Abstract: The present invention relates to the application of a three-dimensional (3D) bioreactor for T-cell expansion for immunotherapy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for treatment of material transported through the device having a specific design.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating exhaust gases comprising organosilicon components or accompanying substances. The invention more specifically relates to the use of bulk regenerator materials as storage materials allowing periodic removal, purification, and redelivery to the system. The invention solves the problem of clogged regenerator-storage materials during regenerative post-combustion of exhaust gases containing organosilicon components.

Abstract: A wire standoff suitable for use in a tubular reactor, such as a reformer, is described. The wire standoff includes a portion or segment positioned between an outer reactor tube and one or more reactor components located within the tube. The reactor components and the outer tube are prevented from coming into directed contact with one another by the positioning of the wire standoff. The wire standoff can be secured to a reactor component at one of its ends or to a washer located between stacked reactor components. Prevention of the reactor components from contact with the outer tube promotes fluid flow through the reactor and can enhance heat transfer and reactor efficiency for carrying out catalytic reactions.

Abstract: A process for the double-bond isomerization of olefins is disclosed. The process may include contacting a hydrocarbon stream including olefins with a ?-alumina-titania isomerization catalyst to convert at least a portion of the olefin to its positional isomer. The ?-alumina-titania isomerization catalysts disclosed herein may also have the activity to convert alcohol into additional olefins, while having increased resistance to oxygenate poisons.

Abstract: A hydrogen purification device including a container, a first opening structure and a second opening structure is provided. The container has at least a filter material inside. The first opening structure is disposed in the container, wherein hydrogen-rich gas mixture flows into the container via the first opening structure so that purified hydrogen gas is generated by conducting a reaction between the hydrogen-rich gas mixture and the filter material. Besides, a second opening structure is disposed in the container, wherein the purified hydrogen gas flows away from the container via the second opening structure. A fuel processor having the hydrogen purification device is also provided.

Abstract: A packing element (1) for use in mass and/or heat transfer processes through which at least one liquid may flow, wherein the packing element (1): has an outer surface (2) comprising three or more outer arched rib elements (21) and two outer connecting edge elements (22), optionally has an inner surface (3) comprising optional inner arched rib elements (31), wherein the element 1 is substantially spherical or substantially ellipsoidal, and wherein the outer connecting edge elements (22) and the outer arched rib elements (21) and optional inner arched rib elements (31) are embodied such that the total projected area (4) of the packing element (1) when viewed in any direction (7), preferably a radial direction (5) or optional axial direction (6), is partially open due to the presence of an open projected area (41), wherein it is open to an extent that ranges from about 15 to about 50, preferably about 17 to about 40, more preferably about 18 to about 35, most preferably about 20 to about 30% of the total project

Abstract: A non-adiabatic catalytic reactor for reacting a fluid includes a tube comprising an inlet, an outlet, a first wall, a diameter, a length, and a tube axis. The reactor also includes a plurality of structured packings disposed within the tube, and a plurality of mixing regions disposed within the tube. The structured packings and the mixed regions are arranged in an alternating pattern. Each structured packing includes one or more second walls defining channels for fluid flow through the structured packing, the channels being substantially parallel to the tube axis, the one or more second walls of the structured packing including a catalyst. At least one of the mixing regions permits mixing of first fluid proximate the first wall with second fluid farther from the first wall than the first fluid.

Abstract: A motor vehicle emission control system includes a three zone catalytic converter component having a honeycomb support body with catalytically active coating having a precious metal content applied on the channel walls. The first coating zone extends in the longitudinal direction from the inlet-side end to a first coating boundary and has a first precious metal content. The second coating zone extends in the longitudinal direction from the first coating boundary to a second coating boundary situated downstream from the first coating boundary and has a second precious metal content that is lower than the first precious metal content. The third coating zone extends from the second coating boundary to the outlet-side end and has a third precious metal content that is lower than the second precious metal content. The coating has oxidation catalyst activity and is free of rhodium.

Abstract: The inventing relates to hydrocarbon conversion, and more particularly to catalytically converting alkane in the presence of oxygen released from an oxygen storage material. Conversion products include C2 hydrocarbon, such as C2+ olefin. The hydrocarbon conversion process can be an oxidative coupling reaction, which refers to the catalytic conversion of methane in the presence of oxidant to produce the olefin product. Flow-through reactors can be used to carry out oxygen storage and the oxidative coupling reaction. Reverse-flow reactors are examples of flow-through reactors, which can be used to carry out oxygen storage and the oxidative coupling reaction.

Abstract: The disclosure provides conductive membranes for water splitting and solar fuel generation. The membranes comprise an embedded semiconductive/photoactive material and an oxygen or hydrogen evolution catalyst. Also provided are chassis and cassettes containing the membranes for use in fuel generation.

Abstract: Devices for selective hydrogenation of azide and peroxide compounds include at least one porous element, for example a solid metallic structure positioned within a reaction tube of a tubular housing. The porous element includes a framework of interconnected elements establishing a plurality of shells respectively defining a plurality of hollow spaces of predetermined geometrical configuration. Each of the shells includes holes that fluid-connect adjacent ones of the spaces to thereby allow a cross-flow of the azide or peroxide compounds through the porous element.

Abstract: A processing apparatus equipped with a catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure, which is characterized in that corrugated plate-like glass fiber papers having a functional catalyst supported thereon and flat plate-like glass fiber papers having the same functional catalyst supported thereon are alternately laminated without being bonded to each other, to form a catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure, and this catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure is packed in a casing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hierarchical structured nanotubes, to a method for preparing the same and to an application for the same, wherein the nanotubes include a plurality of connecting nanotubes for constituting a three-dimensional multi-dendrite morphology; and the method includes the following steps: (A) providing a polymer template including a plurality of organic nanowires; (B) forming an inorganic layer on the surface of the organic nanowires in the polymer template; and (C) performing a heat treatment on the polymer template having the inorganic layer on the surface so that partial atoms of the organic nanowires enter the inorganic layer.

Abstract: A structured packing for insertion in a reactor having an inlet, an outlet, a wall and an axis. The packing comprises a first part, i.e., a reactor core and a second part, i.e., a reactor casing. The second part is free to move relative to the first part. The first part and the second part are inserted in the reactor such that the first part is located proximate the axis and the second part is located between the first part and the reactor wall. In general, the second part will be in contact with the reactor wall.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, said apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of no less than 2060° C. and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having carbon partial pressure of 10?22 bar and oxygen partial pressure of 10?10 bar, at a temperature of 1200° C.; wherein said refractory material has no less than 4 vol % formed porosity, measured at 20° C., based upon the bulk volume of said refractory material. In another embodiment, the refractory material has total porosity in the range of from 4 to 60 vol %.

Abstract: A recirculation filter element for a disc drive enclosure. The filter element has a body having a surface area to volume ratio of at least 100/m and a self-assembled monolayer. The self-assembled monolayer may adsorb volatile contaminants from the enclosure or may have a chemical affinity to particulates, to accumulate and sequester particles on the body.

Abstract: Non-woven mat including magnesium aluminum silicate glass fibers and amorphous refractory ceramic fibers, bio-soluble ceramic fibers, and/or heat-treated silica fibers. Embodiments of the nonwoven mat surprisingly have a Resiliency Value after three thermal cycles from 25° C. to 700° C./400° C. of the Real Condition Fixture Test at least 1.1 times greater than the Resiliency Value of a comparable non-woven mat consisting of any individual type of fibers of the non-woven mat. The non-woven mats are useful, for example, in pollution control devices and other thermal insulation applications.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention relates to filter apparatuses useful as sampling media and stabilizing pharmaceutical compounds, methods of making same, compositions useful for stabilizing pharmaceutical compounds, and methods of isolating pharmaceutical compounds from an air stream using the apparatuses and compositions. This abstract is intended to be used as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a membrane, comprising in this order a first catalyst layer, an electronically and ionically conducting layer having a nanosized microstructure, and a second catalyst layer, characterized in that the electronically and ionically conducting layer is formed from an electrolyte material, a grain growth inhibitor and/or grain boundary modifier, and a method for producing same.

Abstract: A reactor cell for measuring gas and liquid permeation is disclosed. The reactor cell comprises a reactor module having a reactor chamber and a cover. A first hole extends into the reactor chamber from a first surface, a second hole opposing the first hole extends into the reactor chamber from a second surface, a third hole extends into the reactor chamber from a third surface and a fourth hole opposing the third hole extends into the reactor chamber from a fourth surface. A hollow fiber is supported by and sealed into the first and second holes of the reactor module. The first and second ends of the hollow fiber are sealed with a sealing solution. Methods for making and using the reactor cell are also disclosed. As made and used, the reactor cell further comprises a molecular sieving membrane grown on an inner bore surface of the hollow fiber.

Abstract: Apparatus and related methods for reacting a natural oil with a short chain alcohol in the presence of an alkaline catalyst and mesh to produce biodiesel, significantly decreasing the amount of time for the glycerol byproduct to settle out of the reaction mixture. The process for the production of biodiesel includes providing animal or vegetable oil to create a first component, combining a short chain alcohol with a strong base to create a second component, and combining the first and second components together in the presence of a mesh, such that the mesh is in contact with the combined components. The combined compositions represent a reaction mixture that undergo a transesterification reaction and produce fatty acid methyl ester biodiesel and also a glycerol byproduct. The mesh material that is present during the transesterification reaction decreases the amount of time required for the glycerol byproduct to settle out of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of performing a carbon dioxide absorption with reduced risk of aerosol formation from a carbon dioxide containing stream in an absorption apparatus having a specific sequence of sections and wherein the method comprises specific steps. Another aspect of the invention relates to a use of a structured packing as part of a carbon dioxide absorption section in an apparatus for the absorption of carbon dioxide, characterized in that the use is in reducing the risk of aerosol formation in a top region of the carbon dioxide-absorption section. Yet another aspect of the invention is a use of an absorption apparatus comprising a specific sequence of sections, wherein the use is for avoiding a super-saturation of a solvent and water and a risk of aerosol formation.

Abstract: PFRs for running multiphasic processes are disclosed. The PFRs are single or multi-chamber devices having at least three types of regions (a liquid-contacting region, a gas-contacting region and a liquid-collection region), and a porous substrate providing fluid communication at least between the liquid-contacting and gas-contacting regions. Removal of liquid from the porous substrate, such as by collecting the liquid as it flows off the bottom of the porous substrate in the liquid-collection region or such as by evaporation of the liquid from the porous substrate in the evaporation region supports a continuous flow process. Methods of using the PFRs are also disclosed, for example methods of using the PFRs as photobioreactors for cultivating photosynthetic microorganisms, for producing fermentable sugars, for producing ethanol, for fermenting synthesis gas and producing single cell protein from natural gas.

Abstract: A reactor including a monolith having a plurality of fins in an annular arrangement for receiving fluid flow through the reactor. The monolith is disposed within a generally cylindrical outer tube, and around a corrugated inner tube. The reactor includes a device for urging the monolith radially outward, so as to maintain contact between the monolith and the outer tube.

Abstract: A mass transfer system including a housing and a three-dimensional ordered open-cellular micro-truss material within the housing for a mass transfer application. Here, the three-dimensional ordered open-cellular micro-truss material includes a plurality of first truss elements defined by a plurality of first self-propagating polymer waveguides and extending along a first direction, a plurality of second truss elements defined by a plurality of second self-propagating polymer waveguides and extending along a second direction, and a plurality of third truss elements defined by a plurality of third self-propagating polymer waveguides and extending along a third direction. The first, second, and third ordered truss elements interpenetrate each other at a plurality of nodes to form a continuous material. In one embodiment, the continuous material is a metal material.

Abstract: Provided are a support for supporting a metal, a metal-supported catalyst, a methanation reaction apparatus, and a method relating thereto that realize effective methanation of carbon monoxide. The support for supporting a metal includes a carbonized material obtained by carbonizing raw materials containing an organic substance and a metal, in which the support is used for supporting a metal that exhibits a catalytic activity for a methanation reaction of carbon monoxide. The metal-supported catalyst includes: a support formed of a carbonized material obtained by carbonizing raw materials containing an organic substance and a metal; and a metal that exhibits a catalytic activity for a methanation reaction of carbon monoxide, the metal being supported on the support.

Abstract: A reactor and process capable of concurrently producing electric power and selectively oxidizing gaseous components in a feed stream, such as hydrocarbons to unsaturated products, which are useful intermediates in the production of liquid fuels. The reactor includes an oxidation membrane, a reduction membrane, an electron barrier, and a conductor. The oxidation membrane and reduction membrane include an MIEC oxide. The electron barrier, located between the oxidation membrane and the reduction membrane, is configured to allow transmission of oxygen anions from the reduction membrane to the oxidation membrane and resist transmission of electrons from the oxidation membrane to the reduction membrane. The conductor conducts electrons from the oxidation membrane to the reduction membrane.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods and systems for improving oil quality of a contaminated oil mixture by removing contaminants from a contaminated oil comprising the steps of: pretreating a membrane contactor system having a first and a second surface with an hydrophobic liquid, wherein the hydrophobic liquid is contacted to at least one of the first and second surfaces; obtaining a contaminated oil that comprises oil and lipophobic contaminants; contacting the contaminated oil onto a first surface of one or more membrane contactors to coalesce the oil on the first surface; and collecting the coalesced oil from the contaminated oil on the second surface of the membrane contactor.

Abstract: A method is proposed for installing monoliths (2) each formed of a ceramic block having a multiplicity of mutually parallel channels wherethrough the reaction gas mixture of a heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reaction can flow in a reactor (1) for conducting heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions, wherein said monoliths (2) are stacked side by side and on top of each other in the reactor interior, wherein the monoliths are sealed off from each other and from the inner wall of said reactor (1) by mats (3) each comprising an intumescent mat which before installation in said reactor (1) were completely enveloped in a polymeric film, wherein the interior enclosed by the polymeric film and containing said mat (3) is evacuated and wherein the interior enclosed by the polymeric film and containing said mat (3) is devacuated after installation in said reactor (1).

Abstract: A reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide by the Andrussow process is provided. The reactor comprises at least one gas inlet which opens into a gas inlet region, an outlet for the reaction products and a catalyst, wherein at least one mixing element and at least one gas-permeable intermediate layer are within the reactor between the gas inlet region and the catalyst. The mixing element is arranged between the gas inlet region and the gas-permeable intermediate layer. A process for preparing HCN, in the reactor is also provided.

Abstract: The assemblies of the invention can comprise a fine fiber layer having dispersed within the fine fiber layer an active particulate material. Fluid that flows through the assemblies of the invention can have any material dispersed or dissolved in the fluid react with, be absorbed by, or adsorbed onto, the active particulate within the nanofiber layer. The structures of the invention can act simply as reactive, absorptive, or adsorptive layers with no filtration properties, or the structures of the invention can be assembled into filters that can filter particulate from a mobile fluid while simultaneously reacting, absorbing, or adsorbing materials from the mobile fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus for collecting mineral particles in a slurry or the tailings is disclosed. The apparatus may take the form of a filter, a conveyor belt or an impeller to be used in a processor to collect mineral particles in the slurry, or in a tailings pond to collect mineral particles in the tailings. The filter, conveyor belt or impeller has a collection area made of or coated with a synthetic material having a functional group, either anionic or cationic to attach to the mineral particles. Alternatively, the synthetic material has hydrophobic molecules to render the collection area hydrophobic. When the mineral particles in the slurry or tailings are combined with collector molecules, the mineral particles also become hydrophobic. The hydrophobic mineral particles are attracted to the hydrophobic collection area. The filter, conveyor belt and impeller may have a plurality of passage ways in order to increase the contacting surfaces.

Abstract: A method of coating a honeycomb monolith substrate comprising a plurality of channels with a liquid comprising a catalyst component comprises the steps of: (i) holding a honeycomb monolith substrate substantially vertically; (ii) introducing a pre-determined volume of the liquid into the substrate via open ends of the channels at a lower end of the substrate; (iii) sealingly retaining the introduced liquid within the substrate; (iv) inverting the substrate containing the retained liquid; and (v) applying a vacuum to open ends of the channels of the substrate at the inverted, lower end of the substrate to draw the liquid along the channels of the substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for continuously producing a urethane (meth)acrylate, containing causing a mixed liquid of a compound (A) having a hydroxyl group and a (meth) acryloyl group and a compound (B) having an isocyanate group to pass continuously and densely through a tubular microchannel formed in a heat-conducting reaction device, and reacting the hydroxyl group of the compound (A) with the isocyanate group of the compound (B).

Abstract: A reactor for gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising stream with an oxygen-comprising stream over a monolithic heterogeneous catalyst. Catalytically active zone(s) comprising monoliths packed next to one another and/or above one another and a mixing zone having fixed internals upstream of each catalytically active zone. Feed line(s) for the hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream to be dehydrogenated at the lower end of the reactor. Independently regulable feed line(s), which supply distributor(s), for the oxygen-comprising gas stream into each of the mixing zones and discharge line(s) for the reaction gas mixture of the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation at the upper end of the reactor. The interior wall of the reactor is provided with insulation. The catalytically active zone(s) is accessible from the outside of the reactor via manhole(s).

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic reactor including: a reaction chamber; at least one catalytic structure made up of at least one catalytic cell-like architecture having outer dimensions at most 10% smaller than the inner dimensions of the reaction chamber; an annular space between the inner wall of the reaction chamber and the cell-like architectures; and at least one second structure positioned in the annular space, selected from among: a) a fibrous structure, or b) a structure including at least one metal collar clasping at least one portion of the cell-like architectures and supporting metal fins.

Abstract: A hydrogen separation membrane comprising a palladium alloy that includes at least palladium, an added metal A, and an added metal B, the added metal A and the added metal B being two different metals other than palladium, each of the added metal A and the added metal B forming a complete solid solution with palladium, and the added metal A and the added metal B having a triple point in an equilibrium diagram and not forming an intermetallic compound. The hydrogen separation membrane exhibits excellent hydrogen permeability and durability.

Abstract: There is herein described a Fischer-Tropsch reactor. More particularly, there is described a Fischer-Tropsch reactor that incorporates forced flow through a small pore, thick layer, monolith supported catalyst and high levels of heat transfer that is able to operate with high levels of catalyst effectiveness. The catalyst bed (103) is supported on a distinct porous structure (101) through which the syn-gas flow is forced and the catalyst layer has a thickness of more than 200 microns.

Abstract: The inventive stage system for producing hydrogen consists of at least two upstream/downstream stages, respectively, each of which comprises, optionally, a catalytic reactor (C1 to C5) followed by a separator comprising a space (E1 to E4) for circulation of a gaseous mixture contacting at least one oxygen extracting membrane and a hydrogen collecting space, wherein the reactor (C1) of the upstream stage is connected to a reaction gaseous mixture source, the circulation stage (E1) of the upstream stage separator is connected to the reactor (C2) of the downstream stage and the spaces for extracting/collecting oxygen from two separators are connected to a hydrogen collecting circuit (TC, 8) which is common for two stages.

Abstract: The present application relates to a hydrogen ion transport membrane, which is formed by using a porous thin film having a plurality of holes which are regularly aligned, a membrane for generating hydrogen, and a method for manufacturing the hydrogen ion transport membrane and the membrane for generating hydrogen.

Abstract: A separation membrane including: an alloy including a Group 5 element, Fe, and Al, wherein the alloy includes a body-centered cubic lattice structure.

Abstract: A catalyst unit suitable for loading into a tube in a reactor includes a plurality of catalyst particles incorporated within a removable solid matrix, said unit in the form of an elongate body in which the particles are packed together such that the volume shrinkage upon removal of the removable matrix is ?20%. The catalyst particles preferably comprise one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Fe and Co in oxidic or reduced form. The units are particularly suitable for loading catalyst into tubes in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, and methods for distributing a mixed phase fluid to a monolith catalyst bed within a reactor, wherein a mixed phase fluid may be generated by a nozzle tray comprising a plurality of nozzles, the mixed phase fluid may be distributed by the nozzles to a mixed phase distributor system, and the mixed phase fluid may be further distributed by the mixed phase distributor system to a plurality of monolith channels within the reactor.

Abstract: An inlet face for an aftertreatment device that prevents and/or eliminates face-plugging for a passageway where the inlet face is disposed. The inlet face includes a particular end surface disposed on an outer surface at the end of a substrate. The end surface includes at least one of a three-dimensional topographical configuration disposed at the end of the substrate, a chemical coating applied on the end of the substrate, or both a three-dimensional topographical configuration disposed on the end of the substrate and a chemical coating applied on the three-dimensional topographical configuration. As one example, the inlet face can be helpful in preventing carbonaceous fouling, which can result from engine exhaust material, such as carbon soot and other engine exhaust by-products.

Abstract: A catalytic static mixing reactor has a conduit casing defined about an axis of a fluid flow. A catalyst is deposited on a mixing element. The mixing element is adapted to be inserted in the conduit. The element provides an exceptionally high surface area and is formed to obstacle the primary flow inducing a first order mixing phenomenon. The element is formed with at least one irregular surface or edge capable of inducing a second order mixing phenomenon. The irregular surface is adapted as a catalytic supporting surface. The supporting surface supports the deposition of the catalyst thereon so that a third order chemical reaction phenomenon is coupled with that of said first and second order mixing phenomenon at the catalytic surface so that a reactant to be converted in the fluid flow is converted to at least one predetermined product during said first and second order mixing phenomenon.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for the in situ generation of polysulfide ions in a process stream including S2? and/or HS? ions. Methods and systems are also provided to ameliorate corrosion in a process stream containing an acid gas or a scrubbing agent solvent, and abate mercury and cyanide in process streams containing a scrubbing agent solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate material, which is highly porous and which is provided with a mechanically stable, component-penetrating framework structure made of alpha-Al2O3, to methods for producing the substrate material, and to the use of the substrate material.

Abstract: A monolith catalyst carrier for insertion in a tube of a tubular reactor has a container for holding a monolith catalyst in use. The container has a bottom surface closing the container and a skirt extending upwardly from the bottom surface of the container to a position below the location of a seal and spaced therefrom. The skirt is positioned such that there is a space between an outer surface of the monolith catalyst and the skirt. A seal is located at or near a top surface of the monolith catalyst and extends from the monolith catalyst by a distance which extends beyond an outer surface of the skirt.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for high density nanowire growth are presented. Methods of making a nanowire growth cartridge assembly are also provided, as are nanowire growth cartridge assemblies.