injection zone while removing cuttings located between the tube and the lateral wall of the borehole.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rock bolt assembly including: an elongate bolt extending with distal and proximal ends; a tubular sleeve longitudinally extending between leading and trailing ends on the bolt so at least a proximal end portion projects from the trailing end of the sleeve; and a nozzle docking bush on the proximal end portion between the sleeve's trailing end and the bolt's proximal end. The bush has a cylindrical body between first and second ends, a central hole extending through the body, spaced-apart annular ridges on the cylindrical body, a grout distributing channel between the ridges, and an aperture in the channel connecting the channel and hole. The central hole includes a leading portion ending at the first end, sealingly receiving the trailing end. A trailing portion of the central hole ends at the second end and sealingly engages the bolt. Each annular ridge seals against a grout nozzle.

Abstract: A method for sealing a post-cast strip in a foundation with no gap includes the following steps: mounting steel plates, horizontal pipes and vertical pipes cooperatively layer by layer in a post-cast strip, respectively, such that the upper open end of each vertical pipe protrudes from the ground through the post-cast strip; pouring grout into the post-cast strip from the top of the post-cast strip after the end of the settlement of the foundation, and carrying out high-pressure grouting into the vertical pipe using grouting equipment simultaneously; delivering the sealing grout poured into the vertical pipe to the horizontal pipes, such that the sealing grout overflows from the grout outlets of the horizontal pipes to densely fill up existing gaps; and cutting off the portion of the vertical pipe above the ground after the post-cast strip is completely sealed, and levelling the top of the cut-off vertical pipe with concrete.

Abstract: A ground improvement apparatus includes: an inner shaft arranged inside an outer pipe and including a mechanism for rotating a crank at a rotation speed four times as fast as that of the outer pipe; agitation blades supported by the outer pipe so as to reciprocate in a radial direction of the outer pipe and including discharge outlets; and a slider crank mechanism for converting a rotation movement of the crank to a reciprocating movement of the agitation blades. A ground at a location where the outer pipe is penetrated and a solidifying material discharged from the discharge outlets are agitated and mixed with each other to form an improved body having a substantially rectangular cross section by rotating the agitation blades while advancing and retreating the agitation blades relative to each other via the slider crank mechanism by rotation of the crank.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a grouting apparatus. In detail, the present invention provides a grouting apparatus which injects a reinforcing material into an object in which an injection hole into which the reinforcing material is injected is formed, the grouting apparatus including: a pumping unit which pumps the reinforcing material to be injected into the object; an injection pipe which has one side connected to the pumping unit, and the other side inserted into the injection hole, and injects the reinforcing material conveyed by the pumping unit into the object; a vibration generating unit which generates vibration; and a vibration wire which has one end coupled to the vibration generating unit, and the other end extending along the injection pipe and coupled to a tip of the injection pipe, and transmits the vibration generated by the vibration generating unit to the injection pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus for remediation of soil includes a drum for storing chemical-permeation grout and a pump for pumping the chemical-permeation grout at a low pressure into a manchette delivery tube while the manchette delivery tube is inserted into the soil. There is a valve for controlling the low pressure and a meter for metering an amount of the chemical-permeation grout that is delivered into the soil.

Abstract: An arrangement for a down-the-hole hammer drill, for use in soil consolidation by jet grouting, and comprising a cylindrical machine housing, an impact mechanism driven by pressurised fluid that impacts onto a drill bit mounted in a chuck in the machine housing that allows reciprocating motion, whereby the machine housing has a central supply line for the driving fluid to the impact mechanism in which channels in the drill bit constitute outlets for used driving fluid. The machine housing is provided with a grouting nozzle for jet grouting, that the grouting nozzle is directed in a sideways direction and arranged at the periphery of the wall of the machine housing, that a rinsing channel for conducting a grouting mixture through the machine housing to the said grouting nozzle is arranged whereby the rinsing channel for the grouting mixture is separate from the supply line for the driving fluid of the impact mechanism.

Abstract: A rock anchor includes an elongate tubular body which extends between a first end and an opposing second end and a cartridge contains a multi-component adhesive system in the tubular body. The cartridge has a rigid tubular housing within which at least one compartment is defined, and in which is contained an adhesive component of the system. The at least one compartment yields to volumetrically reduce under fluid pressure created by a fluid input into the housing, to thereby extrude the adhesive components.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for injecting a material into soil. A material (3) which expands as a consequence of a chemical reaction is injected into the soil (2) through an injection bar (5). During injection, a quantity related to a feed volume flow of the injectable material (3) is monitored. When the quantity indicates that the feed volume flow has dropped below a determined limit value, a reaction regarding a procedure related to the injection follows.

Abstract: A method of inline mixing the exact amount of sodium silicate, catalyst and water to form a grout for injection into underground construction applications in order to eliminate waste of resources. The invention is comprised of a sodium silicate pump assembly and a water and catalyst pump assembly. A metering pump injects a catalyst into the water loop. The sodium silicate pump and the water and catalyst pump discharge lines are merged into one pipeline downstream. The single pipe is connected to a static inline mixer that ensures uniform mixing of all the components. The sodium silicate pump assembly and the water and catalyst pump assembly are hydraulically controlled. This allows an operator to vary the speed of the pump thereby controlling pump discharge.

Abstract: A method of effecting a stabilization and effecting a lifting of a portion of a footing of a building which includes the steps of effecting an introduction of water resistant plastics into soil and openings in the soil in the vicinity of the footing to seal these areas, then introducing a slow setting plastics catalysed monomer to beneath the footing at a very high pressure.

Abstract: The system and method to inject grout into a borehole uses a leader comprising opposite fore and aft portions, a pressure-bearing member between the fore and aft portions, and a leader passage extending from a fore opening at the leader fore portion to an aft opening in the leader aft portion. A tube is attached to the leader and connected to the leader aft opening. The leader is inserted into the borehole with the fore portion first. An impelling fluid is injected in the borehole downstream of the pressure-bearing member and exteriorly of the tube, resulting in pressure being applied on the pressure-bearing member and the leader consequently advancing towards the borehole bottom end, the leader carrying the tube with it to deploy the tube in the borehole. Upstream fluid located in the borehole upstream of the pressure-bearing member is evacuated out of the borehole through the leader passage and the tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to in-place soil stabilization. Specifically, the present invention relates a method and device for measuring the increase in subsurface earth pressure during the injection of a stabilizing agent into the soil. The rise in sensor pressure indicates an increase in soil strength and bearing capacity. Therefore, real-time monitoring of these pressures may serve as a guide during the injection process.

Abstract: A head includes an outer cylindrical body with at least one upper inlet for fluids, at least one outlet side nozzle and at least one helical duct having a helical central line. The duct connects the upper inlet to the nozzle and imparts the fluid flowing through it a helical motion about the longitudinal axis of the outer body towards the nozzle. The helical duct is progressively tapered towards the nozzle and includes a terminal length of the duct which is radiused to the nozzle in a tapered manner, both when viewed in cross-sectional planes parallel to the longitudinal axis and tangent to the helical central line, as well as when viewed in cross-sectional planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: Device (1) for consolidating soils by mechanical mixing and injection of consolidating fluids is designed to be connected to one or more drilling rods and to carry out operations of drilling and mixing. The device has a main body (10), one or more blades (30) (30?) (30?), which are mobile with respect to the body (10) and are constrained by cams (22) to a central structure (20) internal to the body (10). The device (1) has channels for the flow of fluids (40), which are connected in a liquid-tight way to at least one sprayer; a relative motion is generated between the central structure (20) and the external body (10) as a function of the pressure of a liquid introduced into the channels for the flow of fluids (40), which brings about opening of the blades (30) (30?) (30?).

Abstract: A plastic gel grouting material, which comprises a silica type non-hardening powdery material and water or a silica type non-hardening powdery material, a calcium type hardening developing material and water as active ingredients, is statically pressure-injected into a soft, loose or weak ground to thereby form masses derived from the grouting material per se in the ground, and concurrently therewith, to compact the surrounding earth and sand, thereby increasing density of the ground. A plastic gel grouting material is provided which loses its flowability with time or by dewatering to form masses derived from the grouting material per se in a ground and which comprises a silica type non-hardening powdery material and water or a silica type non-hardening powdery material, a calcium type hardening developing material and water as active ingredients.

Abstract: An injection head includes an upper inlet pipe (12) for receiving fluid from a set of tubular rods which can be mounted above the head, at least a first pipe (13) having a curved intermediate portion (14) which connects the upper inlet pipe (12) to at least one lateral injection nozzle (11), at least a second pipe (15) for conveying a fluid from the inlet pipe (12) to a lower outlet pipe (17) which can be connected to a drilling tool. The injection head also has valve (20-23) which can be actuated to cut off the flow of the fluid towards the lower outlet pipe (17). The valve is located in a position downstream of the upper inlet pipe (12) and above, or upstream of, the lateral nozzles (11) and the second pipes (15).

Abstract: A device and a method for surveying jet grouting piles in a subsoil, which is suitable for a drilling and grouting linkage assembly for creating a hole and a jet grouting pile in a region of the hole. A measurement device is integrated in the drilling and grouting linkage assembly and comprises a scanning element that is movable from a retracted position to an extended position. The scanning element is deflected inside the measurement device through a retraction and extension housing mounted on the measurement device. The scanning element comprises at least in segments a shape-memory alloy.

Abstract: A directional fracture grouting method with polymer for seepage control of dikes and dams includes the steps of: arranging a plurality of directional fracture grouting holes at a predetermined distance along the axis of the dike or dam; forming the directional fracture grouting holes by pushing a special drilling tool; placing a hole-sealing grouting pipe and a fracture grouting pipe into each of the directional fracture holes; and injecting including the steps of firstly injecting a small amount of polymer material into the sealing-hole pipe, and secondly injecting predetermined amount of material into the fracture grouting pipe. Under the chemical reaction, the mixed material expands, fractures the soil along the guided directions, and forms a super thin polymer segment. Finally, the polymer segments are overlapped each other, and the seepage control system is constructed inside the dike or dam.

Abstract: A grouting system for anchoring a reinforcement in a mine includes a package that is a tubular member formed of polymer film and has discrete first and second compartments. Hardenable cementitious material that is a hydratable substance and water is disposed in the first compartment. A method of forming a resin grouting capsule includes: injecting a hardenable material into a first compartment of the capsule having resin mastic; wherein the hardenable material does not substantially react with the resin mastic when injected into the first compartment. Another method of forming a resin grouting capsule includes: injecting a hardenable material into a first compartment of the capsule having catalyst mastic; wherein the hardenable material does not substantially react with the catalyst mastic when injected into the first compartment.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for releasing a chemical in a well bore are disclosed. One apparatus includes a curved member configured for coupling to a casing, and a hollow member is connected to the curved member. A chemical container is disposed, at least in part, within the hollow space, and the hollow member extends at least partially around a hollow space.

Abstract: The invention concern an arrangement for a down-the-hole hammer drill (1), particularly for use in soil consolidation through a process known as “jet grouting”, and comprising a principally cylindrical machine housing (2), an impact mechanism (3) driven by pressurised fluid that, mounted in the machine housing, is arranged to give impacts onto a drill bit (5) fixed mounted in a chuck (4) in the machine housing in a manner that allows reciprocating motion, whereby the machine housing has a central supply line (6) for the driving fluid to the impact mechanism in which channels in the drill bit constitute outlets for used driving fluid.

Abstract: Equipment serves to form consolidated soil columns having a non-circular cross-section, and includes a mast (2, 8), a rotary (3) which is rotatable and translatable along an axis parallel to the mast, a series of hollow rods (4) temporarily unlockable from the rotary (3), and a device to vary the rotational rate of the rotary in one or more prefixed angular ranges. A rotor (21) is directly secured to one of the rods of the string and operatively coupled to a device (20) generating control signals to vary the rotational speed of the rotary in response to the rotor angular position. A through clamp (10) is mounted to the rotatable mandrel of the rotary and is provided with locking members which can be activated to clamp a rod and make it integral to the rotary, and which can be deactivated to release the rod so as to allow the rotary to move relative to the rod.

Abstract: A packer structure for grouting injects a repair liquid into a crack of a concrete structure. The packer structure includes a packer body having a flange adhered onto the crack and a central tube extending upwards from a central portion of the flange, an elastic tube having a first end connected to a first coupling portion of the central tube, a repair liquid injecting tube having a second coupling portion connected to a second end of the elastic tube and a check valve coupled to the repair liquid injecting tube and preventing the repair liquid from flowing backward; a first coupling cap having an inner circumference surface of a lower portion screwed to the central tube, and a second coupling cap having an inner circumference surface of an upper portion screwed to the repair liquid injecting tube.

Abstract: The pistol is used for injecting through a hole a sealing product formed by a mixture of at least two solutions. It comprises a tubular injection system which is fed, notably under pressure, with each of said solutions, and which ends with an injection head capable of penetrating into the injection hole. The tubular system includes for each solution, an independent transfer conduit emerging from the end of the injection head, so that the mixing of the solutions is performed outside the injection head. Preferably, the first transfer conduit is a tube with a circular cross-section and the other transfer conduit(s) has(have) an annular cross-section, being delimited by one or several tubes arranged concentrically around the first transfer conduit.

Abstract: A jet grout injection device is provided for depositing liquid grouting materials using a high pressure jet, that is compact and rapidly assembled and powered by an air compressor for safety considerations. An injection pipe and a high pressure swivel are connected with high pressure steel reinforced hydraulic hose to a grout pump. The high pressure swivel can withstand a range of 0-6000 psi. The injection pipe is rotated using two (02) 45° degree miter gears to transfer the rotation from the gear speed reducer. The air motor receives air from a compressor at a range of 0-100 psi and 0-180 cfm, the air motor 4 provides the torque to the gear speed reducer 3 that converts the rotation of the miter gears 1 to low speed 1-3 rpm with high torque. The device allows access to small rooms in subways, for example, that are buried under various structures or even rivers, that would be excessively expensive to access with a drilling rig on the ground surface, especially in urban environments.

Abstract: A high pressure jet grouting device generally employed with a portable stand comprised of a vertically adjustable shelf forming a platform for attaching an air motor, reduction gearing box and a releasable right angle gear box. High pressure air is pumped to the air motor and a grouting pump, the air pressure is used to turn the right angle gear and a rotatable pipe inside a casing pipe. The grouting material under pressure from the air compressor is pumped through a hose to a swivel connection on the end portion of a rotating pipe to inject the grout into the ground from a spray nozzle located at the opposite end of the rotating pipe inserted in the ground. A rotating roller bearing is provided between casing pipe and the rotating pipe. The device is small and does not require a heavy drill rig as the drilling operation is separately performed from the grouting process.

Abstract: A method for treating soils, in particular water-sensitive dry soils, comprising burying a treatment liquid, optionally loaded with a suspended material into trenches and a device for implementing the method. The device comprises a transportable chassis (2), a reservoir and hollow dispensing tines (1). The dispensing tines comprise a vertical supporting portion (3) which connects the dispensing tines (1) to the chassis and a horizontal share portion (4), including a spike (5) prior to penetrating into the soil, and a rear dispenser (6).

Abstract: A steel pipe ground reinforcement of the present invention is driven into a ground and injects a grouting material into the ground. The steel pipe ground reinforcement includes: a recess portion and a smooth portion that are arranged on an outer peripheral surface thereof; and a plurality of through-holes that are arranged in the recess portion or the smooth portion that communicates between the inside and outside of the steel pipe ground reinforcement.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for forming an in situ subterranean soil cement structure wherein a soil processing tool incorporates a novel cyclonic mixing region. The cyclonic mixing region is formed by deflecting a jetstream which initially moves away from a hollow Kelly and, after being deflected, the jetstream is redirected into a direction flowing towards the hollow Kelly. A contoured flight is provided having an exterior contoured surface extending upwardly from a central section of the contoured flight and bends through an angle greater than 110° in order to deflect a jetstream which is directed outwardly from the hollow Kelly back towards the hollow Kelly. By preventing any of the high pressure jetstreams from impacting the side wall of the hole, higher jetstream velocities and pressures may be utilized. Two or more jetstreams may also be utilized to direct their jetstreams around a central horizontal axis to provide the cyclonic mixing region.

Abstract: A sand slurry injection system and/or method can include mixing a drilling mud inhibitor with water to form a water mixture; mixing the water mixture with sand to form a sand slurry; and injecting the sand slurry into an unstable ground subsurface area to stabilize the area. The water mixture can be pumped under pressure into the bottom and/or into the middle of the hopper to help maintain the sand slurry in suspension. The water mixture can be pumped into two opposed injection ports at each of the bottom and the middle of the hopper. The two upper injection ports can be oriented at a 90 degree angle from the two bottom injection ports.

Abstract: A hole (6) is provided in soil or a structure, and an injection bar (1) having a fillable expansion element (2) in connection therewith is arranged into the hole. A substance which expands as a consequence of a chemical reaction is injected into the expansion element (2). The expansion element (2) filled with the reacted substance condenses, fills or replaces surrounding soil or lifts as well as stabilizes ground-based structures. A force pressing the expansion element (2) against the soil is generated by the chemical reaction which expands the substance injected into the expansion element (2).

Abstract: Provided is a packer structure for grouting which is used to inject a repair liquid into a crack of a concrete structure, the packer structure including: a packer body including a flange adhered onto the crack by a sealer, wherein a groove portion accommodating the sealer is formed on a lower surface of the flange, and a central tube that is a hollow tube extending upwards from a central portion of the flange, wherein a first coupling portion is formed at an upper portion of the central tube, has an external circumference that decreases upwards, and includes a first inclined surface; and an elastic tube having a first end connected to the first coupling portion, wherein the elastic tube inflates and deflates elastically, a repair liquid is contained in the elastic tube while the elastic tube inflates, and the repair liquid is injected into the crack by a deflation force; a repair liquid injecting tube including a second coupling portion connected to a second end of the elastic tube 20, having an external circ

Abstract: A method for increasing the load-sustaining capability of structural elements in soil, wherein metallic rostrums are positioned in a hole in the soil and subsequently extruded telescopically to force them to penetrate into the surrounding soil at a desired depth and inclination. Mortars or consolidation mixes may be injected through the rostrums to fill a volume in the soil to form reinforcement bulbs.

Abstract: A method of soil improvement work drills the ground with a drilling head arranged at a lower end of a rotary shaft and sends the rotary shaft into the ground. The method mixes pressurized water with compressed air on the ground, to prepare a fluid mixture, feeds the fluid mixture through a feed path arranged along the rotary shaft into an ejector arranged on the drilling head, and ejects the fluid mixture from the ejector toward the ground to drill. An envelope defined by a front end of the drilling head has a conical shape.

Abstract: A plastic gel grouting material, which comprises a silica type non-hardening powdery material and water or a silica type non-hardening powdery material, a calcium type hardening developing material and water as active ingredients, is statically pressure-injected into a soft, loose or weak ground to thereby form masses derived from the grouting material per se in the ground, and concurrently therewith, to compact the surrounding earth and sand, thereby increasing density of the ground. A plastic gel grouting material is provided which loses its flowability with time or by dewatering to form masses derived from the grouting material per se in a ground and which comprises a silica type non-hardening powdery material and water or a silica type non-hardening powdery material, a calcium type hardening developing material and water as active ingredients.

Abstract: A drilling and anchor-setting tool (1) for mine, tunnel, and underground works for setting an anchor (5) in a borehole and provided with a core bit and with single-or multi-component adhesive mass (6), with the tool including a housing (2) having a chamber (4), and an extrusion device (3) for forcing the adhesive mass (6) out of the anchor (5) when the anchor (5) is located in the borehole, and integrated in the housing chamber (4).

Abstract: A pressing-out apparatus (4) for pressing out a mass from a self-drilling, chemical composite anchor (2) for mining and tunnel construction has a pressing device arranged in a housing (21). The composite anchor (2) includes an anchor tube (5) having one end (6) with a drilling head (7) and one free end (8) and can be drilled into the receiving material by means of a motor (3). The pressing-out apparatus (4) is operatively coupled with the motor (3) and with the free end (8) of the anchor tube (5).

Abstract: Method and apparatus to produce in-situ pilings, controllably injecting binder and water into soil formation in which the piling is to be formed, the quantities of water and binder being respective to strength demands for the piling, and to demand for water to supplement existing water to react (hydrate) with the binder.

Abstract: A foundation member in the ground includes a soil working implement for loosening soil material in a soil area, a supply device for supplying a liquid to the loosened soil material and a mixing device for mixing the loosened soil material in the soil area with the liquid to form a settable suspension as well as a removal device for removing suspension from a first section of the soil area and a return device for returning at least part of the removed suspension to a second section of the soil area. A method for making a foundation member in the ground is also provided.

Abstract: A rapid-set injection system using high-speed jet fluid for forming a pile-shaped solid body in the ground has an injection rod which does not jam in the ground and which has two or three jet nozzles so that the injection rod linearly excavates the target ground. The injection rod has an excavating bit provided at a lower portion of the injection rod to inject downward a fluid to the outside of the injection rod in criss-crossing diagonal directions, with a drill bit coupled to a lower end of the excavating bit, a first agitating unit mounted to an upper end of the excavating bit to inject desired materials to the outside of the injection rod at different levels in different diagonal directions, and a second agitating unit mounted to an upper end of the first agitating unit to horizontally inject air to the outside of the injection rod.

Abstract: The invention is a system for managing a plurality of areas of interest of a golf course. The system comprises a plurality of electromechanical subsystems and a programmable master control module. Each subsystem provides to a specific area at least one of air under pressure and a partial vacuum. In each area of interest, a local control module is responsive to a directive and to a datum. The local control module is configured to operate the subsystem and is in communication with the programmable master control module. The programmable master control module receives from at least two of the plurality of local control modules information representing a status of the respective specific area to which the local control module is dedicated, and in response to the information and to a command, the programmable master control module issues a directive to the local control module to operate the electromechanical subsystem.

Abstract: An injection vessel for injecting liquid amendment into contaminated subsurface sediment in ecologically sensitive areas such as shallow water salt marshes, tidal flats, or fresh water wetlands is disclosed. The injection vessel described herein includes a shallow-draft floating platform that has an injection system mounted thereon. The injection system includes an injection grid containing a plurality of injection syringes that receive liquid amendment from a metering pump. The injection grid is lowered such that the output of the injection syringes is within the contaminated sediment. The metering pump provides the liquid amendment to the injection syringes and a fluid path is established that injects the liquid amendment into the contaminated sediment. A propulsion system mounted on the floating platform provides for locomotive and maneuvering power.

Abstract: A soil aerating machine includes in combination a skid-steer and a basket resembling a loader bucket adapted for attachment to the skid-steer boom. An air pressure tank, an elongate air nozzle pipe, an air hammer, and air control valves for the air nozzle pipe and air hammer are carried within the basket. The elongate air nozzle is attached to the basket using a pivotal bearing surface, which permits controlled motion therebetween. The air hammer is used to assist with the driving of the elongate air nozzle pipe into an earthen medium. A blast of air is then released through the air nozzle pipe into the earth, to loosen and aerate packed or clogged soil. A method of restoring a septic system using the preferred apparatus is also described, as are various alternative apparatus and method steps.

Abstract: Present in a tail shield (1) for a shield tunneling apparatus are a number of grouting lines (3) that are open to a tail shield end (4) and that can be supplied with filling material for grouting a ring gap (7) with the filling material, such as mortar, for example. In addition, additive material lines (8) that can be supplied with additive material are present, which empty into the grouting lines (3) in an end segment (12) of said grouting lines (3). As a result, an additive material, such as a solidification accelerator, for example, can be added immediately before the mixture is discharged into the ring gap (7), so that the risk of a blockage in the grouting lines (3), which are not accessible in the region of the tail shield end (4), is relatively low.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving soft ground, in which cement slurry is vigorously discharged from an injection rod by highly pressurized air, thus allowing hardening agent to evenly infiltrate the soft ground, is disclosed. The apparatus includes an injection rod (20) having an injection pipe (10) into which fluid is introduced, and an outer casing (12) disposed around the injection pipe (10) with an air feeding path (14) therebetween, one or more injection holders (40) coupled to an outer surface of the outer casing (12) to be positioned at different levels and to be inclined downward, and a bit (30) coupled to a lower end of the injection rod (20), and having jet holes (60, 60a), which are inclined downward and in which inclined jet nozzles (70, 70a) are inserted, and a cutting water nozzle (74) provided at its center.

Abstract: A common feature of the method and apparatus for multipoint grouting resides in using a multiple injection apparatus having a plurality of unit pumps in one plant, driven independently of each other and controlled by a centralized control device. The plurality of the unit pumps are connected through ducts to a plurality of injection pipes each having an outlet, inserted in a plurality of injection points in ground. By operations of the plurality of the unit pumps, ground improving material is injected from the plurality of the outlets into the plurality of the injection points in the ground.

Abstract: An apparatus and a process for injecting fluids while prevents backflow are provided. The apparatus comprises a) a hollow core pipe with an open end and a closed end, and containing exit ports in the peripheral wall that are closed when there is no, or low fluid pressure; b) a stationary valve seat, fitted in the pipe; c) an axial sliding plug, disposed to be received in the valve seat where there is no or low fluid pressure thereby closing the exit ports wherein an increase in fluid pressure causes the plug to slide toward the closed end and the opening of the exit ports; and d) a spring held in place between the slidable plug and the closed end, the spring continuously urging the plug in a direction away from the closed end.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a system and a method for injecting a composition into soil. The composition is passed under pressure into a filler tube housed within an expandable element situated in a first hole. When the composition is pumped, therein the filler tube is raised and, the expandable element expands when the composition fills the expandable element, thereby solidifying the adjacent soil. Further, due to expansion, the structure above the ground is lifted. The rate of pumping the composition into the filler tube is determined by pressure of the composition, the type of soil, or by the chemical reaction detected by a first sensor and/or a second sensor present in a second or third hole. The material injected into the ground improves the soils beneath a structure, such as a house to create a resistance once the material permeates the soil and expands.