Abstract: The invention relates to a device of producing low-sulfur high-octane-number gasoline with low cost and method thereof, the device is composed of an extractor, a first cutting column, an etherification device, a hydrogenation desulfurizer, a reforming pretreatment device, a second cutting column, an isomerization device, a reformer and a stabilizing device. Sulfur in raw material is enriched in extracted oil by introducing extractor in the invention, thereby reducing the scale of hydrogenation desulfurization device. The scale of reformer is increased by delivering heavy raffinate obtained from the first cutting column in the reformer. Benzene extractor and corresponding fractionation device are saved by adjusting the cutting temperature in the second cutting column, thereby greatly lowering investment and energy consumption, and increasing the gasoline yield. The investment of reformer is reduced, while the liquid yield is increased by introducing the reforming patent technology.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for continuous recovery of (meth)acrylic acid, and more specifically to a method of continuous recovery of (meth)acrylic acid, including: conducting gas phase oxidation of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of propane, propylene, butane, i-butylene, t-butylene, and (meth)acrolein in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a mixed gas containing (meth)acrylic acid; quenching the (meth)acrylic acid-containing mixed gas to remove high boiling point by-products in the (meth)acrylic acid-containing mixed gas; contacting the high boiling point by-product-free (meth)acrylic acid-containing mixed gas with water or an aqueous solution to obtain an aqueous solution containing (meth)acrylic acid; and purifying the aqueous solution containing (meth)acrylic acid to obtain (meth)acrylic acid.

Abstract: Methods of and apparatuses for separating a linear hexane stream from a hydrocarbon feed that includes unbranched C4 to C7 hydrocarbons are provided. In an embodiment, a method of separating a linear hexane stream from a hydrocarbon feed including unbranched C4 to C7 hydrocarbons includes isomerizing the hydrocarbon feed in the presence of hydrogen to produce an isomerized hydrocarbon stream that includes branched hydrocarbons and linear hexane. The isomerized hydrocarbon stream is separated into at least an isomerate product stream and a hexane-containing raffinate stream that includes linear hexane. The linear hexane stream is separated from at least a portion of the hexane-containing raffinate stream to produce the linear hexane stream and a hexane-depleted raffinate stream. The linear hexane stream is isolated as an independent product stream.

Abstract: The invention concerns integration of hydroprocessing and steam cracking. A feed comprising crude or resid-containing fraction thereof is treated by hydroprocessing and visbreaking and then passed to a steam cracker to obtain a product comprising olefins.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing low methanol concentration acetone are provided. The method can include oxidizing and cleaving cumene to produce a crude acetone product. The crude acetone product can be neutralized in a neutralization unit to produce a neutralized crude acetone product. The neutralized crude acetone product can be fractionated in an acetone fractionation column to produce an acetone product and an acetone bottoms product. Methanol can be removed from the acetone bottoms product to produce a methanol-depleted product. The methanol-depleted product can be introduced to the neutralization unit, a dephenolation unit, or both.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment may be a latch for a hydroprocessing vessel. The latch may include an elongated substantially cylindrical shaft, a helical pawl coupled to the elongated substantially cylindrical shaft, and a grip coupled to the elongated substantially cylindrical shaft. Usually, the grip forms a polygon having at least three sides and adapted to be engaged by a tool.

Abstract: Circulating dry scrubbing (CDS) systems and methods utilizes a particle classification unit operation to separate unreacted sorbent (such as lime, limestone, or sodium-based sorbent) such that a reactive fraction of the cut stream may be selectively recovered to a flue gas scrubbing system. This reduces the amount of fresh sorbent that must be supplied for pollutant removal.

Abstract: An approach for supplying hydrogen and/or deuterium to LENR and E-Cat based energy generating systems includes receiving a source material that is rich in hydrogen and/or deuterium. A gaseous form of at least one of those elements is extracted from the source material via electrochemical dissociation, hydrocarbon recovery, or a suitable mechanical process. The gaseous form of the element is preferably filtered to remove water vapor and other impurities before being pressurized and supplied to the energy generating system. Advantages of the approach include enhanced safety and system portability due to elimination of a need for pressurized gas storage tanks.

Abstract: A system and process for producing synthetic crude oil from produced fluids of an oil well is disclosed. The system comprises a separation plant for producing an associated gas stream from produced fluids a membrane unit comprising a plurality of polymer membranes to provide a CO2 enriched permeate stream and a CO2 depleted product gas stream, a gas conversion plant for converting the CO2 depleted product gas stream into a synthetic crude oil and a heat exchanger adding heat to the associated gas stream so that the membrane unit operates at a temperature of at least 80° C. during separation of the associated gas stream using the membrane unit. A process using the aforementioned components, including separation of the associated gas stream using the membrane unit at a temperature >80° C., into a CO2 enriched stream and a CO2 depleted product stream, is also described.

Abstract: A process for producing a reaction product of a diazo compound, which process comprises: a. continuously supplying to a first reactor a precursor of a diazo compound; a water-miscible solvent; a base and water; b. mixing the precursor of a diazo compound; the water-miscible solvent; the base and water to generate a diazo compound; c. continuously removing from the first reactor, through a hydrophobic membrane, into a second reactor the formed diazo compound; d. continuously removing from the first reactor all reaction products that have not passed into the second reactor; e. continuously supplying to the second reactor a substrate in a non-water-miscible solvent; f. mixing the above components to generate a reaction product of a diazo compound; and g. continuously removing from the second reactor the non-water-miscible solvent and the reaction product of the diazo compound, and apparatus suitable for carrying out such a process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for developing fuel such as various raw materials and biodiesel having hydrocarbon wherein a carbon-carbon double bond and oxygen are removed by a hydrotreating reaction using a proton medium having conductivity, and the present invention is capable of producing advanced biofuel at low costs from various hydrocarbon sources and improving energy efficiency and hydrogen usage efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention describes a distributor plate adapted to co-current downflow flows of gas and of liquid, more particularly in the “trickle” mode, said distributor plate integrating a filtration function separate from the distribution function.

Abstract: A process for producing light olefins is provided. A feedstock enters a pre-reaction zone and contacts a catalyst comprising at least one silicon-aluminophosphate molecular sieve and produces a gas-phase stream; the gas-phase stream and the catalyst enter at least one riser, and the gas-phase stream and the catalyst pass from an outlet of the at least one riser and enter a gas-solid rapid separation zone; the separated gas-phase stream enters a separation section; a first portion of the separated catalyst returns to the pre-reaction zone, and a second portion is regenerated in a regenerator; wherein an inlet of the at least one riser extends into the pre-reaction zone, about 60% to about 90% of the height of the at least one riser passes through a heat exchange zone, and the outlet extends into the gas-solid rapid separation zone.

Abstract: A hydrogen production system (X1) according to the present invention includes a reforming apparatus (Y1) having a vaporizer (1) and a reforming reactor (2), and a PSA apparatus (5). In the vaporizer (1) a mixed material (hydrocarbon-based material, water, and oxygen) is heated and vaporized. In the reforming reactor (2), steam reforming reaction and partial oxidation reaction of the hydrocarbon-based material take place at a time, so that reformed gas (containing hydrogen) is led out from the vaporized mixed material. In the PSA apparatus (5), the reformed gas is introduced into an adsorption tower loaded with an adsorbing agent, so that an unnecessary component in the gas is adsorbed by the adsorbing agent and hence hydrogen-rich gas is led out of the tower, while the unnecessary component is desorbed from the adsorbing agent, so that hydrogen-containing desorbed gas that contains the unnecessary component and hydrogen remaining in the tower is discharged out of the tower.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for recovering normal hexane from a reformate stream are provided. In one example, a method for recovering normal hexane from a reformate stream includes extracting aromatics from the reformate stream to form an aromatic extract stream and a raffinate stream. In the method, the normal hexane is separated from the raffinate stream to form a normal hexane product stream.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing system involves introducing heavy oil and in situ formed metal sulfide catalyst particles, or a catalyst precursor capable of forming metal sulfide catalyst particles in situ within the heavy oil, into a hydroprocessing reactor. The metal sulfide catalyst particles are formed in situ by 1) premixing a catalyst precursor with a hydrocarbon diluent to form a precursor mixture, 2) mixing the precursor mixture with heavy oil to form a conditioned feedstock, and 3) heating the conditioned feedstock to decompose the catalyst precursor and cause or allow metal from the precursor to react with sulfur in the heavy oil to form the metal sulfide catalyst particles in situ in the heavy oil. The in situ formed metal sulfide catalyst particles catalyze beneficial upgrading reactions between the heavy oil and hydrogen and eliminates or reduces formation of coke precursors and sediment.

Abstract: Ammoximation reactor for cyclohexanone oxime production comprising: (a) a reactor vessel provided with a stirrer; (b) an internal filtering system; (c) an internal liquid ammonia evaporation coil; (d) an internal gaseous ammonia toroidal distributor; (e) an external cyclohexanone toroidal distributor; (f) an internal hydrogen peroxide toroidal distributor; (g) an internal cylindrical draft tube; (h) an external cooling jacket. Said ammoximation reactor allows to obtain a better mixing of the components of the ammoximation reaction and to maximize both the heat-transfer coefficients and the mass-transfer coefficients. Moreover, said ammoximation reactor allows to increase the packing time of the catalyst used in the ammoximation reaction on the filtering system (i.e. the plugging phenomena) so as to avoid the necessity of carrying out the backwashings with nitrogen.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and/or devices for synthesis gas recapture are provided, which may include methods, systems, and/or devices for filtering a synthesis gas stream. In some cases, tars, particulates, water, and/or heat may be removed from the synthesis gas stream through the filtering of the synthesis gas stream. The filtered synthesis gas stream may then be captured and/or utilized in a variety of different ways. Some embodiments utilizing a C—O—H compound to filter a synthesis gas stream. In some embodiments, the C—O—H compound utilized to filter the synthesis gas stream may be utilized to produce additional synthesis gas. The additional synthesis gas may be filtered by additional C—O—H compound.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator includes: a tubular reformer configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using a material gas; a CO reducer configured to reduce carbon monoxide contained in the hydrogen-containing gas generated in the reformer; a tubular hydro-desulfurizer provided at an outer periphery of the reformer and configured to remove a sulfur compound contained in the material gas; and a material gas supply passage through which the material gas to be supplied to the hydro-desulfurizer flows. The material gas supply passage is configured to perform heat exchange with the CO reducer, and a material gas inlet port of the hydro-desulfurizer is provided at an end surface closer to the CO reducer.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for washing a gas from a hydroprocessed effluent from a hydroprocessing zone. The process may include adding a first portion of a wash water stream to the hydroprocessed effluent to form a combined stream, condensing the combined stream, adding a first portion of a wash water stream to the effluent to form a combined stream, sending the combined stream to a separator, and providing a second portion of the wash water stream to the tower for washing one or more gases rising in the tower. The separator can include a substantially cylindrical body, in turn, coupled to a boot and a tower.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for isomerizing a hydrocarbon stream rich in a C4 hydrocarbon and/or at least one of a C5 and C6 hydrocarbon which includes a first drier and a second drier; and a reaction zone communicating with at least the first drier. The first drier operates at a first condition to dry the reactant and the second drier operates at a second condition during regeneration. The used regenerant remaining in the second drier after regeneration can (1) pass through a vent-to-flare assembly in a batch-wise manner; (2) pass through a downflow-depressure-to-low-pressure-device assembly in a batch-wise manner; (3) pass through a cross-over piping purge assembly to minimize upsets in the reaction and fractionation zones when the second drier is placed back in operation; or any combination of (1) (2) and/or (3) to minimize upsets in the reaction and fractionation zones when the second drier is placed back in operation.

Abstract: A method of removing contaminates from sour water is provided. The method includes producing raw sour water within a syngas production system, and removing the contaminates from the raw sour water using a chemical reaction within a treatment unit to produce treated sour water. The treatment unit is in flow communication with the syngas production system.

Abstract: A process for the production of syngas and hydrogen starting from liquid hydrocarbons, gaseous hydrocarbons and/or oxygenated compounds, also deriving from biomasses, and mixtures thereof, envisages recourse to a membrane reactor in an architecture that uses a succession of reaction and separation stages. The process includes a section for pre-heating the reagents, a number of sections for short-contact-time catalytic partial oxidation for producing syngas and hydrogen in a number of stages followed by separation of hydrogen produced via membranes, a thermal-recovery section, a section for removing produced carbon dioxide, and a section for cooling and removing condensate. Optionally, the process includes a section for purifying obtained hydrogen via pressure-swing adsorption (PSA) and generating purge gas with medium calorific value.

Abstract: A process of oxidizing cyclohexane, comprising feeding cyclohexane, an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and optionally an organic solvent into a reaction zone through a feed inlet thereof under the oxidation reaction conditions for contact, and providing all or most of the oxidation product at the reaction zone bottom, wherein a part or all of the packing in the reaction zone is a titanium silicate molecular sieve-containing catalyst. The process of oxidizing cyclohexane according to the present invention carries out the oxidation in the reaction zone, which, firstly, utilizes the latent heat from reaction sufficiently so as to achieve energy-saving; secondly, increases the yield of target product and the availability of oxidizer; and thirdly, allows the separation of the oxidation product from the raw material cyclohexane as the reaction proceeds, such that the cost for subsequent separations can be saved.

Abstract: A hydrodesulfurization device includes a hydro-desulfurizer configured to remove a sulfur component from a raw material; and a heater configured to heat the hydro-desulfurizer; wherein the hydro-desulfurizer includes a plurality of blocks formed by division in a circumferential direction and disposed annularly around an outer periphery of the heater; wherein the hydro-desulfurizer is configured such that the raw material having passed through inside of each of the blocks moves to its adjacent block; and wherein the hydro-desulfurizer is configured such that adjacent blocks are communicated with each other and the raw material flows in the adjacent blocks in opposite directions.

Abstract: Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be conducted in a pressure vessel that contains both a hydrothermal digestion unit and a catalytic reduction reactor unit. Biomass conversion systems incorporating such a feature may comprise: a pressure vessel that comprises a first section comprising a hydrothermal digestion unit and a second section comprising a first catalytic reduction reactor unit that contains a first catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; wherein the hydrothermal digestion unit and the first catalytic reduction reactor unit are in fluid communication with one another; a biomass feed mechanism that is operatively connected to the pressure vessel, the biomass feed mechanism being capable of introducing cellulosic biomass solids to the pressure vessel and also capable of withdrawing a reaction product from the first catalytic reduction reactor unit; and a hydrogen feed line that is operatively connected to the first catalytic reduction reactor unit.

Abstract: An air pollution control system comprises a SOx removal equipment for reducing sulfur oxides from flue gas from a boiler, a cooler for reducing the sulfur oxides that remain in the flue gas and for decreasing a gas temperature, CO2 recovery equipment including an absorber for bringing CO2 in the flue gas into contact with a CO2 absorption liquid so as to be reduced, a regenerator for causing the CO2 absorption liquid to emit CO2 so as to recover CO2 and regenerate the CO2 absorption liquid, a heat exchanger which for decreasing a temperature of the flue gas, and calcium carbonate spraying equipment for spraying calcium carbonate between the heat exchanger and an electric dust collector, wherein a mist generation material in the flue gas is converted from a gas state to a mist state to arrest and reduce the mist generation material in the mist state using calcium carbonate.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides one embodiment of a semiconductor processing apparatus. The semiconductor processing apparatus includes a load lock designed to receive a wafer carrier; an inner wafer carrier buffer configured to hold the wafer carrier received from the load lock and to perform a nitrogen purge to the wafer carrier; and a processing module designed to perform a semiconductor process to wafers from the wafer.

Abstract: A reactor for the synthesis of gaseous HCl from chlorine and hydrogen, including a convector and a furnace having in a bottom portion a burner supplied with chlorine and hydrogen in order to form gaseous HCl. The convector is arranged coaxially above the furnace, and includes a plurality of tubes in contact with a heat-transport fluid, the reactive gases of the furnace passing through the tubes. The heat-transport fluid flows in the space between the tubes, with a perforated tubular plate whereon are attached the tubes of the convector being arranged between the furnace and the convector. All of the inner walls of the reactor in contact with the gaseous HCl are made of a metal alloy, and in the furnace, at least one portion of the inner surfaces of the walls in contact with the gaseous HCl is made of an alloy comprising at least 20 wt % nickel.

Abstract: A process for recovering butadiene from a C4 fraction is disclosed. The process may include: contacting a mixed C4 stream comprising butane, butene, and butadiene, with a solvent comprising an organic solvent and water in a butadiene pre-absorber column to recover an overheads fraction comprising at least a portion of the butane, butene, and water, and a first bottoms fraction comprising the organic solvent, butadiene, and at least a portion of the butene; and feeding the first bottoms fraction to a butadiene extraction unit to recover a butene fraction, a crude butadiene fraction, and a solvent fraction.

Abstract: Reactors for the pyrolysis of pyrolyzable matter, pyrolysis systems incorporating the reactors and methods of using the reactors are provided. Also provided are systems and methods for integrating the pyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation of pyrolyzable matter. The pyrolysis reactors create a horizontally rotating, fluidized-bed to which pyrolyzable matter, such as biomass, may be converted via pyrolysis into liquid fuels and/or value-added chemicals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing trisilylamine from ammoniac and monochlorosilane in the gas phase. The invention further relates to a plant in which such a method can be performed.

Abstract: SOx removal equipment for reducing sulfur oxides from flue gas from a boiler, a cooler which is provided on the downstream side of the SOx removal equipment, for reducing the sulfur oxides from the flue gas and for decreasing a gas temperature, CO2 recovery equipment which includes an absorber for bringing CO2 in the flue gas into contact with a CO2 absorption liquid so as to be reduced and a regenerator for causing the CO2 absorption liquid to emit CO2 so as to recover CO2 and regenerate the CO2 absorption liquid, and dissolved salt spraying equipment for reducing a mist generation material which is a generation source of mist that is generated in the absorber of the CO2 recovery equipment before introducing the flue gas to the CO2 recovery equipment, are included.

Abstract: A system for reducing NOx in a flue gas stream, including an absorption element, a first inlet in fluid communication with the chamber configured to deliver a pressurized flue gas to the chamber, and a second inlet in fluid communication with the chamber configured to deliver an absorbing additive to the chamber. An outlet is in fluid communication with the chamber to exhaust from the chamber flue gas that has contacted the absorbing additive. A method for reducing NOx in a flue gas including the steps of: providing a flue gas in a chamber of an absorption element, providing an absorbing additive so that it contacts at least a portion of the flue gas, and exhausting at least a portion of the flue gas from the chamber.

Abstract: A cement clinker manufacturing plant that includes a plant for producing purified syngas, obtained from solid waste, and process for transferring ash recovered from the ash pan of the gasifier to at least one inlet of the feedstock conversion device, which the plant includes, and/or of the furnace for the purpose of incorporating said ash into the feedstock; and a process for conveying the purified syngas to the main tuyere of the furnace and/or to at least one inlet of the feedstock conversion device.

Abstract: A non-catalytic hydrogen generation process is provided that supplies hydrogen to a hydrodesulfurization unit and a solid oxide fuel cell system combination, suitable for auxiliary power unit application. The non-catalytic nature of the process enables use of sulfur containing feedstock for generating hydrogen which is needed to process the sulfur containing feed to specifications suitable for the solid oxide fuel cell. Also, the non-catalytic nature of the process with fast dynamic characteristics is specifically applicable for startup and shutdown purposes that are typically needed for mobile applications.

Abstract: An apparatus that separates and recovers CO2 from a CO2 absorbent that has absorbed CO2 includes a regeneration tower configured to apply heat to the CO2 absorbent that has absorbed CO2, configured to separate and remove CO2 from the CO2 absorbent, configured to exhaust CO2 gas, and configured to regenerate the CO2 absorbent, a plurality of compressors configured to compress the CO2 gas exhausted from the regeneration tower, a dehydration device provided between the plurality of compressors and configured to remove moisture from the compressed CO2, and a line configured to supply air or N2 gas into the dehydration device to preliminarily operate the dehydration device until a stable state is achieved before starting the compressor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of cleaning a process gas containing sulphur dioxide the method including removing sulphur dioxide from the process gas by contacting the process gas with seawater to generate an at least partly cleaned process gas in a first gas cleaning device. In a second gas cleaning device, being arranged in direct fluid connection with the first gas cleaning device, the at least partly cleaned process gas having passed through the first gas cleaning device is cooled to condense water there from, thereby generating a process gas having a reduced content of water vapour. At least a part of the condensed water generated in the second gas cleaning device is passed to the first gas cleaning device. The present invention moreover relates to a gas cleaning system for cleaning of a process gas containing sulphur dioxide.

Abstract: A novel system and method for degassing H2S and H2Sx from liquid sulfur (sulphur) is disclosed. The system includes a degassing vessel with a plurality of cells. The cells include a sparging gas mat with a perforated surface at the bottom of the cell to allow the release of air bubbles (or sparging gas) into the cells. A catalyst may be used during the process. As a result, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen polysulfide are efficiently and effectively removed from the liquid sulfur.

Abstract: We provide processes, and process units for practicing the processes, comprising a. regenerating a used catalyst comprising an ionic liquid catalyst and a chloride, from an alkylation reactor, in a hydrogenation reactor to produce a regenerated catalyst effluent; b. separating at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst effluent into a gas fraction comprising a hydrogen gas and into a light hydrocarbon fraction comprising a hydrogen chloride; c. recycling at least a part of the gas fraction comprising the hydrogen gas to the hydrogenation reactor; and d. recovering at least an amount of the light hydrocarbon fraction comprising the hydrogen chloride and recycling the at least the amount of the light hydrocarbon fraction to the alkylation reactor. The alkylation process units comprise a hydrogenation reactor, a fractionation unit, and connections for transmitting the gas fraction to the hydrogenation reactor and for transmitting the light hydrocarbon fraction to the alkylation reactor.

Abstract: Methods and systems for improved catalytic reforming are disclosed. A method of catalytic reforming includes feeding a feedstream comprising C6-convertibles to one or more reactors; contacting the feedstream with a reforming catalyst; selecting values for a LHSV, a H2/HC ratio, and a conversion of C6-convertibles from a deactivation kinetic model so as to maximize a net present amount of benzene produced over a run-length of the reforming catalyst; operating the one or more reactors at the selected LHSV, the selected H2/HC ratio, and the selected conversion of C6-convertibles; and recovering an effluent from the reactor, wherein the effluent comprises at least about 40 wt % benzene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for recovering sulphur from a sour gas containing hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide, comprising: oxidation of the sour gas, wherein a part of the hydrogen sulphide is oxidized to sulphur dioxide and water, reaction of the resulting sulphur dioxide with the residual hydrogen sulphide to elementary sulphur, and removal of elementary sulphur. According to the invention carbon dioxide and/or carbon dioxide generated by oxidation of the sour gas is compressed, and at least a part of the carbon dioxide is injected into an oil well. Furthermore, the invention relates to a plant suitable for performing the above method.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the devolatilization of thermally produced liquids to raise the flash point are disclosed. Various methods and apparatus can be used to effectively reduce the volatile components, such as wiped film evaporator, falling film evaporator, flash column, packed column, devolatilization vessel or tank.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of a hydrocarbon stream is disclosed. A full range cracked naphtha is contacted with a hydrogenation catalyst to convert at least a portion of the dienes and mercaptans to thioethers and to hydrogenate at least a portion of the dienes. The full range cracked naphtha is fractionated into a light naphtha fraction, a medium naphtha fraction, and a heavy naphtha fraction. The heavy naphtha fraction is hydrodesulfurized. The medium naphtha fraction is mixed with hydrogen and gas oil to form a mixture, which is contacted with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst to produce a medium naphtha fraction having a reduced sulfur concentration. The light, heavy, and medium naphtha fractions may then be recombined to form a hydrodesulfurized product having a sulfur content of less than 10 ppm in some embodiments.

Abstract: A method includes a first step of, with a CO2.H2S stripper maintained to have a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, from the ammonia-containing wastewater, discharging CO2 and H2S in a form of gas having a low moisture concentration from a tower top of the CO2.H2S stripper while discharging an ammonia-containing solution from a tower bottom of the CO2.H2S stripper; a second step of introducing the ammonia-containing solution obtained after the first step into an ammonia stripper which is maintained to have a lower pressure than that of the CO2.

Abstract: A process for the utilization of the methane produced by enteric fermentation, specifically to a process that utilizes methane produced by ruminant animals through enteric fermentation as a source of carbon and/or energy for the directed production of methane-based goods or processes is provided.

Abstract: A dual-bed catalytic distillation tower has a catalytic column having an upper catalytic bed filled with low temperature dehydration catalysts and a lower catalytic bed filled with high temperature dehydration catalysts. When using the dual-bed catalytic distillation tower, the feeding may be fed to the tower at the top of the upper catalytic bed, between the upper and lower catalytic beds, or at the bottom of the lower catalytic bed for dehydration to obtain DME. The dual-bed catalytic distillation tower has the advantage of flexible set-up depending on various feedings such as anhydrous or crude methanol and on different grades of DME to be obtained.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method for rapidly producing a synthetic gas from a bio-diesel byproduct using microwave plasma, in which, while a plasma flame is generated by a plasma generator and waste glycerin, a bio-diesel byproduct, as fuel, is gasified by being supplied to the generated plasma flame of high temperature, the fuel is supplied in various types to increase the contact time or the contact area with the plasma flame and thus promote gasification thereof and the contents of steam and oxygen supplied and the plasma power are controlled to increase the collection amount of combustible gas and thus allow rapid production of the synthetic gas.

Abstract: A method of upgrading coal is disclosed, the method comprising: subjecting the coal to a hydrothermal dewatering process at a temperature and a pressure above ambient conditions to produce dewatered coal; removing ash tailings from the dewatered coal to produced reduced ash dewatered coal; and producing a coal water slurry with the reduced ash dewatered coal. An apparatus for upgrading coal is also disclosed, the apparatus comprising: a hydrothermal dewatering reactor connected to receive coal and output dewatered coal; an ash separator connected to receive dewatered coal from the hydrothermal dewatering reactor and output reduced ash dewatered coal; a slurrifier connected to receive reduced ash dewatered coal from the ash separator and output a coal water slurry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing waste incineration ashes, in particular domestic waste incineration ashes, in which a process for classifying the ashes and a process for recovering phosphates from the ashes are combined. In said method, the ashes are subjected to a wet classification process during which the ashes are mixed with a liquid, and the ashes are treated with an acidic aqueous solution to redissolve the phosphates, whereupon the phosphates contained in the solution are isolated. The liquid with which the ashes are mixed during the wet classification process is the acidic aqueous solution with which the ashes are treated to redissolve the phosphates.