Abstract: Submicron powders of metal silicon nitrides and metal silicon oxynitrides are synthesized using nanoscale particles of one or more precursor materials using a solid state reaction. For example, nanoscale powders of silicon nitride are useful precursor powders for the synthesis of metal silicon nitride and metal silicon oxynitride submicron powders. Due to the use of the nanoscale precursor materials for the synthesis of the submicron phosphor powders, the product phosphors can have very high internal quantum efficiencies. The phosphor powders can comprise a suitable dopant activator, such as a rare earth metal element dopant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a silicate comprising at least silicon and oxygen, comprising (1) mixing of silicon dioxide and/or of a silicon dioxide precursor with an aqueous solution comprising at least one tetraalkylammonium compound comprising R1R2R3R4N+ and at least one base, wherein R1 and R2 are methyl and both R3 and R4 are n-propyl; (2) heating of the colloidal solution obtained according to (1) to a temperature in the range of from greater than the boiling point of the colloidal solution under the chosen pressure to 180° C. at atmospheric pressure to give a suspension comprising at least one silicate, wherein the silicate comprising at least silicon and oxygen is added as a crystallization auxiliary in (1).

Abstract: A method for producing an oil-binding agent of granular open-porous structure with a silicate ceramic matrix by using recovered paper material and clay. The method is characterized in that, in each case based on the entire raw material, 35 to 60 wt.-% sewage sludge with a water content of between 70 and 85 wt.-%, 25 to 55 wt.-% recovered paper material with a water content of between 35 and 55 wt.-%, 10 to 25 wt.-% clay and optionally 1 to 3 wt.-% zeolite, 1 to 2 wt.-% quicklime and/or up to 3 wt. % fly ash are mixed to a homogeneous mixture. The raw material thus obtained is subsequently processed in order to form particles having an average diameter of 4 to 6 mm. The particles are then dried and subsequently burnt at 950 to 1050° C. The oil-binding agents produced according to said method have a bulk density of between 0.4 and 0.75 kg/1 and a oil-binding capability of 0.7 to 1.0 1 oil per oil-binder.

Abstract: A compound oxide manufacturing method includes: dispersing micelles, in each of which an aqueous phase is formed, in an oil phase; producing primary particles of a precursor of compound oxide in the aqueous phases in the micelles; synthesizing secondary particles by causing the primary particles to aggregate; and causing the secondary particles to aggregate by breaking the dispersion state of the micelles, or by causing the micelles to coalesce. In particular, polarization is produced in each of the micelles with the use of a cation having an ionic radius larger than that of a metal ion at least when the secondary particles are synthesized in the micelles.

Abstract: Drilling fluids comprising graphenes and nanoplatelet additives and methods for production thereof are disclosed. Graphene includes graphite oxide, graphene oxide, chemically-converted graphene, and functionalized chemically-converted graphene. Derivatized graphenes and methods for production thereof are disclosed. The derivatized graphenes are prepared from a chemically-converted graphene through derivatization with a plurality of functional groups. Derivatization can be accomplished, for example, by reaction of a chemically-converted graphene with a diazonium species. Methods for preparation of graphite oxide are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for treating tailings from a bitumen froth treatment process such as TSRU tailings. The tailings are dewatered and then combusted to convert kaolin in the tailings into metakaolin. Calcined fines and heavy minerals may be recovered from the combustion products, namely from the flue gas and bottom ash.

Abstract: Described is a method for the production of metal salts, wherein the cationic metal is preferably selected from Group I to IV metals and mixtures thereof and the anionic group is selected from phosphates, silicates, sulfates, carbonates, hydroxides, fluorides and mixtures thereof, and wherein said method comprises forming a mixture of at least one metal source that is a metal carboxylate with a mean carbon value per carboxylate group of at least 3 and at least one anion source into droplets and oxiding said droplets in a high temperature environment, preferably a flame. This method is especially suited for the production of calcium phosphate biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite (HAp,Cal0(P04)6(OH)2) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP,Ca3(P04)2) that exhibit excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity and therefore are widely used for reparation of bony or periodontal defects, coating of metallic implants and bone space fillers.

Abstract: A process of producing a ceramic powder including providing a plurality of precursor materials in solution, wherein each of the plurality of precursor materials in solution further comprises at least one constituent ionic species of a ceramic powder, combining the plurality of precursor materials in solution with an onium dicarboxylate precipitant solution to cause co-precipitation of the ceramic powder precursor in a combined solution; and separating the ceramic powder precursor from the combined solution. The process may further include calcining the ceramic powder precursor.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a continuous calcination vessel which can be used to prepare calcined chemically-treated solid oxides from solid oxides and chemically-treated solid oxides. A process for the continuous preparation of calcined chemically-treated solid oxides is also provided. Calcined chemically-treated solid oxides disclosed herein can be used in catalyst compositions for the polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: A process for producing aqueous silica-based sols, having an S value from 15 to 25%, mole ratio Si:Al from 20:1 to 50:1, mole ratio Si:X, where X=alkali metal, from 5:1 to 17:1, SiO2 content of at least 5% by weight and containing silica-based particles having a specific surface area of at least 300 m2/g, are disclosed wherein a cationic ion exchange resin having part of its ion exchange capacity in hydrogen form is contacted with an aqueous alkali metal silicate to form a slurry having a pH from 5.0 to 11.5 and/or having particle aggregation or microgel formation corresponding to a S value up to 45%; adjusting the pH using a material comprising an aluminium compound; and separating the resin from the slurry. Further, the use of such silica-based sols in producing paper is disclosed.

Abstract: A nanoporous metal oxide material comprising two or more metal oxides, wherein the nanoporous metal oxide material has ceria content of 10 to 60 weight %, zirconia content of 20 to 90 weight %, and alumina content of 70 weight % or less, and has nanopores whose diameters are 10 nm or less, and the metal oxides are homogeneously dispersed in a wall constituting the nanopores.

Abstract: The invention concerns a crystalline solid designated IZM-2, which has the X ray diffraction diagram given below. Said solid has a chemical composition expressed as the anhydrous base in terms of moles of oxides by the formula XO2:aY2O3:bM2/nO, in which X represents at least one tetravalent element, Y represents at least one trivalent element and M is at least one alkali metal and/or an alkaline-earth metal with valency n, a and b respectively representing the number of moles of Y2O3 and M2/nO; a is in the range 0 to 0.5 and b is in the range 0 to 1.

Abstract: A material comprising a plurality of nanoparticles. Each of the plurality of nanoparticles includes at least one of a metal phosphate, a metal silicate, a metal oxide, a metal borate, a metal aluminate, and combinations thereof. The plurality of nanoparticles is substantially monodisperse. Also disclosed is a method of making a plurality of substantially monodisperse nanoparticles. The method includes providing a slurry of at least one metal precursor, maintaining the pH of the slurry at a predetermined value, mechanically milling the slurry, drying the slurry to form a powder; and calcining the powder at a predetermined temperature to form the plurality of nanoparticles.

Abstract: Provided is an oxide film including an Si component, in which a relative intensity ratio B/A of an absorption peak intensity B at a wavenumber of 1,000 to 850 cm?1 assigned to an Si—O-M bond where M represents H or a metal element to an absorption peak intensity A at a wavenumber of 1,200 to 1,000 cm?1 assigned to an Si—O bond in infrared absorption spectrum measurement of the film is 0.86 or more to 1.02 or less and an optical member using the oxide film are provided. The oxide film shows suppressed fluctuations in its characteristics even when left to stand under a high-temperature, high-humidity environment for a long time period; has significantly improved durability; and is stable over a long time period and an optical member using the oxide film.

Abstract: A method of making hydrogenated Group IVA compounds having reduced metal-based impurities, compositions and inks including such Group IVA compounds, and methods for forming a semiconductor thin film. Thin semiconducting films prepared according to the present invention generally exhibit improved conductivity, film morphology and/or carrier mobility relative to an otherwise identical structure made by an identical process, but without the washing step. In addition, the properties of the present thin film are generally more predictable than those of films produced from similarly prepared (cyclo)silanes that have not been washed according to the present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for exfoliating a layered material to produce nano-scaled platelets having a thickness smaller than 100 nm, typically smaller than 10 nm, and often between 0.34 nm and 1.02 nm. The process comprises: (a) charging a layered material to an intercalation chamber comprising a gaseous environment at a first temperature and a first pressure sufficient to cause gas species to penetrate into the interstitial space between layers of the layered material, forming a gas-intercalated layered material; and (b) operating a discharge valve to rapidly eject the gas-intercalated layered material through a nozzle into an exfoliation zone at a second pressure and a second temperature, allowing gas species residing in the interstitial space to exfoliate the layered material to produce the platelets. The gaseous environment preferably contains only environmentally benign gases that are reactive (e.g., oxygen) or non-reactive (e.g., noble gases) with the layered material.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve comprising at least one intergrown phase of AEI and CHA framework types, the process comprising the steps of (a) combining at least one silicon source, at least one phosphorus source, at least one aluminum source, and at least one structure-directing-agent (R) to form a mixture; and (b) treating the mixture at crystallization conditions sufficient to form the silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve, wherein the mixture prepared in step (a) has a molar composition of: (n)SiO2/Al2O3/(m)P2O5/(x)R/(y)H2O wherein n ranges from about 0.005 to about 0.6, m ranges from about 0.6 to about 1.2, x ranges from about 0.5 to about 0.99, and y ranges from about 10 to about 40.

Abstract: An inorganic polymer which comprises one or more organic functional groups and which has the following empirical formula: Rm[M2O]x[Al2O3]y[SiO2]zXqPH2O, in which: R represents an organic functional group; M is an alkali metal; X is selected from chlorine and fluorine; m is >0; q is ?0; x is from 1 to 1.6; y is from 1.0; x/y is from 1.0 to 1.6; z is from 3 to 65; z/y is ?1.0; and P is from 3 to 5.

Abstract: A porous material comprises oxides of silicon and aluminum and is substantially free of X-ray diffraction peaks in its calcined form. The material is characterized by the following properties: (a) a Bronsted acid site density as measured by temperature programmed ammonia adsorption of at least 0.005 mmol/g; (b) an alpha value of at least 0.5; (c) a specific surface area of about 50 to about 160 m2 g?1; (d) a total pore volume of about 0.14 to about 1.0 cm3 g?1; and (d) a micropore volume of about 0.001 to about 0.015 cm3 g?1.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing an electroconductive mayenite type compound with good properties readily and stably at low cost. A production method of an electroconductive mayenite type compound comprising a step of subjecting a precursor to heat treatment, is a method for preparing an electroconductive mayenite type compound, comprising a step of subjecting a precursor to heat treatment; wherein the precursor is a vitreous or crystalline material, which contains Ca and Al, in which a molar ratio of (CaO:Al2O3) is from (12.6:6.4) to (11.7:7.3) as calculated as oxides, and in which a total amount of CaO and Al2O3 is at least 50 mol %, and wherein the heat treatment is heat treatment comprising holding the precursor at a heat treatment temperature T of from 600 to 1415° C. and in an inert gas or vacuum atmosphere with an oxygen partial pressure PO2 in a range of PO2?105×exp [{?7.9×l04/(T+273)}+14.4] in the unit of Pa.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally dental ceramics. In particular, invention relates to a high strength, high reliability, dental glass-ceramic that contains uniform, ellipsoidal reinforcing leucite crystals.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a flaky particulate material giving skin an excellent smoothness, which is free from whitening problem upon use thereof owing to its high transparency. The present invention also has another object to provide a cosmetic composition containing the flaky particulate material. The present invention relates to flaky particulate material, which has an average coefficient of friction is not more than 0.50, and a total light transmittance is not less than 85%. A particle in the flaky particulate material comprises a substrate particle made of one material selected from the group consisting of mica, a synthetic mica, sericite, talc, barium sulfate and aluminum oxide. The present invention provides a flaky particulate material that gives skin excellent smoothness, a natural tone, and a matt appearance. The flaky particulate material of the present invention gives a cosmetic composition which provides great comfort of use, and an excellent appearance.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing clay particles comprising the step of heating a reactant solution mixture of metal salt and a metal silicate using a radiation source under conditions to form said synthetic clay particles.

Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of a crystallised lamellar solid formed by magadiite consisting of implementing in a step (i) mixing of at least one silica source, at least one salt of N,N,N?,N?-tetramethyl-N,N?-dibenzyloctanediammonium, at least one alkali and/or alkaline earth metal M and water and then implementing in a step (ii) hydrothermal treatment of said mixture until said crystallised lamellar solid constituted by magadiite is formed.

Abstract: Nitrogen and aluminum and fluxing agents (Al2O3, SiO2, CaO and MgO) are added to molten silicon to create an oxy-nitride slag that acts as a sink for dissolved boron and phosphorus. The nitrogen can be added by bubbling nitrogen gas through the molten silicon; the aluminum can be added as aluminum metal or as Al2O3. Normally, the silicon must initially be deoxidized to allow the boron and phosphorus refining reactions to occur. The process may be followed by oxidative refining, SiC settling, the Silgrain process and directional solidification to remove other impurities and produce silicon suitable for use in solar cells. In an alternative version of the process, the molten silicon is passed through a particulate bed formed of a nitrogen-containing compound and an aluminum-containing compound.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing an electroconductive mayenite type compound with good properties readily and stably at low cost without need for expensive facilities, a reaction at high temperature and for a long period of time, or complicated control of reaction. A method for preparing an electroconductive mayenite type compound comprises a step of subjecting a precursor to heat treatment, wherein the precursor contains Ca and/or Sr, and Al, a molar ratio of (a total of CaO and SrO:Al2O3) is from (12.6:6.4) to (11.7:7.3) as calculated as oxides, a total content of CaO, SrO and Al2O3 in the precursor is at least 50 mol %, and the precursor is a vitreous or crystalline material; and the method comprises a step of mixing the precursor with a reducing agent and performing the heat treatment of holding the mixture at 600-1,415° C. in an inert gas or vacuum atmosphere with an oxygen partial pressure of at most 10 Pa.

Abstract: Novel superhard dielectric compounds useful as gate dielectrics in microelectronic devices have been discovered. Low temperature methods for making thin films of the compounds on substrate silicon are provided. The methods comprise the step of contacting a precursor having the formula H3X—O—XH3, wherein X is silicon or carbon with a compound comprising boron or nitrogen In a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber or with one or more atomic elements in a molecular beam epitaxial deposition (MBE) chamber. These thin film constructs are useful as components of microelectronic devices, and specifically as gate dielectrics in CMOS devices.

Abstract: A method of treating a kaolin particulate material to improve one or more of its properties by removal of impurity particles therein which includes: producing a dispersed aqueous suspension of a kaolin particulate material containing at least 0.1% by weight, based on the dry weight of the kaolin particulate material of separable particulate impurity; diluting said dispersed aqueous suspension by adding a diluent thereto; adding a selective flocculation polymer to the diluted suspension; allowing the suspension containing the polymer to separate in a selective flocculation separator into layers comprising a flocculated product layer and a deflocculated impurity layer containing the separable impurity; and extracting the separated layers from the separator, wherein at least a portion of said deflocculated impurity layer is recirculated for use as at least a portion of the aforementioned diluent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing zirconium oxide, in its various forms, including zirconium-based mixed oxides. There is described a process for preparing a zirconium oxide in the absence of a cerium salt which comprises precipitating a zirconium hydroxide from an aqueous solution of a zirconium salt by reaction with an alkali in the presence of a controlled amount of sulphate anions at a temperature not greater than 50° C. and then calcining the hydroxide to form an oxide, wherein the oxide thus formed is essentially sulphate free. Catalysts and ceramics can be produced from the product oxides having improved thermal stability and improved sinterability, respectively. A particular use of the product oxide is as a promoter or catalyst support in automobile exhaust systems.

Abstract: Pyrogenically produced silicon dioxide doped with aluminum oxide by means of an aerosol is produced by introducing an aqueous aerosol of an aluminum salt into the flame of a pyrogenic silica producing flame hydrolysis method or a flame oxidation method. The silicon dioxide doped with Al2O3 by means of an aerosol may inter alia be used in the production of inkjet paper or inkjet films.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of synthesizing an aluminophosphate or metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve comprising an AEI structure type material, in which the rate of heating to the crystallization temperature is controlled, either alone or in combination with the H2O:Al2O3 molar ratio of the synthesis mixture, so as to enhance the yield of the desired molecular sieve product.

Abstract: Structures and methods for the fabrication of ceramic nanostructures. Structures include metal particles, preferably comprising copper, disposed on a ceramic substrate. The structures are heated, preferably in the presence of microwaves, to a temperature that softens the metal particles and preferably forms a pool of molten ceramic under the softened metal particle. A nano-generator is created wherein ceramic material diffuses through the molten particle and forms ceramic nanostructures on a polar site of the metal particle. The nanostructures may comprise silica, alumina, titania, or compounds or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: By using a halogen-free siloxane and an organometallic compound containing at least one metal other than silicon as feed stocks, and simultaneously atomizing and burning them in a flame, spherical particles of silica-containing compound oxide are prepared which are substantially halogen-free, consist of 0.5-99% by weight of metal oxides and the balance of silica, and have a particle size of 10 nm to 3 ?m. The particles are useful as a filler in epoxy resin base semiconductor sealants, a refractive index modifier or the like.

Abstract: An external additive for a toner for electrophotography which contains oxide fine particles which contain silicon, in which the oxide fine particles have a primary particle diameter of 30 nm to 300 nm in number average, a standard deviation ? of a particle size distribution of the primary particle diameter satisfies a relation of: R/4???R, in which the R expresses the primary particle diameter, the oxide fine particles are substantially spherical having a circularity SF1 defined as equation (1) of 100 to 130 and a circularity SF2 defined as equation (2) of 100 to 125; SF1=(L2/A)×(?/4)×100??equation (1) SF2=(P2/A)×(1/4?)×100??equation (2), in the equations, “L” expresses the absolute maximum length of the oxide fine particles; “A” expresses a projected area of the oxide fine particles; and “P” expresses a maximum perimeter of the oxide fine particles.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of compounds of the formula C—LixM1?yM?y(XO4)n, where C represents carbon cross-linked with the compound LixM1?yM?y(XO4)n, in which x, y and n are numbers such as 0?x?2, 0?y?0.6, and 1?n?1.5, M is a transition metal or a mixture of transition metals from the first period of the periodic table, M? is an element with fixed valency selected among Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+, Zn2+ or a combination of these same elements and X is chosen among S, P and Si, by bringing into equilibrium, in the required proportions, the mixture of precursors, with a gaseous atmosphere, the synthesis taking place by reaction and bringing into equilibrium, in the required proportions, the mixture of the precursors, the procedure comprising at least one pyrolysis step of the carbon source compound in such a way as to obtain a compound in which the electronic conductivity measured on a sample of powder compressed at a pressure of 3750 Kg·cm?2 is greater than 10?8 S·cm?1.

Abstract: It is aimed at providing an oxynitride powder, which is suitable for usage as a phosphor, is free from coloration due to contamination of impurities, and mainly includes a fine ?-sialon powder. An oxynitride powder is produced by applying a heat treatment in a reducing and nitriding atmosphere, to a precursor compound including at least constituent elements M, Si, Al, and O (where M is one element or mixed two or more elements selected from Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), thereby decreasing an oxygen content and increasing a nitrogen content of the precursor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of processing an acid suspension containing at least one solid, wherein (a) the suspension containing at least one solid is mixed with an alkali metal silicate solution, the pH of the mixture being adjusted to a pH of more than 4, and (b) the resulting precipitate which contains the alkali metal silicate and the at least one solid is separated and optionally washed, dried and ground. The mixture according to (a) after aging may be acidified further by the addition of an acid. Furthermore, there are disclosed an adsorbent obtainable according to the preceding process, and the use thereof.

Abstract: A pillar-shaped honeycomb structure has a plurality of cells longitudinally placed in parallel with one another with a wall portion therebetween, wherein the honeycomb structure mainly includes inorganic fibers which form the honeycomb structure without lamination interfaces.

Abstract: The present invention includes a microporous or mesoporous composition of matter in which the composition is formed continuously or semi-continuously in a heated reactor zone, including a rotary calciner or a rotary screw as a means for conveying the synthesis mixture, at a temperature between 200° C. and 500° C. with a residence time less than 24 hours. The reagents are solid and liquid reagents in which the solid reagents have a weight percent between 45% and 98% of the total reagents. The invention also includes a continuous or semi-continuous process for the hydrothermal manufacture of the microporous or mesoporous composition.

Abstract: Sodalite is synthesized in the presence of a stoichiometric quantity of Permanganate ion. After thorough washing to remove trace salts the resulting pigment may be encapsulated with amorphous silica using the Iler process. The resulting pigment has enhanced acid stability and provides excellent corrosion protection on reactive metal substrates such as Aerospace Aluminum or Coil grade Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a new crystalline molecular sieve designated SSZ-82, a method for preparing SSZ-82 using a 1,6-bis(N-cyclohexylpyrrolidinium)hexane dication as a structure directing agent, and uses for SSZ-82.

Abstract: Methods of making basic aluminum halides, such as basic aluminum chlorides, are described, which includes the use of catalysts, such as nickel cations or cobalt cations.

Abstract: A catalytic material includes microporous zeolites supported on a mesoporous inorganic oxide support. The microporous zeolite can include zeolite Beta, zeolite Y (including “ultra stable Y”—USY), mordenite, Zeolite L, ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-20, Theta-1, ZSM-23, ZSM-34, ZSM-35, ZSM-48, SSZ-32, PSH-3, MCM-22, MCM-49, MCM-56, ITQ-1, ITQ-2, ITQ-4, ITQ-21, SAPO-5, SAPO-11, SAPO-37, Breck-6, ALPO4-5, etc. The mesoporous inorganic oxide can be e.g., silica or silicate. The catalytic material can be further modified by introducing some metals e.g. aluminum, titanium, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, iron, tungsten, palladium and platinum. It can be used as catalysts for acylation, alkylation, dimerization, oligomerization, polymerization, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, aromatization, isomerization, hydrotreating, catalytic cracking and hydrocracking reactions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to calcined kaolins having optimal whiteness and brightness properties. The calcined kaolins can comprise metakaolin, fully calcined kaolin, or flash calcined kaolin. The kaolin can be calcined from hydrous kaolin that has been subjected to enhanced magnetic separation. The resulting calcined kaolin can have a whiteness defined by a Hunter lab coordinate L value of at least about (96). The calcined kaolin can also have a brightness of at least about (90), as measured by a Technibrite TB-1C instrument. The present invention also relates to methods of preparing calcined kaolins. The present invention also relates to paints, polymers, coatings, ceramics, paper, and cementitious products comprising these calcined kaolins.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an image-projecting system, such as a projection objective of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus. In some embodiments, at least one optical element includes a cubic-crystalline material which at a given operating wavelength has a refractive index n that is greater than 1.6. The image-side numerical aperture NA of the image-projecting system is smaller than the refractive index n. The difference (n?NA) between the refractive index n and the numerical aperture NA of the image-projecting system is at most 0.2.

Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of a crystallised lamellar solid formed by magadiite consisting of implementing in a step (i) mixing of at least one silica source, at least one salt of N,N,N?,N?-tetramethyl-N,N?-dibenzyloctanediammonium, at least one alkali and/or alkaline earth metal M and water and then implementing in a step (ii) hydrothermal treatment of said mixture until said crystallised lamellar solid constituted by magadiite is formed.

Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of a crystallised lamellar solid formed by magadiite consisting of implementing in a step (i) mixing of at least one silica source, at least one salt of N,N,N?,N?-tetramethyl-N,N?-dibenzyloctanediammonium, at least one alkali and/or alkaline earth metal M and water and then implementing in a step (ii) hydrothermal treatment of said mixture until said crystallised lamellar solid constituted by magadiite is formed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a slow release nitrogen fertilizer and a process for manufacturing the fertilizer, wherein the fly ash from coal-fired power plants that may contain high concentration of mercury and carbon is used as the main feedstock and the carbonitridation reaction is used to convert fly ash to silicon aluminum oxynitride in the presence of nitrogen gas and carbon. Silicon aluminum oxynitride is subsequently used as a slow release nitrogen fertilizer. The mercury contained in the fly ash is recovered before carbonitridation reaction takes place.

Abstract: Novel superhard dielectric compounds useful as gate dielectrics discovered. Low temperature methods for making thin films of the compounds on substrate silicon are provided. The methods comprise the step of contacting a precursor having the formula H3X—O—XH3, wherein X is silicon or carbon with a compound comprising boron or nitrogen in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber or with one or more atomic elements in a molecular beam epitaxial deposition (MBE) chamber. These thin film constructs are useful as components of microelectronic devices, and specifically as gate dielectrics in CMOS devices.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to oxide materials, as well as related articles, systems and methods.