Abstract: A honeycomb body includes a housing and a plurality of layers with a curved profile and a predetermined length. Each layer includes at least one at least partially structured metal foil forming a multiplicity of passages with a passage cross section. A majority of the layers have different lengths than one another. A process for producing a honeycomb body, a process for treating exhaust gas, and an exhaust gas assembly, are also provided.

Abstract: A method of reducing NOx in a lean burn engine exhaust stream from a hydrocarbon burning engine may be first passing the exhaust stream over a thrifted diesel oxidation catalyst that substantially completes the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and the oxidation of hydrocarbons (HC) to carbon dioxide and water. Next, separate additions of ozone and ammonia or urea may be introduced to the exhaust gas stream upstream of the catalytic reduction reactor at temperatures below 250 degrees Celsius. The additions of ozone and ammonia or urea modify the exhaust gas composition to improve the performance of NOx reduction catalysts in the catalytic reduction reactor. At temperatures above 250 degrees, the ozone addition may be reduced or eliminated, while the ammonia addition can be controlled as a function of the amount of NOx in the exhaust stream and the temperature of the catalytic reduction reactor.

Abstract: The present invention provides honeycomb ceramic articles and methods of manufacturing such articles having few or no defects in the outer skin. Methods for minimizing and/or eliminating cracks in thin-wall and ultra-thin-wall cordierite honeycomb articles are disclosed. Advantageously, the present invention prevents skin cracks from forming during the production of thin-wall and ultra-thin-wall cordierite honeycomb articles by optimizing skin properties such as porosity, thickness and pore size distribution.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises parallel first and second exhaust gas passageways, a urea injection system, a hydrolysis catalyst, and an SCR catalyst. The urea injection system is configured to inject urea into the first exhaust gas passageway. The hydrolysis catalyst is positioned in the first exhaust gas passageway to generate ammonia at least partially from urea injected into the first exhaust gas passageway by the urea injection system. The SCR catalyst is positioned downstream to reduce NOx with the generated ammonia. An associated method is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mercury removing apparatus and a mercury removing method in which a mercury removing ratio is improved with low cost, the mercury removing apparatus removes mercury from exhaust gas generated by coal combustion, an acidic solution spraying nozzle for spraying sulfuric acid into exhaust gas is provided on the down stream side of an absorption tower for removing sulfur oxide from the exhaust gas.

Abstract: Mounted on an upper surface of a container main body are a base of a water level indicator detecting a remaining amount of liquid reducing agent, a base of a densitometer detecting concentration of liquid reducing agent, a heat exchanger surrounding detectors of the water level indicator and the densitometer, and circulating engine coolant for heat exchange between liquid reducing agent and engine coolant, and a suction tube for sucking liquid reducing agent from a position adjacent to the bottom of container main body and between water level indicator and densitometer. A box-shaped protector surrounds the water level indicator, densitometer and suction tube which are located in a region adjacent to a lower portion of the heat exchanger. Heat from the heat exchanger is trapped in the protector to generate convection in that region, thereby unfreezing frozen liquid reducing agent around the water level indicator, densitometer and suction tube.

Abstract: An exhaust emission purifying apparatus of the present invention has a casing that includes therein a plurality of layered passages which is formed by partitioning an inside of the casing to thereby allow an exhaust passage from an exhaust emission inlet to an exhaust emission outlet to be folded in its direction once or more, a reduction catalyst that reductively purifies NOx by using a reducing agent, a nozzle that injects the reducing agent or a precursor thereof to an exhaust upstream side of the reduction catalyst, and a filter (DPF) that collects PM suspended in an exhaust emission. The reduction catalyst and the filter are disposed in the different layered passages. Consequently, a more compact exhaust emission purifying apparatus having both NOx removal function and PM collection function can be provided.

Abstract: A porous ceramic honeycomb filter manufactured from an oxide-based ceramic material having a pore size distribution with d1?7.0 microns. Preferably, the oxide-based material is cordierite or aluminum titanate. Alternatively, the filter contains a cordierite-containing ceramic body with a narrow pore size distribution with db?1.00, wherein db=(d90?d10)/d50. Also disclosed is a batch mixture, method and honeycomb green body made from mixture of inorganic source materials selected from the group of magnesia sources, alumina sources, and silica sources, and a pore former having a narrow particle size distribution with dps?0.90, wherein dps={(dp90?dp10)/dp50}. The pore former is preferably selected from a group consisting of canna starch, sago palm starch, green mung bean starch, and single-mode potato starch.

Abstract: A thermal reactor for use during the abatement of a semiconductor manufacturing process is provided, including a thermal reaction unit having: an interior porous wall that defines a central chamber, the interior porous wall formed from a plurality of stacked porous sections; at least one gas inlet in fluid communication with the central chamber and adapted to introduce gaseous waste stream to the central chamber; a thermal mechanism positioned within the central chamber and adapted to decompose the gaseous waste stream within the central chamber, thereby forming reaction products; and a fluid delivery system adapted to provide a fluid to the central chamber through the interior porous wall at a sufficient force to reduce deposition of reaction products on an inner surface of the interior porous wall of the central chamber; wherein at least one of the porous sections has one or more of: a property that varies within the porous section; and a property that differs from a property of at least one other porous se

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for controlled combustion and decomposition of gaseous pollutants while reducing deposition of unwanted reaction products from within the treatment systems. The systems include a novel thermal reaction chamber design having stacked reticulated ceramic rings through which fluid, e.g., gases, may be directed to form a boundary layer along the interior wall of the thermal reaction chamber, thereby reducing particulate matter buildup thereon. The systems further include the introduction of fluids from the center pilot jet to alter the aerodynamics of the interior of the thermal reaction chamber.

Abstract: A group of at least two gas-flow reactors (21, 22, 2?2, . . . , 2n, 2?n) preferably with an ascending gas flow (3), are supplied in parallel with gas and with a chemical neutralization and/or sorption agent of the pulverulent material type capable of adsorbing effluents present in the gas flow by bringing the chemical neutralization and/or sorption agent in contact with the gas flow, the at least two reactors having elements (10) for collecting the chemical neutralization and/or sorption agent after contact with the gas flow. At least one of the two reactors has elements (11) for discharging the chemical neutralization and/or or sorption agent, after contact with the gas flow, these discharge elements being connected to the collecting elements, and members (7, 16) for injecting the chemical neutralization and/or sorption agent into at least one other of the at least two reactors.

Abstract: An automatic VOC concentration control apparatus is capable of adjusting the concentration of VOC in a catalytic device under a predetermined value. The automatic VOC concentration control apparatus includes a housing having an inlet port and an outlet port for introducing and discharging VOC vapor, respectively, one or more cooling tubes for cooling the VOC vapor introduced through the inlet port, and one or more porous members for holding droplets of VOC liquid thereon as the VOC vapor is condensed into liquid.

Abstract: A filter composed of a filter medium (10) formed from a corrugated filter layer (11) and a flat filter sheet (12) which are interconnected by embossing points (15). This eliminates the need for an additional joining agent. Production of the filter is simplified because no additional materials are required to be supplied or cured.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing nitrous oxides in diesel exhaust with hydrogen and carbon monoxide over a palladium based catalyst. The catalyst comprises a compound represented by the formula: X % Pd—Y % V2O5/Z, where X is between about 0.1 to about 2.0, Y is between about 0.1 to about 7.0, and Z is an oxide support.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system includes an on-board ammonia generation system that produces nitrogen from air and hydrogen from a source of a hydrogen-containing compound, and generates an ammonia product from the nitrogen and hydrogen to provide the ammonia product into an exhaust from a NOx generator to reduce the NOx in the exhaust. Oxygen from one or both of the nitrogen generator and the hydrogen generation cell can be supplied to the NOx generator for cleaner combustion or to a particulate filter for cleaning the filter. H2O from the NOx generator can at least partially provide a water source for the hydrogen generation cell.

Abstract: An air pollutant control system comprises: a denitration apparatus that reduces nitrogen oxide in flue gas discharged from a coal combustion boiler, and that sprays hydrogen chloride into the gas to oxidize mercury, an air heater that recovers heat in gas, a dust collector that reduces dust in gas, a desulfurization apparatus that reduces sulfur oxide in gas from which the dust has been reduced, a hydrogen chloride vaporizer that evaporates concentrated hydrochloric acid to obtain the hydrogen chloride, and a hydrochloric acid neutralization tank where dilute hydrochloric acid discharged from the hydrogen chloride vaporizer or the concentrated hydrochloric acid is neutralized with an alkali agent. Neutralized chloride is supplied to a fuel feeder, mixed with a fuel, and then burned as a fuel in a boiler to produce hydrogen chloride in flue gas. Together with sprayed hydrogen chloride derived from the hydrogen chloride vaporizer, the mercury is reduced.

Abstract: A purification method excellent in removing particulates or the like from exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, in particular, a diesel engine or the like. The purification method uses an exhaust gas purification apparatus including an oxidation zone installed with an oxidation catalyst supporting both platinum and palladium, and a filtering zone installed with a particulate filter, along exhaust gas flow at the exhaust gas passage of an internal combustion engine. Hydrocarbon-based liquid is supplied to the inflow side of the exhaust gas of the oxidation zone at the time when 2 to 10 g of particulates per 1 liter of the particulate filter are caught, to raise temperature of the exhaust gas up to equal to or higher than 550° C. by the oxidation catalyst so as to make the residue of the particulate filter combusted.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon processing devices and systems are constructed to modify the combustion characteristics of hydrocarbon fuels and emissions for the purpose of emissions reduction and to increase the overall performance characteristics of the engine. According to one exemplary embodiment, a catalytic device for processing a fluid containing hydrocarbons includes a reactive body formed of a plurality of metallic materials arranged in a layered structure. The plurality of metallic materials is formed of at least two different materials. The body has an inner core member having a first density and another region, that is formed along a longitudinal length of the rolled layered structure, has a second density which is less than the first density.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, an apparatus is provided for use in removing pollutants from a gas stream. The apparatus includes a thermal reaction unit formed from a plurality of stacked porous ceramic rings. At least one of the stacked ceramic sections may be adapted to allow sensing of a characteristic of contents of the central chamber. In some embodiments, waste gas inlets to the thermal reaction unit may be angled to create a helical vortex within the thermal reaction unit. Other aspects are provided.

Abstract: A catalytic converter having a pair of catalytic converter members disposed in a housing. A pair of catalytic converter members is disposed within the housing along a longitudinal axis of the housing. A annular structure is disposed within the housing between the pair of catalytic converter members, such annular structure having a hollow inner region disposed along the longitudinal axis to enable exhaust gases introduced into the housing to pass from a frontal one of the pair of catalytic converter members, though the hollow region of the annular structure, to a rearward one of the pair of catalytic converter members. The annular structure terminates at a front edge and rear edge. The front edge engages a rear, outer peripheral portion of the frontal one of pair of catalytic converter members and the rear edge engages a frontal, outer peripheral portion of the rearward one of the pair of catalytic converter members.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermal reactor apparatus used to treat industrial effluent fluids, for example waste effluent produced in semiconductor and liquid crystal display manufacturing processes. Specifically, the present invention relates to improved monitoring and control features for the thermal reactor apparatus, including a flame sensing device, an intrinsically safe flammable gas sensing device, and a sequential mode of operation having built-in safety redundancy. The improved monitoring and control features ensure the safe and efficient abatement of waste effluent within the thermal reactor apparatus.

Abstract: An injection device for humidifying a reactor space and injecting and dispersing reagents into the humidified reactor space, including an exterior injection duct for high-velocity gas injection and at least one interior injector for reagent and humidifying agent injection as droplets with a droplet environment. The high-velocity gas ensuring the humidification of the liquid droplet environment and mixing and dispersion of the liquid reagent droplets into the reactor. A multiple injection device system and a method for operating the system are also described.

Abstract: This structure (11) comprises first and second filtering elements (15A, 15B) extending essentially parallel to a longitudinal axis (X-X?) of the structure (11) between an admission region (21) of the gases into the structure (11) and an evacuation region (23) of the gases from the structure, and comprises a seal (17) for joining these elements (15A, 15B). The seal (17) comprises at least one downstream pat (43) which has a thermal mass per unit length greater than the thermal mass per unit length of an upstream part (41) of the seal (17). The invention is for use in particulate filters for the exhaust gases of a motor vehicle diesel engine.

Abstract: A honeycomb filter includes a plurality of honeycomb fired bodies each having a longitudinal direction and a plurality of cells which are divided by cell walls and which extend in the longitudinal direction in substantially parallel with each other, each of the cells having one end sealed; and an adhesive material binding the plurality of honeycomb fired bodies. The plurality of honeycomb fired bodies includes outer peripheral honeycomb fired bodies each having a first outer wall and positioned at an outermost periphery of the honeycomb filter; and inner honeycomb fired bodies surrounded by the outer peripheral honeycomb fired bodies. Each of the inner honeycomb fired bodies has a second outer wall thinner than the first outer wall.

Abstract: A scrubber for scrubbing at least one pollutant from flue gas includes a first stage configured to provide a chemical oxidant to a stream of flue gas, and a second stage configured to provide a chemical or chemicals to the stream of flue gas, a scrubbing medium recirculation feature configured to continuously recirculate a slurry used in the second stage, and a by-product processing portion configured to remove a by-product from a stream of slurry withdrawn from the scrubber. The by-product includes reaction products of at least one pollutant.

Abstract: An exhaust gas system for an internal combustion engine, comprising an oxidation catalytic converter disposed in a first exhaust gas manifold section with which the exhaust gas outlets of a first portion of the cylinders communicate, and a hydrolysis catalytic converter disposed in a second exhaust gas manifold section with which the exhaust gas outlets of the remaining portion of the cylinders communicate. The hydrolysis catalytic converter, together with the oxidation catalytic converter that annularly surrounds it, are installed in a common housing. A tubular portion of the second exhaust gas manifold section extends into the housing and accommodates the hydrolysis catalytic converter in its end portion. A tubular portion of a first exhaust gas manifold section surrounds the tubular portion of the second exhaust gas manifold section, resulting in an annular in-flow chamber for the oxidation catalytic converter that simultaneously serves as a heating chamber.

Abstract: A vehicle exhaust gas purification device has a multipart outer housing (10) including a tube (12) and end walls (14) that have been reshaped into funnels. The tube (12) and the end walls (14) are fitted into each other and brazed, soldered or welded to each other.

Abstract: A biomass feeding unit feeds biomass to a boiler. A hydrogen-chlorine monitoring unit measures hydrogen-chloride content in flue gas fed to a desulfurization equipment. A mercury monitoring unit measures mercury content in treated flue gas emitted from the desulfurization equipment. A feed-amount instruction unit instructs proper feed amount of the biomass to the biomass feeding unit based on measurement values obtained by the hydrogen-chlorine monitoring unit and the mercury monitoring unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a honeycomb monolithic element for the filtration of particles, characterized in that the peripheral channels forming part of the outer wall of said element are configured to help in the formation of an outer wall whose inner face is substantially flat over the whole length of the element and in that said flat wall also has an increased thickness at the corners, so that, on a cross section, the ratio R of the thickness Ec of the wall, measured along the bisecting line of the angle at a corner of the element, over the minimal thickness Emin of said wall is greater than 1.5.

Abstract: Disclosed are ceramic honeycomb articles, which are composed predominately of a crystalline phase cordierite composition. The ceramic honeycomb articles possess a microstructure characterized by a unique combination of relatively high total porosity of less than 54%, and relatively narrow pore size distribution having a d10 pore diameter of not less than 8 ?m, a d90 pore diameter of not greater than 35 ?m, and a value of df=(d50?d10)/d50 of less than 0.50. The articles exhibit high thermal durability and high filtration efficiency coupled with low pressure drop across the filter. Such ceramic articles are particularly well suited for filtration applications, such as diesel exhaust filters or DPFs. Also disclosed are methods for manufacturing the ceramic articles of the present invention.

Abstract: A honeycomb filter for purifying exhaust gases that is free from occurrence of cracks and coming-off of plugs and is superior in durability upon its use. The honeycomb filter includes a columnar body made of porous ceramics, which has a number of through holes placed in parallel with one another in the length direction with wall portion interposed therebetween, designed so that predetermined of the through holes are filled with plugs at one end of the columnar body, while the through holes not filled with the plugs at the one end are filled with plugs at the other end of the columnar body, and part of or the entire wall portion functions as a plug for collecting particles. A bending strength F? (MPa) of the honeycomb filter and a length L (mm) of the plug in the length direction of the through hole satisfy the relationship of F?×L?30.

Abstract: A thermal abatement system is provided, including: a thermal abatement reactor; an inlet in fluid communication with the reactor; a process chamber in fluid communication with the inlet; a first sheathing fluid source in fluid communication with the inlet; a first flow control device, adapted to regulate a flow of a first sheathing fluid from the first sheathing fluid source; and a controller, in signal communication with the first flow control device, adapted to regulate the sheathing fluid by operating the first flow control device; wherein the inlet is adapted to receive an effluent stream from the process chamber and the first sheathing fluid from the first sheathing fluid source, to sheathe the effluent stream with the first sheathing fluid to form a sheathed effluent stream, and to introduce the sheathed effluent stream into the reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses, systems, and methods for treating exhaust. The disclosed apparatus and systems typically include a catalytic device for converting aqueous urea to ammonia. The catalytic device may include a pyrolysis catalyst and a hydrolysis catalyst for converting aqueous urea to ammonia. The catalytic device typically includes an upstream face that is positioned at an angle relative to exhaust flow when the device is positioned in a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system.

Abstract: A multi-bed selective catalytic reduction system comprising a gas input duct, a first ammonia injection grid assembly located downstream from the gas input duct, a first selective catalytic reduction catalyst assembly located downstream from the first ammonia injection grid assembly, a second ammonia injection grid assembly located downstream from the first selective catalytic reduction catalyst assembly, a second selective catalytic reduction catalyst assembly located downstream from the second ammonia injection grid assembly, and an exhaust stack located downstream from the second selective catalytic reduction catalyst assembly.

Abstract: A method of storing and delivering ammonia and the use of electromagnetic radiation for desorption of ammonia from a chemical complex. Solid metal ammine complexes are applied for safe and high-density storage of ammonia to be released for use as reducing agent in selective catalytic reduction of NOx in exhaust gases. The compositional formula of the metal ammine complexes is M(NH3)nXz, where M2+ represents one or more metal ions capable of binding ammonia, X represents one or more anions, n is the coordination number (from 2 to 12), and z the valency of the metal ion (and thus the total number of compensating anion charges).

Abstract: Localized catalyst activity in an SCR unit for controlling emissions from a boiler, power plant, or any facility that generates NOx-containing flue gases is monitored by one or more modules that operate on-line without disrupting the normal operation of the facility. Each module is positioned over a designated lateral area of one of the catalyst beds in the SCR unit, and supplies ammonia, urea, or other suitable reductant to the catalyst in the designated area at a rate that produces an excess of the reductant over NOx on a molar basis through the designated area. Sampling probes upstream and downstream of the designated area draw samples of the gas stream for NOx analysis, and the catalyst activity is determined from the difference in NOx levels between the two probes.

Abstract: A gas generating system comprises a catalytic reactor in fluid communication with a sulfur separator. The catalytic reactor oxidizes a fuel to provide a supply of carbon dioxide. The sulfur separator removes sulfur components from the stream before or after the fuel is oxidized. A portion of the hot exhaust gas from the catalytic reactor can be used to regenerate an adsorption bed of the sulfur separator.

Abstract: A diesel exhaust filter construction includes a rectangular filter block, an elongated non-rectangular jacket with oval cross section, and support structure supporting the filter block in a center of the jacket. The support structure includes shielding components forming an insulating air gap with the jacket around the filter block (including a double-layered air gap in “hot” areas), and further includes support structure slidably supporting one end of the filter block to accommodate dissimilar thermal expansion. The structure further includes baffling components with angled surfaces directing input exhaust gases along efficient flow paths from an inlet cone into front, rear, and opposite sides of the filter block and further directing output exhaust gases from top and bottom sides of the filter block toward a longitudinally-centered outlet cone. Some components are identical is shape and size for use in different locations on the construction, thus simplifying tooling.

Abstract: To provide a process and an apparatus for treating a waste anesthetic gas containing a volatile anesthetic and nitrous oxide, discharged from an operating room. In the present invention, a waste anesthetic gas containing a volatile anesthetic and nitrous oxide is introduced into an adsorbing cylinder filled with an adsorbent, where the volatile anesthetic contained in the waste anesthetic gas is adsorbed and thereby removed, and successively this gas is introduced into a catalyst layer filled with a nitrous oxide decomposition catalyst, where nitrous oxide is decomposed into nitrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: A process and device for purifying flue gases in refuse incineration plants during regeneration of a catalyst which serves for reducing nitrogen oxides, by, in a first step, removing acidic pollutant gases from the flue gas in a wet or dry manner, in a second step adding ammonia for reducing nitrogen oxides to the flue gas purified in the first step, in a third step feeding the flue gas admixed with the ammonia to a catalyst, where the catalyst is heated at a controlled heat-up rate for regeneration, which leads to liberation of ammonia, where the amount of ammonia added in the second step and the heat-up rate in the third step are controlled by the amount of a pollutant gas selected from the group of ammonia, and which the purified flue gas contains.

Abstract: An active system for regenerating a NOx adsorber and a particulate filter, the system includes a fuel source, a reformer for generating hydrogen and carbon monoxide in fluid communication with the fuel source, a first valve, a second valve, and a third valve in fluid communication with the reformer, an oxidation catalyst, a NOx adsorber located downstream from the oxidation catalyst, a particulate filter located downstream from the NOx adsorber; and wherein the first valve, the second valve, and the third valve control fluid flow from the reformer to the oxidation catalyst, the NOx adsorber, and the particulate filter.

Abstract: A method for controlling an urea-SCR system may include a first step for calculating a target urea injection amount, a second step that uses urea injection pressure and urea injection time to calculate a real urea injection amount, a third step that calculates a difference value between the target urea injection amount and the real urea injection amount, and monitors the difference value at a predetermined time interval, a fourth step that accumulates difference values for a determined time when the difference value exceeds a predetermined level, and transfers an alarm signal to a driver when the average value thereof exceeds a predetermined level, and/or a fifth step that starts to accumulate a number of engine starts and driving distance after transferring the alarm signal, and when the number of engine starts is larger than a predetermined value or the driving distance is longer than a predetermined value, if the difference value does not become lower than a predetermined level, executes urea recharging me

Abstract: Methods and apparatus utilizing hydrogen peroxide are useful to reduce SOx and mercury (or other heavy metal) emissions from combustion flue gas streams. The methods and apparatus may further be modified to reduce NOx emissions. Continuous concentration of hydrogen peroxide to levels approaching or exceeding propellant-grade hydrogen peroxide facilitates increased system efficiency. In this manner, combustion flue gas streams can be treated for the removal of SOx and heavy metals, while isolating useful by-products streams of sulfuric acid as well as solids for the recovery of the heavy metals. Where removal of NOx emissions is included, nitric acid may also be isolated for use in fertilizer or other industrial applications.

Abstract: A process for reducing nitrogen oxides and halogenated organic compounds in an incineration plant having at least one combustion chamber. The process comprises separating out fly ash using a dust collector. Water is added to and hydrochloric acid separated out in a first acid-operated scrubber. Water and ammonia are added so as to separate out sulphur dioxide in a second neutral or slightly acid-operated scrubber so as to form ammonium sulphite, a portion of the ammonium sulphite thereby reacts with oxygen so as to form an aqueous ammonium sulphate/ammonium sulphite solution. The aqueous ammonium sulphate/ammonium sulphite solution is introduced into an oxygen-containing smoke gas downstream of a secondary gas introduction area so as to decompose the ammonium sulphate and ammonium sulphite so as to form ammonia and sulphur dioxide.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing emissions of PCDD and PCDF in exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine includes a transition metal-containing catalyzer for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxides, and a molecular sieve upstream of the catalyzer, either as a layer on the catalyzer or on a separate structure. The molecular sieve blocks hydrocarbons from reaching the transition metal-containing catalyzer.

Abstract: A controller for directing operation of an air pollution control system performing a process to control emissions of a pollutant has multiple process parameters (MPPs). One or more of the MPPs is a controllable process parameter (CTPP) and one of the MPPs is an amount of the pollutant (AOP) emitted by the system. A defined AOP value (AOPV) represents an objective or limit on an actual value (AV) of the emitted AOP. The controller includes either a neural network process model or a non-neural network process model representing a relationship between each CTPP and the emitted AOP. A control processor has the logic to predict, based on the model, how changes to the current value of each CTPP will affect a future AV of emitted AOP, to select one of the changes in one CTPP based on the predicted affect of that change and on the AOPV, and to direct control of the one CTPP in accordance with the selected change for that CTPP.

Abstract: The invention relates to a urea supply system for a waste gas cleaning catalyst of an internal combustion engine, comprising a urea tank for the receiving of urea solution, a connecting line that connects the urea tank with a waste gas cleaning catalyst, a pump in order to pump urea solution via the connecting line from the urea tank to the catalyst, and a heating insert for the defrosting of frozen urea solution. According to the invention it is provided that the return line is configured and arranged in such a manner that, during operation, because of the urea solution discharged from the return line there is prevented the forming of an air gap between the heating insert and the frozen urea solution. The invention relates also to a heating insert for such a urea supply system.

Abstract: A controller directs operation of an air pollution control (APC) system performing a process to control emissions of a pollutant. The process has multiple process parameters (MPPs), one or more of the MPPs being a controllable process parameters (CTPPs) and one of the MPPs being an amount of the pollutant (AOP) emitted by the system. A user input device identifies an optimization objective. A control processor determines a set point for at least one of the one or more CTPPs based on the current values of the MPPs and the identified optimization objective, and directs control of one of the at least one CTPP based on the determined set point for that CTPP.

Abstract: Alkali-containing bottom ash produced by a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler is recycled to downstream spray dryer absorption (SDA) apparatus to more fully utilize the unused reagent present in the ash, and/or to reduce the amount of reagent used while not increasing NOx generation.

Abstract: A discharge gas treatment apparatus and method which lower treatment cost and which attain efficient removal of mercury contained in a discharge gas are provided. The discharge gas treatment apparatus, includes a cooling apparatus for controlling the temperature of the discharge gas to a predetermined temperature in accordance with the hydrogen chloride concentration of the discharge gas; an NOx removal catalyst unit for reducing nitrogen oxide contained in the discharge gas and for causing reaction between mercury and hydrogen chloride contained in the discharge gas, the discharge gas having been controlled to the predetermined temperature and having been introduced to the apparatus, with ammonia being added thereto; and a wet-format desulfurization apparatus, disposed on the downstream side with respect to the NOx removal catalyst unit, for removing sulfur oxide and mercury chloride contained in the discharge gas through dissolving sulfur oxide and mercury chloride in a liquid absorbent.