Abstract: A process for an endothermic reaction includes the steps of carrying out an exothermic reaction in which a fuel is combusted to generate heat for transfer to a feedstock subject to an endothermic reaction, the waste heat from the exothermic and endothermic reactions being transferred to at least three fluid streams within a single heat recovery zone downstream of the endothermic and exothermic reactions, the apparatus therefor being contained within a single vessel.

Abstract: A horizontal chemical reactor comprises at least one catalytic bed (5a-5d) arranged horizontally in the reactor and comprising a lower gas-permeable wall (6) for gas outlet, and a holding element (2) of the at least one catalytic bed.

Abstract: A reactor including a bundle of catalyst tubes through which a reaction mixture is passed, and wherein a heat exchange medium is passed through a space surrounding the catalyst tubes and including ring lines at both reactor ends with jacket orifices for feeding in and removing the heat exchange medium by at least one pump. The heat exchange medium is fed to the upper ring line and is sucked in via the lower ring line by the at least one pump having at least one vertical pump shaft mounted and operated at its upper end. The at least one pump includes a diagonal rotor and a restrictor gap in the longitudinal direction of the at least one pump shaft, within the heat exchange medium, on the pressure side of the at least one pump for sealing and mounting the at least one pump shaft and reducing axial shear of the diagonal rotor.

Abstract: The CO remover of this invention includes an air mixer for mixing air with hydrogen-rich gas including carbon monoxide and a selective oxidative catalytic device in which a selective oxidative catalyst bed is formed by filling selective oxidative catalyst into a gas passing tube. The selective oxidative catalytic device includes a gas blending unit for blending gas passing through the central part of the gas passing tube with gas passing through the peripheral part at a point in the selective oxidative catalyst bed in the direction of gas flow. As a result, the reaction apparatus and the CO remover have simple structures. In addition, gas passing through the central part upstream is blended with gas passing through the peripheral part upstream to uniformize the temperature of gas in the gas blending unit, so that high CO selectivity is obtained.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a heat exchanged membrane reactor for electric power generation. More specifically, the invention comprises a membrane reactor system that employs catalytic or thermal steam reforming and a water gas shift reaction on one side of the membrane, and hydrogen combustion on the other side of the membrane. Heat of combustion is exchanged through the membrane to heat the hydrocarbon fuel and provide heat for the reforming reaction. In one embodiment, the hydrogen is combusted with compressed air to power a turbine to produce electricity. A carbon dioxide product stream is produced in inherently separated form and at pressure to facilitate injection of the CO2 into a well for the purpose of sequestering carbon from the earth's atmosphere.

Abstract: An apparatus for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a reformate flow includes a reactor defining a flow path for a reformate flow; at least one catalyst bed disposed along the flow path; and a distributor for distributing oxygen from an oxygen source to the at least one catalyst bed, the distributor including a conduit positioned at least one of upstream of and through the at least one catalyst bed, the conduit having a sidewall permeable to flow of oxygen from within the conduit to the at least one catalyst bed.

Abstract: A conversion reactor (10) including an outer shell (12) having first (14) and second (16) ends and an inner surface (16) a primary inner shell (30) extending into the outer shell (12), the primary inner shell (30) defining a heat exchanging chamber (100) and having primary and secondary (34) ends, and a secondary inner shell (40) having a first end (42) located adjacent the secondary end (34) of the primary inner shell (30). One or more oulet apertures (46) are formed between the two inner shells (30,40) for passage of the gaseous fluid out of the heat exchanging chamber (100). There are also a plurality of heat exchange tubes (50) extending through the heat exchanging chamber (100) between first (58) and second (64) tube sheets and connected to same. The first tube sheet (58) is mounted in the primary inner shell (30) while the second tube sheet (64) is connected to the secondary inner shell (40).

Abstract: A nitrate reduction device has a cadmium structure forming a plurality of longitudinal channels within a flow chamber, which may be formed by a plurality of wires. The device is used to reduce nitrate to a final nitrite product for analysis.

Abstract: A fuel reformer for reforming hydrocarbon base fuel into hydrogen rich gas, with one embodiment comprised of material containing at least 15 to 25% by mass Cr, 8 to 35% by mass Ni, 2 to 4% by mass Si and the remainder Fe and inevitable impurities (C, Mn, P, S or others). The material provides sigma brittleness resistance and cementation resistance, and provides a reformer that is lightweight, low-cost, highly reliable and durable. A second embodiment adds to the composition 0.05 to 1% by mass Nb, providing improved oxidation resistance, cementation resistance, intergranular corrosion resistance, with further improved reliability and durability.

Abstract: A reactor module for use in a compact fuel processor having a module inlet for receiving a feed stream, a module outlet for producing an effluent stream, a reactor having a reactor inlet, a reactor outlet, and catalyst, an inlet spiral passage in fluid communication with the module inlet to the reactor inlet, and an outlet spiral passage in fluid communication with the reactor outlet to the module outlet. Such a design provides for the feed stream to be introduced to the module inlet, where it then passes through the inlet spiral passage, and is heated by hot reactor product passing through the outlet spiral passage. The reactor may be any type of fixed bed exothermic containing supported catalyst particles or the reactor bed may be a monolith with catalytic material coated on to the surface of the structural members.

Abstract: A method for controlling temperature of a catalytic converter in an automobile exhaust system is disclosed. The method includes establishing a reference temperature for the catalytic converter, distributing a stream of exhaust gases through the catalytic converter, obtaining a measured temperature of the catalytic converter and converting thermal energy from the stream of exhaust gases into electrical energy when the measured temperature exceeds the reference temperature. An apparatus for controlling temperature of a catalytic converter in an automobile exhaust system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of preparing a polymer under predetermined temperature conditions comprises conducting the polymerization within a closed reaction chamber configured such that most or all of an inner surface has heat exchange capability. The chamber's dimensions are such that the polymerization mixture contacts the effective heat exchange surface sufficiently to ensure that the temperature throughout the polymerization mixture does not vary more than a few degrees from a desired temperature. In one embodiment the chamber is formed of two adjacent, parallel heat exchange plates, wherein at least one plate has a peripheral lip which, in contact with the opposing plate, forms the closed chamber. Multiple plates can be arrayed to form multiple chambers, and each chamber's polymerization temperature, as well as resident polymerization mixture, can be individually predetermined.

Abstract: A system for treating a treatable material containing a noxious component, which comprises a mixer for mixing a treatment agent containing alkali material with the treatable material to form a mixture, at least one first heat treating furnace for producing a low oxygen concentration atmosphere, a first heating device located outside the first furnace to heat it at a first temperature at which the treatable material is decomposed to generate a substance containing the noxious component, at least one separate second heat treating furnace, and a second heating device located outside the second furnace for heating the treatable material residue at a second temperature at which carbonization of the treatable material residue takes place.

Abstract: A reformer for a solid state polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a burner 1 forming a flame, a reforming portion 2 surrounding the burner and having an exhaust port 22 and exhausting a reformed gas from the exhaust port 22; and a heat exchanger 4 having a higher temperature side, the higher temperature side being connected directly with the exhaust port 22 of the reforming portion 2, the heat exchanger 4 establishing heat exchange between the reformed gas and a raw material gas.

Abstract: In a shell-and-tube type reactor, the leakage between the upper and lower chambers is substantially decreased by tightly fitting the reaction tubes to the shield. The present invention provides a reactor for use in catalytic gas phase oxidation characterized by expanding reaction tubes to at least one groove formed in the reaction tube-fixing part of an intermediate tube sheet to form a shield, thereby forming plural of chambers with the intermediate tube sheet, and forming an expansion joint around the periphery of each of the chambers.

Abstract: An automobile catalytic converter that utilizes the energy of the exothermic reactions that take place in the catalysis substrate to produce electrical energy with a thermoelectric generator. On vehicle cold start, the thermoelectric generator is used as a heat pump to heat the catalyst substrate to reduce the time to catalyst light-off. In this way, the catalytic converter comes up to operating temperature more rapidly, reducing the amount of pollutant emissions at vehicle start-up.

Abstract: Heat exchange unit for pseudo-isothermal reactors including a substantially cylindrical shell (2) closed at its opposite ends by respective bottoms (3, 4), at least one thereof is provided with at least one manhole opening (5) of predetermined dimensions, a reaction zone (6) inside the shell (2) in order to contain a catalytic bed, comprising at least two modular and assembly heat exchangers (11), having predetermined cross dimensions smaller than those of the manhole opening (5), each heat exchanger (11) comprising at least one heat exchange element (12).

Abstract: A reaction vessel which includes internally placed temperature controlling mixing baffles in which liquid is boiled, resulting in an isothermal heat sink. The energy of vaporization is supplied by the reaction vessel contents. The vapor produced by the boiling is directed to channel coils which surround the outside of the reaction vessel wall. The channel coils contact the outside wall of the reaction vessel perpendicularly, and provide mechanical support for the reaction vessel. The mechanical support from the channel coils allows for a decrease in the thickness of the reaction vessel wall and corresponding increased heat transfer efficiency between the channel coil contents and the reaction vessel contents. The entire above described apparatus is enclosed within an evacuated shell to provide additional insulation.

Abstract: A reactor for fluorinating an organic compound comprising (a) an outer vessel; (b) a reactor vessel being disposed within said outer vessel to define an annular space, said reactor vessel at least partially comprising a fluoropolymer, said annular space being adapted to receive a fluid; (c) at least one pathway for introducing said heating fluid into said annular space; (d) at least one pathway for inputing reaction materials into said reactor vessel; and (e) at least one pathway for ouputing a product stream from said reactor vessel.

Abstract: A tubular reactor (2) for catalytic reactions with a heat carrier that inside a reactor jacket (10) circulates around a contact tube bundle (8), which extends between a tube plate (4; 6; 80; 82) at the reaction gas inlet side and one at the reaction gas outlet side with gas inlet and gas outlet hoods (12, 14) spanning the face sides of the two tube plates and containing reaction-inhibiting media in the zone of the tube plate on the gas inlet side, characterize themselves in that the reaction-inhibiting media consist entirely or in part of a heat insulation layer (46; 50; 64; 80) with openings for the tube cross-sections on at least one of the two sides of the respective tube plate (4; 60; 82). In this manner, either the respective tube plate (4; 60; 82) is insulated against the hot heat carrier or the reaction gas entering into the reactor is prevented from having contact with the comparatively hot tube plate in order to prevent harmful secondary reactions at the reactor inlet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide with the application of a synthesis reactor, a condenser, a scrubber and a stripper, wherein an outlet of the stripper, through which a gas stream is discharged during operation, is functionally connected to the inlet of the condenser and to the inlet of the reactor and wherein an outlet of the condenser is functionally connected to an inlet of the scrubber and wherein the obtained reaction mixture is stripped in the stripper in countercurrent with one of the starting materials, wherein the division of the gas stream from the stripper to the condenser and the reactor is completely or partly controlled by one or more controlling elements present in the non-common part of the functional connection between the outlet of the stripper and the inlet of the condenser and/or the inlet of the reactor.

Abstract: A fluidized-bed reactor for the oxychlorination of ethylene, oxygen and HCL, comprises a heat exchanger, having tube packets in the fluidized-bed for releasing the heat evolved from exothermic reaction to a heat-transfer medium in the tube packets, in particular to water/steam. The tube packets come into contact with water via a ring pipe and the steam being removed via a ring pipe to provide an economical solution with which expensive drilled passages are avoided, the calculation for ring pipes is facilitated and a large number of wall passages is dispensed with. This is achieved by the ring pipe being mounted as a collector or chamber directly on the reactor wall.

Abstract: A cooled discharge unit of an apparatuses for processing homogeneous/heterogeneous radioactive wastes with ion-exchange resins. The cooled discharge unit has a discharge pipe, a cooling jacket having a U-shaped form in cross section, a collector for feeding a coolant into the jacket, a discharge gate having a pipe, on one end of which is a cone-shaped tip and on the other end of which is a lid with an aperture.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a heat exchanged membrane reactor for electric power generation. More specifically, the invention comprises a membrane reactor system that employs catalytic or thermal steam reforming and a water gas shift reaction on one side of the membrane, and hydrogen combustion on the other side of the membrane. Heat of combustion is exchanged through the membrane to heat the hydrocarbon fuel and provide heat for the reforming reaction. In one embodiment, the hydrogen is combusted with compressed air to power a turbine to produce electricity. A carbon dioxide product stream is produced in inherently separated form and at pressure to facilitate injection of the CO2 into a well for the purpose of sequestering carbon from the earth's atmosphere.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to unique and advantageous systems for gasifying and/or liquefying biomass. The systems of the subject invention utilize a unique design whereby heat from a combustion chamber is used to directly gasify or liquefy biomass. In a preferred embodiment, the biomass is moved through a reactor tube in which all the gasification and/or liquefaction takes place. Preferably, char exits the biomass reactor tube and enters the combustion chamber where the char serves as fuel for combustion. The combustion chamber partially surrounds the reactor tube and is in direct thermal contact with the reactor tube such that heat from the combustion chamber passes through the reactor wall and directly heats the biomass within the reactor tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor vessel and method for the gasification of carbon-containing fuel, residual and waste materials using an oxygen-containing oxidizing agent and in a reaction chamber which is designed as an entrained-bed reactor, at pressures between ambient pressure and 80 bar, preferably between ambient pressure and 30 bar, the contour of the reaction chamber being delimited by a cooling system, and the pressure in the cooling system always being held at a higher level than the pressure in the reaction chamber, and the cooling system withstanding the maximum possible pressure difference with respect to the reaction chamber, which has been depressurized to atmospheric pressure, which reactor vessel is distinguished by the fact that cooling channels are formed by webs which are in contact both with a refractory protective layer and with the pressure shell.

Abstract: The temperature distribution of a heating medium in the reactor is allayed and the occurrence of hot spots is repressed. In a shell-and-tube type reactor provided with donut type and disc type baffle plates, reaction tubes are disposed even in the holes formed in the donut type baffle plates and an empty space devoid of a configuration of the reaction tubes is formed at the center of the shell. According to this invention, (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrolein can be produced at a low energy by catalytic gas phase oxidation of propylene- or isobutylene-containing gas.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus useful in fluorinating organic compounds, or more particularly to a reactor system suitable for the fluorination of organic compounds on a commercial scale. The apparatus is also useful in chemical reactions including heating or cooling.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for inhibiting metal dusting corrosion of a tubesheet inside a shell-and-tube heat exchanger having at least one exit nozzle for transmitting at least one process fluid from the shell-and-tube heat exchanger include and use: an isolation baffle disposed inside the shell-and-tube heat exchanger at a location between a first exit nozzle and the tubesheet, whereby an isolated space exists between the tubesheet and the isolation baffle; and a means for purging the isolated space with a purging fluid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a compact apparatus for generating hydrogen. More particularly, this invention relates to a compact hydrogen generating apparatus suitable for use in conjunction with a fuel cell. The compact hydrogen generating apparatus comprises a fuel processor reactor having an integrated pre-reforming zone embedded within a secondary reforming zone.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus arranged to maximize heat utilization for a hydrocarbon steam reforming process to produce synthesis gas. The apparatus comprises a refractory lined vessel with partition walls that divide the inside of the vessel into (1) a combustion chamber(s) containing one or more burners, and (2) convection chambers used as a means to remove combustion products from the combustion chamber through one or more openings at the opposite end of the burner end. The combustion chamber contains one or more reformer tubes in which a mixed-feed of hydrocarbon and steam flow co-current with combustion products and receive direct radiant heat from the combustion flame through the tube wall. The convection chambers contain a tube-in-tube device filled with catalyst in the annuli.

Abstract: To provide a hydrogen generator for a fuel cell for generating a hydrogen-rich gas by steam reforming a source of hydrocarbon fuel gas and supplying the hydrogen-rich gas to a fuel cell or the like to make it possible to efficiently heat a reforming catalyst in a reforming pipe by a combustion gas. A reforming pipe in which a reforming pipe is formed by filling a reforming catalyst between an erect pipe and a polygonal or wavelike outer pipe surrounding the erect pipe and an outermost pipe in which vertexes of the polygonal or wavelike outer pipe are inscribed to the contour of the reforming pipe are set to form a route of a reformed gas between the outer pipe and the outermost pipe. It is preferable to concentrically arrange a combustion pipe, the reforming pipe, the outermost pipe, the heat insulating means, a CO transformer, a first spatial portion, a CO eliminator, a second spatial portion, and a vessel in order.

Abstract: The invention proposes a reactor (1) having a contact tube bundle (2) through whose space surrounding the contact tubes a heat-exchange medium circuit is passed, with ring lines (3, 4) at both ends of the reactor with jacket apertures (5, 6) for the supply and discharge of a heat-exchange medium by means of a pump via an external heat exchanger, where the heat-exchange medium is fed to the lower ring line (4) and is discharged to the heat exchanger via the upper ring line (3), and with baffle plates (7) which leave a passage cross section alternately in the reactor center and at the reactor edge.

Abstract: A synthetic gas manufacturing plant includes a reformer having a reaction tube, a combustion radiation unit arranged around the reaction tube to heat the reaction tube, and a convection unit communicating with the combustion radiation unit, a source gas supply passageway to supply a natural gas to the reformer, a steam supply passageway to supply steam to the source gas supply passageway, a carbon dioxide recovery apparatus to which a total amount of combustion exhaust gas flowing through the convection unit of the reformer is supplied, and which recovers carbon dioxide from the combustion exhaust gas, a compressor to compress the recovered carbon dioxide, and a return passageway to supply part or the whole of the compressed carbon dioxide from the compressor to the source gas supply passageway.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (E) for systems having a heat generating furnace (F) includes at least one heat exchanging arm (10) formed from an inner (12) and an outer (14) concentric tube with an inner (16) and outer (18) passageway separated by a common wall (20). The inner concentric tube (12) has a first end (22) with a fluid flow outlet (24) for discharging an exhaust fluid (26) and a second end (28) with a fluid flow inlet (30) for receiving an input (32) of the exhaust fluid. The outer concentric tube (14) has a first end (34) with a fluid flow (36) inlet for receiving an input of an intake (38) fluid flow and a second end (40) with a fluid flow outlet (42) for discharging the intake fluid (38). The exhaust fluid (26) flows through the inner concentric tube (12) in a direction substantially opposite to the intake fluid flow (38) through the heat exchanger arm (10).

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the preparation of synthesis gas by catalytic steam and/or CO2 reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising the following steps:

Abstract: A system for processing residual gas that includes a chamber having at least one baffle for increasing gas flow path, a residual gas inlet mechanism connected to the chamber for supplying residual gas to the chamber, at least one first gas inlet mechanism connected to the chamber for supplying inert gas to the chamber, at least one second gas inlet mechanism connected to the chamber for supplying a reactive gas to the chamber, and a gas outlet mechanism for connected to the chamber for outputting mixed gases from mixing the residual gas, inert gas and reactive gas and non-reacted residual gas, inert gas and reactive gas.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the preparation of synthesis gas by catalytic steam and/or CO2 reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising the following steps:

Abstract: A conical reactor head for use in chemical processes or other systems is provided. The reactor head includes a robust internal insulator to boost efficiency while maintaining safety by allowing the reactor head to self-radiate at high temperatures. The reactor head also includes a plurality of support lugs to protect its bottom flange from scratches or other damage when the reactor head is set on the ground. The reactor head is adapted to connect to a catalyst-containing barrel which is specially designed to facilitate easy installation and removal of catalysts or other equipment from outside the barrel. The reactor may be coupled with a rotation vane to induce laminar flow at the inlet of the reactor to increase reactor efficiency and prolong catalyst life.

Abstract: A heat exchanger design is provided for optimal transfer of thermal energy between a primary reactor-out reformate and a primary reactor-in steam and air. In particular, one embodiment of the present invention comprises a prime-surface true counterflow heat exchanger positioned around the primary reactor. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract, which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that is will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. 37 CFR 1.72(b).

Abstract: The invention relates to an installation for the preparation of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide, the installation comprising two reactor sections in a vertically placed combined reactor and a high-pressure condenser section. The installation may comprise a vertically placed combined reactor, with the two reactor sections being separated by a high-pressure condenser section. In another embodiment the installation comprises a vertically placed combined reactor that comprises two reactor sections and a high-pressure condenser section placed outside the reactor. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of urea in this installation. This involves feeding the gas stream leaving the stripper wholly or partly to the high-pressure condenser section of the installation. Preferably, a portion of the gas stream leaving the scrubber is fed to the second reactor section in the vertically placed combined reactor via an ammonia-driven ejector.

Abstract: A conical reactor head for use in chemical processes or other systems is provided. The reactor head includes a robust internal insulator to boost efficiency while maintaining safety by allowing the reactor head to self-radiate at high temperatures. The reactor head also includes a plurality of support lugs to protect its bottom flange from scratches or other damage when the reactor head is set on the ground. The reactor head is adapted to connect to a catalyst-containing barrel which is specially designed to facilitate easy installation and removal of catalysts or other equipment from outside the barrel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for reforming educts containing hydrocarbons, having a radiation burner and a reforming reactor, which contains, at least in part, metal honeycomb bodies having a catalyst coating, and which can in particular be used to produce hydrogen from fossil energy carriers. The invention should thereby be able to convert educts containing hydrocarbons into synthesis gases with high efficiency, in particular in a low-power range. For this purpose, a radiation burner is used that heats a two-part reforming reactor by radiation and convection. The radiation burner and the two parts of the reforming reactor are thereby arranged and constructed in such a way that the radiation burner surrounds the two parts of the reforming reactor, and the educt gas and smoke gas can be conducted in counter-current between the two parts of the reforming reactor.

Abstract: A steam reformer that produces hydrogen gas from water and a carbon-containing feedstock, such as an alcohol or a hydrocarbon. The steam reformer includes a hydrogen-producing region, in which a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and other gases is produced from water and a carbon-containing feedstock. The steam reformer includes a separation region, in which the mixed gas stream is separated into a hydrogen-rich stream containing at least substantially pure hydrogen gas, and a byproduct stream containing at least a substantial portion of the other gases. In some embodiments, the steam reformer is a vertically oriented fuel processor. In some embodiments, the separation region includes at least one hydrogen-selective membrane. In some embodiments, the steam reformer further includes a polishing region, in which the hydrogen-rich stream produced in the separation region is further purified. In some embodiments, the reformer includes an external metal or sealed ceramic shell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalytic pipe for an endothermic catalytic reaction of a process medium, with an outer cladding tube which is tightly closed at its end sides by a first base and a second base. A rising pipe arrangement is arranged in the interior of the cladding tube and is connected, in the vicinity of the first base, with an outlet which is guided outward for the product resulting from the catalysis of the process medium. According to the invention, the rising pipe arrangement is formed by a plurality of line strands which end in a collector which is connected to the outlet for the product.

Abstract: A process and method is provided for operating a small-scale high-throughput gasifier. As is known in the art, the exothermic combustion reactions can be separated from the endothermic gasification reactions. The exothermic combustion reactions can take place in or near the combustor while the endothermic gasification reactions take place in the gasifier. Heat from the exothermic zone is transferred to the endothermic reaction zone by circulation of an inert particulate solid such as sand. In order to increase efficiency by reducing heat loss from the gasifier, the gasifier is concentrically-disposed within the endothermic reaction zone of the combustor.

Abstract: A portable reactor container that contains a removable fire grate enclosure and an incline on its floor that slopes to a discharge port. Heating elements are arranged between the enclosure and the container. A heat recovery section, which may be a water reservoir, surrounds the outside of the container to convert water into steam by absorbing heat leaving the container. The enclosure may be inserted into or removed from the container with a forklift. Wood waste or other wood waste material may be filled into the fire crate enclosure to be transformed into wood charcoal by heating appropriately while the container is hermetically sealed.

Abstract: A polymerization reactor comprises a heat pipe jacket for the removal of large heat fluxes and capable of maintaining essentially isothermal conditions without the use of complicated and maintenance intensive circulation heat exchangers or internal coils. This isothermal reactor is useful particularly when polymerization is conducted in multiphase system and/or when the rate of reaction is high and when consistent polymer properties are desired.

Abstract: A reactor for autothermal reforming of hydrocarbons that allows a reduction of excess-air factor &phgr; during the reforming without resulting in a reduced conversion of the hydrocarbons in an end region of the reaction zone. The reactor includes at least one reaction zone in which is arranged at least one catalyst structure for the reformation so that the educts involved in the reformation are converted while flowing through the reaction zone. A heating device is included for heating the end region of the reaction zone to accelerate the conversion of the hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing carbon monoxide by reverse conversion, in gas phase, of carbonic acid gas and gaseous hydrogen while minimising the production of methane. The invention is characterised in that the reaction is carried out at a temperature between 300 and 520° C. and under pressure between 10 to 40 bars in the presence of an iron-free catalyst based on zinc oxide and chromium oxide. Said method is preferably carried out continuously and comprises preferably the following steps which consist in: a) preparing a gas mixture rich in carbon dioxide and in hydrogen having a temperature between 300 and 520° C.