Abstract: A method for titration flow injection analysis by introducing a multicomponent sample into a carrier stream which flows into a mixing/sensing cell and titrating with a reactant more than one component of the sample by sensing a plurality of endpoints. The apparatus of the invention includes a stirring means within the mixing/sensing cell which generates helical flow within the cell so that bubbles are not retained in the cell.

Abstract: Automatic titration analysis apparatus includes a sampling mechanism, a titration mechanism, an analysis mechanism and a control mechanism. The sampling mechanism takes a prescribed quantity of a sample for analysis in accordance with a first signal. The titration mechanism titrates a prescribed quantity of a reagent for analysis of the sample and provides a titer at an end point of the titration according to second signals. The analysis mechanism receives the sample from the sampling mechanism, analyzes the sample and converts a change in the physical properties of the sample caused by the titration into an electrical quantity.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrochemical indication of the final stage of a titration analysis has a first indication electrode located in an electrochemical titration container connected by a switch to a sampling current amplifier feeding a recorder. Both the amplifier and the switch are controlled by a timing circuit which causes the switch to connect and disconnect the electrode to the amplifier. By only connecting the electrode to the amplifier for a brief time and activating the amplifier for a brief time thereafter, the instantaneous value of indication current is obtained. During the remaining time period, the indication electrode is galvanically disconnected from the amplifier and consequently, no reduction of concentration of electroactive substance in the proximity of the electrode occurs and an extremely high current response is attained.

Abstract: A composition and test kit for determining the amount of polar substances in fat are disclosd by employing a test solution which is immiscible with the fat in question, and which provides a polychromatic visible or fluorescent color change in the test solution in response to characteristic amounts of polar substances in the fat. The visible or fluorescent color change can be used to compare to a known standard to determine the amount of polar substances in the fat.

Abstract: Buret apparatus of the type including a buret conduit terminating at one end in a siphon, characterized in that the siphon includes a siphon passage formed on a stopper that is removably mounted in the buret conduit. The improved siphon structure is relatively inexpensive to manufacture, and is less susceptible to breakage than the conventional circular glass siphon devices. The improved apparatus is particularly suitable for use as a precision titrator or dosing device where measurements in the microliter range are required.

Abstract: A method of detecting an electrode potential in a Karl Fischer moisture meter comprises the step of subtracting an electrode potential which is caused by a liquid resistance of a liquid sample from an electrode potential which is generated in an end point detecting electrode in the Karl Fischer moisture meter, to thereby obtain a true polarization potential.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus providing a simple and speedy determination of a slight amount of sulfurous acid contained in liquids by means of pH meters, based on the Modified Rankine's method in principle, and wherein the pH of a first sample of liquid is determined before and after adding an amount of hydrogen peroxide thereto, the pH of a second sample of liquid is determined before and after adding an amount of an acid or lower pH buffer solution thereto, and the concentration of sulfurous acid in the liquid is calculated from the measured pH values and an equation derived from the functional relationship:c=f(.DELTA.pH.sub.A, .DELTA.pH.sub.B)wherein c is the concentration of sulfurous acid.

Abstract: An analytical method for determining by potentiometric titration formaldehyde in an electroless copper plating bath, which comprises using a hydroxylamine salt such as hydroxylamine hydrochloride as the titrant and using a silver electrode as the indicator electrode. This method can determine free formaldehyde in low concentration which takes part in the plating reaction.

Abstract: A fluorometric titrator has means to transfer a pipette between first and second positions and a buret for a chelating agent has a reversible drive powered either by a pulse generator or an oscillator. Valve controlled means are operable to place the buret in communication with the pipette or a reservoir. In the first position of the pipette, a precise sample volume is aspirated into it by the buret, then driven by the oscillator and in its second position and with the buret drive reversed but still powered by the oscillator, the sample volume is discharged from the pipette into a cuvette in the fluorometer. On the resulting fluorescence the fluorometer output drives the pulse generator to dispense chelating agent and to operate a counter until a selected end point is reached. The pipette is then returned to its second position with the buret drive again operated by the oscillator and during the return, the buret is refilled.

Abstract: A pipette calibration kit containing a plurality of solutions, each of a predetermined concentration, which are used for plotting a calibration curve, and at least one reagent of a predetermined concentration which is used to replace an identical quantity of diluent in a predetermined volume of the diluent. The concentration of the reagent-diluent mixture is measured and the quantity of the reagent substituted for diluent in the reagent-diluent mixture, i.e., the volume of the pipette used to add the reagent to the diluent, is determined from the calibration curve.

Abstract: A device for quantitative analysis of fluids which consists of a rigid, transparent tube containing a predetermined quantity of reagent and end-point indicator, evacuated and fitted with a valve which is suitable for sealing and for precisely controlling the entry of sample fluid so that upon immersion of the valve in the sample fluid and opening and closing it as desired, a quantity of sample fluid may be introduced to the tube and mixed with the reagent contained therein which is precisely the amount necessary to cause a visible change indicating complete neutralization of the reagent. The amount of material being analyzed for can then be ascertained by measuring the amount of sample fluid introduced and applying a simple mathematical formula.

Abstract: A flue gas analyzer including a probe module to condense water vapor, a sampling module, and a titration module including an SO.sub.2 scrubber, a thermal oxidation device and a coulometric titrator.

Abstract: An autotitration method for electrochemically determining the concentration of a substance (S) contained in a fluid, which is arranged to flow past a generator electrode (2) and downstream thereof a detector electrode (3), said substance being capable of reacting with a species which is generated electrochemically at the generator electrode, the non-reacted portion of said species being detected electrochemically at the detector electrode. According to the invention the generator electrode current (i.sub.gen.) is controlled in response to the ratio between the detector electrode current (i.sub.det.) and the generator electrode current so as to maintain said ratio (i.sub.det. /i.sub.gen. or i.sub.gen. /i.sub.det.) at a pre-determined value (N'). Either of said currents (i.sub.gen. or i.sub.det.), which is a function of the concentration of the substance to be determined, is then measured.The invention further discloses a device for carrying out this autotitration method.

Abstract: An alkaline-acid end point detector for titration reactions in which the phenomenon of chemiluminescence is used to detect the end point by monitoring, by means of an electronic light detector, the light output of the reaction materials in a light-tight vessel. The output from the detector is differentiated to detect the maximum output which corresponds to the reaction end point. The detector is useful in the determination of acid numbers in oils and greases.

Abstract: A continually repeated chemical analysis of a process stream sample is effected by interposing the sample in a flow of titrant, flow of which is interrupted only to permit the interposition of the sample in the line of flow. A holding zone or chamber, e.g. a chromatographic column receives and holds titrant until the interposed sample in the column is titrated. Reaction product eluted from the column is detected.

Abstract: In known apparatus with exchangeable burettes, a supply cylinder and its associated storage container were arranged on a palette. When the titrating medium was to be changed, the palette had to be removed from the operating unit and replaced by another palette carrying the storage container and associated cylinder with the changed medium. Handling is facilitated and changing of the titrating medium is accelerated with the arrangement of the invention wherein each cylinder has its associated storage container and the cylinder can be stored on the container. On use, a selected cylinder is directly mounted on the operating unit.

Abstract: A calibrated precision tube with an inlet and an outlet, and having a pressure transmitter at the bottom, is used for determining the mass of liquids.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described for automatically correcting drift in automatic titrations, such as coulometric titrations of water. An endpoint detector provides a signal indicative of the state of the titration mixture and the detector signal is monitored by two comparators, responsive to titration mixture states on opposite sides of the endpoint and connected to means for controlling forward and back titration. At the end of a titration, the titration time and amount of titrant are stored in memory elements, and circuitry including an array of gates monitors the comparator signals during two post titration time periods to determine both the direction and rate of drift, and to correct the titration results for the amount of drift detected.

Abstract: A flue gas analyzer including a probe module to condense water vapor, a sampling module, and a titration module including an SO.sub.2 scrubber, a thermal oxidation device and a coulometric titrator.

Abstract: An improved method of potentiometrically titrating a sample to an unknown endpoint or endpoints is disclosed. The method includes delivering a titrant to the sample until an endpoint or endpoints are reached, while continuously monitoring the volume of the titrant delivered to the sample and continuously monitoring the potential of the sample during titration. The improvement in the method is accurately determining the endpoint or endpoints by establishing a substantially constant rate of change in sample potential during titration proximate to the endpoint or endpoints and maintaining the established rate of change in sample potential by adjusting the rate of delivery of the titrant.

Abstract: A technique for the quantitative monitoring of a nonionic surfactant, such as nonylphenolpolyglycolether, in an acid tinning bath for the production of shiny, pore-free coatings on components. A measured amount of bath fluid (a bath specimen) is diluted with distilled water and mixed with sulfuric acid, and this mixture is then immediately titrated with a tannic acid solution until opalescence occurs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of and equipment for a selective, quick and accurate analysis of liquid samples. According to the process of the invention a liquid or a gas sample absorbed by a liquid is allowed to flow at a constant volume rate and overtitrated with an amount of a reagent adequate to the measurement in a definite time. Then the flow of the reagent is decreased to zero in a definite time, meanwhile continuously following, in a known way, the changes occurring in the reaction mixture. The determination of the concentration is carried out by comparing the time elapsed between the appearances of the two chemical equivalence points with calibration curves prepared with standard solutions, said time having a well defined functional relationship with the concentration of the sample.