Abstract: A device is configured to catalytically reduce internal combustion engine exhaust gases which contain nitrogen oxides. The device has an exhaust pipe, one end of which can be connected to at least one exhaust outlet of the internal combustion engine. A reducing agent, in particular urea, is introduced into the exhaust pipe with a feed device. At least one mixer is arranged downstream of the reducing agent injection, as seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. The mixer has a multiplicity of passages through which the fluid can flow. At least one catalytic converter is arranged downstream of the mixer. At least one diffuser is located between the mixer and the converter. The diffuser which has a multiplicity of passages through which the exhaust gas can flow and which have a cross section which increases in the flow direction.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing harmful components of a perfluorocarbon gas or a perfluorocompound, comprising:

Abstract: NO is removed from a gas stream by reacting NO with an absorbent to form a metal nitrosyl complex. The metal nitrosyl complex is reacted with sulfite and/or bisulfite to produce recoverable reaction products containing nitrogen and/or sulfur and to regenerate the reagent. The recoverable reaction products are then separated from the regenerated reagent.

Abstract: An air pollution control assembly for treating flue gas streams containing acid gases. The assembly is comprised of an evaporative cooler assembly or a spray dryer gas distribution system. The assembly further has a reagent injection venturi assembly and a baghouse assembly. The baghouse assembly includes a filter cake management system which is automatically activated with respect to time and the pressure differential across the filter bags.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for abating F2 from byproducts generated during cleaning of a processing chamber. F2 abatement is efficiently performed by directly injecting H2 in line with a foreline exiting the processing chamber. A tube which is highly resistant to oxidation and corrosive gases, even at high temperature, is connected in line with the foreline as part of the exhaust line of the processing chamber. A cooling jacket may be provided for cooling the tube, since the reaction between F2 and H2 is exothermic. A pressure monitoring arrangement may also be employed to insure that pressure within a hydrogen line, that feed the injection of H2 into the tube, does not exceed a predetermined pressure value.

Abstract: A CO2 removal and sequestration system uses a limestone bed of coarse crushed limestone covering pipes which carry a flue gas. The pipes have spaced openings which permit flue gas to pass into the limestone bed. Water fills the bed to about {fraction (2/3 )} of the height of the limestone, which is higher than the depth of the pipes. The water flows through the bed at a predetermined rate. The bed is arranged as a series of parallel rows of beds with open channels between each pair of adjacent rows. The open channels are alternating water inlet and outlet channels. A flue gas delivery system includes headers and manifolds for distributing the flue gas at sufficient pressure to overcome existing water pressure at the pipe openings. The process includes the steps of removing CO2 from the flue gas in the bed, dissolving CO2 in the water in the bed, and then returning the water/CO2 to the ocean, river, lake or other area which may be used to store CO2.

Abstract: An oxidation exhaust trap for filtering a particulate product of a first gas contacted with a gaseous oxidizing agent. The oxidation exhaust trap has a vessel having an interior cavity. The vessel further having a first inlet in communication with the interior cavity for introduction of the first gas into the interior cavity and a second inlet in communication with the interior cavity for introduction of the gaseous oxidizing agent into the interior cavity, the gaseous oxidizing agent mixing with the first gas thereby causing oxidation of the first gas for producing the particulate product suspended in a gaseous product. Lastly, the vessel has an outlet in communication with the interior cavity. A filter is disposed in the interior cavity for filtering the particulate product from the gaseous product which is exhausted through the outlet. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first gas is silane and the gaseous oxidizing agent is air.

Abstract: A nozzle 11 is provided whose discharge port 12 is in absorption liquid b of a liquid reservoir 2 which reserves the absorption liquid b containing the absorbent a and which is arranged below of an absorption tower 1 into which combustion exhaust gas d containing sulphur dioxide is introduced. A reduction section 14 is provided on the downstream side from a pipe 15 which is connected to the discharging side of the pump 13 which circulatively supplies the absorption liquid b to the nozzle 11, and an air suction pipe 17 is provided to have an opening 18 on the downstream side from the reduction section 14. The effective cross section of the reduction section 14 is narrower than the effective cross section of the nozzle 11 on the downstream side from the opening 18. The wide and narrow relation of such an effective cross section forms a negative pressure region on the downstream side from the reduction section 14.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a combination of novel blending, contact and mixing mechanisms which maximize the efficiency and duration of contact between sulphur dioxide gas and water to form sulphurous acid in an open nonpressurized system, without employing a countercurrent absorption tower. The present invention also incorporates a novel high temperature concrete for use in constructing portions of the present invention.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing the amount of NOx in an automotive vehicle combustion exhaust gas are disclosed. Accordingly, the system includes a first converter for forming aldehyde in a tributary fluid that includes fuel from the fuel tank of an automotive vehicle. Once the aldehyde is formed, the tributary fluid is combined with combustion exhaust of the vehicle to form an aldehyde/exhaust admixture. Thereafter, a second converter of the system is used to reduce NOx in the aldehyde/exhaust admixture to N2 gas and O2 gas.

Abstract: A device for channeling boiler flue gas flow and injecting controlled amounts of ammonia upstream of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) NOx removal system. A perforated plate and/or damper can be located within one or more channels to provide volumetric control through a channel. Flow conditioning devices such as static mixing tabs and/or flow straightening tube bundles can optionally be included in each channel to improve mixing and velocity profiles. Gas flow rate measurements made, for example via pressure taps, within one or more channels can be used to measure flow and provide feedback for improved ammonia-to-NOx mole ratio control.

Abstract: A low-cost and practically useful method for preventing global warming by decomposing N2O wherein N2O contained in an N2O-containing gas to be treated can be decomposed at a relatively low temperature; and an apparatus therefor. That is, a method for preventing global warming comprising, in a process of thermally or catalytically decomposing N2O in an N2O-containing gas to be treated, dividing the N2O-containing gas stream to be treated in portions, preheating a portion thereof so as to exothermally decompose N2O in said gas stream to form a hot gas stream, and supplying the remainder of the divided gas stream to be treated into said hot gas stream to thereby continuously decompose N2O, so that global warming is prevented; and an apparatus therefor.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a combination of novel blending contact and mixing mechanisms which maximize the efficiency and duration of contact between sulphur dioxide gas and water enriched with air/oxygen to form sulphurous acid in an open nonpressurized system, without employing a countercurrent absorption tower.

Abstract: An effluent abatement system 200 that may be used to abate F2 gas content of effluent exhausted from a process chamber 35, such as effluent from a CVD chamber cleaning process, includes a catalytic reactor 250 to reduce the content of F2 in the effluent 100. The system may further include a prescrubber 230 to add reactive gases to the effluent 100 and/or to treat the effluent 100 prior to treatment in the catalytic reactor 250. Alternatively reactive gases can be added to the effluent 100 by a gas source 220.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide concentration reducing apparatus that raises the internal temperature of a CO-selective oxidation unit carrying a selective oxidation catalyst in as short a time period as possible after the apparatus is started, and a driving method for the apparatus are disclosed. In addition to the selective oxidation catalyst, the CO-selective oxidation unit contains an oxidation catalyst. The oxidation catalyst is capable of facilitating oxidation of an oxidizable gas component of a hydrogen-rich gas, even at temperatures substantially equal to a normal room temperature. The oxidation catalyst is, for example, a platinum (Pt) catalyst. Even when the internal temperature of the CO-selective oxidation unit is substantially equal to a normal room temperature, the oxidizable gas component of the hydrogen-rich gas can be oxidized by oxygen contained in an oxidative gas, via the function of the Pt catalyst.

Abstract: An air pollution control assembly for treating flue gas streams containing acid gases. The assembly is comprised of an evaporative cooler assembly or a spray dryer gas distribution system. The assembly further has a reagent injection venturi assembly and a baghouse assembly. The baghouse assembly includes a filter cake management system which is automatically activated with respect to time and the pressure differential across the filter bags.

Abstract: A device and method for removing nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas from lean-burn internal combustion engines, e.g., diesel engines used in motor vehicles, includes a feed for a reducing agent, an NH3 sensor for measuring the NH3 concentration in the exhaust gas, and an exhaust pipe with NOx reduction catalytic converter. The arrangement configured to feed in reducing agent includes a control circuit for quantitatively continuously controllable supply of reducing agent to the exhaust gas, the control variable of the control circuit being the NH3 concentration measured by the NH3 sensor, and the guide variable of the control circuit being an NH3 concentration value which may be predetermined as a function of the operating point of the internal combustion engine. The NOx reduction catalytic converter is divided into at least two parts which are separate from one another and are arranged in series in the direction of flow of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for combustion toxicity-elimination of PFC gas is provided, which prevents or effectively suppress the generation of byproducts and the corrosion of the inner walls of the apparatus. This apparatus comprises (a) a combustion furnace; (b) a gas introduction section formed near the combustion furnace; (c) a wet scrubber for wet-scrubbing a first gas; and (d) a connection pipe for connecting the gas introduction section to the scrubber; the connection pipe having a branch extending downward. Even if moisture is absorbed into the first gas during the wet-scrubbing process in the wet scrubber, the moisture in the first gas is automatically separated therefrom in a liquid state and flows out of the apparatus through the branch prior to reaching the gas introduction section.

Abstract: A high velocity absorber has a lower larger diameter tank section for receiving a slurry at a liquid level in the. tank section, an upper smaller diameter absorber section where liquid scrubbing agent is mingled with flue gas from which impurities are to be absorbed, and a low pressure drop inlet assembly having a transition structure between the tank section and the absorber section for closing a gas flow path and a liquid flow path between the tank section and the absorber section. An inlet housing is connected to and communicates with the transition structure for inlet of flue gas into the transition structure between the tank section and the absorber section.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing harmful components of a perfluorocarbon gas or a perfluorocompound. The apparatus includes a first water scrubber for washing an exhaust gas containing a perfluorocarbon or a perfluorocompound discharged from a manufacturing equipment. The apparatus further includes a gas decomposer-burner tower having a gas decomposer room connected to an upper end of the first water scrubber for mixing at least one of a hydrocarbon gas and NH3 gas with the exhaust gas washed by the first water scrubber and thermally decomposing a resulting mixed gas. The apparatus further includes a burner room, a heater below the heater in the gas decomposer room and the burner room, a grating below the heater in the gas decomposer room and the burner room.

Abstract: A method for adsorbing and oxidizing VOC's in the same bed, thus reducing the size of or even eliminating the need for a catalytic or thermal oxidation unit at the end of the system. In this system, a catalyst is intimately interspersed with the adsorbent material. The catalyst oxidizes VOC's released during desorption when it reaches the ‘light off temperature,’ that is, the catalyst temperature necessary for oxidation to begin. As VOC's are desorbed, they are combusted by the catalyst in the same bed and also by their combustion, heat the bed to aid in the desorption of VOC's elsewhere in the bed.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the emissions of nitrogen oxides from a combustion system includes at least one nozzle assembly having an array of openings for delivering droplets of a fluid chemical agent to a flue gas within the combustion system; a controller operatively coupled to the at least one nozzle assembly for controlling the size and distribution of each droplet; an excitation mechanism operatively coupled to the at least nozzle assembly for providing additional control over the size and distribution of each droplet; and the array of openings arranged for deflecting the droplets to prevent droplet collisions.

Abstract: A parallel flow reactor for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide in a gas stream includes a shell enclosing an interior space in which is located a plurality of substantially parallel planar catalyst beds, each containing a catalyst for the selective conversion of NOx. Deflectors in the spaces between the catalyst beds direct the flow of gas through the beds. An injector upstream of the catalyst beds introduces a reducing agent such as ammonia into the inlet gas stream. The catalyst bed can include monolith or microengineered catalyst.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing fluorinated and chlorinated compounds contained in waste gas streams from semiconductor etch and deposition processes. The apparatus has a treatment chamber in which a plurality of liquid films are formed to absorb the fluorinated and chlorinated compounds contained in the waste gas streams that pass through the liquid films. The apparatus includes a tank for receiving the mixture of the absorbed fluorinated and chlorinated compounds and the liquid, and a dehumidifying device for stabilizing and dehumidifying the humidified waste gas streams.

Abstract: A method for reduction of NOx in a lean gaseous stream includes passing the gaseous stream at a temperature within the NOx sorbing temperature range through a catalyzed trap member having an oxidation catalyst intimately combined with a sorbent material. The sorbed NOx is periodically removed by introducing a combustible component into the gaseous stream and oxidizing it on the trap member to thermally desorb the NOx. The amount of combustible component introduced is limited to maintain the gaseous stream bulk composition lean and to avoid increasing the bulk temperature of the gaseous stream to a temperature which is too high for effective lean NOx abatement treatment. A suitable NOx abatement catalyst is used to reduce the desorbed NOx. Sorbing (trapping) and desorbing periods are alternated, usually in response to the temperature of the gaseous stream, and an apparatus to carry out the process is provided.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for treating pollutants in a gaseous stream. The apparatus comprises tubular inlets for mixing a gas stream with other oxidative and inert gases for mixture and flame production within a reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is heated by heating elements and has an interior wall with orifices through which heated air enters into the central reaction chamber. The oxidized gases are treated also for particles removal by flowing through a packed bed. The packed bed is cooled and its upper portion with air inlets to enhance condensation and particle growth in the bed. The treated gas stream is also scrubbed in a continuous regenerative scrubber comprising at least two vertically separated beds in which one bed can be regenerated while the other is operative so that the flow may be continuously passed through the bed.

Abstract: In a PFC decomposing apparatus according to the present invention, PFC contained in a discharged gas is decomposed in catalyst cartridge 3 packed with a catalyst containing 80% Al2O3 and 20% NiO. The discharged gas containing acid gases as a decomposition gas is cooled in cooling chamber 6 and led to discharged gas washing column 13, where the acid gases are removed. Mists of acid gases (SO3 mists or NOx mists) entrained in the discharged gas are separed in cyclone 16. Compressed air at about 0.1 Mpa is fed to ejector 24 through air feed pipe 56. The interior of ejector 24 is brought into a negative pressure state by the compressed air to such the discharged gas from cyclone 16 and ejector. Ejector 24 can reduce a frequency of maintenance inspection, as compared with a blower.

Abstract: A system of selective catalytic reduction units for reducing nitrogen oxides by operating a plurality of parallel combustion units in parallel with a spare selective catalytic reduction reactor is disclosed. A primary selective catalytic reactor with spent catalyst is isolated for maintenance while the flue gas is diverted to the spare selective catalytic reduction reactor while continuing to discharge flue gas essentially free of nitrogen oxides from the spare selective catalytic reduction reactor. The spare selective catalytic reduction reactor can include a spare induced draft fan to provide an alternate means for operation and maintenance.

Abstract: A gas stream containing e.g. molecular hydrogen is used for the regeneration of a catalyst for NOx and S02 removal from the flue gas of a gas turbine. In order to reduce the consumption of regeneration gas, the gas inlet is located between the SCOSOx catalyst (2) and the SCONOx catalyst (3). The regeneration gas leaves the catalyst chamber upstream of the SCOSOx catalyst and is recycled. For the regeneration of the SCONOx catalyst and to keep SO2 containing gas from entering the SCONOx catalyst, a second regeneration gas inlet is located downstream of the SCONOx catalyst. The regeneration gas entering the catalyst chamber through this port passes the SCONOx (3) and the SCOSOx catalyst (2). The direction of the flow in the SCONOx catalyst can also be reversed. In another example, regeneration gas outlets are located both upstream of the SCOSOx and downstream of the SCONOx catalyst. But, only the regeneration gas from the SCONOx catalyst is recycled.

Abstract: Exhaust gas to be cleaned is introduced into a conversion and mixing duct and the exhaust gas flows through the duct along a predetermined longitudinal direction. A reducing agent, such as aqueous urea solution, is injected into the exhaust gas stream in the conversion and mixing duct. The exhaust gas stream is then deflected into a reaction duct which extends parallel to or coaxially around the conversion and mixing duct. The exhaust gas then flows in the opposite direction through the reaction duct. A reduction catalyst is disposed in the reaction duct, where the reducible components of the exhaust gas are reduced. The exhaust gas cleaned in this manner is then discharged from the reaction duct.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification device includes a porous body of catalytic material of the general formula AaBbO4 disposed in an exhaust gas stream of an engine. The porous body of catalytic material has a characteristic response temperature above which it is catalytically active to reduce pollutants in the presence of a reducing agent. The porous body stores at least 20% by volume hydrocarbons at temperatures below the response temperature. A represent at least one element selected from Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ti and A+B is less than 3, A is greater than 0 and B greater than 0.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for maintaining a volumetric gas to liquid ratio in a segmented gas/liquid flow along a reactor of monolithic catalyst beds in series. The present invention includes the steps of: initiating the segmented gas/liquid flow at a first end of the reactor by introducing feed liquid and feed gas both at a predetermined volume and a predetermined flow rate; injecting an additional amount of gas at least once into any of the spaces between catalyst beds; and combining the segments of the segmented gas/liquid flow at a second end of the reactor. The injection of gas is controlled such that the segmented gas/liquid flow can be maintained near or at the Taylor regime.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for sulfur recovery uses a scrubber tower with a plurality of vertically spaced scrubber trays in the tower. Sulfide-lean liquor is supplied to each of the trays and an acid gas is supplied to the tower below the trays. A downcomer extends in the tower and through the trays for accumulating liquid from the trays and moving the liquid to the bottom of the tower. The sulfide-lean liquor and acid gas are selected to form a sulfite-rich or sulfide-rich liquor in each of the trays which are brought to the bottom of the tower through the downcomer for removal from the tower.

Abstract: An exhaust heat recovery boiler in which an exhaust gas discharged from a gas turbine into a boiler duct to recover a heat of the exhaust gas and ammonia is injected to and mixed with the exhaust gas to reduce nitrogen oxide contained in the exhaust gas, the exhaust heat recovery boiler comprising: a boiler duct of a horizontal installation type having an inner hollow portion along which an exhaust gas flows from an upstream side to a downstream side; a superheater; an evaporator; a denitration reactor; and an economizer, which are disposed inside the boiler duct in this order from the upstream side to the downstream side of the exhaust gas flow therein. A drum is disposed outside the boiler duct and connected to the evaporator and a downcomer pipe extending from the drum into the boiler duct.

Abstract: Enclosed workplaces within a building are kept habitable by a central HVAC (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) system. These systems are designed and operated in accordance with professional standards-of-care promulgated by ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers), the ASHRAE 62-1989 Standard. An intent of the Standard is to preclude the recirculation of contaminants which, without mitigation, degrade indoor air quality. The disclosure is directed to an insertion module for installation in the return air path of an HVAC system that includes first and second stages that reduce nitrogen dioxide and ozone contaminants, in a gas-to-gas dry process reaction, to set point controlled levels in the return air.

Abstract: A mercury removal system for removing mercury from combustion flue gases is provided in which alkaline sorbents at generally extremely low stoichiometric molar ratios of alkaline earth or an alkali metal to sulfur of less than 1.0 are injected into a power plant system at one or more locations to remove at least between about 40% and 60% of the mercury content from combustion flue gases. Small amounts of alkaline sorbents are injected into the flue gas stream at a relatively low rate. A particulate filter is used to remove mercury-containing particles downstream of each injection point used in the power plant system.

Abstract: A vessel for regenerating a catalyst for reforming or for aromatic compound production comprising a support, at least one noble metal and chlorine, the catalyst being in the form of a moving bed, said vessel comprising at least one combustion zone (A) provided with at least one conduit (9) for introducing oxygen gas and at least one conduit (5) for evacuating gasses from the combustion step, at least one oxychlorination zone (B) and at least one calcining zone (C) provided with at least one conduit (18) for introducing an oxygen-containing gas, said vessel also comprising at least one conduit (1) for introducing catalyst into the vessel, at least one conduit (3) for introducing catalyst from the combustion zone into the following oxychlorination zone (B), and at least one conduit (21) for evacuating gases from the oxychlorination zone comprising at least one means (20) for introducing least one chlorinating agent and at least one means (19) for introducing water and at least one means (17) for introducing an

Abstract: A process for cleaning flue gases containing ash and sulfur dioxide produced by burning sulfur-containing coal in the combustion chamber of a circulating fluidized-bed firing system includes delivering a particulate SO2 sorbent into the combustion chamber. A mixture including portions of the ash, the reaction product produced in the reaction of the SO2 sorbent with the sulfur dioxide, and unreacted SO2 sorbent is fed from the combustion chamber to a mixing unit. In the mixing unit, water or an aqueous sodium-containing solution is mixed with this mixture and the unreacted SO2 sorbent is converted into a hydration product at a reaction temperature of 60° to 100° and at atmospheric pressure. The ash, the reaction product, and the hydration product is returned from the mixing unit into the combustion chamber, and the hydration product is reactivated to an SO2 sorbent at a combustion-chamber temperature of 700° to 950° C.

Abstract: An improved gas scrubber is provided. The gas scrubber includes a combustion chamber and a wetting chamber. Between the combustion chamber and the wetting chamber is a mechanism or means that substantially prevent formation of particulate matter, or powder, forming between the two chambers. The combustion chamber serves to eliminate explosive and flammable elements contained in an incoming gas. Those elements are eliminated by burning the incoming gas. The wetting chamber may be placed below the combustion chamber to eliminate a water soluble element of the gas which is not burned in the combustion chamber by dissolving those elements in water. The mechanism or means placed between the two chambers helps eliminate the powder produced due to the temperature difference between the combustion chamber and the wetting chamber at the interface between the two chambers.

Abstract: A device for exhaust gas after treatment of diesel engines has one or more storage containers containing an urea solution and having a flexible wall. At least one compressed air conduit is connected to a mixing area and supplies compressed air to the mixing area. A pump conveys the urea solution from the storage container to the mixing area where a mist of the urea solution and the compressed air is formed. In another embodiment, the pump is eliminated and the urea solution is conveyed under its own weight from the storage container to the mixing area. In yet another embodiment, a pressure chamber is provided in which the storage container is arranged. A compressed air supply conduit is connected to the pressure chamber and pressurizes the exterior of the storage container.

Abstract: Flue gas, in particular from a steam generator, requires cleaning. A catalytic converter for deNOxing the flue gas, which is used, for example, to heat an air preheater, is often employed for this purpose. Residues of a reducing agent react with unconverted sulfur oxide and form a substance which damages the air preheater. To suppress this reaction, there is provided a first mixer for more uniformly mixing the flue gas with the reducing agent downstream of the catalytic converter, as seen in the direction of flow.

Abstract: The exhaust gas purification device according to the present invention utilizes two NOx absorbents in order to remove NOx from the exhaust gas of an engine operated at a lean air-fuel ratio. The NOx absorbents are disposed, in series, in the exhaust passage of the engine and a nozzle for supplying a reducing agent is disposed in the exhaust passage at a position between the two NOx absorbents. Further, the device includes switching valves for changing the direction of the exhaust gas flow in the exhaust gas passage. When the switching valves are set to direct the exhaust gas flow to one direction, the exhaust gas first flows through one of the NOx absorbents (first NOx absorbent), and after passing through the first NOx absorbent, the reducing agent is supplied to the exhaust gas before it flows into the other NOx absorbent (second NOx absorbent). Thus, the first NOx absorbent absorbs NOx in the exhaust gas, and the NOx absorbed by the second NOabsorbent is released from the second NOx absorbent.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for the operation of a compact water gas shift reactor for use in conjunction with fuel cell to generate electric power from a feed stream comprising a hydrocarbon or an alcohol. The fuel cell comprises a proton exchange membrane which produces electric power from a hydrogen product stream which comprises essentially no carbon monoxide. The hydrogen product stream may produced from the feed stream in a steam reforming of autothermal reforming zone. The compact water gas shift reactor comprises a vertically aligned vessel having a top end, a bottom end opposite, which defines an interior space. The interior space contains a first water spray zone for contacting a reforming effluent stream comprising hydrogen with a first water stream. A first dispersion zone is disposed below the first water spray zone and above a high temperature shift zone. The high temperature shift zone contains a high temperature shift catalyst to produce a high temperature shift effluent stream.

Abstract: A process for purifying a gas stream containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide consisting of one or more catalysed reactions for the selective removal of carbon monoxide from the gas stream wherein a controlled amount of liquid water is introduced into the gas stream prior to some of the catalysed reactions so as to lower the temperature of the gas stream to a predetermined value at which preferential removal of carbon monoxide takes place in the associated catalysed reaction. The catalysed reactions may be selective oxidation, selective methanation or combination thereof. The process of the invention may be operated in combination with a water-gas shift reaction for the reduction of carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas stream.

Abstract: In many situations where the maximum NOx reduction capabilities of conventional SCR systems are not necessary, and alternative SNCR systems may not economically provide desired NOx reduction, a staged SCR/SNCR system is believed to be the most appropriate solution available. By means of the present invention, a system has been developed for delivering NOx reduction agents from a common urea feedstock, when it is appropriate to use combined NOx treatment stages (i.e. SNCR within the boiler followed by in-duct SCR and/or catalyzed air preheater elements). For the SNCR stage, the urea from the common feedstock is diluted prior to injection into the boiler and, for the SCR stage, the urea from the common feedstock is used to produce ammonia using hydrolysis. Urea solution which is not converted to ammonia in the hydrolyzer, is used for dilution of the solution being delivered to the SNCR system.

Abstract: A combined removal system for separating carbon dioxide and sulfur oxide gases from furnace flue gases employs a single vessel having two chambers. The chambers are separated by a series of baffles and drains. The lower, primary chamber contains reagent and a delivery system for removing sulfur oxides (SO2 and SO3) from the flue gases. The upper, secondary chamber has a reagent, typically an amine solution, for removing carbon dioxide from the flue gases. The baffles and drains permit the flue gases to rise from the primary chamber into the secondary chamber, while collecting the amine solution which is used to trap the carbon dioxide. Alternatively, the primary and secondary chambers may be separated by a horizontal segment or a combination of horizontal and vertical sections.

Abstract: A purifier of a noxious gas is provided with means for supplying a gas containing a noxious gas component, buffer means using a liquid which dissolves the noxious gas component in the supplied gas temporarily and later releases the dissolved noxious gas component, and means for purifying the noxious gas component in the gas supplied from the buffer means. The liquid in the buffer means dissolves the noxious gas component when the concentration of the noxious gas component in the supplied gas is high and releases the noxious gas component dissolved thus far when the concentration is low. When the noxious gas is ethylene oxide, water is used as the liquid.

Abstract: A CFB reactor or combustor having a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system employed downstream of the CFB reactor or combustor furnace together with a dry scrubber system to achieve enhanced NO, reduction.

Abstract: Remediation of gases is accomplished by intimately mixing the products of combustion with a minute quantity of ozone to convert pollutants to highly soluble compounds. The resulting gas mixture is then reduced in temperature and the problematic gas constituents are placed into solution. This is accomplished through the use of one or more water spray towers, placed in series with the gas flow. The clean gas is released. The contaminated water is remediated by water treatment methods and apparatuses, such as those employing the CBR Patents.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing pollutant concentration within an internal combustion engine exhaust stream is disclosed. Soot and products of incomplete combustion in the engine exhaust stream are destroyed by oxidizing them in a flameless thermal oxidizer that contains a matrix of heat-resistant media. Methods and systems for increasing particle residence time within the thermal oxidizer are also disclosed. These techniques include employing electrostatic precipitation, centrifugal force, and particle impaction sections. A method and system for reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions is also disclosed. Low NOx concentration may be obtained by adding a SCR system after a thermal oxidizer, by tuning the engine to produce low NOx/high soot and destroying the soot in a thermal oxidizer, and by injecting a reductant into the thermal oxidizer. The flameless thermal oxidizer may be located between the engine and a turbo-charger to enhance thermal efficiency and to reduce turbo-charger wear.