Abstract: Method for sterilising containers (10), wherein a treatment head (5) is guided into the interior of a container (10) to be sterilised and the treatment head (5) emits radiation in the interior of the container (10) at least intermittently over a predefined time period (dT), wherein the container (5) is moved relative to the treatment head (5) in a longitudinal direction (L) of the container (10) at least intermittently at a relative movement speed (v) over the predefined time period (dT). According to the invention, this relative movement speed (v) of the treatment head (5) located in the interior of the container (10) varies over the predefined time period and is controlled as a function of an internal profile (10a) of the container (10).

Abstract: A system includes a first source including a first reactant; a second source including a second reactant capable of reacting with the first reactant to form a first product; and a reactor. The reactor includes a first element having a wall connecting a first point and a second point, the wall extending more than 180° around the first point; and a second element movably engaged with the first element to define a reconfigurable reaction chamber capable of being in fluid communication with the first and second reactants.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for photo-initiated carbonylation with carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide using alkyl/aryl iodides with water pretreated by a base are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled acids are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: Titania is a semiconductor and photocatalyst that is also chemically inert. With its bandgap of 3.0, to activate the photocatalytic property of titania requires light of about 390 nm wavelength, which is in the ultra-violet, where sunlight is very low in intensity. A method and devices are disclosed wherein stress is induced and managed in a thin film of titania in order to shift and lower the bandgap energy into the longer wavelengths that are more abundant in sunlight. Applications of this stress-induced bandgap-shifted titania photocatalytic surface include photoelectrolysis for production of hydrogen gas from water, photovoltaics for production of electricity, and photocatalysis for detoxification and disinfection.

Abstract: Vacuum sterilization process with the application of vapour of a mixture of peracetic acid with hydrogen peroxide and residual gas plasma from atmospheric air, excited by pulsed electrical discharge; operational devices and methods used in the sterilization process, preferably a process of sterilization in vacuum, dry, and at low temperature (room temperature).

Abstract: High-power inductively coupled plasma technology is used for thermal cracking and vaporization of continuously fed carbonaceous materials into elemental carbon, for reaction with separate and continuously fed metal catalysts inside a gas-phase high-temperature reactor system operating at or slightly below atmospheric pressures. In one particularly preferred embodiment, in-flight growth of carbon nanomaterials is initiated, continued, and controlled at high flow rates, enabling continuous collection and product removal via gas/solid filtration and separation methods, and/or liquid spray filtration and solid collection methods suitable for producing industrial-scale production quantities. In another embodiment, the reaction chamber and/or filtration/separation media include non-catalytic or catalytic metals to simultaneously or separately induce on-substrate synthesis and growth of carbon nanomaterials.

Abstract: Described is a reactor for irradiating ultraviolet light into a fluid reaction medium (3). The reactor consists of at least one housing (15) which encloses a tubular cavity, with a radiation source (1) for generating ultraviolet light and an inner tube (2) which, together with the housing (15), forms an irradiation chamber (26) which, in particular, is of annular shape, the irradiation chamber (26) being connected at least with an inlet (13) and an outlet (14) for the reaction medium (3) and is perfused by reaction medium (3) in the longitudinal direction of the tube (2), the irradiation chamber (26) being equipped with means (6, 25) for generating an additional radial flow routing of the reaction medium (3).

Abstract: An onsite chemistry air filtration system to remove gaseous contaminants from air is disclosed. The onsite chemistry air filtration system of the present invention comprises: a conventional particulate filtration section, a photochemical filtration section, a static gas phase filtration section and a catalytic filtration section. The conventional particulate filtration section captures solids and condensables. In the photochemical filtration section, UV lamps generate bio-destruction and surface photochemical activity on a semiconductor catalyst material, provide a radiation source to irradiate airborne contaminant molecules and to energize their states to promote reactions and generate airborne ozone and radicals. In the static gas phase filtration section, gas phase filtration media is used to capture contaminants, concentrate them in a relatively confined space and allow airborne generated chemistries to concentrate and react in-situ, thereby creating a regeneration effect on the media.

Abstract: A plasma generating electrode 1 of the present invention includes a plurality of unit electrodes 2 hierarchically layered at predetermined intervals, the unit electrodes 2 including a deficient unit electrode 2b in which a conductive film 4 has an absent portion and a normal unit electrode 2a in which the conductive film 4 does not have an absent portion. Spaces V formed between the unit electrodes 2 include a normal space Va formed so that the distance between conductive films 4 corresponds to the distance between the unit electrodes 2 and a deficient space Vb formed so that the distance between the conductive films 4 is greater than the distance between the conductive films 4 in the normal space Va. The plasma generating electrode 1 of the present invention can efficiently treat a plurality of predetermined components contained in a treatment target fluid by utilizing different types of plasma suitable for respective reactions by causing the treatment target fluid to flow only once.

Abstract: A method of dissociating or decomposing the elemental components of a medium within a treatment zone via application of radio frequency energy. The selected medium may be communicated to a treatment zone, such as a chamber, wherein the chamber walls and/or a plurality of antenna disposed within the chamber or treatment zone emit radio frequency energy capable of separating the elemental components of the selected medium. The plurality of antenna may further comprise a chemical coating disposed thereon to facilitate the medium separation process. Denser elemental components may be removed from a bottom portion of the chamber or treatment zone, while lighter elemental components may be removed from an upper portion of the chamber or treatment zone. A vacuum pump or any other means known within the art may be used to remove the elemental components from the chamber or treatment zone.

Abstract: A hydrogen fuel supply system comprising a methanol aqueous solution particulates generator, spark-plasma heater, catalytic reactor, hydrogen separation unit, hydro-evaporating cooler, hydrogen compressor, hydrogen injection system, etc. By properly mixing methanol and water to form a methanol aqueous solution, then vibrated by a methanol aqueous solution particulates generator to form micro to nano sized particulates of aqueous-methanol, and the micro to nano sized particulates is then heated in high temperature by a spark-plasma heater, then through a catalytic reactor to form a gaseous mixture of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. Then the hydrogen is separated by a hydrogen separation unit. Finally, the hydrogen is chilled by a hydro-evaporation cooler and then compressed by a hydrogen compressor. The resulting hydrogen can be supplied to hydrogen internal-combustion engines or hydrogen power generators by hydrogen injection systems.

Abstract: A system for sanitizing or sterilizing an item and storing the item in a sanitized or sterile environment. The system includes an enclosure into which a sealable package containing the item is placed. At least one ozone source is configured to introduce ozone inside the package. The ozone sterilizes the interior of the package and the item. The ozone source can include an electron beam which ionizes the oxygen, a corona discharge generated within the package, or Vacuum Ultra-Violet (“VUV”) radiation emitted into the package. A germicidal radiation source can be used to sanitize the item and generate ozone. The package containing the item is substantially transparent to germicidal radiation so that the germicidal radiation sanitizes the item as well as the interior of the package. Ultrasonic transducers can introduce ultrasonic energy into the item being sanitized, to break apart groups of clumped pathogens resident on the item.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing carbon nanohorns includes a production chamber configured to irradiate a solid carbon material with a laser beam to produce a product containing carbon nanohorns; and a separation mechanism configured to separate the product produced in the production chamber into a lightweight component and a heavyweight component. The heavyweight component includes carbon nanohorn aggregate with high purity, and high-purity carbon nanotubes can be obtained by collecting the heavyweight component.

Abstract: Processes and systems for generating hydrogen gas from resonant cavities are disclosed. A preferred version includes separating a resonant cavity into two compartments with a dielectric type diaphragm, injecting gases such as ammonia into one compartment and generating electromagnetic energy from an antenna, microwave generator or waveguide into the other compartment so that a plasma discharge is formed in the cavity, and hydrogen gas can be selectively released from an outport of the cavity.

Abstract: In the formation of an oxide film on an aluminum fiber, it has been difficult to form a thick alumina coating film on the aluminum fiber which already has a natural oxide film formed thereon. To overcome this problem, there is provided a method for forming an alumina coating film which enables the deep penetration of oxygen into an aluminum fiber by employing a three-stage heating treatment and an alumina fiber formed by the method. Also provided is a system for producing water by photocatalytic reaction, in which a photocatalyst comprising the alumina fiber coated with titania is irradiated with light from a light source to generate an active oxygen species, diffusing the active oxygen species in water to impart the function of the active oxygen species to water. The system can perform washing by utilizing an oxidation reaction with the resulting water. Further, provided is a gas treatment system which comprises the alumina fiber coated with titania to impart a photocatalytic function to the aluminum fiber.

Abstract: A photocatalytic fog disseminating system is used to disperse and activate photocatalytic particles. The photocatalytic particles preferably are nanoscale particles of titanium oxide. An aqueous suspension of the photocatalytic particles is dispersed by the system as an aerosol, and a photon source is used to excite the dispersed particles in order to initiate photocatalytic redox reactions that degrade airborne or sedentary organic impurities that come into contact with the aerosol.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for photo-initiated carbonylation with carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide using alkyl/aryl iodides with alcohols pretreated by a base are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled esters are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: A mobile electron beam radiation sterilizing apparatus includes a movable chassis vehicle; a cabinet body installed on the chassis vehicle; an electron accelerator, which generates electron beam for articles to be radiation-processed, wherein the electron accelerator is provided in the cabinet body; an accelerator control box, which controls operation of the electron accelerator, a radiation shielding system comprised of: a stationary shielding body covering the electron accelerator; a pair of rotatable shielding doors, through which a passage is formed for an article to be processed to enter or exit, rotatably connected to the stationary shielding body; a motor for switching on and switching off the rotatable shielding doors.

Abstract: A discharge device in a substance modifying device is provided with a positive electrode in linear or needle form and a negative electrode in plane form. Thus, substances having a nanostructure are made to contact an active species generated through streamer discharge, which is discharge between the positive and negative electrodes, where discharge between certain points of the positive electrode and a number of points on the negative electrode occurs stably and approximately simultaneously, and is diffused from between the positive and negative electrodes, so that the nanostructure is eliminated. The nanostructure is eliminated in this manner, and thus, the bioinvasive response due to the nanostructure of substances is reduced.

Abstract: Packaging materials and containers may be treated with sterilization dosages internally and externally using monochromatic, continuous wave, high-intensity, incoherent light in single and/or multiple light source configurations. The treatment systems and methods preserve physical and performance properties of the packaging/container while achieving a desired level of sterilization. The sterilized materials may be adapted for extended shelf life (ESL) products. The disclosed treatment systems and methods may also be used for sterilization of food and beverage products (either prepackaged or post packaged), medicines, pharmaceuticals, vitamins, infusion products, clinical and/or non-clinical solutions and systems, enteral and/or parenteral solutions and systems, and the like.

Abstract: A compact apparatus for the thermophysical catalytic resolution of liquid ammonia (pressure 10 bar) to produce hydrogen and nitrogen at the gas state. The apparatus uses three reactors placed in cascade, the first two reactors carrying out a thermocatalytic resolution, and the third reactor being a microwave resonator. Hydrogen adapted to supply alkaline fuel cells is obtained after crossing a scrubber. The equipment on board of the vehicles allows the generation of electric energy for car drive with a yield of 12,000 kJ/kg NH3.

Abstract: Contamination is reduced by exposing a specimen to light, such that the light includes ultraviolet and light of wavelength in the visible region, so that the light in the visible region damages the shell of an organism and the ultraviolet light prevents reproduction of the organism.

Abstract: An apparatus for synthesizing a single-wall carbon nanotube array, includes a reactor, a local heating device, a gaseous carbon supplier, and a reactant gas supplier. The reactor includes a reaction zone receiving a catalyst. The local heating device is configured for focusing heat at reaction zone and/or the catalyst. The gaseous carbon supplier is configured for introducing gaseous carbon into the reactor from an upstream position of the reaction zone. The reactant gas supplier is configured for introducing a reactant gas containing a carbon source gas into the reactor.

Abstract: Continuous nanotube synthesis by vortex deposition occurs in an axially-fed shear reactor comprising coaxial counter-rotating disk impeller/electrodes charged as anodes. Nanotube evolving ends, charged as cathodes, point toward the anode axis of rotation and protrude into the space between the anodes. Radial vortices in a shear layer of the space, between the boundary layers on the impeller/electrodes, spin cations to be deposited on evolving nanotube ends approximately at the vortex axis, so deposition is by swirling cathode fall. The evolved nanotubes are extracted mechanically, and they conduct electrons from charging means to charge the evolving ends as cathodes. The preferential synthesis of metallic carbon nanotubes is due to the greater resistance of non-metallic structures such as graphite or semiconductive structures. Ozone serves to oxidize non-metallic structures and to functionalize the loose ends of nanotube fragments.

Abstract: In a fluid treatment system comprising a housing with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet for a process fluid, an irradiation zone disposed between the fluid inlet and fluid outlet, and at least one radiation source module comprising at least one radiation source comprising a discharge vessel with an outer wall and an inner wall, the inner wall enclosing an internal volume with at least one opening and means for igniting and maintaining a discharge, the radiation source module also comprising a submersible frame with guiding means to guide the process fluid into and out of the internal volume of the radiation source. The dissipation of the heat generated by the discharge in the discharge gap via a fluid flow in the internal volume of the lamp and in contact with the internal electrodes is substantially more effective than dissipation via a cooling channel separated from the internal electrode. It is therefore substantially easier to maintain the discharge at an approximately optimal temperature.

Abstract: In one aspect, there is provided assembling an analyte sensor with an analyte sensor insertion device, packaging the assembled analyte sensor and sensor insertion device in a substantially airtight seal, and irradiating the packaged assembled analyte sensor and sensor insertion device at a predetermined dose using one or more electron beam accelerators.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for the dissociation of water into H.sub.2 and O.sub.2 gas. The system and method disclose a reaction vessel having at least one radiolysis apparatus, at least one photolysis apparatus, and at least one electrolysis apparatus, all in communication with said reaction vessel. The reaction vessel has a body, a first end and a second end defining an interior. Further, the reaction vessel has an inlet for receiving water from a water supply into its interior and at least two outlet ports to allows H.sub.2 or O.sub.2 to egress therefrom. Still further, at least one catalyst is located within the interior of the reaction vessel. The radiolysis apparatus, photolysis apparatus, and electrolysis apparatus, in combination the with the catalyst provides for the dissociation of water into H.sub.2 and O.sub.2.

Abstract: An improved singlet oxygen generator (SOG) and method of using gas phase electronically excited states of oxygen for bio-medical and chemical treatment applications are disclosed. According to the invention, both gas phase O2(1?) and O2(1?) are used for medical treatment, sterilization, and deactivation of biological and chemical agents, including diseased tissue and biological and chemical weapons. The improved SOG is compact and scalable, portable, capable of operating in a zero-gravity or low gravity environment, may use gaseous diluent or buffer gas, and is capable of operating at pressures as high as one atmosphere. The SOG is capable of operating within a short distance of the target site for the electronically excited states of oxygen, which are delivered to the target site via a conduit. The SOG and delivery system provide higher yields of electronically excited oxygen with longer lifetimes suitable for bio-medical applications.

Abstract: A plasma reformer includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an insulating member, an atomizing device and a power supply. A discharge gap is defined between the first electrode and the second electrode. The insulating member is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode to insulating the first electrode and the second electrode, and a vortex gas flow route is formed between the insulating member and the first electrode, the second electrode. The second electrode penetrates the insulating member. The atomizing device is arranged on the first electrode and/or the second electrode. The power supply is connected with the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a method whereby a target to be analyzed can be easily decomposed in a micro region and a decomposition apparatus. In the decomposition method of decomposing the target to be analyzed and the decomposition apparatus, the target is allowed to coexist with a microparticle and then the microparticle is put into the high-energy state. Then, the target located in the vicinity of the surface of the microparticle is decomposed due to the energy transfer from the high-energy microparticle toward the target. Thus, the target can be easily decomposed in a micro region.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for sterilizing articles using an ozone-containing gas, where condensation of water from the sterilization atmosphere during the sterilization process is substantially prevented. The inventive sterilization method includes providing a sterilization chamber and placing an article into the sterilization chamber. The sterilization chamber is sealed prior to equalizing the temperature of the article and the atmosphere in the sterilization chamber. A vacuum is applied to achieve a preselected vacuum pressure in the sterilization chamber. Once the vacuum pressure is set, water vapour is supplied to the sterilization chamber. Ozone-containing gas is then supplied to the sterilization chamber and the sterilization chamber remains sealed for a preselected treatment period, where the sterilization chamber remains sealed throughout the whole process. Finally, vacuum in the sterilization chamber is released.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for sustainable, continuous production of hydrogen and carbon by catalytic dissociation or decomposition of hydrocarbons at elevated temperatures using in-situ generated carbon particles. Carbon particles are produced by decomposition of carbonaceous materials in response to an energy input. The energy input can be provided by at least one of a non-oxidative and oxidative means. The non-oxidative means of the energy input includes a high temperature source, or different types of plasma, such as, thermal, non-thermal, microwave, corona discharge, glow discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, or radiation sources, such as, electron beam, gamma, ultraviolet (UV). The oxidative means of the energy input includes oxygen, air, ozone, nitrous oxide (NO2) and other oxidizing agents.

Abstract: A system and method for developing a solid state stripper device is described that more effectively strips off negative carbon ions to produce positively charged carbon ions. In one embodiment the solid state stripping device is a self-supporting aggregate of nanotubes or Buckminster-Fullerenes. Such devices provide, among other things, carbon stripper foil for use in a tandem generator.

Abstract: A recess waveguide microwave chemical plant for production of ethene from natural gas and a process for production of ethene using the plant. The plant includes a recess waveguide, a mode transducer and coupling orifice plate, an adjustable short-circuiting plunger, and a chemical reactor; wherein with the recess waveguide as a main body, the mode transducer and coupling orifice plate is at the left side of the recess waveguide, the adjustable short-circuiting plunger is at the right side of the recess waveguide, and the chemical reactor is across the recess waveguide.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing iron ore pellets containing hematite is described. The pellets containing magnetite are exposed to microwave energy in a heat treatment furnace under oxidizing conditions to convert magnetite to hematite.

Abstract: Provided is an inverted population of hydrogen, formed from a novel catalytic reaction of hydrogen atoms to form lower-energy hydrogen. The inverted population of hydrogen is capable of lasing. The power may be utilized as laser light or the light due to stimulated or spontaneous emission may be converted to electricity with a pholon-to-electric converter such as a photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: An ion source is disclosed which includes a gas reaction chamber. The invention also includes a method of converting a gaseous feed material into a tetramer, dimer, other molecule or atomic species by supplying the feed material to the gas reaction chamber wherein the feed material is converted to the appropriate gas species to be supplied to the ion source and ionized. More particularly, the gas reaction chamber is configured to receive hydride and other feed materials in gaseous form, such as, AsH3 or PH3, and generate various molecular and atomic species for use in ion implantation, heretofore unknown. In one embodiment of the invention, the gas is relatively uniformly heated to provide relatively accurate control of the molecular or atomic species generated. In an alternate embodiment of the invention, the gas reaction chamber uses a catalytic surface to convert the feed gas into the different source gas specie required for implantation, such as, hydrides into tetramer molecules.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for selectively dissociating target molecular species present in a gas mixture is disclosed. An embodiment of an apparatus of the present invention comprises a containment structure for containing a gas mixture having a target molecular species; and a radiation source proximate to the containment structure and configured to apply electromagnetic energy to the gas mixture in the containment structure, the electromagnetic energy having a wavelength that dissociates molecules of the target species. An embodiment of a method of the present invention comprises the steps of containing a gas mixture having a heavy hydrocarbon; and applying to the gas mixture electromagnetic energy having a wavelength that dissociates molecules of the heavy hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Methods of and systems for generating a bio-fuel from a bio-substance with the assistance of radio frequency heating are taught. In some embodiments, the system includes a reactant containing a bio-substance and an alcohol, a catalyst to be mixed with the reactant, and a radio frequency wave generator for generating a radio frequency wave to be applied to the bio-substance. The bio-substance comes from any appropriate sources including animal oils and fats, such as beef tallow. Alternatively, the bio-substance is able to come from a plant, a fungus, or a protist. One example would be canola oil. In some embodiments, the catalyst is a transesterification catalyst, a Lewis acid, or a Lewis base such as sodium hydroxide. In some embodiments, the alcohol is methanol. In some embodiments, the bio-fuel is bio-diesel.

Abstract: Methods and systems for programmed dispensation of consumable compositions are provided. A method for administering a consumable composition may comprise: (a) dispensing a dose of a consumable composition according to a programmed dosing schedule; and (b) sterilizing at least a portion of a beverage container. A system for administering a consumable composition may comprise: (a) means for dispensing a dose of a consumable composition according to a programmed dosing schedule; and (b) means for sterilizing at least a portion of a beverage container. A method for administering a consumable composition may comprise: (a) dispensing a dose of a consumable composition according to a programmed dosing schedule; and (b) providing a notification of a sterilization of a beverage container.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for photo-initiated carbonylation with carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide using weakly nucleophilic amines and alkyl/aryl iodides are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled amides are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: Illumination systems, devices, and methods for cultivating biomasses. A bioreactor system is operable for growing photosynthetic organisms. The bioreactor system includes a bioreactor and an illumination system. The illumination system includes one more optical waveguides configured to light at least some of a plurality of photosynthetic organisms retained in the bioreactor. In some embodiments, the one or more optical waveguides include a plurality of structures configured to direct light energy from a solar energy collector, and a plurality of artificial light sources, along the interior of the waveguide. In some embodiments, the one more optical waveguides include a plurality of light-diffusing structures configured to guide at least a portion of the light from the solar energy collector and a plurality of artificial light sources directed along the interior of the waveguide, to the exterior of the waveguide.

Abstract: An arrangement for sterilizing objects by using a low-pressure plasma. The arrangement includes an evacuable chamber for holding the objects, which evacuable chamber can be connected to a conduit for gas to be ionized. A high frequency transmitting device with an antenna system is provided for inductive generating of an alternating current plasma in the chamber. The antenna system includes two plasma generating coils spaced apart from each another.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus enabling manufacture of a microparticle dispersion liquid at high efficiency in a short time while suppressing drug degradation, etc., are provided. In a dissolving step, a poorly soluble drug and a dispersion stabilizer are dissolved in a volatile organic solvent in a container 13. In a fixing step following the dissolving step, the organic solvent, contained in a solution, is eliminated by evaporation, a pellet-form residue 1 is obtained by the organic solvent elimination, and the residue 1 is fixed on an inner wall of the container 13. In a water injecting step following the fixing step, water 2 is injected into an interior of the container 13.

Abstract: A process for the production of 10-hydroxycamptothecin hydroxycamptothecin and/or of 7-alkyl 10-hydroxycamptothecin, with the steps of A Providing a continuous fluid stream with a thickness d of a solution of camptothecin N-oxide or 7-alkyl camptothecin N-oxide; and B. Passing the stream past at least one source of light which produces radiation parallel to the thickness d, d being 10 ?m to 1000 ?m; and devices for executing the process.

Abstract: New methods of operating surface reactors, and such reactors, particularly spinning disk reactors, require that a first reactant is fed to a reactor surface (20) and forms a thin radially outward moving film (60) thereon in a reaction passage (42) formed between the reaction surface (20) and a parallel, closely spaced (less than 1 mm) retaining surface (40). The passage thickness is precisely controllable and the surfaces (20, 40) move relative to one another so that strong shear is applied to the material between them. A second reactant is fed to the surface (20) as a second thin film (65) that as it enters the first film (60), preferably perpendicularly, it is immediately merged therewith along a correspondingly very narrow interaction line (66) by the shear at a rate such as to break up molecular clusters in the films, so that their molecules can aggressively and completely interact by forced interdiffusion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed which produce physical, chemical and/or biological non-local effect on a target substance through non-local processes mediated by quantum entanglement. In one broad embodiment, the apparatus includes a target substance, a first container holding said target substance; an originating substance, a second container holding said originating substance, said originating substance being quantum-entangled with said target substance; and a mean for manipulating said originating substance such that when said manipulation mean operates, said non-local effect is generated in said target substance through said non-local processes mediated by quantum entanglement.

Abstract: A light, compact and low-cost liquid fuel reformer for removing the harmful substances within the exhaust gas discharged from vehicles having two magnet holding cases (3, 3?) accommodating respectively anisotropic metallic materials (7, 7?). The magnet holding cases (3?) and (3) are magnetically secured each other at respective commissure (3a, 3a?), pinching connecting tube (24) made of nonmagnetic material through which the liquid fuel flows. The magnetic fields generated by the anisotropic magnetic materials (7) and (7?) are orthogonal to the connecting tube. The connecting tube has an outer tube (24A) made of nonferrous metal and an inner tube (24B) made of nonferrous metal. These two types of nonferrous metal are selected so as to generate an electric potential difference between the outer tube (24A) and the inner body tube (24B).

Abstract: A vessel sterilizing apparatus includes a vessel conveying unit for conveying a vessel, and an electron beam irradiation unit for irradiating the vessel with an electron beam. The sterilizing apparatus further includes a sterilization area in which the vessel is irradiated with the electron beam, a first chamber surrounding the sterilization area so as to separate the sterilization area from an external portion, a supply area disposed upstream side of the sterilization area in a vessel conveying direction and provided with an opening through which the vessel passes, a second chamber surrounding the supply area so as to separate the supply area from an external portion, and a sterilizing medium supplying unit for supplying a sterilizing medium to the supply area.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for photo-initiated carbonylation with carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide using amines and alkyl/aryl iodides are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled amides are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits for PET studies are also provided.