Abstract: Silver-iron materials for electrical switching contacts with properties which come very close to those of silver-nickel materials formed of 0.5 to 20% by weight iron 0.5 to 5% by one or more of the elements rhenium, iridium, and ruthenium, and 0.05 to 2% by weight of one or more of the oxides magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, cerium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, silicon oxide, and tin oxide, the balance being silver.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing fully annealed metal anodes are disclosed. The methods contemplate supplying metal and heating the metal until it has obtained a molten state. The molten metal is permitted to flow into a die and transported therethrough where it is cooled until it solidifies. The flow rate of the metal through the die and the extent of cooling are selected such that a fully annealed metal anode is obtained.

Abstract: A silver-oxide material for electric contacts of high-current switches, having excellent deposition resistance and consumption resistance. The material is formed by subjecting to an internal oxidation treatment an Ag alloy consisting essentially, by weight %, of:Sn: 5.1-8.5%;In: 1.7-3.2%;Te: 0.1-0.6%; andAg and inevitable impurities: the balance. If required, at least one of the following elements may be added:Ni: 0.05-0.2%; andCd: 0.3-0.8%.

Abstract: A granule-type magnetoresistive material is used to form a MR component, which is equipped in a magnetic head, or the like. When placing the magnetoresistive material in the external magnetic field, the electric resistance is altered responsive to a variation of the external magnetic field. In order to increase a magnetic-field sensitivity, the magnetoresistive material is composed of an alloy whose atomic composition is expressed by a chemical formula of (Co.sub.1-x Fe.sub.x).sub.y Ag.sub.1-y, where 0.45.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.55 and 0.24.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.35; or another chemical formula of (Co.sub.1-x Fe.sub.x).sub.y (Ag.sub.1-z Cu.sub.z).sub.1-y, where 0.45.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.55, 0.24.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.35 and z.ltoreq.0.14.

Abstract: The contact material in particular for contacts in low-voltage switches consists of silver and further active components. In accordance with the invention, iron (Fe) in proportions of between 1 and 50% by weight and rhenium (Re) in proportions of between 0.01 and 5% by weight are present in combination as active components. The manufacture of the material and the fabricating of the contacts can be effected by methods of powder metallurgy with inclusion of molding or extrusion techniques, the active components being used in the form of separate powders, as fusible alloy or as mechanically alloyed powder.

Abstract: A conductive paste is provided which is prepared by kneading a composition comprising silver metal powder, an organic vehicle, and a silver-titanium alloy powder contained in an amount of 0.1 to 6.0% by weight based on the amount of the silver metal powder.

Abstract: In a contact material, there is present in addition to silver, at least one higher melting point metal, metal alloy or metal compound. According to the invention, the material contains in addition to silver (Ag), at least iron (Fe) and/or titanium (Ti) in percent by weight of from 2 to 50%. Optionally, nitrides, carbides and/or borides of the metals titanium, zirconium and/or tantalum may also e present. It has been found that in their contact property spectrum such materials are largely equivalent to the material AgNi10. Thus the latter contact material can be replaced completely.

Abstract: An electric contact material comprising 0.01 to 2.0 weight % of Li, 0.01 weight % or more to less than 0.2 weight % of at least one rare earth metal and the remainder being Ag. The electric contact material may further comprise 0.1 to 1.0 weight % of at least one element selected from a group consisting of In, Sn, Zn, Mn, Pd, Sb, Cu, Mg, Pb, Cd, Cr and Bi, however, for Zn and Mn, the amount is less than 0.5 % by weight; and/or 0.03 to 0.6 weight % of at least one element selected from a group consisting of Fe, Ni and Co. The electric contact material is excellent in arc resistance, wear resistance and lubricity in a small current region and is suitable as a material for a slide contact and a rotary slide contact.

Abstract: Method for producing tarnish-resistant and oxidation-resistant sheets, billets, rods, tubes, profiles or wires for tarnish-resistant and oxidation-resistant structural components which tolerate thermal and mechanical stresses, of copper or silver as matrix material exhibiting a high conductivity and a high softening temperature. The method includes preparing a copper or silver melt by adding, to the copper or silver, stoichiometric amounts of boron and zirconium whereby the stoichiometric amounts comprise additions of 0.3 to 0.6 weight percent of zirconium and 0.1 to 0.2 weight percent of boron, resulting in a fine dispersion melt of less than 1 volume percent of ZrB.sub.2 in the copper or silver. Subsequently, the fine dispersion melt is processed into semifinished products using continuous casting units or continuous rolling units.

Abstract: Novel Ag-SnO electrical contact materials are disclosed, which are made of Ag alloys consisting of 5-20 weight % of Sn and a balance of Ag, the alloys having been prepared by melting and having been internal oxidized. Novel manufacturing methods are also disclosed, in which internal-oxidation is conducted in an oxygen atmosphere of 10 atm to 200 atm, and at a temperature of 750.degree. C. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: The electrical contact alloy is provided comprising Sb and either Au or Ag or both. In such alloys, Sb produces a non-catalytic effect to inhibit formation of carbon from organic gases derived from resin parts. Therefore, when electrical contacts of such alloys are assembled with resin parts into housings, poor contact due to carbon deposition is prevented to increase the useful life and reliability of the electrical contacts.

Abstract: Novel Ag-SnO electrical contact materials are disclosed, which are made of Ag alloys consisting of 5-20 weight % of Sn and a balance of Ag, the alloys having been prepared by melting and having been internal oxidized. Novel manufacturing methods are also disclosed, in which internal-oxidation is conducted in an oxygen atmosphere of 10 atm to 200 atm, and at a temperature of 750.degree. C. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention encompasses methods, compositions of matter and devices used with fuel combustion apparatus for treating fuels prior to combustion by flowing such fuels into intimate contact with one of a variety of metal alloys formed from refractory ores including platinum group metals and rare earths. At least one of the metal alloys of the invention is contained within a housing through which the fuel is caused to flow, thereby contacting the fuel with the alloy with a resulting decrease in pollutants and increased fuel utilization on combustion of the fuel. Fuels useful with the invention generally include hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel, gasolines, propane, butane, natural gas, etc., which are burned not only in internal combustion engines but also in other commonly used combustion apparatus.

Abstract: There is disclosed a silver alloy foil for an interconnector of a solar cell. The silver alloy contains 10 ppm to 1,000 ppm of calcium; 10 ppm to 750 ppm of at least one element selected from the group consisting of beryllium, lanthanum and indium; balance silver and unavoidable impurities. The alloy is less susceptible to softening even when the solar cell is exposed to temperature cycling. If calcium is further added, the hardness does not decrease even with the passage of time, to thereby exhibit superior characteristics for a prolonged period of time.

Abstract: Ag allow generally used for decorative purposes such as silverware and accessories, including In and Al as a substitute for conventionally used Pd provides the products with high discoloration resistance and elegant tint inherent to Ag. Additional content of Cu further improves mechanical properties of the products.

Abstract: Tin-based alloys that include micro-additions of certain elements avoid the discoloration that otherwise afflict those alloys when they are melted. The discoloration, which results from tin oxidation, correlates with poor performance of the alloys in filler metal applications. A preferred method of preparing the alloys of the invention is by rapid solidification from the melt.

Abstract: Electrical contact materials are made by the internal-oxidation of Ag alloys containing more than 5 weight % of Sn, with the assistance of Pb or Zr contained at an amount as minimum as possible. Complete and uniform internal-oxidation of said Sn contents are obtained primarily on account of the internal oxidation conducted at an elevated oxygen atmospheric pressure, that is, 10 to 150 atm.

Abstract: Solders for directly soldering together ceramic parts consisting essentially of 70 to 99% silver, 0.5 to 15% by weight indium or 0.5 to 10% by weight tin and 0.5 to 15% by weight titanium or zirconium, or mixtures thereof. These solders are very ductile, are workable at comparatively low temperatures and provide very firm bonding.

Abstract: A shape memory alloy is used for face-contacting parts (1, 3, 4, 5; 101) and lens-fixing parts (2) of a spectacle frame, and parts (12, 13; 103) connected thereto are formed of titanium, a titanium alloy, nickel, or a chromium alloy. These parts are suitable soldered by a soldering material (111) formed of 5-15 wt. % of palladium, 5-15 wt. % of gallium, and a balance consisting of silver.

Abstract: A contact forming material for a vacuum valve or vacuum circuit breaker comprising (a) a conductive material consisting of copper and/or silver, and (b) an arc-proof material consisting of chromium, titanium, zirconium, or an alloy thereof wherein the amount of said arc-proof material present in said conductive material matrix is no more than 0.35% by weight. This contact forming material is produced by a process which comprises the steps of compacting arc-proof material powder into a green compact, sintering said green compact to obtain a skeleton of the arc-proof material, infiltrating the voids of said skeleton with a conductive material, and cooling the infiltrated material. The contact forming material can provide contacts for a vacuum valve or vacuum circuit breaker which has excellent characteristics such as temperature rise characteristic and contact resistance characteristic.

Abstract: A recording material made of an alloy capable of exhibiting different spectral reflectances at an equal temperature, depending on a heating-cooling cycle to which the alloy is subjected. The alloy can possess in solid state different crystal structures at a first temperature higher than the room temperature and at a second temperature lower than the first temperature but not lower than the room temperature. A part of the surface of the alloy exhibits, as a result of being quenched from the first temperature, a crystal structure which is different from the crystal structure at the second temperature, while the other part possesses the crystal structure at the second temperature, so that these two parts exhibit different spectral reflectances. Using this recording medium, it is possible to record, reproduce and erase information by means of, for example, laser beams.

Abstract: Internal oxidized Ag-SnO system alloy electrical contact materials having a moderate initial contact resistance and having no depletion layer is disclosed. The alloy is internal oxidized by having it sandwiched between pure silver thin layers, and is cut horizontally right in two, simultaneously removing the depletion layer from the internally oxidized alloy.

Abstract: Electrical contact materials made from an internally oxidized Ag alloy containing 0.5 to 12 weight % of Sn. Internal oxidized structures which have been produced in the alloy at the forwardmost area along a progressive direction of internal oxidation and which are fine and free from the segregation of tin oxides, are employed as contact surfaces. Another surface opposite to said contact surfaces may be brazeable by having it subjected to a reduction or decomposition treatment of metal oxides about said another surface.

Abstract: Titanium-silver alloys containing specified amounts of silver and titanium and controlled amounts of copper, aluminum and mixtures thereof are suitable for brazing ceramics, other non-metallic and metallic materials. These alloys also may contain controlled amounts of tin, palladium, indium and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a material for electrical contacts, in particular for contact studs in low-voltage switchgear. The material consists of silver, tin oxide and other additives. A material is sought where the overtemperature is lowered as compared with known AgSnO.sub.2 material. According to the invention, the further additives are in combination oxides of the metals tantalum (Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5), copper (CuO) and bismuth (Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3). Further the material may contain also tungsten or oxygen containing tungsten compounds. Preferably the material contains 5 to 20 mass % SnO.sub.2, 0.1 to 5 mass % Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 5 mass % CuO, 0.1 to 5 mass % Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, optionally 0.05 to 3 mass % tungsten and silver as balance. In the method for producing contact studs, the powder metallurgical production of the material is followed by extrusion to a ribbon, from which contact studs can be separated which have an edge-parallel directional structure.

Abstract: Internally oxidized Ag-Sn-Bi alloy electrical contact materials. The alloy contains a larger amount of Bi, viz., more than 2 weight percent of bismuth, whereby the Bi which can not be a solid solution with Ag and Sn and hence precipitates as a numerous number of defects in an Ag matrix, does not allow said Ag matrix to form crystalline grains, but accelerates oxidation velocity and has solute metals oxidized extremely in minute and uniform up to inner cores of alloy mass.

Abstract: A joint material that is improved in arc-proof characteristic, fusion-proof characteristic, and consumption-proof characteristic. The joint material contains silver, lithium oxide and one selected from the group consisting of aluminium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and silicon oxide. Furthermore, one selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel and cobalt may be contained as an additional component in the joint material. Such joint material is produced by a method of oxidizing the silver alloy containing lithium and one selected from the group consisting of aluminium, calcium, magnesium, and silicon, with the composition ratio of 0.1-3 wt % for lithium, and 0.01-1 wt % for aluminium, calcium, magnesium, and silicon, respectively, in quantitive conversion to metal or by a method of oxidizing the silver alloy containing, in addition to the components mentioned above, one selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, and cobalt, with the composition ratio of 0.05-1 wt %.

Abstract: The disclosed invention includes improved devices and materials for thermoelectric conversion, particularly for operation at temperatures of 300.degree. C. and below. Disordered p-type semiconductor elements incorporate compound adjuvants of silver and lead to achieve enhanced "figure of merit" values and corresponding increased efficiencies of thermoelectric conversion. Similar results are obtained with disordered n-type elements by employing lowered selenium contents, preferably in combination with cuprous bromide.Improved conversion devices include powder pressed elements from one or both of these materials.

Abstract: Reactive metal-palladium-silver are suitable for brazing ceramics, other non-metallic and metallic materials.

Abstract: There is described an electrical contact piece made of a silver-metal oxide material as contact coating, a carrier made of copper, or iron and an intermediate layer which furnishes a high adhesive strength of the contact coating to the contact carrier even at a high number of switchings. The intermediate layer consist essentially of a silver alloy having 2 to 12 weight % of tin, indium, and/or germanium.

Abstract: An aggregate and/or integrate comprising of silver and tin oxides and/or tin alloy oxides of 4-25 weight % which have been prepared to have the oxides dispersed in the silver, are subjected to a temperature above the melting point of silver, whereby an electrical contact material made from said aggregate and/or integrate comes to have a continuous silver matrix as if produced by an internal oxidation method and also to have such uniform dispersion of the metal oxides in said silver matrix which is comparable or superior to that producible by a powder metallurgical method. The above-mentioned heat treatment is accompanied with hammer or press forging resulting in dimensional reduction of the aggregate and/or integrate such as their shaping, upsetting, and drawing-down. The contact material has, in addition to an excellent elongation and high conductivity, much greater resistance to shock.

Abstract: An aggregate and/or integrate comprising of silver and tin oxides and/or tin alloy oxides of 4-25 weight % which have been prepared to have the oxides disperse uniformly in the silver, are subjected to a temperature about the melting point of silver, whereby an electrical contact material made from said aggregate and/or integrate comes to have a continuous silver matrix as if produced by an internal oxidation method and also to have such uniform dispersion of the metal oxides in said silver matrix which is comparable or superior to that producible by a powder metallurgical method. The contact material has an excellent elongation and high conductivity.

Abstract: Brazing alloys containing up to a specified amount of a reactive metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, vanadium and mixtures thereof and only one metal selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, palladium, iron, nickel, copper and aluminum are ductile and can be rolled into foils.

Abstract: Silver based brazing alloys containing controlled amounts of a reactive metal selected from titanium, vanadium, zirconium and mixtures thereof and a third metal selected from manganese, germanium and mixtures thereof are suitable for brazing ceramics, other non-metallic and metallic materials.

Abstract: Internally oxidized Ag-Sn of 3 - less than 5 weight % alloy electrical contact materials are improved of their internal oxidation velocity and consequently of their contact resistance by the addition of 0.01-0.1 weight % of Bi. The alloy may comprise 0.01-0.5 weight % of one or more elements of the iron family.

Abstract: There is described a contact material based on silver-tin oxide and additional metal oxide having a high working life, slight welding strength and low switching temperatures. Besides silver and tin oxide it contains 0.05 to 4% of molybdenum oxide and/or germanium oxide.

Abstract: A novel setting composition for dental purposes comprises a dental silver amalgam alloy composed mainly of silver and tin, and including one or more of copper, zinc, indium, palladium and gold; mercury in an amount sufficient to amalgamate said alloy: and selenium. The selenium may or may not be coated with a metal showing an affinity for mercury, such as silver. The amount of selenium contained is in a range of 0.005 to 5% by weight.