Abstract: A method for producing a high temperature, high strength bond between a ceramic shape and a metal substrate, such as joining a ceramic cap to a piston for an internal combustion engine. The composite joint is effected through the use of a ceramic preform fabricated using fibers, whiskers, platelets or sponge-like particles having the same composition as the ceramic body. The preform is joined to the ceramic shape by using a ceramic slip having a ceramic corresponding in composition with the ceramic body, with this juncture being heated to achieve a secure bond. The preform is joined to the metal substrate by first infiltrating the preform with molten material corresponding to the substrate, and then pressure bonding the infiltrated preform to the substrate after the molten material has solidified. The substrate can be metal or metal alloys. An example is given for the bonding of silicon carbide to a 300 series aluminum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite product of substantial length for the treatment of metal baths which is formed by a tubular metal casing (2) within which are housed the treatment material or materials in powder form and which comprises an axial zone (4) containing a first material surrounded by a tubular metal intermediate wall (3) and an annular zone (6) between the casing and the intermediate wall and which also contains a second material.Such a composite product in which the axial zone contains at least one element selected from calcium and magnesium can be used in particular for the desulphurization of iron or steel baths.

Abstract: A container for holding powdered metal is formed by electroplating a layer of metal over a pattern having a configuration which corresponds to the configuration of an article to be formed. A rigid core is surrounded by the pattern material and the layer of metal. The pattern material is removed from the layer of metal to form a container in which the core is disposed. The core and container may be held against relative movement by gripping the core with the layer of metal or by pin elements extending between the core and layer of metal. The container is filled with metal powder. The metal powder is cold compacted to plastically deform the particles of metal powder without significant bonding between the particles of metal powder. The metal powder is cold compacted by exposing the container to fluid at a relatively low temperature and high pressure.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of manufacturing a composite body. A bonding portion is formed in a sintered ceramic body. A metal body obtained from a powder containing a metal powder as a main component is combined with the ceramic body. The assembly is sintered and the ceramic body and the metal body are physically bonded at the bonding portion.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing metal products from a powder (19) which is received in a mould cavity formed by a gas-tight casing (10, 11, 12, 13) and is isostatically hot pressed in the casing to form a monolithic body. A body (14) of graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, or another similar ceramic material is provided as a core in the mould cavity, and after the isostatic hot pressing this core is removed from the produced monolithic body by blasting.

Abstract: A sintering method and fusion welding method of the present invention are characterized in that energy is radiated to the black component of starting materials so as to convert it from the state of an energy absorber to the state of an energy reflector (the state where metallic luster is exhibited). The methods can be utilized effectively for forming the electrode of a sensor or the bump of an electronic component. When applied to the production of the sensor and the electrode, the methods can produce these products by a simple production process and with extremely high producibility.

Abstract: Particles are sinter-fused onto the surface of a prosthesis shaft of titanium or titanium alloys. Before sinter-fusing, a coating material which forms below the .alpha.-.beta.-transition temperature a liquid phase with the material of the prosthesis and particles is applied to provide a coating between the shaft and particles.

Abstract: A process for producing flat products from gas atomised particulate material comprises the steps of forming a relatively smooth castable slurry comprising a suspension of such particulate material in a solution of film-forming binder material, depositing a coating of the slurry onto a substrate or support surface and drying the coating to form a flexible flat product. The dried flat product may be bonded onto the substrate or support surface by the drying process or, alternatively, may be removed therefrom and roll-bonded to a suitable substrate for subsequent compaction and sintering.

Abstract: A softer metal such as aluminum, or a metal forming a metal aluminide, or an alloy containing these metals is added to a metal aluminide composite during fabrication to promote easy consolidation of the metal aluminide matrix with the reinforcing phase. The metal aluminide may be titanium aluminide, nickel aluminide, or iron aluminide. The softer metal, the metal aluminide matrix, and the reinforcing phase are pressed together at a temperature above the softening temperature of the softer metal. The softened metal promotes flow and consolidation of the matrix and the reinforcement at relatively low temperatures. The composite is held at an elevated temperature to diffuse and convert the soft metal phase into the metal aluminide matrix. By consolidating at a lower temperature, cracking tendencies due to thermal expansion differences between the matrix and reinforcement is reduced. By consolidating at a lower pressure, mechanical damage to the fibers is avoided.

Abstract: A method of producing clad metal comprises the steps of forming a cladding on the surface of a metal substrate by subjecting powder of a metal which is of a different type from that of the metal substrate and is selected from among Ni-base alloys, Co-base alloys, Ti-base alloys, Fe-base superalloys and stainless steels to hot isostatic pressing under a gas pressure load of not less than 300 Kg/cm.sup.2 at a temperature not higher than the solidus thereof, thereby to obtain a composite material, and elongating the composite material by hot working. Optionally the composite material is subjected to soaking or solution treatment before being subjected to hot working.

Abstract: A composition for fixing a metal powder molding at sintering, which is used, in the case of disposing a metal powder molding formed by rolling a mixture of a metal powder and a synthetic resin-based binder on a metal base material and sintering the metal powder molding in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, to adhere and fix the metal powder molding onto the base material until the metal powder molding is sintered interposing between the metal powder molding and the base material, comprising a polyimide liquid composition containing a polyimide precursor and an organic solvent as the essential components.

Abstract: An improved method for the continuous fabrication of metal-hydride, electrochemical, hydrogen storage alloy, negative electrodes for use in rechargeable nickel metal hydride cells. The improved method comprises the steps of providing measured amounts of powdered metal hydride electrochemical hydrogen storage alloy material and disposing said material upon a continuous wire mesh screen substrate. Thereafter, the powdered metal hydride electrochemical hydrogen storage alloy and wire mesh screen are subjected to a compaction process wherein they are rolled and pressed so as to form a single integral electrode web which is subsequently exposed to a high temperature sintering process in a chemically inert environment. The sintering process is designed to drive off excess moisture in the material while discouraging oxidation of the electrode web and set the electrode web state of charge.

Abstract: A method for forming non-equilibrium and/or metastable metallic or non-metallic powder, foil or fine wire material into a solid body comprises charging the material into a metal container, subjecting the metal container containing the material to rolling at a temperature at which the inherent properties of the material are maintained, and thereafter removing the metal container.

Abstract: A process for making a composite bearing material comprising a steel backed, prealloyed, lead-bronze sintered powder metal matrix whereby the first sinter step includes induction heating the prealloyed powder and steel backing to above 650.degree. C. and thereafter sintering the same at temperatures of about 850.degree. C. in a second sintering furnace. A composite bearing material made by the same process and comprising a lead particle size averaging less than about 8 microns and having no lead islands larger than about 44 microns.

Abstract: The method for fabricating a metal body having a flaw of predetermined size and shape located therein comprises placing half of the metal powder required to make the metal body in the die of a press and pressing it to create a flat upper surface thereon. A piece of copper foil is cut to the size and shape of the desired interior crack and placed on the upper surface of the powder and centered in position. The remaining powder is then placed in the die to cover the copper foil. The powder is first cold pressed and removed from the press. The powder metal piece is then sintered in a furnace at a temperature above the melting point of the copper and below the melting point of the metal. It is then removed from the furnace, cooled to room temperature, and placed back in the die and pressed further. This procedure results in an interior flaw or crack.

Abstract: A microstructurally toughened ceramic-particle-reinforced metal-matrix composite article is disclosed. The article includes discrete regions of ceramic-particulate-reinforced metal matrix which enclosed within and separated from each other by a network of unreinforced metal. The article exhibits high tensile strength, high elastic modulus and high impact resistance. A process for making the article is also disclosed. The process includes positioning structural elements within a metallic container to define a plurality of discrete void spaces within the container, introducing a quantity of metallic particles or of a particulate mixture of metallic particles and ceramic particles into the void spaces, and consolidating the container, structural elements and particles to form the microstructurally toughened composite article.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for fabricating a composite polycrystalline diamond or cubic boron nitride (CBN) compact. Briefly, the process is conducted by mating a pre-formed sintered polycrystalline diamond or CBN compact and a plastically deformable support, and subjecting the mated composite compact to elevated temperature and pressure conditions sufficient to plastically deform the support into attachment with the compact. The temperature, pressure and time of application are inadequate to cause degradation of the diamond or CBN compact. The product configuration may be a conventional layered compact or may be a wire drawing die having a polycrystalline diamond or CBN core with a support jacket of a material such as a cemented metal carbide.

Abstract: A method of producing a shaft having plate-like member joined thereto comprises the steps of forming a through hole in the plate-like member, forming an annular groove in the inner surface of the through hole of the member, making the surface of the annular groove rugged by knurling, forming an annular projection on a shaft the outer diameter of the annular projection being substantially equal to or slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole of the plate-like member inserting the shaft into the through hole of the plate-like member so that the annular groove is positioned between both sides of the annular projection supporting the side of the plate-like member and an end portion of the shaft and pressing substantially the whole of the side face of the annular projection of the shaft so that a part of the annular projection of the shaft plastically deforms and flows into the annular groove of the plate-like member, whereby the plate-like member is rigidly joined to the shaft.

Abstract: A friction ring for clutches and brakes consists of an annular metal element having at least one cylindrical or conical friction surface comprising a spray-sintered friction lining. The friction linings are directly sintered onto the annular element itself, the intially planar friction surfaces being formed, after applying the spray-sintered friction linings, into cylindrical or conical shape by a non-cutting shaping process such as stamping, deepdrawing or the like. The method of producing the friction ring comprises producing an annular metal element, applying a spray-sintered friction lining on to one or both sides thereof and shaping the annular element together with the sintered linings applied thereto into a cylindrical or conical form. The shaping is performed by means of a shaping tool comprising a die and an associated plunger working on the annular element.

Abstract: Solid materials are dynamically loaded by impact with a piston (10) fired at the material (11) in a suitable support (12) wherein a "punch", (22) a body of material introducing an impedance mismatch, is inserted between the piston (10) and the material (11).

Abstract: Form-locking means and process for joining same to a subcaliber projectile in a peripheral region thereof. The form-locking means consists of a material in the form of a n-phase sintered alloy having a high content of at least one heavy metal, wherein n.gtoreq.2. The material forming the form-locking means in the peripheral region of the subcaliber projectile form at least one further alloy phase. The form-locking means includes interlocking lands and grooves, and are joined to the periphery of the subcaliber projectile in the form of a layer of predetermined thickness which can be joined to the projectile surface by means of explosion welding.

Abstract: To improve the homogeneity of the porosity of a concave-convex pressed part with minimized mass, a pre-compressed pressed part with plane frontal surfaces is produced in a first process step. This part is then further compressed to produce a concave-convex sintered pressed part in a further process step. The pressed part can, however, also be produced in only one process step, if the requirements for homogeneous porosity distribution are less.

Abstract: Shock wave formation of superconductive ceramic oxide electric and magnetic circuit elements with improved microstructures and mechanical properties.

Abstract: In a method of producing a composite material for a sliding member having a sliding portion and a backing material which supports the sliding portion, the method comprises the steps of: disposing a powder or a sheet material for the sliding portion on the backing material; irradiating the powder or sheet material with laser beam or electron beam; melting or partially melting the beam-irradiated powder or sheet material; and quenching and solidifying the melted or partially melted portion, whereby the particles of the powder are integrated with one another and the powder in contact with the backing material are bonded thereto, or whereby the sheet material in contact wiht the backing material are bonded thereto.

Abstract: The weapon barrel comprises a liner and at least one jacket tube. The liner is made of a highly wear-resistant material, like a cobalt or nickel base alloy, and the jacket tube is made of a tough alloy, like steel. In the manufacturing process the liner material is packed into the jacket tube in the form of a powdery material which may be pre-pressed or pre-sintered. The packing is arranged such as to leave a central free space in the jacket tube, and the jacket tube may be surrounded by an encapsulating tube. The jacket tube or the encapsulating tube is closed either before or after evacuation, and the closed tube arrangement is subjected to a combined heat and pressure treatment at temperatures of at least 900.degree. C., but below the melting point of the relevant materials and at pressures of at least 900 bar. The compound body thus obtained is formed with a full-area metallic bond between the liner and the jacket tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a blank for a tool die, made of compound steel with a core of high speed steel and a surrounding ring of a different steel, said ring bringing about a prestress in the core. According to the invention, the prestress is due to the fact that the core consists of a high speed steel powder which has been compacted to full density, that the ring consists of a steel alloy, the residual austenite transformation to martensite and consequent volume increase of which is zero or considerably less than the residual austenite transformation to martensite of the high speed steel after the same heat treatment, and that the blank has been hardened and tempered to create in the core a compression stress as a result of the obstruction by the surrounding ring of the volume increase of the core.The invention relates also to a method for manufacturing such blanks. A high speed steel powder is filled into a thick-walled pipe, said pipe consisting of a steel different from high speed steel.

Abstract: A powder-metallurgy method and assembly for producing tubular product having at least one surface and preferably an interior surface thereof clad with an alloy different from and preferably more resistant to destructive media than the material from which the remainder of the tubing is constructed. An assembly is constructed of a metal tubing having an internal surface to be clad and a tubular insert mounted generally axially within the tubing in spaced-apart relation to the internal surface thereof, which provides a generally annular cavity between the internal surface of the tubing and the tubular insert. This cavity is filled with metal particles of a composition to be clad on the tubing internal surface. The cavity is sealed and the assembly is heated to an elevated temperature at which it is extruded to compact metal particles introduced to the cavity to substantially full density and metallurgically bond the particles to the internal surface to provide a desired destructive-media resistant cladding.

Abstract: The weapon barrel comprises a liner and at least one jacket tube. The liner is made of a highly wear-resistant material, like a cobalt or nickel base alloy, and the jacket tube is made of a tough alloy, like steel. In the manufacturing process the liner material is packed into the jacket tube in the form of a powdery material which may be pre-pressed or pre-sintered. The packing is arranged such as to leave a central free space in the jacket tube, and the jacket tube may be surrounded by an encapsulating tube. The jacket tube or the encapsulating tube is closed either before or after evacuation, and the closed tube arrangement is subjected to a combined heat and pressure treatment at temperatures of at least 900.degree. C., but below the melting point of the relevant materials and at pressures of at least 900 bar. The compound body thus obtained is formed with a full-area metallic bond between the liner and the jacket tube.

Abstract: A process for preparing a porous metal plate is disclosed which is adapted to use short metal fiber to prepare the plate. The process is capable of providing a porous metal plate which has increased bending strength and porosity, of which the porosity and thickness are controlled as desired and which has a wide and lengthy shape. The so-formed porous metal plate is capable of being extensively utilized, for example, not only as a filter and a sound absorption material but for a fuel cell, a catalyst and the like. It is formed by applying adhesive onto a surface of a substrate, and embedding short metal fibers in the adhesive. The composite thus formed is then pressed, to push over the short metal fibers, and the composite is then sintered. The substrate is a material which is capable of being burned out, or is a metal net, or is a release paper, so that the final plate will be porous throughout.

Abstract: A process of making a composite of a sintered layer on a metal core member, such as an extruder screw having a sintered hard layer on a steel core, by charging a green compact sintering powder material into a space between an inner surface of a compressible mold and an outer surface of a mold core, sealing the compressible mold with the green compact material and the mold core therein, isostatic pressing the sealed compressible mold with the green compact material and the mold core therein, removing the mold core from the isostatically pressed green compact thus forming a cavity therein, inserting a metal core in the cavity in the isostatically pressed green compact with the metal core having a smaller transverse cross-section than the previously removed mold core and shrinking and bonding the isostatically pressed green compact onto the metal core by heating the isostatically pressed green compact and the metal core to a temperature at which the isostatically pressed green compact is sintered resulting in sh

Abstract: A method for the assembly and connection of bodies, massive parts or powder grains, of alloys comprising at least 50% of nickel, cobalt or iron, comprises a preliminary operation of deposition at the interface of the said bodies of a product of the type MBF.sub.x, x being equal to 3 or 4, M designating a radical of the type NH.sub.4 giving off when hot a gaseous component such as NH.sub.3 or a metallic element and a sequence of treatment of cleaning/activation by passage of the coated body at a temperature in excess of the temperature of sublimation of the said product.

Abstract: A method of producing a metal/ceramic composite structure in which an uncolidated metal or metal alloy powder is loaded into a sealable glass mold comprising a hollow ceramic sleeve and a sealable outer glass envelope surrounding the ceramic sleeve and forming with the outer wall of the ceramic sleeve a sealable chamber for the metal or metal alloy powder, wherein the glass is a type which becomes plastic when heated. The air in the mold is removed under vacuum and the mold is sealed and placed into a free flowing refractory powder in a crucible and consolidated by sintering under atmospheric pressure (CAP.RTM. process). Removal of the glass envelope leaves a composite article having a consolidated metal or metal alloy layer surrounding and placing a hollow ceramic liner (sleeve) under both radial and axial compression. A ceramic-line metal gun barrel insert can be produced by using a ceramic sleeve with rifling on its inner surface.

Abstract: A powder metal composite made up of first and second powder metal bodies assembled in a mold cavity with the bodies separated by a divider ring and with the bodies being in concentric relationship such that the assembled bodies and divider ring can be simultaneously compacted and subsequently simultaneously sintered to form the desired composite metal article. In practicing the method of forming a composite metal article one of the bodies may be selected from a base powder metal and the other body may be selected from a high performance alloy powder metal, and the divider ring may be selected from a low melting point metal such as copper that will dissolve itself into the powders during sintering and enhance mechanical properties of the sintered compact article.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing by a powder metallurgy process a rotary drill bit including a bit body having an external surface on which cutting elements are mounted, and a passage for supplying drilling fluid to the surface of the bit. The method comprises forming a hollow mould for moulding at least a portion of the bit body, packing at least part of the mould with powdered matrix material, and infiltrating the material with a metal alloy in a furnace to form a matrix. Before the mould is packed with the powdered material, formers are positioned on the interior surface of the mould to project into the interior of the mould space and form sockets to receive nozzles, or studs on which the cutting elements are mounted. According to the invention, the formers are formed from material, such as austenitic stainless steel, having a coefficient of thermal expansion not less than that of the matrix material.

Abstract: A blend of tungsten carbide powder and cemented tungsten carbide cobalt chips is loaded into a cavity surrounding a steel bearing blank and infiltrated with a copper base infiltrant to create a chip matrix bearing surface.

Abstract: Shock wave formation of thin layers of materials with improved superconducting and permanent magnetic properties and improved microstructures.

Abstract: The powdered material contains oxygen in the oxide and/or adsorbed form and the oxygen present is reduced in a first pre-sintering stage and the cohesion of the material is ensured in a second sintering stage. The pre-sintering stage is carried out under a reducing atmosphere based on hydrogen and neutral gas whose flow rate F.sub.G is higher than or equal to: ##EQU1## in which relation: S.sub.P =section of the layer of powder to be sintered in sq.mD.sub.P =voluminal mass of the powder in kg/cu mX(O.sub.2)i=percentage of oxygen mass in the powder before the pre-sintering stage, in the oxide and/or adsorbed form,P(H.sub.2)i=voluminal percentage of hydrogen in the gas introduced into the furnace,P(H.sub.2)f=the smallest voluminal percentage of hydrogen in the atmosphere in the furnace at a point where the oxides have been completely reduced,v.sub.S =speed of feed of the material in the furnace expressed in m/hr,.alpha. is a constantF.sub.G being expressed in cu.m/hr.

Abstract: Getter assembly having an annular channel for containing getter material, the bottom of the channel being provided with an annular, integral, groove of bulb-shaped cross-section extending into said channel to lock with said getter material.

Abstract: A plate-shaped high power nuclear fuel element containing low enrichment uranium (5 to 20 percent by weight uranium.sup.235 in the uranium component) as fissionable material, the fuel element essentially comprising a UAl.sub.4 plate provided with an aluminum sheath or a sheath of an Al alloy and impurities inherent in the manufacturing process. A process for producing such a UAl.sub.4 plate comprises (a) intimately mixing a powder of low enrichment uranium or uranium compound U.sub.6 Fe (5 to 20 percent by weight U.sup.235) having a particle size in the range from 0.1.mu. to 90.mu. with aluminum powder having a particle size in the range from 0.1.mu. to 100.mu. in a weight ratio range of uranium to aluminum between 1.1 U:1 Al and 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a superconducting wire, using, e.g., Chevrel phases as superconductors, in particular PbMo.sub.6 S.sub.8. Until now, it was not possible to produce superconducting wires from such materials in a technically usable quality. According to the process of the invention, the superconducting Chevrel phase is loaded vacuum-tight into a molybdenum shell and the unit is advantageously sealed in another jacket made of steel. The powdery superconducting phase has an average grain size of less than 1 .mu.m. For shaping the superconducting wire, the unit is extruded in a first process step at temperatures between 1000.degree. and 1600.degree. C. and reduced in cross section in excess of 1:10, and subsequently further treated in a plurality of process steps by additional extruding and/or hot drawing.

Abstract: A method of producing a glass-lined metal pipe in which an unconsolidated tal or metal alloy powder is loaded into a sealable glass mold comprising a graphite core, a glass sleeve slipped over the graphite core with a sliding fit, a sealable outer glass envelope surrounding the graphite core and glass sleeve forming with them a sealable chamber for the metal or metal alloy powder, wherein the glass is a type which becomes plastic when heated. The air in the mold is removed under vacuum and the mold is sealed and placed into a free flowing refractory powder in a crucible and consolidated by sintering under atmospheric pressure (CAP.RTM. process). Removal of the glass envelope and the graphite core produces a glass-lined pipe in which the glass liner is slightly fused into and is under compressive force from the surrounding metal pipe.

Abstract: A composite compact component made of a composite compact consisting of a diamond or BN powder bonded to a hard sintered alloy base during a sintering operation, and a substrate composed of steel or a hard sintered alloy bonded to the base of the composite compact through a high strength filler metal or alloy having a melting point of at least the liquidus point of the hard sintered alloy base. A process of making set composite compact component is also disclosed as well as a drill bit containing said composite compact component and variations thereof.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing a pressed powder body from at least two different kinds of ultrafine particles. Ultrafine particles of at least two different materials are uniformly mixed together and the mixture is sprayed onto an objective surface whereby the spray pressure causes the particles to adhere and form the pressed powder body. The apparatus includes mixing means, means for conveying the mixture of ultrafine particles, and a pressed powder body forming chamber including nozzle means for spraying the mixture of ultrafine particles, an objective surface and means for evacuating the chamber and introducing an inert gas therein.

Abstract: A method for fixing an alloy powder molding at sintering composition by placing an alloy powder molding formed by rolling a mixture of an alloy powder and a synthetic resin-based pressure-sensitive adhesive composition on a metal base material by interposing a composition between the molding and the base material until the molding is sintered, in the case that the alloy powder molding is placed on the metal base material and sintered after keeping at 150.degree. to 400.degree. C. for at least 5 minutes under a non-oxidizing atmosphere, the composition comprising as a main component an acrylic copolymer which comprises about 80 to 99.5% by weight of alkyl (meth)acrylate having an average carbon atom number of 2 to 12 in the alkyl moiety and about 20 to 0.5% by weight of a polymerizable monomer having a functional group in the molecule or a mixture of 100 parts by weight of the copolymer and about 0.

Abstract: A powdery material is prepared by atomization from a molten alloy having the following composition in weight percent: chromium: 10-30; aluminium: 1-25; carbon: less than 0.5; nickel: less than 10; iron: the balance, with a cooling speed at least equal to 400.degree. C./sec., for heat spraying having a grain size comprised between -150 and +27 microns of which the specific area is higher than 500 cm.sup.2 /g. Said material enables to form on a metal substrate a self-adhesive layer having a resistance to pulling by traction which is higher than 20 N/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: An improved method of forming a rotor includes the steps of hot isostatically pressing powdered metal to form disc-shaped hub sections. Each of the hub sections has a rim portion with a relatively large or coarse grain size to optimize high temperature creep properties. The central portion of each hub section has a relatively small or fine grain size to optimize tensile strength and reduce cycle fatigue at intermediate temperatures. Dispersion of any defects in the hub sections is promoted by plastically deforming the hub sections. Preformed blades are placed in an annular array between a pair of the hub sections and the hub sections are bonded together to interconnect the blades and hub sections.

Abstract: A process for forming a sintered layer on a substrate of an iron-based material containing carbon. A sheet of powders of an alloy is prepared by mixing the powders with a solution of resin and rolling the mixture into a sheet. The sheet is then heated to a sintering temperature. In order to prevent carbon content in the substrate from diffusing to the powder sheet during the sintering process, a lamina is provided beneath the powder sheet for example by a metal plating, a metal oxide layer, an intermediate alloy powder sheet, a decarbonized layer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for forming a wear-resistant, sintered layer on a metallic substrate. The process comprises steps of adhesively attaching to a surface of metallic substrate an alloy particle sheet containing 94 to 99 weight % of ternary eutectic alloy particles and 6 to 1 weight % of acryl binder, heating in a non-oxidating atmosphere to a temperature of 150.degree. to 380.degree. C. and holding at the temperature for at least 5 minutes, and heating a sintering temperature of the alloy particles.

Abstract: Alloy powder is packed into a mold which comprises a complex-shaped solid aphite inner core and a similarly complex-shaped thin glass outer wall. The mold is evacuated, sealed, and then heated to the alloy sintering temperature, the glass softens and applies an isostatic pressure on the alloy as the alloy particles consolidate. After the consolidation step, the mold and its contents are cooled and the glass and graphite materials are removed from the alloy object. This method is particularly useful for preparing complex fittings of Nitinol shape memory alloys.

Abstract: The method of forming a lining in the cavities of a body by application of powdered metal consolidated and bonded thereon by a hot isostatic pressing process. A space lining the cavities in the body is provided by tubular members, one intersecting with the other or in close spaced relation thereto, powdered metal fills the space, a vacuum is drawn on the space, the body is subjected to forming conditions and then the body cavities are machined to their final shape with such machining generally removing the tubular members.