Abstract: Provided is one of labels 101, 120, 130 and 140, top layer materials formed on a printing medium 201, 246 and 266, information-bearing media 301, 330, 350 and 360, a solid fuel 401, and a wristband clip 510, having the function of absorbing carbon dioxide to which a new carbon dioxide absorbent is added. Provided are also carbon dioxide reduction methods of absorbing carbon dioxide by burning the same.

Abstract: A process for reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in a gas including carbon dioxide and water vapour which process includes contacting the gas with a particulate solid, which solid is a waste material which includes an alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide or a mixture thereof and which particulate solid also includes an added alkali metal compound which is an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A system, sorbent formulations, methods of preparation, and methods are described that provide selective sorption and release of CO2 from CO2-containing gases such as syngas. The sorbent may include magnesium oxide (MgO) and a group-I alkali metal nitrate. The sorbent may also include a group-I alkali metal carbonate and/or a group-II alkaline-earth metal carbonate.

Abstract: A process for making molecular hydrogen, elemental sulfur and sulfur dioxide from hydrogen sulfide. The process involves contacting a gas stream of hydrogen sulfide within a contacting zone with a contacting composition comprising metal sulfide in a lower sulfided state and yielding from the contacting zone a product gas stream comprising hydrogen and a recovered contacting composition comprising metal sulfide in a higher sulfided state. The higher metal sulfide is regenerated with oxygen to yield elemental sulfur and sulfur dioxide.

Abstract: A solvent based flue gas processing system for removing CO2 from a flue gas stream is described. A catalyst is provided to increase the efficiency of the solvent in capturing CO2 from the flue gas stream or in regenerating the solvent.

Abstract: This disclosure involves an adsorption-desorption material, e.g., crosslinked epoxy-amine material having an Mw from about 500 to about 1×106, a total pore volume from about 0.2 cc/g to about 2.0 cc/g, and a CO2 adsorption capacity of at least about 0.2 millimoles CO2 per gram of crosslinked material, and/or linear epoxy-amine material having an Mw from about 160 to about 1×106, a total pore volume from about 0.2 cc/g to about 2.0 cc/g, and a CO2 adsorption capacity of at least about 0.2 millimoles CO2 per gram of linear material. This disclosure also involves processes for preparing the crosslinked epoxy-amine materials and linear epoxy-amine materials, as well as selective removal of CO2 and/or other acid gases from a gaseous stream using the epoxy-amine materials.

Abstract: The method of making an acid-absorbing biosolid composition provides a method for the use of recycled materials to produce an acid-absorbing composition that may then be recycled as a fertilizer after absorbing the acid. The method includes the steps of: collecting sewage sludge; drying the sewage sludge to remove water therefrom to form dried sludge; adding hydrochloric acid to the dried sludge to form a liquid intermediary product; heating the liquid intermediary product to produce a dried porous biomass; and mixing inorganic waste material with the dried porous biomass to produce the acid-absorbing biosolid composition. Thereafter, the acid-absorbing biosolid composition may be placed in a gas flow to absorb an acidic component therefrom; and then recycled for use as fertilizer following absorption of the acidic component from the gas flow.

Abstract: The carbon dioxide adsorbent composition relates to a material that will adsorb carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere and that is made by the treatment of oil fly ash with ammonium hydroxide. In order to make the carbon dioxide adsorbent, oil fly ash is first mixed with ammonium hydroxide. This mixture is then refluxed and cooled. Additional ammonium hydroxide is added to the cooled mixture of oil fly ash and ammonium hydroxide to form a secondary mixture. This forms an amine-functionalized fly ash composition, which is then filtered from the secondary mixture to be used as a carbon dioxide adsorbent composition. The carbon dioxide adsorbent composition is then dried and may be used as a carbon dioxide adsorbent for gas streams, such as flues and exhaust systems, containing carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention concerns carbon dioxide capture from waste gas, where metal oxides dissolved in salt melts are used as absorbents.

Abstract: Apparatus suited for removing carbon dioxide from gases are disclosed. The apparatus may employ bodies having a photocatalytic film. Associated methods and compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the catalytic removal of sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide from waste gases in a reactor charged with an activated carbon catalyst, includes saturating the activated carbon with SO2, saturating or partially saturating waste gases with water, introducing the waste gases with water, introducing the exhaust gases into the reactor catal ticall convertin the SO2 into H2SO4 and CO2 into C and O2 and into sulphur-carbon compounds on the same catalyst, washing out the catalyst and discharging the H2SO4 as a liquid and the C as a solid and/or bound to sulphur compounds.

Abstract: A process for the energy efficient, environmentally friendly recovery of liquid and gaseous products from solid or semi-solid hydrocarbon resources, in particular, oil shale or tar sands. The process involves non-oxidative pyrolysis to recover fluid energy values, oxidative combustion to recover energy values as recoverable heat, and environmental sequestration of gases produced.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods to sequester oxides of carbon to prevent them from entering the atmosphere as gases. More specifically, this invention is directed to methods of chemical reactions and process to decompose carbon oxides by combustion of a metal fuel with carbon oxides using a regeneration process to recover the metal fuel. The process can optionally and beneficially be coupled to other useful chemical processes for the industrial purpose of sequestering carbon oxides into useful commercial chemicals and elements like carbon, chlorine, and sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: A process for the efficient capture of CO2 and sulfur from combustion flue gas streams and gasification based fuel gas mixtures using regenerable and recyclable calcium based sorbents. The regeneration of the calcium sorbent is accomplished by hydrating the sorbent at high temperatures of about 600° C. and a pressure higher than 6 bars to lower the parasitic energy consumption.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and systems for sequestering and/or reducing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or carbon dioxide present in industrial effluent fluid streams. A solid particulate material comprising a slag component, a binder component (distinct from the slag component), and optionally water is formed and then contacted with the effluent fluid stream to reduce at least one of the sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and/or carbon dioxide. The contacting of the effluent stream may occur in a packed bed reactor with the solid dry particulate material. Methods of reducing pollutants from exhaust generated by combustion sources, lime and/or cement kilns, iron and/or steel furnaces, and the like are provided.

Abstract: This invention involves a cyclic method for capturing CO2 from gas streams arising from processes of reforming, gasification or combustion of carbonaceous fuels. The method is based on these gas streams reacting with solids that contain at least CaO and a metal or an oxidized form of the metal. The method is characterized by the oxidized form of the metal being able to undergo a sufficiently exothermic reduction reaction for the heat released during the reaction to cause the decomposition of CaCO3. The thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of the method of this invention make it ideal for the removal of the CO2 present in gas streams resulting from processes such as hydrocarbon reforming or the combustion of carbonaceous fuels.

Abstract: A method of removing mercaptans, heterocyclic sulfur compounds, and/or COS from a fluid stream comprising contacting the fluid stream with a sorbent comprising a mixture of Cu2O and metallic copper.

Abstract: A method of removing H2S, a mercaptan, and/or COS from a fluid stream is presented. The method comprises contacting the fluid stream with a sorbent comprising Cu2O.

Abstract: A process for the separation of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures is disclosed in which a metal oxide sorbent, which is used to capture and release carbon dioxide, is recycled. The process incorporates the regeneration of the carbon dioxide capture capacity of the metal oxide to maintain a high capture capacity over many cycles. The regeneration involves hydrating the metal oxide and then heating the resulting metal hydroxide under a gas atmosphere that is effective to suppress the dehydration of the hydroxide so that dehydration occurs at an elevated temperature. The regeneration may also be used independently from the carbon dioxide separation process to produce, from a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide having an enhanced resistance to attrition and fragmentation.

Abstract: Systems and methods of capturing and sequestering carbon dioxide, comprising mixing a substantially non-aqueous solvent and an alkali such that the solvent and alkali form a solvent suspension, mixing water and a flue gas containing carbon dioxide with the solvent suspension such that a reaction occurs, the reaction resulting in the formation of a carbonate, water and heat. Methods and processes of environmental remediation and recovering metals from waste streams are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixed salt composition which is useful as a CO2 sorbent. The mixed salt composition comprises a Mg salt, and at least one Group IA element salt, where the Mg and Group IA element are present at a molar ratio of from 3:1 to 8:1. The resulting composition can adsorb about 20% or more of CO2 in a gas. Via varying the molar ratios of the components, and the Group IA element, one can develop compositions which show optional functionality at different conditions. The composition is especially useful in the adsorptive capture of CO2 on mobile sources, such as transportation vehicles, where it can be recovered during regeneration of the adsorbent composition and the CO2 used as a coolant gas, as a reactant in manufacture of fuel, and so forth.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide sequestration process includes the following steps. In a first stage, a slurry of a metal silicate rock is mixed with ammonia so as to produce a ammonia/water/metal silicate slurry. In a second stage, the process includes scrubbing a gas stream containing carbon dioxide with the solution from the first stage to thereby absorb the carbon dioxide into a reactive slurry. In a third stage, the reactive slurry from the second stage is passed through a reactor that is controlled so as to promote the reaction between the carbon dioxide and the metal silicate to thereby produce a metal carbonate.

Abstract: A pneumatic conveying system for conveying hydrated lime is provided with ambient air for the pneumatic conveying system from a scrubber that removes carbon dioxide from the ambient air used in the conveying system. The scrubber includes a bed of hydrated lime through which ambient air is passed, to react carbon dioxide in the air with the hydrated lime in a reaction that forms limestone and water. The air that has passed through the fluidized bed, which is essentially carbon dioxide free, is also passed through a filter to remove particles suspended in the carbon dioxide free air. The carbon dioxide free air from the filter is provided to the pneumatic conveying system. The use of carbon dioxide free air ensures that the hydrated lime being transported in the conveying system will not react in the various conduits and ducts of the pneumatic conveying system to cause problems.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for removing contaminant in a fluid (e.g., chemical and petrochemical gas streams) using nanostructures of a sorbent material coated on plates such as a silicon wafer. A plurality of such coated plates can be assembled to form a sorption structure having channels between the plates. When a fluid containing the contaminant is directed through the channels, the contaminant is adsorbed by the nanostructures of the sorbent material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a component for producing vacuum insulation systems, comprising at least one insulation layer which is surrounded by a casing, wherein the gas pressure in the insulation layer can be reduced by means provided in the component, wherein the means for reducing the gas pressure is embodified as activatable. The present invention further describes a vacuum insulation system comprising a component according to the invention.

Abstract: Reduced-carbon footprint concrete compositions, and methods for making and using the same, are provided. Aspects of the reduced-carbon footprint concrete compositions include CO2-sequestering carbonate compounds, which may be present in the hydraulic cement and/or aggregate components of the concrete. The reduced-carbon footprint concrete compositions find use in a variety of applications, including use in a variety of building materials and building applications.

Abstract: Improved CO2 sorbents comprised of a mesoporous silica functionalized with a polyamine are obtained by the in-situ polymerization of azetidine. Also included herein are processes utilizing the improved CO2 sorbents wherein CO2 is chemisorbed onto the polyamine portion of the sorbent and the process is thermally reversible.

Abstract: A method of producing calcium carbonate from lime comprises the steps of: (i) providing an aqueous solution comprising 10% to 35% by weight of dissolved polyhydroxy compound and 1% to 5% by weight of dissolved calcium hydroxide (expressed as Ca(OH)2) and having a pH of at least 11.5; (ii) treating the solution prepared in step (i) to remove solids including suspended solids; (iii) dispersing carbon dioxide through the solution so as to form calcium carbonate with a consequential reduction in the pH of the reaction mixture, (iv) during a time period beginning at the start of a sudden, short rise in pH and ended during a subsequent fall in pH but before it reaches 9.5 terminating the dispersion of carbon dioxide and adding an alkaline reagent to maintain a pH for the product mixture of at least 9.5, and (v) recovering precipitated calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A process for CO2 separation using a regenerable Mg(OH)2 sorbent. The process absorbs CO2 through the formation of MgCO3 and releases water product H2O. The MgCO3 is partially regenerated through direct contact with steam, which acts to heat the magnesium carbonate to a higher temperature, provide heat duty required to decompose the magnesium carbonate to yield MgO and CO2, provide an H2O environment over the magnesium carbonate thereby shifting the equilibrium and increasing the potential for CO2 desorption, and supply H2O for rehydroxylation of a portion of the MgO. The mixture is polished in the absence of CO2 using water product H2O produced during the CO2 absorption to maintain sorbent capture capacity. The sorbent now comprised substantially of Mg(OH)2 is then available for further CO2 absorption duty in a cyclic process.

Abstract: A method and system for desulfurization comprising first and second metal oxides; a walled enclosure having an inlet and an exhaust for the passage of gas to be treated; the first and second metal oxide being combinable with hydrogen sulfide to produce a reaction comprising a sulfide and water; the first metal oxide forming a first layer and the second metal oxide forming a second layer within the walled surroundings; the first and second layers being positioned so the first layer removes the bulk amount of the hydrogen sulfide from the treated gas prior to passage through the second layer, and the second layer removes substantially all of the remaining hydrogen sulfide from the treated gas; the first metal oxide producing a stoichiometrical capacity in excess of 500 mg sulfur/gram; the second metal oxide reacts with the hydrogen sulfide more favorably but has a stoichometrical capacity which is less than the first reactant; whereby the optimal amount by weight of the first and second metal oxides is achieved

Abstract: A process for capturing sulphur impurities present in gas feeds containing H2 and/or CO: a. desulphurisation with a retaining material containing an active phase, b. optionally, rendering the sulphurised retaining material inert, c. oxidative regeneration of the retaining material, d. optionally, rendering the regenerated retaining material inert, and e. desulphurisation with the retaining material that has been regenerated and rendered inert, and regenerating the retaining material.

Abstract: A method for separating CO2 from combustion exhaust gas includes discharging the CO2-containing combustion exhaust gas mass flow into the carbonator of a carbonate looping system having at least one carbonator and one calciner. Combining the CO2 of the combustion exhaust gas mass flow with a carbonate-forming sorbent inside the carbonator to form a carbonate. Sending the carbonate as a carbonate-solids mass flow is sent to the calciner. Burning the carbonate at the carbonate-specific calcination temperature by the addition of heat provided by an additional firing that uses oxygen as the oxidant, whereby regenerated sorbent and a gas essentially containing CO2 is formed. Sending the hot regenerated sorbent to the carbonator as a sorbent-solids mass flow for carbonization of CO2, and discharging the hot gas as gas mass flow.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the catalytic removal of sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide from waste gases in a reactor charged with an activated carbon catalyst, characterised by the following steps: saturating the activated carbon with SO2, saturating or partially saturating the waste gases with water, introducing the exhaust gases into the reactor, catalytically converting the SO2 into H2SO4 and, in parallel with this, catalytically converting CO2 into C and O2 and into sulphur-carbon compounds on the same catalyst, washing out the catalyst and discharging the H2SO4 as a liquid and the C as a solid and/or bound to sulphur compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and plant for removing acid gases such as carbon dioxide, sulphur containing compounds and nitrogen containing compounds from gas streams including high and low pressure gas streams. A solvent solution containing alkali carbonates absorbs the acid gases including carbon dioxide and either one or both of sulphur and/or nitrogen containing compounds. The bicarbonate is regenerated into a carbonate form to provide a gas stream rich in carbon dioxide, and sulphur and/or nitrogen containing compounds are recovered.

Abstract: A method for removing at least one contaminant from a fluid stream includes filtering the fluid stream with a filtration medium. The filtration medium includes an impregnate. The impregnate includes an organic amine and an inorganic metal salt. The inorganic metal salt includes magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or combinations thereof. The medium has from about 0.1 to about 25% by weight of impregnate. The impregnate contains from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight organic amine, and the organic amine includes aqueous urea, solid urea, melamine or mixtures thereof. The impregnate contains from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight metal salt. The impregnate optionally further includes a surfactant such as polyacrylic acid. In some embodiments, the method includes removing at least two contaminants from the fluid stream.

Abstract: To alleviate and possibly even reverse global warming while providing a liquid fuel to replace petroleum, apparatus and methods are disclosed for capturing CO2 from an air mixture and converting it to a useful substance, especially a methanol-containing fuel, utilizing preferably an MgO-loaded cartridge, which is converted partly into MgCO3 as it captures CO2 by a carbonation reaction and is reconverted into MgO by a calcination reaction while emitting a stream of substantially pure CO2. The emitted CO2 stream is reacted with hydrogen or water to yield a methanol-containing fuel or other useful chemical agent. The hydrogen is preferably derived from water electrolysis using inexpensive solar or wind driven electricity thereby also reducing the cost of such electricity by providing an economical energy storage means. Said air mixture may be the effluent from an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle or from other fossil fuel burning sources or from the ambient atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of carbon dioxide (or CO2) from various types of gas emitting sources containing carbon dioxide, including the reduction of carbon dioxide from industrial gas emitting sources via the use of an ion exchange material.

Abstract: The invention relates to auxiliary systems ensuring functioning of alkaline fuel cell (AFC), in particular to a method and device for sorptive purification of air used in an AFC of carbon dioxide. In accordance with the invention, in the method for purifying air for a fuel cell, the starting air is passed through an adsorber with an adsorbent of carbon dioxide, then the adsorbent is regenerated. After utilization the adsorbent comprising hydrated oxides of transition metals is regenerated at a temperature of 60-120° C. by the air spent in the fuel cell.

Abstract: A solid sorbent for the capture and the transport of carbon dioxide gas is provided having at least one first layer of a positively charged material that is polyethylenimine or poly(allylamine hydrochloride), that captures at least a portion of the gas, and at least one second layer of a negatively charged material that is polystyrenesulfonate or poly(acryclic acid), that transports the gas, wherein the second layer of material is in juxtaposition to, attached to, or crosslinked with the first layer for forming at least one bilayer, and a solid substrate support having a porous surface, wherein one or more of the bilayers is/are deposited on the surface of and/or within the solid substrate. A method of preparing and using the solid sorbent is provided.

Abstract: A method of biomass pyrolysis is described which includes chemical looping of combustion char so that carbon dioxide can be captured from the combustion of the char as well as producing useable compounds from pyrolyzing biomass in a pyrolysis reactor including a metal oxide carrier particles which is in operative cooperation with a char combustor and oxidation reactor and separator for separating carbon dioxide from the flue gas produced by the char combustor.

Abstract: A process for sweetening a gas stream containing hydrogen sulfide wherein said process comprises contacting said gas stream within a contacting zone a contacting composition comprising metal sulfide in a lower sulfided state and yielding from said contacting zone a product gas stream having a reduced hydrogen sulfide concentration and a recovered contacting composition comprising metal sulfide in a higher sulfided state.

Abstract: DDR nanocrystals of uniform size and structure were synthesized using hydrothermal secondary growth and then used to make DDR zeolite membranes and for any other use where uniform, small DDR zeolite crystals are beneficial.

Abstract: A CO2 sorbent capable of efficiently sorbing carbon dioxide is provided. A CO2 sorbent for sorbing and separating carbon dioxide from a gas containing carbon dioxide contains a Ce oxide and having an average pore size of 60 ? or less.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling emissions of acid forming gases such as sulfur dioxide from cement plants is disclosed. Gaseous effluent from the cement plant pyroprocessing chamber is routed to the plant's raw mill to heat and dry the feed meal used in cement production. When the raw mill is in operation microfine lime particles are sprayed into the raw mill using a nozzle system. The spraying of hydrated lime into the raw mill scrubs acid forming gases in the process gaseous effluent. When the raw mill is not operational, microfine lime is sprayed into a gas conditioning tower that is also used to reduce the temperature of the effluent gases to facilitate efficient collection of dust particles prior to emission of the cleansed effluent flow into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for the separation of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures is disclosed in which a metal oxide sorbent, which is used to capture and release carbon dioxide, is recycled. The process incorporates the regeneration of the carbon dioxide capture capacity of the metal oxide to maintain a high capture capacity over many cycles. The regeneration involves hydrating the metal oxide and then heating the resulting metal hydroxide under a gas atmosphere that is effective to suppress the dehydration of the hydroxide so that dehydration occurs at an elevated temperature. The regeneration may also be used independently from the carbon dioxide separation process to produce, from a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide having an enhanced resistance to attrition and fragmentation.

Abstract: The present invention deals with the serious pollution problems from electric power plants that burn coal which may be forced to shut down by virtue of their being uneconomical to be retrofitted with expensive pollution controls. The pollutants from coal-burning power stations comprise SO2, NOx, Hg, Particulate Matter, Ash, and CO2. This invention offers a unique and comprehensive solution that makes possible the prevention of the ill-effects currently caused to health and environment while at the same time would also prevent the closure of these badly needed power generation facilities that provide some 50% of the electricity generated in this country. The herein comprehensive solution converts the six mentioned pollutants into valuable products and thus avoids the discharge of such pollutants into the atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a process for the formation of a CO2-selective absorption material and/or sulfur-selective absorption material. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for the formation of a CO2-selective absorption material that comprises providing a solid material, providing an amine source, contacting the solid material with the amine source to absorb amine molecules on the surface of the solid material, and contacting the absorbing amine molecules on the solid material surface with a CO2 stream such that upon contact with the amine and the solid material, CO2 binds with the amine functional group of the amine molecule, reducing the potential for the interaction of the amine functional group with the solid surface and increasing amine sites available for CO2 capture.

Abstract: An improved process for reduction-oxidation desulphurization uses an oxidizer operating at a pressure greater than the absorber where a liquid reduction-oxidation catalyst solution contacts a sulfur-containing gas feed stream.

Abstract: An environmentally responsive building includes an array of window and/or building panels that are configured to generate an output product from environmental inputs. The panels may include photocatalytic elements capable of generating output product(s) from solar energy and atmospheric gas(es), and photovoltaic elements capable of generating electricity from solar energy. The building includes a transport network that provides inputs to the window/building panels and transports output product(s) to a storage system. A conversion system may be provided to convert the output product(s) to an input usable by the building. A supervisory controller monitors and controls the operation of the window/building panels as a function of the environment, and of the operation and capacity of the environmentally responsive components, including the panels, transport network, storage system and conversion system.

Abstract: A regeneration reactor of a CO2 capture system is disclosed. According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the CO2 capture system comprising a capture reactor selectively adsorbing CO2 by bringing a CO2-containing gas supplied from the outside into contact with a solid adsorbent, and a regeneration reactor separating the adsorbed CO2 from the solid adsorbent adsorbed with the CO2, the regeneration reactor includes a chamber having an inverted truncated cone shape being widened toward an upper part and narrowed toward a lower part, such that a pressure in the regeneration reactor is constantly maintained through the whole part and accordingly, a flow velocity in the chamber can be constantly maintained.