Abstract: An exhaust treatment system comprises a particulate matter filter, a first heater element, and a second heater element. The particulate matter (PM) filter filters PM from exhaust gas and includes N zones. Each of the N zones includes an inlet area that receives a portion of the exhaust gas. N is an integer greater than one. The first heater element includes a contact area that heats exhaust gas input to an inlet area of a first one of the N zones. The second heater element includes a second contact area that heats exhaust gas input to an inlet area of a second one of the N zones. A ratio of the contact area of the first heater element to the inlet area of the first zone is greater than a ratio of the contact area of the second heater element to the inlet area of the second zone.

Abstract: Cellular ceramic articles are manufactured from a green cellular ceramic body that includes a binder material and a plurality of channels. At least one of the channels is coated with a slurry that includes a green coating composition and a solvent to form a coating layer. The binder material is insoluble in the solvent.

Abstract: Detecting ash in a diesel particulate filter includes receiving data indicative of signal attenuation for ash-responsive and ash-insensitive RF signals transmitted through a diesel particulate filter containing trapped soot and ash. A difference between the RF signals, such as a difference in signal attenuation, may be leveraged to detect a relative ash loading state or a change in relative ash loading state of the diesel particulate filter, and responsively indicate that filter cleaning is needed.

Abstract: A honeycomb body includes at least one housing and metal foils forming a channel structure. The channel structure is fastened to the housing by a multiplicity of linear brazed connections. A production method for providing the linear brazed connections between the channel structure and the housing and an exhaust gas treatment component having the honeycomb body in an exhaust system of a motor vehicle, are also provided.

Abstract: A reinforced mat (10) for a pollution control device has a first major surface (12), a second major surface (14) and a thickness, and the mat comprises ceramic fibers and a reinforcing mesh (22) disposed between the first major surface and the second major surface such that the mat is generally separated into two layers (16,18) by the mesh. The mesh comprises non-metallic fibers that are spaced-apart so as to define a space therebetween that is large enough that the layers of the mat are integrally joined together through the mesh. The mat has a total organic component weight that is up to about 5% of the total weight of the mat, and the mat is dimensioned for use, either as a mounting mat for mounting a pollution control element or as an insulator for insulating a region within a pollution control device in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment device for an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle, having at least one exhaust gas treatment element, which is supported radially on a housing by a bearing material and is supported axially on the housing by a supporting device, such that the supporting device has a carrier which is connected to the housing by at least one connection site and has at least one receptacle for holding a supporting material which is in contact with the exhaust gas treatment element axially such that the carrier has a cross-sectional contour that widens from the respective receptacle to the respective connection site in the axial direction.

Abstract: A catalytic device and method for forming a catalytic device are described. The devices and methods described can be used for emissions systems in heavy duty diesel engines. In particular, a method of spin forming a catalytic device generally includes disposing a mat about an outer surface of a catalyst substrate and inserting the catalyst substrate and mat inside a shell. The mat is between the shell and the catalyst substrate. The shell, catalyst substrate, and mat can be spin formed into at least a generally elliptical shape but generally other than a circle shape.

Abstract: A filter medium (100) having an inflow side (110) and an outflow side (120) defining a flow direction (190). The filter medium comprises at least n consecutive layers Lx of fiber media, x varying from 1 to n, n being more than or equal to 2. L1 (101) is the layer of the n consecutive layers closest to the inflow side of the filter medium and Ln (103) is the layer of the n consecutive layers closest to the -outflow side of the filter medium. For all layers Lx of the at least n consecutive layers, the ratio Hx/(kx*Ax) is substantially identical, wherein Hx is the average thickness of the layer Lx in flow direction, Ax is the average surface area of cross sections according to planes perpendicular to the flow direction, and kx is the permeability coefficient of this layer Lx. The fiber media of at least part of the layers of the filter medium comprises metal fibers.

Abstract: There is provided a silicon carbide porous article containing silicon carbide particles as an aggregate and an oxide as a bonding material. The silicon carbide particles are bonded together in a state that pores are held among the silicon carbide particles, and an additive amount of the oxide is 0.5 g/m2 or more and below 3.0 g/m2 with respect to a surface area of the silicon carbide particles.

Abstract: A method of firing a green structure to produce a ceramic structure may comprise heating a firing environment during a first stage of firing of a green structure over a first timed temperature cycle having an average ramp rate sufficient to substantially complete burnout of organic material prior to initiation of clay dehydration proximate a core of the ceramic structure. The method may further comprise heating the firing environment during a second stage of the firing over a second timed temperature cycle having an average ramp rate that is faster than the average ramp rate of the first timed temperature cycle.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a filter device for reducing automobile exhaust fume. The filter device includes a case, a front flange mounted inside the case, a rear flange mounted inside the case, and a filter member mounted between the front and rear flanged. The case includes an inlet port, a porous tube and an exhaust port. The filter member includes a laminated-type or rolled-up type metallic foam filter mounted between the front and rear flanges, and a jacket wrapped around the metallic foam filter. The exhaust gas that flows inside the porous tube passes through the metallic foam filter. The jacket is formed in a network form to maintain the shape of the metallic foam filter and provide durability thereto. The jacket is formed with a rectangular vent hole. The jacket holds the metallic foam filter such that the shape, construction and position of the metallic foam filter can be maintained.

Abstract: A method for producing a metallic honeycomb body from metallic layers with channels through which an exhaust gas stream can flow, includes providing the honeycomb body with a coating. Such honeycomb bodies are used in exhaust gas systems of preferably mobile internal combustion engines as catalyst carrier bodies, filters, mixers and/or adsorbers. The coating is provided in a two-stage application and enables the production of exceptionally advantageous coated metallic honeycomb bodies, which are distinguished by a large coating surface and a low flow resistance. At the same time, an exceptionally large surface enlargement is provided in the honeycomb body while using a smaller amount of coating. A honeycomb body is also provided.

Abstract: A motor-vehicle engine system comprises an envelope configured to transmit exhaust. The envelope encloses a first array of filtration cells downstream of a second array of filtration cells. The system further comprises a fuel injector configured to increase a temperature in the envelope when soot is evenly distributed between the first and second arrays in order to address thermal gradients.

Abstract: An exhaust particulate filter for an engine system includes an array of filter cartridges positioned within a shell, each of the cartridges having an electrically powered heating element coupled therewith. Exhaust gases may be distributed among the cartridges according to a single distribution pattern, and the filter can be regenerated without diverting, dividing or bypassing exhaust gases from the filter. The filter cartridges may be cylindrical or wedge-shaped, or of a variety of other configurations. Regeneration may take place according to a non-axial regeneration propagation profile. Other aspects include feedback control and feedforward control of regeneration based on sensing an electrical resistance property of each of the electrically powered heating elements.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying system includes an exhaust gas purifying apparatus provided with a gas inlet side connected to an inlet pipe and a gas outlet side connected to an exhaust pipe. A holding sealing material of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus has a first side face and a second side face. The first side face is positioned on the gas outlet side and has a first slanting face formed on the first side face. The first slanting face has a first inside end point and a first outside end point. The first inside end point is positioned between the gas inlet side and the first outside end point. The first slanting face extends from the first inside end point to the first outside end point and is tilted relative to an end face of an exhaust gas treating body of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus.

Abstract: A particulate filter may comprise an inlet end, an outlet end, and a plurality of parallel channels disposed and configured to flow fluid from the inlet end to the outlet end, the channels being defined by a plurality of porous walls configured to trap particulate matter. The particulate filter may define at least one filtration region including a first group of channels and at least one bypass region including a second group of channels, wherein at least some of the channels in the first group of channels are plugged at an end thereof, wherein the channels in the second group of channels are unplugged, and wherein greater than or equal to about 70% of the plurality of parallel channels are plugged at an end thereof.

Abstract: A honeycomb filter including partition walls having a porous partition wall base material and a surface layer provided on only inflow side or both inflow and outflow sides of the partition wall base material, and satisfying the following conditions capable of using as a DPF. The surface layer has a peak pore diameter of from 0.3 ?m to 20 ?m (exclusive) being equal to or smaller than the average pore diameter of the base material; the porosity of from 60% to 95% (exclusive) when measured by mercury porosimetry being larger than that of the base material; and the thickness L1 of from 0.5% to 30% (exclusive) of the partition wall thickness L2; and mass per filtration area of from 0.01 mg/cm2 to 6 mg/cm2 (exclusive). The base material has an average pore diameter of from 10 ?m to 60 ?m (exclusive) and a porosity of from 40% to 65% (exclusive).

Abstract: A ceramic honeycomb filter comprising a honeycomb structure having a large number of flow paths partitioned by porous cell walls; and plugs formed in the flow paths alternately on the exhaust gas inlet and outlet sides; the thickness W (mm) and permeability ? (?m2) of the cell wall and the length L (mm) and cross section area A (mm2) perpendicular to the length direction of the flow path meeting the relations of 0.1?W?0.5, 8??/W?26.7, and 125?L/A0.5?360.

Abstract: A support element is disposed between a housing and a fragile structure resiliently mounted within the housing. The support element includes an integral, substantially non-expanding ply or layer of melt-formed ceramic fibers containing at least alumina and silica. The fibers have an average diameter ranging from about 1 micron to about 14 microns and have been prepared by a process of heat treating under a time-temperature regimen of one of (i) heat treating said fibers at a temperature of 990° C. to at least 1050° C. for greater than 1 hour such that the treated fibers have about 5 to about 50 percent crystallinity as detected by x-ray diffraction, and a crystallite size of about 50 ? to about 500 ?, or (ii) heat treating said fibers at a temperature of greater than 1050° C. for an effective time such that the treated fibers have about 5 to about 50 percent crystallinity as detected by x-ray diffraction, and a crystallite size of about 50 ? to about 500 ?.

Abstract: A method and to a device for the regeneration of a particle arranged in the exhaust gas train of an internal combustion engine. An exhaust gas stream to be cleaned is supplied to the at least one particle filter. At least in a regeneration mode, a predetermined amount of an exhaust gas stream to be heated is branched off from the exhaust gas stream upstream of an exhaust gas turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger which branched-off stream, after it has been heated by a heater is mixed in the form of a heated exhaust gas stream at a point upstream of the at least one particle filter back into the residual gas stream which is coming from the exhaust gas turbine and which is at a lower temperature than that of the other stream.

Abstract: Jointing cement intended in particular for fastening together a plurality of filter blocks of a filtering body of an exhaust gas particle filter of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, having a silicon carbide (SiC) content of between 30% and 90%. The cement according to the invention includes at least 0.05% and less than 5% of a thermosetting resin, the percentages being percentages by weight relative to the total weight of the thermosetting resin and the mineral material, apart from the possible water.

Abstract: A holding material for a catalytic converter including a catalyst carrier having an elliptical cross section, a metal casing for receiving the catalyst carrier, and the holding material mounted on the catalyst carrier and interposed in a gap between the catalyst carrier and the metal casing, in which the holding material has a first portion and a second portion, and the first portion in contact with a region of the catalyst carrier, corresponding to 40 to 95% of a major axis centering on an intersection of an ellipse and a minor axis in the elliptical cross section of the catalyst carrier, is larger than the second portion in contact with any other region of the catalyst carrier in basis weight.

Abstract: A system comprises a particulate matter (PM) filter comprising an inlet for receiving exhaust gas. A zoned heater is arranged in the inlet and comprises a resistive heater comprising N zones, where N is an integer greater than one. Each of the N zones comprises M sub-zones, where M is an integer greater than one. A control module selectively activates one of the N zones to initiate regeneration in downstream portions of the PM filter from the one of the N zones and deactivates others of the N zones.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ceramic filter comprising clay and a process for preparing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to the ceramic filter, including wave-shaped ceramic paper and plate-shaped paper, having improved efficiency and performance that may optimize the process of coating and calcining inorganic binder by forming an outer wall thereon, using clay, and thus increase insulation effect and mechanical strength represented by the clay layer, and the process for preparing thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for removing particulates from a gas stream. The apparatus includes a ceramic filter, at least one electrode, and at least one conductor. The electrode is located at an end of the filter and produces an atmospheric glow discharge in order to oxidize carbon deposits trapped in the filter. The conductor extends at least partially into the filter and acts as a counter electrode. Through various arrangements of the electrodes and conductors, the present disclosure provides closer connection between the trapped carbon deposits and the electrodes. This improves the regeneration of the filter without increasing the size and/or weight of the apparatus.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus includes an exhaust gas treating body, a metal casing, and a holding sealing material. The exhaust gas treating body has a longitudinal direction and includes cell walls extending along the longitudinal direction to define cells between the cells. The metal casing has an inner surface and houses the exhaust gas treating body to face the inner surface. The holding sealing material is provided between the exhaust gas treating body and the inner surface of the metal casing to hold the exhaust gas treating body in the metal casing. The holding sealing material includes an inorganic fiber aggregated body. The metal casing has a corrosion area at least on a part of the inner surface. The corrosion area includes a corroded base material of the metal casing.

Abstract: A ceramic honeycomb filter comprising a honeycomb structure having large numbers of flow paths partitioned by porous cell walls, and plugs alternately formed in the flow paths on the exhaust-gas-inlet and outlet sides, the area ratio of pores opening at the cell wall surfaces being 20% or more, porous, cross-linked structures being formed by heat-resistant particles introduced together with a gas into penetrating holes constituted by communicating pores in the cell walls, such that they clog the penetrating holes, and the cross-linked structures being formed more on the exhaust-gas-outlet side of the ceramic honeycomb filter than on the exhaust-gas-inlet side.

Abstract: Jointing cement intended in particular for fastening together a plurality of filter blocks of a filtering body for filtering exhaust gas particles of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, the cement including, in percentages by weight relative to the weight of the mineral material, apart from possible water and a possible mineral resin, between 30 and 90% of silicon carbide (SiC), at least 3% of hollow spheres including, in percentages by weight and for a total of at least 99%, between 20 and 99% of silica (SiO2) and between 1 and 80% of alumina (Al2O3), at least 80% by number of the hollow spheres having a size of between 5 and 150 ?m.

Abstract: A mounting mat for an exhaust gas treatment device includes first and second major opposite facing surfaces, leading and trailing edges, and opposite lateral edges. At least a portion of one or both of the opposite lateral edges includes an edge protectant that protects the mounting mat against erosion from hot gases encountered during the normal operation of the exhaust gas treatment device. The edge protectant remains flexible after it has been applied to the mounting mat and substantially dried. Also disclosed is an exhaust gas treatment device that includes a housing and a fragile structure mounted within the housing by the mounting mat having the edge protectant deposited thereon. Additionally disclosed are methods of making the mounting mat and an exhaust gas treatment device.

Abstract: A disclosed laminated sheet to be wound around an outer surface of an exhaust gas processing unit includes a first mat containing first inorganic fibers and a second mat containing second inorganic fibers, the second mat being laminated on the first mat. The average fiber length of the first inorganic fibers is larger than the average fiber length of the second inorganic fibers and the laminated sheet is to be wound around the exhaust gas processing unit such that the first mat forms an outermost layer. Development of cracks in the outer surface of the laminated sheet can be prevented by winding the laminated sheet around an exhaust gas processing unit such that the first mat faces outward.

Abstract: In a hybrid vehicle, control is executed to operate an engine with fuel injection being performed, when an unexecuted percentage of catalyst degradation suppression control is equal to or greater than a threshold value of the unexecuted percentage, when a power storage percentage of a battery is equal to or greater than a threshold value of the power storage percentage and the battery is charging, and also when a vehicle speed is equal to or greater than a threshold value of the vehicle speed and a cumulative air amount is equal to or greater than a threshold value of the cumulative air amount, when a catalyst temperature is less than a first threshold temperature and equal to or greater than a second threshold temperature, when the catalyst temperature is equal to or greater than the first threshold temperature, when there is a braking request while the engine is operating.

Abstract: A manufacturing method by which alumina-silica based fibers excellent in mechanical strength can be readily and securely obtained. The method obtains precursor fibers as a material by using an alumina-silica based fiber spinning stock solution for use in an inorganic salt method. Next, the precursor fibers are heated under an environment which makes it difficult to carry out an oxidizing reaction on the carbon component contained in the precursor fibers. Thus, the precursor fibers are sintered to obtain alumina-silica based fibers.

Abstract: A multilayer mounting mat operatively adapted for use in mounting a pollution control element in a pollution control device comprises a first layer, a second layer, and an adhesive sandwiched therebetween so as to bond together a major surface of the first layer to a major surface of the second layer, the adhesive comprising at least one of inorganic colloidal particles having an average diameter less than about 300 nm and an inorganic water-soluble salt.

Abstract: A holding sealing material includes mats which have a longitudinal direction and first and second longer side faces along the longitudinal direction and which include a lower mat and an upper mat laminated on the lower mat. A length of the lower mat in the longitudinal direction is longer than a length of the upper mat in the longitudinal direction. Each of the mats is connected to each other at a fixed portion which extends substantially along a width direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The fixed portion has first and second end portions in the width direction. The first end portion is on a side of the first longer side face. The second end portion is on a side of the second longer side face. The first and second end portions are spaced apart from the first and second longer side face, respectively.

Abstract: A holding sealing material includes a plurality of mats. The plurality of mats have a longitudinal direction and include a lower mat and an upper mat laminated on the lower mat. Each of the plurality of mats includes inorganic fibers and has a substantially rectangular shape. A length of the lower mat in the longitudinal direction is longer than a length of the upper mat in the longitudinal direction. Each of the plurality of mats is connected to each other at at least two fixed portions. The at least two fixed portions are positioned at different positions in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A device for removing pollutants from exhaust gases of a combustion engine, includes a longitudinal outer casing (23) defining a passage through which the exhaust gases flow, and first and second pollution-removal members (18, 20) mounted in series in the passage. The device includes a holding sleeve (38) holding the first pollution-removal member (18) in place and interposed between the first pollution-removal member (18) and the outer casing (23) and running longitudinally at least over most of the length of the first pollution-removal member (18), the holding sleeve (38) being guided in the external casing (23) and forming, between the first and second pollution-removal members (18, 20) a longitudinal thrust surface (40) against which the first pollution-removal member (18) bears.

Abstract: Inorganic fiber mounting and insulating sheet materials for use in pollution control devices with at least one edge of the inorganic fiber sheet material having at least one group of two or more fibers fused together. A pollution control device comprising such a sheet material. A process for cutting at least one section from a sheet containing inorganic fiber material, where the sheet material is suitable for use in a pollution control device. The fibrous sheet material is cut so that the cut edge has at least one group of two or more fibers fused together. A laser beam can be used to cut the desired section out of the inorganic fiber sheet material.

Abstract: A mat product, includes a mat member including inorganic fibers and having a full length Lm; and a package member having an full length Lr; wherein the mat member is received in an inside space of the package member; the inside space of the package member is in gas-communication with an outside environment; and the full length Lr of the package member is greater than the full length Lm of the mat member and thereby the mat member can move in the inside space along a full length direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fiber mat, preferably a non-intumescent, polycrystalline, needle-punched or stitch-bonded aluminia-silica fiber mat, which contains an organosilicon compound. The fiber mat comprises a fiber blanket which is essentially free of organic binder and which is impregnated with an organosilicon compound selected from the group consisting of siloxane compounds, alkoxy group-containing silanes, hydrolysates and condensates of these compounds, and combinations thereof. In a further embodiment the fiber mat comprises a high friction coating on at least the side of the mat which is to be brought in contact with a pollution control element of a pollution control device. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a pollution control device containing such a fiber mat.

Abstract: An exhaust gas processing device includes a honeycomb structure in a pillar shape including a honeycomb unit, a catalytic agent, an inorganic mat member, a cylindrical metallic member and an insulating layer. The honeycomb unit includes cell walls to define a plurality of cells which extend from a first end of the honeycomb unit to a second end of the honeycomb unit along a longitudinal direction. The catalytic agent is provided on the cell walls. The inorganic mat member is wound around an outer peripheral surface of the honeycomb structure. The cylindrical metallic member accommodates the honeycomb structure around which the inorganic mat member is wound. The insulating layer has a thickness of about 20 ?m to about 400 ?m and is densely formed. The insulating layer is provided between an inner surface of the cylindrical metallic member and the inorganic mat member.

Abstract: A mounting mat for an exhaust gas treatment device includes first and second major opposite facing surfaces, leading and trailing edges, and opposite lateral edges. At least a portion of one or both of the opposite lateral edges includes an edge protectant that protects the mounting mat against erosion from hot gases encountered during the normal operation of the exhaust gas treatment device. The edge protectant remains flexible after it has been applied to the mounting mat and substantially dried. Also disclosed is an exhaust gas treatment device that includes a housing and a fragile structure mounted within the housing by the mounting mat having the edge protectant deposited thereon. Additionally disclosed are methods of making the mounting mat and an exhaust gas treatment device.

Abstract: A combustor for oxidizing a combustion fuel and pre-heating one or more reactants for fuel reforming. The combustor includes an elongated housing having an inlet for receiving a combustion fuel and an outlet for exhausting combustion products. The elongated housing further includes a cylindrical side wall, a bottom wall, and a top wall. Inert particles are disposed within the housing adjacent the inlet. A combustion catalyst bed is disposed within the housing above the inert particles that is a mixture of inert particles and combustion catalyst. The inert particles and the combustion catalyst preferably have a volumetric ratio of inert particles to catalyst between about 2:1 and about 4:1. The combustor has at least one heat exchanger within the combustion catalyst bed for heating a reformer reactant and generating steam. Preferably, the combustor includes at least two heat exchangers within the combustion catalyst bed, the heat exchanging elements have different surface areas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a holding material for a catalytic converter including a catalyst carrier, a metal casing for receiving the catalyst carrier, and the holding material wound around the catalyst carrier and interposed in a gap between the catalyst carrier and the metal casing, the holding material having a plurality of high-density sites which are spaced apart from one another in the holding material, each site having a higher density than sites of the holding material in which the higher density sites are not provided.

Abstract: An exhaust system component (18, 10) for use in an exhaust system of a motor vehicle. The exhaust system component comprises a double wall surrounding a space (9, 11; 21) through which exhaust gas may flow when the exhaust system component is in use in an exhaust system. The double wall is comprised of a first and second metal wall (12, 14; 26, 28) that define between them a gap. The gap comprises an insulation material (16) made of chopped aluminium or magnesium aluminium silicate glass fibers. The insulation material can be in the form of, for example, an end cone perform. The exhaust system component can be an exhaust pipe (18).

Abstract: A device for treatment of exhaust gases includes a housing, a fragile structure resiliently mounted within the housing, and a non-intumescent mounting mat disposed in a gap between the housing and the fragile structure. The mounting mat includes a plurality of inorganic fibers that have undergone a surface treatment to increase the holding force performance of the mounting mat. Also disclosed are methods of making a mounting mat for an exhaust gas treatment device and for making an exhaust gas treatment device incorporating the mounting mat.

Abstract: The invention provides a flexible and self-supporting insulating end cone liner comprising resilient and compressible intumescent or non-intumescent material molded into a single, continuous piece having a three dimensional cone shape, with the insulating material comprising inorganic fibers and an organic binder, and a pollution control device that includes such an end cone liner.

Abstract: A repositionable mounting material comprises a mounting material having a major surface and comprising inorganic fibers. A layer of repositionable pressure-sensitive adhesive inwardly disposed along at least a portion of the first major surface. The layer of repositionable pressure-sensitive adhesive comprises: adhesive microspheres having a first particle size distribution with at least one mode, each of which has a D50 of at least 30 micrometers; and binder particles having a second particle size distribution with at least one mode, wherein each mode has a D50 that is less than 10 micrometers, and wherein at least one of the at least one modes has a D50 below one micrometer. The repositionable mounting material is useful in manufacture of pollution control devices. Methods of making the foregoing are also disclosed.

Abstract: A holding sealing material includes a mat including an inorganic fibrous material. In a plan view, the mat has a basic quadrangular shape consisting of long sides extending in a longitudinal direction and short sides substantially perpendicular to the long sides. The mat has a recessed portion at one of the short sides and a projected portion at another of the short sides, whereby the projected and recessed portions should fit to each other when the mat is rolled around a periphery of a member to be wrapped. In a cross-sectional view, the projected portion is a quadrangle and the recessed portion is a gap between two quadrangles. At least one corner portion of the projected portion is cut out on a side of the member to be wrapped or another corner portion of the quadrangle of the projected or recessed portions is cut out.

Abstract: The papermaking sheet member includes inorganic fibers, and the inorganic fibers include a lump-shaped cohered fiber which coheres as a lump.

Abstract: A System for reducing organic contaminates from the condensate discharge of a closed loop industrial drying process. The system includes a dryer, a regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) in flow communication with the dryer, and an energy recovery unit in flow communication with the RTO.