Abstract: The invention provides a system for preparing specific sized particles, the system comprising a continuous stir tank reactor adapted to receive reactants; a centrifugal dispenser positioned downstream from the reactor and in fluid communication with the reactor; a particle separator positioned downstream of the dispenser; and a solution stream return conduit positioned between the separator and the reactor. Also provided is a method for preparing specific sized particles, the method comprising introducing reagent into a continuous stir reaction tank and allowing the reagents to react to produce product liquor containing particles; contacting the liquor particles with a centrifugal force for a time sufficient to generate particles of a predetermined size and morphology; and returning unused reagents and particles of a non-predetermined size to the tank.

Abstract: Fouling rate inhibition for a hydrogenation reactor. A hydrocarbon hydrogenation method comprises passing a liquid feedstream through a magnetic field to separate magnetically susceptible particles, and introducing the magnetically lean stream into a fixed catalyst bed under hydrogenation conditions to saturate carbon-carbon double bonds in the hydrocarbon. Also, a hydrogenation reactor system comprises a magnetic conditioning zone, an inlet flow path to introduce a magnetically lean stream from the magnetic conditioning zone into a fixed catalyst bed and an outlet flow path from an outlet end of the catalyst bed to withdraw reactor effluent.

Abstract: An integrated facility is disclosed for simultaneous production of butanal and methacrylic acid products where the facility utilizes a mixed methacrolein and isobutanal stream to make methacrylic acid. The facility is also designed to utilize downstream n-butanal products such as n-butanol and/or 2-ethyl-hexanol to make butyl-methacrylates and 2-ethyl-hexyl-methacrylate. A method is also disclosed which integrates the production of butanal derived products and methacrylic acid derived products.

Abstract: A method for generating and purifying syngas and to an apparatus for generating and purifying syngas is presented.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving crude acetone column energy efficiency and operation are provided. The method for improving crude acetone column energy efficiency and operation can include introducing a crude acetone including acetone and phenol to a fractionation column and introducing cumene, AMS, or a combination thereof to the fractionation column. The method can include fractionating the crude acetone within the fractionation column to produce an acetone containing overhead and a phenol containing bottoms. The method can also include condensing at least a portion of the acetone containing overhead indirectly with a cool heat transfer medium to provide a condensed crude acetone product and a heated heat transfer medium, wherein the heat transfer medium includes cumene.

Abstract: Methods of and apparatuses for upgrading a hydrocarbon stream are provided. In an embodiment, a method of upgrading a hydrocarbon stream includes providing the hydrocarbon stream that includes a deoxygenated pyrolysis product. The hydrocarbon stream also includes a residual oxygen-containing compound content. The residual oxygen-containing compound content of the hydrocarbon stream is reduced to form an upgraded hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process and apparatus for heat recovery in vinyl chloride monomer manufacturing plants or in integrated vinyl chloride monomer/polyvinyl chloride manufacturing plants. A process for capture and use of excess heat recovered in the production of vinyl chloride includes distillatively purifying DCE in a high-boilers column, using a heat exchanger to capture thermal energy from a purified DCE vapor stream from the high-boilers column, generating low pressure steam from the captured thermal energy, returning condensed DCE vapors to the high-boilers column, and heating parts of the plant with the generated low pressure steam.

Abstract: A process for producing alkylated hydrocarbons includes the steps of: (a) combining a first feed stream comprising an olefin and an isoparaffin with an alkylation catalyst stream in a first alkylation reactor, (b) removing heat of reaction from the first alkylation reactor, (c) passing an effluent of the first alkylation reactor to a first reaction zone of a second alkylation reactor operating adiabatically to thereby form a first reaction zone effluent, (d) passing the first reaction zone effluent to a second reaction zone of the second alkylation reactor for mixture with a second feed stream comprising an olefin and an isoparaffin, and (e) passing an effluent of the second alkylation reactor to a settler for separation into a hydrocarbon stream and an alkylation catalyst effluent stream. An alkylation unit for carrying out the process is also disclosed.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for recycling a deashed pitch to a slurry hydrocracking zone. The process may include adding a solvent to a neat pitch to obtain a mixture, separating a supernate and a precipitate from the mixture, segregating the solvent from the supernate, and recycling the deashed pitch from the supernate to the slurry hydrocracking zone.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide recovery system includes an absorption tower in which carbon dioxide is absorbed into an absorbing solution then the absorbing solution is output to a regeneration tower in which carbon dioxide is released from the absorbing solution. The regeneration tower outputs the absorbing solution from which carbon dioxide has been released and an exhaust gas included released carbon dioxide and water vapor. In a condensing section the exhaust gas is separated into dioxide gas stream and a condensed water stream. In a mixing section the condensed water is mixed with an amine to a replenishment amine aqueous solution in which the amine is dissolved in the condensed water. In a replenishment section the absorbing solution is mixed with the replenishment amine aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aromatic aldehyde by means of the oxidation of the corresponding starting compound in aqueous medium, and separation of said aldehyde from said medium by pervaporation is disclosed together a plant for its carrying out. Advantageously, the process of the present invention allows control of oxidation reaction and recovery of the product with high selectivity and purity. Among others, benzaldehyde, anisaldehyde and vanillin can advantageously be prepared by this process.

Abstract: A process produces dimethyl ether (DME) from methanol (MeOH). The process includes charging a feed mixture consisting of raw MeOH and a process-internally obtained return flow substantially consisting of unconverted MeOH and reaction water to an MeOH column. The feed mixture is evaporated in the MeOH column to form a first distillate substantially consisting of vaporous MeOH. The first distillate is supplied to a reactor and the MeOH is converted to DME by splitting off water in the reactor so as to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is withdrawn from the reactor, charged to a mixture column and separated into a bottom product substantially consisting of water and a second distillate substantially consisting of DME and MeOH. The second distillate is separated in a DME column into a third distillate substantially consisting of DME, a bottom product consisting essentially of water-poor MeOH, and uncondensable gases discharged overhead.

Abstract: A continuous process for producing a material of a battery cell using a system having a mist generator, a drying chamber, one or more gas-solid separators and a reactor is provided. A mist generated from a liquid mixture of two or more metal precursor compounds in desired ratio is dried inside the drying chamber. Heated air or gas is served as the gas source for forming various gas-solid mixtures and as the energy source for any reactions inside the drying chamber and the reactor. One or more gas-solid separators are used in the system to separate gas-solid mixtures from the drying chamber into solid particles mixed with the metal precursor compounds and continuously feed the solid particles into the reactor for further reaction to obtain final solid material particles with desired crystal structure, particle size, and morphology.

Abstract: A system and method thereof are provided for multi-stage processing of one or more precursor compounds into a battery material. The system includes a mist generator, a drying chamber, one or more gas-solid separators, and one or more in-line reaction modules comprised of one or more gas-solid feeders, one or more gas-solid separators, and one or more reactors. Various gas-solid mixtures are formed within the internal plenums of the drying chamber, the gas-solid feeders, and the reactors. In addition, heated air or gas is served as the energy source within the processing system and as the gas source for forming the gas-solid mixtures to facilitate reaction rate and uniformity of the reactions therein. Precursor compounds are continuously delivered into the processing system and processed in-line through the internal plenums of the drying chamber and the reaction modules into final reaction particles useful as a battery material.

Abstract: A circulation type gasification furnace is provided with: a gasification furnace that turns a fluidized medium into a fluidized bed or moving bed, and produces gasification gas by gasifying a gasification raw material injected into the fluidized medium; a combustion furnace that heats the fluidized medium discharged from the gasification furnace and combusts residue of the gasification raw material; a medium separator that, in order to return the fluidized medium to the gasification furnace, separates the fluidized medium from a combustion exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace; a gasification gas separator that separates the gasification gas produced in the gasification furnace from the residue of the gasification raw material; and a residue discharge section that creates a seal between the gasification gas separator and the combustion furnace, and discharges the residue separated by the gasification gas separator into the combustion furnace.

Abstract: Compounds, synthesis of, and methods for synthesizing metal alkoxide derivatives; and metal alkoxide derivatives for use as flame retardants are described. Group 13 metal alkoxides having flame retardant properties may be prepared by reacting the group 13 metal trihydroxide with an alcohol.

Abstract: A method for treating cement kiln dust is provided. The method includes the steps of receiving cement kiln dust (CKD) from a kiln; heating the collected CKD; forming a gas stream of vaporized metal and CKD by sufficient heating to separate at least one heavy metal from the collected CKD stream to create a cleaned CKD stream and a metal stream; providing a water soluble alkaline-earth metal polysulfide; combining the heavy metal stream with the water soluble alkaline-earth metal sulfide to create a combined stream; and removing at least a portion of one heavy metal from the combined stream.

Abstract: Described is a method for preparing a purified liquid containing carbohydrates. The method comprises the steps of: hydrolysing starch to a dextrose equivalent (DE) of 10 or above, thus obtaining a liquid of carbohydrates; removing a heavy weight sludge fraction from the light weight liquid of carbohydrates using centrifugation; filtering the remaining liquid of carbohydrates, the filter being capable of retaining coarser particles while allowing particles with a diameter less than 2 ?m to pass; performing membrane separation on the filtered liquid of carbohydrates using a membrane having a pore size at 2 ?m or below; and recovering a permeate stream of purified liquid containing carbohydrates. Also disclosed in a plant for performing the method.

Abstract: A system for converting fuel is provided and includes a first reactor comprising a plurality of ceramic composite particles, the ceramic composite particles comprising at least one metal oxide disposed on a support, wherein the first reactor is configured to reduce the at least one metal oxide with a fuel to produce a reduced metal or a reduced metal oxide; a second reactor configured to oxidize at least a portion of the reduced metal or reduced metal oxide from the said first reactor to produce a metal oxide intermediate; a source of air; and a third reactor communicating with said source of air and configured to regenerate the at least one metal oxide from the remaining portion of the solids discharged from the said first reactor and the solids discharged from the said second reactor by oxidizing the metal oxide intermediate.

Abstract: A concentration system and method is disclosed. An example concentration system includes at least two material tubes configured to receive organic material. The example concentration system also includes a collection tank connected to at least one material tube at a time. The example concentration system also includes a recovery unit connected to the collection tank. The example concentration system also includes a solvent charging tank connected to the recovery unit. Under heat and pressure, an extraction from the organic material in the at least one material tube is removed and the solvent is converted into a gaseous state for collection as a liquid solvent in the solvent charging tank.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing crude oil comprise adding water to the crude oil to produce an emulsion comprising brine and oil and solids; separating oil from brine including producing brine comprising a rag layer; separating the rag layer into a hydrocarbon emulsion having finer solids and brine comprising larger solids; and passing the hydrocarbon emulsion along a cross-flow filter to produce a retentate comprising brine and solids and a permeate comprising hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a process for preparing acetals and ketals which comprises (i) reacting an aldehyde or ketone with an alcohol in the presence of a solid acid at a temperature of below ?40° C., and (ii) removing water and lower aliphatic alcohol and/or sugar alcohol from the reaction product by pervaporation.

Abstract: A catalytic reforming process for producing gasoline of reduced benzene content includes the steps of reforming a reformer feedstock that includes a naphtha stream to produce a gasoline reformate product stream; splitting the gasoline reformate product stream into one or more relatively benzene-rich fractions and one or more relatively benzene-lean fractions; and hydrogenating the one or more relatively benzene-rich fractions to produce a cyclohexane-rich effluent, at least a portion of which cyclohexane-rich effluent is recycled to constitute a portion of the reformer feedstock.

Abstract: A method and system for producing methanol that employs an integrated oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is disclosed. The integrated oxygen transport membrane based reforming system carries out a primary reforming process, a secondary reforming process, and synthesis gas conditioning to produce synthesis gas having a desired module of between about 2.0 and 2.2 for a methanol production process thereby optimizing the efficiency and productivity of the methanol plant.

Abstract: SOx removal equipment for reducing sulfur oxides from flue gas from a boiler, a cooler which is provided on the downstream side of the SOx removal equipment, for reducing the sulfur oxides from the flue gas and for decreasing a gas temperature, CO2 recovery equipment including: an absorber for bringing CO2 in the flue gas into contact with a CO2 absorption liquid so as to be reduced; and a regenerator for causing the CO2 absorption liquid to emit CO2 so as to recover CO2 and regenerate the CO2 absorption liquid, and a wet type electric dust collector for reducing a mist generation material which is a generation source of mist that is generated in the absorber of the CO2 recovery equipment before introducing the flue gas to the CO2 recovery equipment, are included.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlled delivery of nitric oxide. A pump draws air through an activated carbon filter and into a reaction chamber. The generation of nitric oxide occurs in the reaction chamber. A second pump draws the gas in the reaction chamber through a calcium hydroxide filter and delivers the nitric oxide through an orifice, or aperture, that controls the flow of nitric oxide delivered. The nitric oxide is filtered through a calcium hydroxide filter just prior to being made available for various nitric oxide therapies. Topical applications that provide a nitric oxide therapy to a surface are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing an alpha olefin comprising obtaining a feed stream comprising an internal olefin having a first carbon number and an alpha olefin having a first carbon number, isomerizing the feed stream to increase the quantity of the alpha olefin, fractionating, subjecting the overhead material from fractionation to catalytic metathesis to produce a mixed olefin effluent comprising an internal olefin having a second carbon number and other hydrocarbons, fractionating, preparing the first isomerization reactor and fractionator to receive the olefin having a second carbon number, isomerizing the internal olefin intermediate in the prepared first isomerization reactor, and fractionating the second isomerization effluent in the prepared first fractionator to separate the alpha olefin having the second carbon number from the internal olefin having the second carbon number. A corresponding system also is disclosed, along with a heat pump that can be incorporated into the process.

Abstract: Methods and system for obtaining long chain carbons that generally include forming a conversion mixture of an alcohol and a base, adding the conversion mixture to oil (such as petroleum based oil, crude oil, used oil, used motor oil, and new motor oil) to form a reaction mixture, adding a high nitrate compound the reaction mixture, and separating out the long chain carbons for use as an input by other processing such as pharmaceutical and/or additional petro-chemical processing. Additional cooling and/or filtering processes may be utilized to complete and/or optimize oil conversion.

Abstract: A system employs a closed electrolyzer vessel into which water is circulated, and an electrode plate assembly is immersed to dissociate water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. Only water is used as the electrolyte fluid. An air injector in the water return line injects air bubbling for enhanced dissociation of water. The electrode plate assembly is formed by one or more unit stacks of 7-plates each, including two outer cathode plates, a middle anode plate, and spaced inner plates. The generated gases are maintained in a stable condition by an electromagnetic coil assembly that separates the hydrogen gas from oxygen gas. The system can obtain 180% reduction in fuel usage in a vehicle engine, and 20 times reduction in carbon exhaust. It can obtain a 500% increase in fuel efficiency in an electrical power generator.

Abstract: A hydrogen separation membrane including: a metal layer including the at least one Group 5 element; and a transition metal catalyst layer on the metal layer, the transition metal catalyst layer including at least one transition metal and at least one of phosphorus (P) or boron (B).

Abstract: Hydrogen and carbon monoxide impurities are removed from a dry gas comprising the impurities, wherein the dry gas is at least substantially free of carbon dioxide, by passing the dry gas with sufficient residence time, e.g. at least 1.5 s, through a layer of catalyst comprising a mixture of manganese oxide and copper oxide. The use of expensive noble metal catalysts to remove hydrogen may thereby be avoided. In addition, regeneration of the catalyst using oxygen-containing regeneration gas does not reduce the effectiveness of the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a reaction system for the production of an alkylene carbonate comprising: an epoxidation zone containing an epoxidation catalyst located within an epoxidation reactor; a carboxylation zone containing an bromide-containing carboxylation catalyst located within an alkylene oxide absorber; and one or more purification zones containing a purification absorbent capable of reducing the quantity of bromide-containing impurities in a feed comprising a recycle gas, which purification zones are located upstream from the epoxidation zone; and a process for the production of an alkylene carbonate and an alkylene glycol.

Abstract: A process for extracting hydrocarbons from a molecular combination is provided. The process includes heating a molecular combination to dissociate it into a particle stream of carbon cations, hydrogen cations, and oxygen anions; guiding the stream through a non-conductive conduit; moving the dissociated particle stream through a magnetic field to separate the cations from the anions; and isolating the separated cations from the anions. In one embodiment, methane is formed from carbonic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to the treatment of a medium, particularly to the purification of water, air, or surfaces. A photo-active layer (120) is disposed on an energy-transfer surface (111) of a substrate (110). Thus light energy transfer from said substrate (110) to the photoactive layer (120) is directly achieved without an intermediate passage through the medium. The substrate (110) may preferably be a waveguide from which light energy is transferred into the photoactive layer (120) via evanescent waves. Moreover, the optical coupling between the substrate (110) and the photoactive layer (120) may spatially vary.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for processing hydrocarbon feeds. The method may pass a pyrolysis feed to a thermal pyrolysis reactor and expose at least a portion of the pyrolysis feed to high-severity operating conditions in a thermal pyrolysis reactor, wherein the thermal pyrolysis reactor is operated at operating conditions that include pressure?36 psig and provide a reactor product that has a C3+ to C2 unsaturate weight ratio?0.5.

Abstract: A reaction system and method for preparing compounds or intermediates from solid reactant materials is provided. In a specific aspect, a reaction system and methods are provided for preparation of boron-containing precursor compounds useful as precursors for ion implantation of boron in substrates. In another specific aspect, a reactor system and methods are provided for manufacture of boron precursors such as B2F4.

Abstract: A process and system for the controlled thermal conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, including: exposing the feedstock to one or more predetermined temperatures and one or more predetermined pressures for one or more predetermined amounts of time in one or more chambers to produce a gas product and a solid product, wherein the gas product includes one or more of methane, Carbon monoxide, Hydrogen, and one or more noxious chemicals and the solid product includes Carbon and Carbon nano-structures; sequestration enabling at least a portion of the Carbon by creating associated Lewis Acid Sites; sequestering at least one of the one or more noxious chemicals in the one or more chambers using the sequestration enabled Carbon; and controlling the constituents of the gas product using feedback, thereby providing a predictable and stable gas product from an unknown and/or variable feedstock and communicating data via SmartGrid communications protocols.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for processing hydrocarbon feeds. The method enhances the conversion of hydrocarbon feeds into conversion products, such as ethylene. In particular, the present techniques utilize a high-severity thermal pyrolysis reactor that exposes a feed at a peak pyrolysis gas temperature ?1540° C. to produce a reactor product comprising ethylene and acetylene and has a C3+ to acetylene weight ratio ?0.5. Then, the method separates a product comprising tars and/or solids from at least a portion of the reactor product and converts at least a portion of the remaining reactor product into a conversion product, such as ethylene.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for hydroprocessing. The process can include providing a hydroprocessing zone having at least two beds, and quenching downstream of a first bed of the at least two beds with a first vacuum gas oil that may be lighter than another vacuum gas oil fed to the first bed.

Abstract: A feedstock flexible process for converting feedstock into oil and gas includes (i) indirectly heated hydrous devolatilization of volatile feedstock components, (ii) indirectly heated thermochemical conversion of fixed carbon feedstock components, (iii) heat integration and recovery, (iv) vapor and gas pressurization, and (v) vapor and gas clean-up and product recovery. A system and method for feedstock conversion includes a thermochemical reactor integrated with one or more hydrous devolatilization and solids circulation subsystems configured to accept a feedstock mixture, comprised of volatile feedstock components and fixed carbon feedstock components, and continuously produce a volatile reaction product stream therefrom, while simultaneously and continuously capturing, transferring, and converting the fixed carbon feedstock components to syngas.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process involving a new method of use for methyl isothiocyanate (MITC)-generating compounds in the treatment of organic waste material to reduce vector attraction. The present invention results in waste that is more suitable for use as a fertilizer and meets the standard for vector attraction reduction (VAR) as established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The method includes the application of MITC generating compounds, such as metam sodium, to organic waste material, resulting in the generation of MITC. The MITC generated by the process of the present invention results in a loss of attraction for organic waste material normally experienced by disease-transmitting pests such as flies and rodents.

Abstract: A portable biodiesel manufacturing or processing plant for processing on continuous basis a raw plant based oil feedstock to form biodiesel.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for managing hydrate formation in a process that converts a hydrocarbon stream into C2 unsaturates, such as ethylene and/or acetylenes. The method includes adding a hydrate inhibitor to a hydrocarbon stream to lower the hydrate formation point of the mixture stream from an initial hydrate formation point (HI) of the hydrocarbon stream to a depressed hydrate formation point (HD) of the mixture stream. Then, the mixture stream is depressurized to adiabatically cool the stream to a temperature (T), wherein the HD<T<HI. Then, at least a portion of the mixture stream is vaporized and the vaporized portion of the mixture stream is separated from the unvaporized portion of the mixture stream. Once separated, at least a portion of the vaporized portion is converted into product, such as ethylene and/or acetylene.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a portable, vacuum assisted decontamination unit. The invention also relates to a vacuum assisted decontamination process. The decontamination unit may be ruggedized for use in hostile environments such as those that may be anticipated for military applications.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for recovering dichlorohydrins from a hydrochlorination reactor effluent stream comprising dichlorohydrins, one or more compounds selected from esters of dichlorohydrins, monochlorohydrins and/or esters thereof, and multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds and/or esters thereof, and optionally one or more substances comprising water, chlorinating agents, catalysts and/or esters of catalysts. The reactor effluent stream is distilled to produce a dichlorohydrin-rich vapor phase effluent stream. The dichlorohydrin-rich vapor phase effluent stream is cooled and condensed in two unit operations conducted at two different temperatures and a portion of the liquid phase effluent stream produced by the first unit operation is recycled to the distillation step for reflux. Product streams produced by the process and apparatus are suitable for further processing in a further unit operation, such as dehydrochlorination.

Abstract: A plant and process for producing alkylene oxides to control the production of silver chloride on a high efficiency silver catalyst is disclosed and described. The process involves reacting an alkylene and an organic chloride gas phase promoter with oxygen over the high efficiency silver catalyst. The sulfur concentration in the alkylene oxide reactor feed is controlled to reduce the production of silver chloride which acts as a catalyst poison.

Abstract: A system for separating liquids from solids comprising an immobilization unit comprising an immobilization vessel containing a bed of magnetizable material and a magnet configured to produce a magnetic field within the immobilization vessel, wherein the immobilization vessel further comprises an immobilization vessel outlet and an immobilization vessel inlet for a fluid comprising liquid and metal-containing particles.

Abstract: Described herein an apparatus and methods used to remove unwanted by-products of metathesis reactions.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for hydrocracking hydrocarbon feed in a hydrocracking unit and hydrotreating a diesel product from the hydrocracking unit in a hydrotreating unit. The hydrocracking unit and the hydrotreating unit shares the same recycle gas compressor. A warm separator separates recycle gas and hydrocarbons from diesel in the hydrotreating effluent, so fraction of the diesel is relatively simple. The warm separator also keeps the diesel product separate from the more sulfurous diesel in the hydrocracking effluent, and still retains heat needed for fractionation of lighter components from the low sulfur diesel product.

Abstract: An apparatus for catalytic cracking of feedstock includes a first channel in which a feedstock is treated with an adsorbent to obtain a treated intermediate. The apparatus further comprises a separator-reactor vessel. The separator-reactor vessel includes an adsorbent separating region to remove the adsorbent from the treated intermediate. The separator-reactor vessel further includes a second channel connected to the adsorbent separating region. The treated intermediate is contacted with a catalyst in the second channel to produce a cracking yield. The second channel terminates in a catalyst separating region of the separator-reactor vessel. The catalyst is removed from the cracking yield in the catalyst separating region. The separator-reactor vessel further includes a physical partition disposed between the adsorbent separating region and the catalyst separating region to separate the two regions.